S235 7543457355 7.35 READING POST-TEST (Paper) Ei) SECTION 3 READING COMPREHENSION Time—55 minutes (including the reading of the directions) Now set your clock for 55 minutes. This section is designed to measure your ability to read and understand short passages similar in topic and style to those that students are likely to encounter in North American universities and colleges. Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number of ‘questions about it. You are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage. Read the following passage: John Quincy Adams, who served as the sixth president of the United States from 1825 to 1829, is today recognized for his masterful statesmanship and diplomacy. He dedicated his life to public service, both in the presidency and in the various other political offices that he Line held, Throughout his political career he demonstrated his unswerving belief in freedom of (5) speech, the antislavery cause, and the right of Americans to be free from European and Asian domination. Example I Sample Answer To what did John Quincy Adams devote his life? 3 (A) Improving his personal life © (B) Serving the public ® (C) Increasing his fortune (D) Working on his private business According to the passage, John Quincy Adams “dedicated his life to public service.” Therefore, you should choose (B). Example IL Sample Answer In line 4, the word “unswerving" is closest in meaning to (A) moveable °o (B) insignificant ® (©) unchanging (D) diplomatic The passage states that John Quincy Adams demonstrated his unswerving belief “throughout his career.” This implies that the belief did not change. Therefore, you should choose (C). Now begin work on the questions. cree TRCN ae) READINGLine (5) 343 A3A3 43 Questions 1-10 A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves in front of the Sun and hides at least some part of the Sun from the earth. In a partial eclipse, the Moon covers part of the Sun; in an annular eclipse, the Moon covers the center of the Sun, leaving a bright ring of light around the Moon; in a total eclipse, the Sun is completely covered by the Moon. It seems rather improbable that a celestial body the size of the Moon could completely block out the tremendously immense Sun, as happens during a total eclipse, but this is exactly what happens. Although the Moon is considerably smaller in size than the Sun, the Moon is able to cover the Sun because of their relative distances from Earth. A total eclipse can last up to 7 minutes, during which time the Moon's shadow moves across Earth at a rate of about .6 kilometers per second. 1, This passage mainly (A)_ describes how long an eclipse will last (B) gives facts about the Moon (©) explains how the Sun is able to ‘obscure the Moon (D) informs the reader about solar eclipses 2. Inwhich type of eclipse is the Sun obscured in its entirety? (A) A partial eclipse (B) Anannular eclipse (©) Atotal eclipse (D) Acelestial eclipse 3. The word “ring” in line 3 could best be replaced by (A) piece of gold (B) circle (C) jewel (D) bell 4, “celestial body” in line 5 is most probably one that is found (A) within the Moon's shadow (B) somewhere in the sky (©) on the surface of the Sun (D) inside Earth’s atmosphere 5. What is the meaning of “block out” in line 52 (A) Square (B) Cover (C) Evaporate (D) Shrink 6. According to the passage, how can the Moon hide the Sun during a total eclipse? (A) The fact that the Moon is closer to Earth than the Sun makes up for the Moon's smaller size. (B) The Moon can only obscure the Sun because of the Moon's great distance from the earth. (C) Because the Sun is relatively close to Earth, the Sun can be eclipsed by the Moon. (D) The Moon hides the Sun because of the Moon’s considerable size. GO_ON TO THE NEXT PAGE POST-TEST (Paper) 53 03 4533434343434343 43 7. The word “relative” in line 8 could best be 9. The word “rate” in line 9 is closest in replaced by meaning to (A) familial (A) form. (B) infinite (B) speed (©) comparative (C) distance (D) paternal (D) rotation 8. The passage states that which of the 10. Where in the passage does the author following happens during an eclipse? mention the rate of a total eclipse? (A) The Moon hides from the Sun. (A) Lines 1-2 (B) The Moon is obscured by the Sun. (B) Lines 2-4 (©) The Moon begins moving at a speed (©) Lines 5-6 of 6 kilometers per second. (D) Lines 8-9 (D) The Moon's shadow crosses Earth. GOON TO THE NEXT PAGE 454 READINGLine 6) (10) 3 AZ AZ A43A3A3A3A3 Questions 11-20 While the bald eagle is one national symbol of the United States, it is not the only one. Uncle Sam, a bearded gentleman costumed in the red, white, and blue stars and stripes of the nation’s flag, is another well-known national symbol. According to legend, this character is based on Samuel Wilson, the owner of a meat-packing business in Troy, New York. During the War of 1812, Sam Wilson’s company was granted a government contract to su meat was supplied to the army in barrels stamped with the it meat to the nation’s soldiers; this ials U.S., which stood for United States. However, the country was at that time relatively young, and the initials U.S. were not commonly used. Many people questioned what the initials represented, and the standard reply became “Uncle Sam,” for the owner of the barrels. It is now generally accepted that the figure of Uncle Sam is based on Samuel Wilson, and the U.S. Congress has made it official by adopting a resolution naming Samuel Wilson as the inspiration for Uncle Sam. 11, The paragraph preceding this passage most probably discusses (A). the War of 1812 (B) the bald eagle, which symbolizes the United States (©) Sam Wilson's meat-packing company (D) the costume worn by Uncle Sam 12, Which of the following is the most appropriate title for this passage? (A) The Bald Eagle (B) The Symbols of the United States (©) Samuel Wilson (D) Uncle Sam—Symbol of the Nation 13, Which of the following is NOT mentioned about Uncle Sam’s appearance? (A) He wears facial hair. (B) There is some blue in his clothing. (©) Heis bald. (D) His clothes have stripes in them. 14. The word “costumed” in line 2 could most easily be replaced by (A) dressed (B) nationalized (C) hidden (D) seen 15, Sam Wilson was the proprietor of what type of business? (A) Acostume company (B) A meat-packing company (©) Amilitary clothier (D) Abarrel-making company 16. The word “granted” in line 5 means (A) refused (B) underbid for (C) told about (D) given 17. According to the passage, what was in the barrels stamped U.S.? (A) Sam Wilson (B) Food for the army (C)_ Weapons to be used in the war (D) Company contracts 18. The word “initials” in line 6 means (A) nicknames (B) family names (C) first letters of words (D) company names 19. The word “official” in line 10 is closest in meaning to (A) authorized (B) professional (C) dutiful (D) accidental 20. In 1812, people most probably answered that the letters “U.S.” written on the barrels stood for “Uncle Sam” because (A) Congress required it (B) Samuel Wilson was their favorite uncle (C)_ Sam Wilson preferred it (D) they were not exactly sure what the letters meant ‘GOON TO THE NEXT PAGE POST-TEST (Paper) 455Line (5) (10) 456 5230323735725 74573 Questions 21-31 Most people think of deserts as dry, flat areas with little vegetation and little or no rainfall, but, this is hardly true. Many deserts have varied geographical formations ranging from soft, rolling hills to stark, jagged cliffs, and most deserts have a permanent source of water. Although deserts do not receive a high amount of rainfall—to be classified as a desert, an area must get less than twenty-five centimeters of rainfall per year—there are many plants that thrive on only small amounts of water, and deserts are often full of such plant life. Desert plants have a variety of mechanisms for obtaining the water needed for survival. Some plants, such as cactus, are able to store large amounts of water in their leaves or stems; after a rainfall these plants absorb a large supply of water to last until the next rainfall. Other plants, such as the mesquite, have extraordinarily deep root systems that allow them to obtain water from far below the desert’s arid surface. 21. What is the main topic of the passage? 27. The word “mechanisms” in line 7 could (A) Deserts are dry, flat areas with few most easily be replaced by plants. (A) machines (B) There is little rainfall in the desert. (B) pumps (C)_ Many kinds of vegetation can survive (C) sources with little water. (D) methods Pim ae eae 28. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage about cacti? 22. The passage implies that (A) They have deep root systems. (A) the typical conception of a desert is (B) They retain water from one rainfall to incorrect the next. (B) all deserts are dry, flat areas (©) They survive in the desert because (©) most people are well informed about they do not need water. deserts (D) They get water from deep below the (D) the lack of rainfall in deserts causes surface of the desert. the lack of vegetation See 29. “Mesquite” in line 10 is probably 23. The passage describes the geography of (A) atype of tree ae (B) adesert animal (A) flat (©) atype of cactus (B) sandy (D) a geographical formation in the desert (© varied (D) void of vegetation 30. The word “arid” in line 11 means (A) deep 24, The word “source” in line 3 means (B) dry (A) supply (©) sandy (B) storage space (D) superficial ) thee 31, Where in the passage does the author describe desert vegetation that keeps water 25. According to the passage, what causes an in its leaves? area to be classified as a desert? (A) Lines 1-2 (A) The type of plants (B) Lines 3-6 (B) The geographical formations (©) Lines 7-9 (C) The amount of precipitation (D) Lines 9-11 (D) The source of water 26. The word “thrive” in line 5 means (A) suffer (B) grow well (©) minimally survive (D) decay GOON TO THE NEXT PAGE) READINGLine (5) (10) 343 A343 43434343 Questions 32-41 American jazz is a conglomeration of sounds borrowed from such varied sources as American and African folk music, European classical music, and Christian gospel songs. One of the recognizable characteristics of jazz is its use of improvisation: certain parts of the music are written out and played the same way by various performers, and other improvised parts are created spontaneously during a performance and vary widely from performer to performs The earliest form of jazz was ragtime, lively songs or rags performed on the piano, and the best- known of the ragtime performers and composers was Scott Joplin. Born in 1868 to former slaves, Scott Joplin earned his living from a very early age playing the piano in bars along the Mississippi. One of his regular jobs was in the Maple Leaf Club in Sedalia, Missouri. It was there that he began writing the more than 500 compositions that he was to produce, the most famous of which was “The Maple Leaf Rag.” 32. This passage is about 36. Which of the following statements is true ling the 7 (A) jazz in general and one specific type according to the passage of jazz (A) Scott Joplin was a slave when he (B) the various sources of jazz was born. (C) the life of Scott Joplin (B) Scott Joplin’s parents had been slaves (D) the major characteristics of jazz before Scott was born. (C)_ Scott Joplin had formerly been a 33. The word “conglomeration” in line 1 could slave, but he no longer was best be replaced by after 1868. : (D) Scott Joplin’s parents were slaves (A) disharmony when Scott was born. (B) mixture oi purity 37. The word “living” in line 8 could most @) treasure easily be replaced by 34, In line 3, the word “improvisation” (A) involves which of the following? (B) oe (A). Playing the written parts of the music Pepe (B) Performing similarly to other musicians (C) Making up music while playing (D) Playing a varied selection of musical compositions 35. According to the passage, ragtime was (A) _ generally performed on a variety of instruments the first type of jazz extremely soothing and sedate performed only at the Maple Leaf Club in Sedalia (B) © (D) [Link] TO THE NEXT PAGE) POST-TEST (Paper) 457Z3A3A3A3A3434343 38. The word “regular” in line 9 could best be 40. The name of Scott Joplin's most famous replaced by ‘composition probably came from (A) popular (A) the name of a saloon where (B) steady he performed (©) unusual (B) the maple tree near his Sedalia home (D) boring (C) the name of the town where he was born 39. The word “which” in line 10 refers to (D) the school where he learned to play the piano (A)_ regular jobs (B) the Maple Leaf Club i (C) Sedalia, Missouri (D) 500 compositions . The paragraph following the passage probably discusses (A) Sedalia, Missouri (B) the Maple Leaf Club (C) the numerous compositions of Scott Joplin (D) the life of Scott Joplin GOON TOTH 458 READINGline (5) (10) go Questions 42-50 ‘The idea of determinism, that no event occurs in nature without natural causes, has been postulated as a natural law yet is under attack on both scientific and philosophical grounds. Scientific laws assume that a specific set of conditions will unerringly lead to a predetermined outcome. However, studies in the field of physics have demonstrated that the location and speed of minuscule particles such as electrons are the result of random behaviors rather than predictable results determined by pre-existing conditions. As a result of these studies, the principle of indeterminacy was formulated in 1925 by Werner Heisenberg. According to this principle, only the probable behavior of an electron can be predicted. The inability to absolutely predict the behavior of electrons casts doubt on the universal applicability of a natural law of determinism. Philosophically, the principal opposition to determinism emanates from those who see humans as creatures in possession of free will. Human decisions may be influenced by previous events, but the ultimate freedom of humanity may possibly lead to unforeseen choices, those not preordained by preceding events. 42, It is implied in the passage that a natural 45. The word “minuscule” in line 4 is closest in law meaning to (A) is something that applies to science (A) charged only (B) fast-moving (B) can be incontrovertibly found in the (© circular idea of determinism (D) tiny (©) is philosophically unacceptable (D) isa principle to which there is no 46. According to the passage, which of the exception following is NOT true about the principle of indeterminacy? 43, The word “unerringly” in line 3 could be most easily replaced by (A) Itwas formulated based on studies in physics. (A) fortunately (B)_Itis philosophically unacceptable. (B) effortlessly (C)_Ithas been in existence for more than (©) without mistake adecade. (D) with guidance (D) It is concerned with the random behavior of electrons. 44. The idea of determinism is refuted in tl Passage based on (A) scientific proof (B) data from the science and philosophy of determinism (©) principles or assumptions from different fields of study (D) philosophical doubt about free will GOON TO THE NEXT PAGE) POST-TEST (Paper) 459Z3A3ZAZA3A3A3A343 47. The expression “emanates from” in line 10 49. could most easily be replaced by (A) derives from (B) differs from (C) isin contrast to (D) is subordinate to 48. It is implied in the passage that free will is 50, (A) accepted by all philosophers (B) a direct outcome of Werner’s principle of indeterminacy (C) the antithesis of determinism (D) anatural law ‘The word “unforeseen” in line 12 is closest in meaning to (A) forewarned (B) blind (©) unappreciated (D) unpredictable Where in the passage does the author mention who developed the contrary principle to determinism? (A) Lines 1-2 (B) Lines 6-7 (C) Lines 8-9 (D) Lines 9-13 This is the end of Section 3. READING