F4 Mathematics Chapter 7 Applications to Trigonometry

7.1 Consolidation Exercise - Sine Formula

[In this exercise, unless otherwise stated, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.]

Level 1
In each of the following triangles, find the value of x. [Nos. 1–6]

1. C 2. 6 cm C 3. A
B x cm
86 1 cm 120
13
30 B C
x cm 60
x cm
A
50
A 4 cm B

4. A C 5. A 6. A
x cm C
63
46 105
cm x cm
x cm 6 cm 45
52 B
83
B B C

Solve the following triangles. [Nos. 7–9]

7. C 8. C A 9. A

123 41
88
19 cm B
22 cm
B 22 87
31 cm 35
A C
B

In each of the following triangles, find . [Nos. 10–15]

10. 11. 12.  is acute.
A B A
15.6 cm 37
C
61 19.3 cm 
7 cm A 43
7 cm 11 cm

 C
B C B
9.5 cm

F.4 Math Book B 7 .1

13. 14. 15.  is obtuse.

A C 8.6 cm C
B 13 cm
5 cm  17
120 B
B
 7.2 cm

cm C 58 8 cm

A
A

In each of the following, determine whether △ABC can be formed. If yes, find C. [Nos. 16–19]
16. A = 25, a = 11 cm, c = 27 cm

17. A = 74, a = 16 cm, c = 9 cm

18. B = 135, c = 7 cm, b = 2 cm

19. B = 103, a = 8 cm, b = 3 5 cm

20. In the figure, ACD and BCE are t wo s trai ght li nes. CE = 10 cm, E
DE = 8 cm, ABC = 72 and BAC = 60. 8 cm
10 cm
(a) Find DCE. D
(b) If CDE is an acute angle, find CDE.
C
A 60
72

21. In the fi gur e, ABC i s a straight li ne and BD = CD. AD = 16 cm, D

BAD = 55 and BCD = 61.
(a) Find ADB. 16 cm
(b) Find the length of AB.
55 61
A C
B

22. In the fi gure, P, Q, R and S are poi nts on a ci rcl e. PR = 19 cm, S

PS = 11 cm and PQR = 67. 11 cm R
(a) Find SPR. P 19 cm
(b) Is △PRS an isosceles triangle? Explain your answer.
67

F.4 Math Book B 7 .2

Level 2
23. In each of the following, find a in △ABC.
(a) B = 65, C = 20, b = 7 cm
(b) B = 57, C = 43, c = 18.5 cm

24. In each of the following, find B in △ABC.

(a) C = 62, b = 18 cm, c = 17 cm
(b) A = 47, a = 11 cm, b = 15 cm
(c) C = 124, b = 4.2 cm, c = 8.6 cm

In each of the following, determine whether a triangle can be formed. If yes, solve the triangle. [Nos. 25–26]
25. (a) In △ABC, A = 31, C = 13 and c = 11 cm.
(b) In △LMN, L = 59, M = 35 and n = 4.5 cm.
(c) In △DEF, E = 101, F = 29 and d = 17.5 cm.

26. (a) In △ABC, B = 47, b = 4 cm and c = 14 cm.

(b) In △PQR, Q = 99, p = 17 cm and q = 19 cm.
(c) In △RST, T = 21, s = 8.5 cm and t = 4.1 cm.
(d) In △XYZ, Y = 51, x = 6.5 cm and y = 5.5 cm.

27. It is given that DE = 21 cm and DEF = 30. Find the range of the length of DF such that
(a) only one triangle can be formed,
(b) two triangles can be formed.

28. In the figure, Z = 30 and YZ : XY = 2 : 3. X

(a) Find X.
XZ
(b) Find the value of .
XY
30
Z Y

29. In the figure, AB = AC and A = 120. C

(a) Find BC : AC : AB.
(Leave the radical sign ‘ ’ in the answer.)
120
(b) If BC = 9 cm, find the perimeter of △ABC.
A B

30. In the figure, AB = 9 cm, AC = 12 cm, BCD = 39, CDB = 82 and BAC is a A 12 cm C
right angle. 39
9 cm
(a) Find the length of BD.
(b) Find the perimeter of the quadrilateral ABDC. B
82

F.4 Math Book B 7 .3

 D 7.8 cm
31. In the figure, BC = 11.5 cm, CD = 7.8 cm, ABC = 74, ACD = 56 and ADC C
= 83. 83 56

(a) Find BAC.

11.5 cm
(b) Find the perimeter of △ABC.
A 74
B

32. In the figure, PQ = RS = 7 cm, PQR = 81 and PRQ = 46. QPS is a right P
angle and PSR is an acute angle. S
7 cm
(a) Find the length of PR.
7 cm 81
(b) Find the length of PS. 46
Q
R

33. In the figure, BDC is a straight line. BAD = 2DAC, ABD = 68 and AB =
A
AD = 8 cm.
(a) Find the length of BC. 8 cm
(b) Which triangle, △ABD or △ADC, has a greater perimeter? Explain your
68
answer. B D C

34. In the figure, PQ // RS, PR = 8.9 cm, QR = 15.5 cm, QS = 9.2 cm and QPR = R S
73. RS is the longest side in △QRS. 15.5 cm
8.9 cm 9.2 cm
(a) Find QRS. 73
(b) Find the length of RS. P Q

35. In the figure, AB // DC, AB = 18 cm, DC = 12 cm, DAB = 125 and DCB =
12 cm C
145. D
(a) Find the length of BC. 145
125
(b) Find the length of AD.
A B
18 cm

36. The figure shows a trapezium ABCD, where AB // DC. AB = 10 cm, AD = 6 cm,
D C
ABC = 50 and BAD = 99.
(a) Find the lengths of BC and CD.
6 cm
(b) Find the area of ABCD. 99
50
A B
10 cm

F.4 Math Book B 7 .4

 F
D
37. In the figure, ABC, BED and FEC are straight lines. BD bisects CBF. BC =
E
CD, ABF = 2AFB, BE = 11 cm, ACF = 53 and CAF = 33.
(a) Is BF parallel to CD? Explain your answer. 33 53
A C
B
(b) Find the lengths of AF and CD.
(c) Suppose BD is a chord of a circle with centre at C. Does the circle pass
through F? Explain your answer.

38. In the figure, A, B, C and D are concyclic. AC and BD intersect at E. ABD =

20, ADB = 55 and BAC = 15. D
(a) Prove that the line segment joining C and D is a diameter of the circle C
55 E
passing through A, B, C and D. 15 20
2 A B
area of △ADE sin 20
(b) Someone claims that = . Do you agree?
area of △BCE sin 2 15
Explain your answer.
(c) If AD = 6 cm, find the perimeter of the polygon ABCED.

* 39. In the figure, ABCDE is a pentagon, where AE = DE and AE // BC. A E 21

85
I is the in-centre of △CDE. ABC = DCE, CD = 10 cm,
D
BCE = 72, CDE = 85 and DEI = 21. Find the perimeter of ABCDE. I
72 10 cm
B C

* 40. In the figure, DEF is a straight line. The area of the rectangle ACEG is 30 cm2. F
AB = 6 cm, BC = 4.5 cm, CD = 5 cm, ABC = 90, CDE = 27 and EGF =
47 E
47. Find the area of the polygon ABCDFG. G

A 27
C
5 cm D
6 cm 4.5 cm
B

* 41. In the figure, G is the centre of the circle and the radius of the circle is 15 cm. D
is a point on GA such that DG = 13 cm and CDG = 73. BC is the tangent to C
the circle at C. ABC is an acute angle and AB = 8 cm. 15 cm
73 A B
(a) Find CGD. G
13 cm D 8 cm
Hence, find the length of the CD.
(b) Solve △ABC.

F.4 Math Book B 7 .5

F4 Mathematics Chapter 7 Applications to Trigonometry

7.2 Consolidation Exercise - Cosine Formula

[In this exercise, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.]

Level 1
In each of the following triangles, find the unknown. [Nos. 1–9]

1. C 2. C 3. A
7 cm x cm
x cm x cm 10 cm
35
A B 11 cm 119
9 cm C
95
A B 19 cm
B 8 cm

4. D 16 cm 5. D 6. F
E 17 cm
28 9 cm 
D
26 cm x cm E 8 cm 11 cm
 14 cm
10 cm
F
F E

7. Q 8. 7 cm R 9. P
Q
24 cm 9 cm
12 cm 19 cm
13 cm
31 cm  P  
Q
P
22 cm
8 cm
R
R

Solve the following triangles. [Nos. 10–12]

10. A 11. D 12. X
24 cm
Y
9 cm
10 cm 30 15 cm 34 cm 14 cm
E 105
C
Z
B 17 cm

F.4 Math Book B 7 .6

13. In each of the following, find a in △ABC.
(a) b = 9 cm, c = 11 cm, A = 45 (b) b = 6 cm, c = 14 cm, A = 70
(c) b = 37 cm, c = 23 cm, A = 106 (d) b = 15 cm, c = 28 cm, A = 123

14. In each of the following, find Q in △PQR.

(a) p = 10 cm, q = 15 cm, r = 13 cm (b) p = 22 cm, q = 26 cm, r = 11 cm

15. In the figure, EF = 17.5 cm, DF = 20.5 cm and DE = 20 cm. Find the largest angle 20.5 cm F
of △DEF. D
17.5 cm
20 cm
E

16. In the figure, AC = 9 cm, BC = 13 cm and ACB = 49. C

(a) Find the length of AB.
49
13 cm
(b) Find the smallest angle of △ABC. 9 cm

A B

17. In the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. AB = 11 cm, BC = 12 cm and B 12 cm

C
BD = 10 cm. Find ADC. 11 cm 10 cm

A D

18. In the figure, A, B, C and D are points on a circle. E is a point on CD produced. B

A
ADE = 98, AB = 6 cm and BC = 15 cm. Find the length of AC. 6 cm

15 cm

98

C E
D

Level 2
19. In each of the following, find the smallest angle of the triangle.
(a) In △ABC, a = 4 cm, b = 11 cm and c = 9 cm.
(b) In △XYZ, x = 18 cm, y = 21 cm and z = 24 cm.

20. In each of the following, solve the triangle.

(a) In △ABC, a = 32 cm, c = 23 cm and B = 131.
(b) In △DEF, e = 14 cm, f = 8 cm and D = 53.
(c) In △PQR, p = 32 cm, q = 46 cm and r = 29 cm.

F.4 Math Book B 7 .7

21. In the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. AB = 16 cm, BC = 20 cm and BCD =A55. D
Find the lengths of the two diagonals BD and AC.
16 cm
55
B 20 cm C

22. In the figure, PQ = 12 cm, PS = 8 cm, QR = 6 cm, RS = 13 cm and PQR = 72.

S 13 cm
(a) Find the length of PR. R

(b) Find PRS. 8 cm 6 cm

72
P Q
12 cm

23. In the figure, AB = 22 cm, AD = 19 cm, BC = 15 cm, ABC = 37 and CAD = 22 cm B
37
28. A 15 cm
(a) Find the lengths of AC and CD.
28 C
(b) Find ACD. 19 cm

24. In the figure, ABC is a straight line. AD = 11 cm, BC = 5 cm, BD = 8 cm and ADB D
= 90. 11 cm
8 cm
(a) Find the length of CD.
A B 5 cm C
(b) Find BDC.

25. In the figure, AD = 5 cm, BC = 10 cm, ABD = 21, BAD = 48 and CBD = C
76.
(a) Find the length of BD. D 10 cm
5 cm 76
(b) Find the perimeter of the quadrilateral ABCD. 48 21
A B

26. In the figure, ADC is a straight line. AD = 17 cm, BD = 23 cm, B

BCD = 85 and CBD = 32.
(a) Find the length of AB. 32
(b) Find the perimeter of △ABC.
23 cm
85
A 17 cm D C

27. In the figure, ADC = 4ADB, AB = BD = 10 cm, CD = 12 cm and ABD = 138.

(a) Find BDC. D
(b) Is the perimeter of the polygon ABCD greater than 55 cm? Explain your
138 12 cm
answer. A
10 cm B

F.4 Math Book B 7 .8

28. In the figure, BC = 7 cm, AC = 8 cm and ACB = 115. BC is produced to the point A

D such that CD = AD.

115 8 cm
(a) Find the length of AB.
B D
7 cm C
(b) Determine whether △ABD is an acute-angled triangle, a right-angled triangle
or an obtuse-angled triangle. Explain your answer.

29. In the figure, ABCD is a trapezium, where AD // BC. AB = 12 cm, A 23 cm

D
AD = 23 cm, BC = 26 cm and ABC = 52. 12 cm
(a) Find ADC. 52
B C
(b) Find the perimeter of ABCD. 26 cm

30. In the figure, AB = 25 cm, AC = 31 cm and BAC = 55. D is a point on BC such C

that BD = 12 cm. E is a point on AD such that
DCE = 36. 31 cm 36
D
(a) Find the lengths of CD and AD.
12 cm
(b) Find AEC. 55 E
A B
25 cm

31. In the figure, A, B, C and D are concyclic. BD is the angle bisector of ADC. AB C
= 12 cm, AD = 8 cm and BD = 13.5 cm. Find the perimeter of the quadrilateral
D
ABCD. 13.5 cm B
8 cm
12 cm
A

32. In the figure, P, Q and R are points on the circle with centre O. PQ = 21 cm, QR = P
(x + 2) cm, PR = (x  1) cm and QOR = 120.
21 cm
(a) Find the value of x. O
(b) Find OQP. Q 120
R

33. In the figure, A, B and P are points on the circle. TP touches the circle at P. ABT is
a straight line. AB = 11 cm, AP = 9 cm and BAP = 28.
(a) Find the length of BP. B 11 cm
T A
28
(b) Find the length of BT.
9 cm
(c) Find the radius of the circle. P

F.4 Math Book B 7 .9

 34. In the figure, AC and BD intersect at the point E. AD = 15 cm, A
15 cm
BC = 18 cm, BE = 11 cm, CE = 9 cm and CAD = 25. 25 D
11 cm
(a) Find the lengths of DE and AE. E 9 cm
B
(b) Is AD parallel to BC? Explain your answer.
18 cm
(c) Find the perimeter of the quadrilateral ABCD. C

35. In the figure, △ABC is a right-angled triangle and △CDE is an acute-angled D

triangle. AB = AE = DE, AC = 34 cm, BC = 31 cm,
E
BCD = 75 and CAE = 36. A 36
(a) Find the length of AB.
34 cm 75
(b) Find ACE.
B 31 cm C
(c) Find reflex AED.

36. (a) Let f(x) = x2  15x + 225. Using the method of completing the square,
f i nd t h e c o or d i n a t e s o f t he ve r t e x of t h e g r a p h o f y = f ( x ) .
(b) In the figure, AB + BC = 15 cm and ABC = 120. Let AB = p cm. A
(i) Express the length of AC in terms of p.
(ii) Can the perimeter of △ABC be less than 27 cm? Explain your answer.
120

B C

* 37. In the figure, A and B are the centres of circles with radii 5 cm and E
2 cm respectively. The two circles touch each other internally. C and E are points C
on the larger circle. BE and CD intersect at A. AD = 4 cm and
BC = 52 cm. A

(a) Find the lengths of BD and DE. D

(b) Are B, C, D and E concyclic? Explain your answer. B

* 38. In the figure, ABCD is a trapezium, where BA // CD, BA = 10.5 cm,

CD = 14 cm and ADC = 90. The area of ABCD is 147 cm2. E is the mid-point B 10.5 cm A
of CD and BC = BE. CG intersects AD, AE and BE at F, H G
F
and I respectively, where AF : FD = 1 : 2 and GH = 65 cm.
H
(a) Find the lengths of AE and BC. cm

(b) Find AEB and GIE. I

(c) Solve △AGH. C D
E
14 cm

F.4 Math Book B 7.10

F4 Mathematics Chapter 7 Applications to Trigonometry

7.3 Consolidation Exercise - Areas of Triangles

[In this exercise, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.]

Level 1
1. In each of the following, find the area of the triangle.
(a) C (b) B A (c) B

13 cm 6 cm
10 cm
31
47 86
43 C A
A B 8 cm
9 cm C

In each of the following triangles, find the unknown. [Nos. 2–3]

2. (a) C (b) Area = 100 cm2 (c) C x cm
B A
A 101
11 cm Area 12 cm
14 cm
= 60 cm2 x cm 41
59 Area = 54 cm2
B
A B C
x cm

3. (a)  is an acute angle. (b)  is an obtuse angle. (c)  is an obtuse angle.

C B 8 cm C C 7 cm
A
  
21 cm 12 cm
13 cm
Area
= 90 cm2 Area = 40 cm2 Area = 20 cm2 B
A B A

4. The area of △ABC is 24 cm2 and C is an acute angle. If a = 12 cm and b = 6 cm, find C.

5. In the figure, ABC = 75 and BC = 8 cm. The area of △ABC is 42 cm2. B

(a) Find the length of AB. 75 8 cm

(b) Find the length of AC.
A C

6. In the figure, △PQR is an acute-angled triangle. PQ = 15 cm and P R

QR = 25 cm. The area of △PQR is 185 cm . 2
15 cm
25 cm
(a) Find PQR.
Q
(b) Find the length of PR.

F.4 Math Book B 7.11

7. The lengths of the three sides of a triangle are 19 cm, 15 cm and x cm, where 4 < x < 15. The area of the triangle is
91 cm2.
(a) Find the smallest angle of the triangle.
(b) Find the value of x.

In each of the following triangles, find the unknown and the area of △PQR. [Nos. 8–10]
8. R 9. Q 10. 18 cm R
r P

58 P 38
10 cm
q 12 cm 78
21 cm 53
Q
46 R
P Q

11. In each of the following, divide the polygon into triangles and hence find the area of the polygon.
(a) PQRS is a parallelogram. (b) ABCDEF is a regular hexagon.

P 13 cm S A 8 cm F

118 4 cm
Q R B E

C D

12. In each of the following, find the area of the triangle using Heron’s formula.
(a) 10 cm (b) D (c) X
A B
15 cm
9 cm
8 cm F
12 cm
20 cm Y Z
7 cm 14 cm
C
E

13. In the figure, AB = 21 cm, AC = 15 cm and BC = 8 cm. C

15 cm h cm
(a) Using Heron’s formula, find the area of △ABC. 8 cm
(b) Hence, find the value of h. A B
21 cm

14. In the figure, AB = 16 cm and BC = 14 cm. The perimeter of △ABC is 41 C

cm.
14 cm
(a) Using Heron’s formula, find the area of △ABC.
(b) Hence, find the height from B to AC. B A
16 cm

15. In the figure, BDC = 90, AB = BC = 10 cm, CD = 8 cm and AD = 14 cm. D

8 cm
(a) Find the area of the quadrilateral ABCD. C
14 cm
(b) Find the height of △ABD with AB as the base.
10 cm
B
A 10 cm

F.4 Math Book B 7.12

Level 2
16. The area of △ABC is 50 cm2. If a = 6 cm and c = 19 cm, find the two possible measures of B.

17. In each of the following, find the area of △ABC.

(a) A = 42, C = 104, a = 5 m (b) B = 55, b = 33 cm, c = 22 cm

18. In each of the following, find c.

(a) Area of △ABC = 25 m2, A = 28, B = 78 (b) Area of △ABC = 32 cm2, A = 32, B = 64

19. The figure shows a quadrilateral ABCD with perimeter of 40 cm. 11 cm D AB = 8

cm, AC = 10 cm, AD = 11 cm and BC = 9 cm. Find the area of ABCD. A
8 cm 10 cm

B C
9 cm
20. In the figure, A, B, C and D are concyclic. AB = 7 cm, BC = 11 cm, A
D
CD = 5
cm and ABC = 51. 7 cm
5 cm
(a) Find the length of AC. 51
B C
(b) Find the area of the quadrilateral ABCD. 11 cm

21. The perimeter of △PQR is 85 cm and QR : PR : PQ = 3 : 8 : 6.

(a) Find the lengths of QR, PR and PQ.
(b) Using Heron’s formula, find the area of △PQR.
(c) Hence, find the height from Q to PR.

22. The area of △XYZ is 56 cm2 and X : Y : Z = 21 : 7 : 8.

(a) Solve △XYZ.
(b) Find the height from X to YZ.

23. In the figure, AB = 10 cm, AD = 15 cm, BAC = 52 and CAD = 37. The 15 cm D area of
A
the quadrilateral ABCD is 115 cm . 2 37
52
(a) Find the length of AC. 10 cm
(b) Find BCD. C
B

In each of the following, solve the triangle. [Nos. 24–25]

24. Area of △ABC = 84 cm2 25. Area of △DEF = 35 cm2

A D

130 C 43
3x cm x cm
x cm
B E F
2x cm

F.4 Math Book B 7.13

26. In △ABC, AB = 11 cm, BC = 21 cm and ABC = .
(a) If the area of △ABC is 75 cm2, find the possible measures of .
(b) (i) If the area of △ABC is maximum, what is the measure of  ? Explain your answer.
(ii) Hence, find the maximum area of △ABC.

27. In the figure, BCD is an obtuse angle. AB = 31 cm, AD = 28 cm, D 16 cm

CD = 16 cm, ABC = 69 and BAD = 74. C
(a) Find BCD. 28 cm
(b) Find the area of the quadrilateral ABCD.
74 69
A B
31 cm

28. In the figure, AB = 3.5 cm, BC = AE = 3 cm, CD = 6 cm, DE = 4 cm, BAE = 120 D
and CDE = 95. Find the area of the pentagon ABCDE. 4 cm 95 6 cm

E
C
3 cm 120
3 cm
A 3.5 cm B

29. In the figure, BD is the angle bisector of ABC. AB = 23 cm, AD = 18 cm and BAD B
= 26. The ratio of the area of △ABD to that of △BCD is 3 : 2. 23 cm
(a) Find the area of △BCD. 26
A
18 cm D
(b) Solve △BCD. C

30. In the figure, OABC is a sector with centre O. AC and OB intersect A

at D. OA = OB = OC = 12 cm, BOC = 34 and BDC = 81. 12 cm
(a) Find the area of △OAC.
(b) Find the lengths of AB and AD. O D
34 B
(c) Hence, find the total area of the shaded regions. 81
12 cm

31. In the figure, P, Q and R are points on a circle with centre O. The radius of the Q
circle is 14 cm. PS is the tangent to the circle at P. OTR, PTQ and QRS are straight
lines. The area of △OPQ is 49 cm2. POQ is an obtuse angle and PS = 19 cm. R
O T
(a) Find the length of QS. S
(b) Solve △QRT.
19 cm
(c) Find the total area of the shaded regions. P

F.4 Math Book B 7.14

 32. In △PQR, PQ = 8 cm and QR = 14 cm.
(a) Describe how the area of △PQR varies when PQR increases from 40 to 110. Explain your answer.
(b) Suppose PQR is an obtuse angle and the area of △PQR is 36 cm2. Find PQR.

* 33. In the fi gure, ABCDE and M NOPQ ar e r egul ar pentagons, where E

AB = 7 cm. AMQD, BNME, CONA, DPOB and EQPC are straight lines.
M Q
(a) Find the lengths of AD and PQ. A D
(b) Find the areas of ABCDE and MNOPQ. N P
7 cm
O
B C

* 34. In the figure, △BCD and △ABD are isosceles triangles, where BC = CD and AB = B
BD. The area of △ABD is 65 cm . F is the mid-point of BD. E is a point on CD such
2

that CE : DE = 1 : 2. AD = 9 cm and BCD = 104. 104 C

F
(a) Find the length of AB and BAD. E
(b) Find the area of △BCD.
(c) Using Heron’s formula, find the area of △AEF. A 9 cm D

* 35. In the figur e, △ABC and △BDE are equilat eral triangles, where E
AB < BD. M and N are the mid-points of BC and DE respectively. ABD is a straight C
line. N M
(a) Someone claims that the area of △AMN increases when the length of BD
D A
increases. Do you agree? Explain your answer. B
(b) If the area of △ABC is 16 cm2 and MN = 9 cm, find BMN.

* 36. In the figure, O is the circumcentre of △ABC. AB = 7 cm, BC = 6 cm and AC = 5 C

cm. 6 cm
5 cm
(a) Find the radius of the circumcircle.
O
(b) Find the total area of the shaded regions. A 7 cm B
(c) Find the perpendicular distance from O to AC.

* 37. In the figure, G is the in-centre of △ABC. The radius of the inscribed circle of △ C
ABC is r cm. AB = c cm, AC = b cm and BC = a cm.
(a) Express the area of △BCG in terms of a and r. b cm a cm

( s  a )( s  b)( s  c) abc G
(b) Prove that r = , where s = .
s 2 A B
c cm
(c) Suppose a = 16, b = 30 and c = 32.
(i) Find the area of △ABC.
(ii) Find the radius of the inscribed circle of △ABC.
(iii) Find the length of AG.
New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5B

F.4 Math Book B 7.15

F4 Mathematics Chapter 7 Applications to Trigonometry
7.4 Consolidation Exercise - Problems in Two Dimensions
[In this exercise, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.]

Level 1
1. In the figure, A and B are 72 m apart on a horizontal ground. The distances of a C
bird C from A and B are 56 m and 36 m respectively. A, B and C lie on the same 56 m 36 m
vertical plane. Find the angle of depression of B from C.
A 72 m B
2. In the figure, two people at A and B observe a bus at D. C and D are points on the A
horizontal ground. The distances of A from B and D are 9 m and 19 m 9m 19 m
respectively. If the angle of depression of D from B is 25, find the angle of B
25
elevation of A from D.
C D
3. In the figure, D is a helicopter. A and C lie on the horizontal ground. D, A and C
D
lie on the same vertical plane. The angles of depression of A and C from D are 31 31 53
and 53 respectively. If CD = 51 m, find the distance between A and C. 51 m

A C
4. The figure shows a vertical tower AB. PBQ is a straight line on the horizontal A
ground. The angles of elevation of A from P and Q are 31 and 50 respectively. If
PQ = 80 m, 50
31
(a) find the distance between A and P, P B Q
80 m
(b) find the height of the tower AB.

5. In the figure, AB is a vertical building. BCD is a straight line on the horizontal A

ground. The distance between C and D is 70 m. The angles of depression of C and 41

D from A are 68 and 41 respectively. 68

(a) Find the distance between A and C.
(b) Find the height of the building AB. D 70 m C B

6. The figure shows a tree AC. B is a point on AC such that AB = 6 m. C and D are A
points on the horizontal ground. The distance between B and D is 10 m. The
6m
difference between the angles of elevation of A and B from D is 27. 27
(a) Find the angle of depression of D from A. B
(b) Find the height of the tree. D C
7. In the figure, a hot air balloon travels vertically upward from P. A video recorder
is placed at Q, where P and Q lie on the same horizontal ground. When the hot air
B
balloon reaches A, the distance between A and Q is 130 m. When the hot air balloon A
reaches B, the distance between B and Q is 150 m. The difference between the 150 m
130 m
angles of depression of Q from A and B is 3. If the average speed of the hot air

P Q
F.4 Math Book B 7.16
 balloon when travelling from A to B is 2 m/s, find the time taken by the balloon to
travel from A to B.

8. In the figure, CD is a vertical building. ABD is a straight line on the horizontal C

ground. Danny walks from A to D at a constant speed of
1.2 m/s and reaches B 3 minutes later. He finds that the angles of elevation of C 37 18
D B A
from A and B are 18 and 37 respectively. Find the difference between the
distances of C from A and B.

9. In the figure, cities B and C are 86 km apart. The bearings of B and C from city A N
are S14E and S56E respectively. The bearing of C from B is N66E. A
(a) Find ACB.
56
(b) Find the distance between A and B. 14
N
66 C
86 km
B

10. In the figure, ships A and C are 100 km apart. Ships B and C are 80 km apart. The N C
bearings of B and C from A are S70E and N68E respectively. ABC is an acute 68
100 km
angle. A 80 km N
(a) Find the bearing of C from B. 70
B
(b) Find the distance between A and B.

11. In the figure, the bearings of car B and car C from car park A are N37E and N63W N
respectively. The distance between A and B is 9.2 km. The distance between A and B
C is 7 km.
N
(a) Find the distance between B and C. C 37 9.2 km
63
7 km
(b) Find the bearing of C from B.
A

12. In the figure, the bearings of checkpoints Q and R from P are 077 and 202 N
77
respectively. PQ = 14 m and PR = 24 m. 14 m Q
P
(a) Find the distance between Q and R. 202
(b) Find the bearing of Q from R. 24 m
(c) Find the area of the triangle formed by P, Q and R.
R

13. In the figure, the bearing of town B from town A is 114. The bearing of town C
from town B is 240. The distance between A and B is 260 km. A car leaves B and
N
travels at a constant speed of 48 km/h for 5 hours to C.
114
(a) Find the distance between A and C. N
A 260 km
(b) If the car travels from C to A, in which direction does the car travel?
B
240
F.4 Math Book B 7.17 C
Level 2
14. In the figure, AB and CD are two buildings. They stand vertically on the same C

horizontal ground. The height of AB is 27 m. The angles of elevation of C from A

and B are 32 and 48 respectively. Find the horizontal distance between the two A 32

buildings. 27 m
48
B D

15. In the figure, AB is a flagpole standing vertically on the horizontal ground. CD is 15 C
a ladder leaning against a vertical wall. B and D lie on the same horizontal ground. A
4.5 m
The angle of elevation of A from D is 41. The angle of depression of A from C is
5m
15. The distances of C and D from A are 4.5 m and 5 m respectively.
41
(a) Find the length of the ladder. B D
(b) Find the distance between the flagpole and the vertical wall.
(c) Find the angle of elevation of C from B.

16. In the figure, the height of a vertical tree is 21 m. Bird A is at the top of the tree. B
Bird B is flying in the sky. Prey P is on the horizontal ground. A, B, C and P lie on 66
the same vertical plane. The angles of depression of P from A and B are 31 and 43
A
66 respectively. The angle of elevation of B from A is 43. 31
(a) Find the horizontal distance between the prey and the tree. 21 m
(b) Find the distance between the two birds.
(c) Bird A flies straight to P at an average speed of 11 m/s. Bird B flies straight to C P

P at an average speed of 12 m/s. Both birds start to fly to P at the same time.
Which bird will arrive at the location of P first? Explain your answer.

17. In the figure, EF is a river. AB and CD are two vertical buildings. BEFD is a straight C
line on the horizontal ground. The angles of depression of E and F from A are 57 57
A
and 38 respectively. The angles of elevation of C from E and F are 55 and 70
38
respectively. It is given that CE = 115 m.
(a) Find the width of the river EF. 70
(b) Find the heights of the two buildings AB and CD. B E 55 F D
(c) Find the horizontal distance between the two buildings.
(d) Find the angle of depression of A from C.
N
18. In the figure, a car travels straight from town A to town C in 6 hours. The bearing N
A
of C from A is S49E. The bearings of A and C from town B are N75W and S27W 75
49 B
respectively. The distance between B and C is 165 km. 165 km
(a) Find BAC. (b) Find the average speed of the car.
C 27

F.4 Math Book B 7.18

19. In the figure, P, Q and R are three ports. The bearing of Q from P is 055. The N
143
bearing of R from Q is 143. P and R are 179 km apart. Q and R are 126 km apart. Q
(a) Find the distance between P and Q. N
55 126 km
(b) Find the bearing of P from R.
P
(c) A radar located at Q can detect any ship within 80 km. If a ship sails from P 179 km R
to R in a straight line, can the ship be detected by the radar? Explain your
answer.

20. In the figure, ABC is a triangular garden. B is 18 m from A. The bearings of B and C
N
C from A are S67E and N63E respectively. The bearing of C from B is N14W. 63 14
(a) Find the distance between A and C. A N

(b) Find the area of the garden ABC. 67

18 m
(c) A straight path from B to AC is built. Can the length of the path be shorter
B
than 13.5 m? Explain your answer.

21. In the figure, the bearing of town B from town A is 338. The bearing of town C N
from B is 228. The bearing of A from C is 086. The distance between A and B is 228
B
44 km. 44 km
N N
(a) Find ABC. 86
(b) Find the distance between A and C. A
C
(c) Town D is 22 km due south of C. 338
(i) Find the distance between A and D.
(ii) Find the bearing of D from B.

22. A logistics group owns three warehouses (A, B, C) and a triangular land ABC, as
B
C
shown in the figure. A and B are 30 m apart. The bearings of B and C from A are N
30 m
N21W and N59E respectively. The area of the triangular land ABC is 650 m2. 59
21
(a) Find the distance between A and C. A
(b) Find the bearing of B from C.
(c) A new warehouse D is built to replace warehouse C. D is 16 m apart from C.
The bearing of C from D is S33E. Is the area of the new triangular land ABD
smaller than that of the triangular land ABC? Explain your answer.

23. Two piers A and B are 125 km apart. The bearing of B from A is 160. Ship P leaves
A at a constant speed of 30 km/h in the direction of 223 and arrives at island C
after 3.5 hours.
(a) Find the distance between B and C.
(b) Find the shortest distance between B and P when P travels from A to C.
(c) Find the bearing of C from B.

F.4 Math Book B 7.19

 C

* 24. The figure shows four towns A, B, C and D. B and C are 84 km apart. The bearings
of B, C and D from A are S30E, N50E and S77E respectively. The bearings of N
C and D from B are N17E and N48E respectively. 50
N
A
(a) Find the distance between A and B.
77
(b) Find the distance between A and D. 17 D
30
(c) Find the bearing of C from D. N
48
(d) Now, car P travels from A to C in a straight line at a constant speed of 65
km/h. Ten minutes later, car Q travels from D to C in a straight line at a B

constant speed of 65 km/h. Which car will arrive at C first? Explain your
answer.

* 25. In the figure, ship A leaves port P at 9:30 a.m. and ship B leaves port Q at 10:00
a.m. on the same day. A sails at a constant speed of 24 km/h in the direction of N
052 and expects to arrive at island R at 2:00 p.m. on the same day. B sails at a 76 S
R
constant speed in the direction of 035 and expects to arrive at island S at 4:00 p.m.
A
on the same day. The bearing of Q from P is 138. The bearing of S from R is 076. N
52
The distance between P and Q is 71 km.
P 138
(a) (i) Find the distance between P and R. 35
N B
(ii) Find the distance between Q and S. 71 km
(b) Find the constant speed of ship B. Q
(c) Ship B strikes a reef and stops moving at 1:00 p.m. The captain of ship B
immediately sends out an SOS. At 1:30 p.m., ship A starts to sail at a constant
speed of 40 km/h to ship B in a straight line.
(i) Find the reduced bearing of ship B from ship A at 1:30 p.m.
(ii) Can ship A arrive at the location of ship B before 3:00 p.m.? Explain your
answer.

F.4 Math Book B 7.20

F4 Mathematics Chapter 7 Applications to Trigonometry

7.5 Consolidation Exercise - Angles and Lines in 3-dimensional Figures

[In this exercise, unless otherwise stated, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.]

Level 1
1. In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a cuboid. BG = 5 cm, EH = 9 cm and GH = 4 cm. H 4 cm
9 cm G
I is the mid-point of AB. Find the length of HI.
E 5 cm
F
C B
D I
A

2. The figure shows a right prism box ABCDEF whose base DEF is an isosceles C
A 50
triangle. DE = EF = 21 cm, AE = 18 cm and ABC = 50. A straight thin rod is
18 cm B
placed inside the box touching A and the side DF. Find the shortest possible length D
E
of the rod. 21 cm F

3. The figure shows a cuboid ABCDEFGH. AB = 7 cm, BC = 9 cm and AF = 15 cm. F E

15 cm
(a) Find the angle between the lines CE and EH. D
A G H
(b) Find the angle between the lines AC and CF. 7 cm
B 9 cm C
4. In the figure, PABCD is a pyramid whose base ABCD is a rectangle. PC is P
perpendicular to the plane ABCD. AB = 24 cm, BC = 27 cm and PC = 16 cm. 16 cm
(a) Find the angle between the line PA and the plane PCD. D C
(b) Find the angle between the line PA and the plane ABCD. 27 cm

A 24 cm B
5. The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF with a triangular base ABC. BC = 11 cm, B
CD = 6 cm, ABC = 90 and BAC = 40. 11 cm
A 40 F
(a) Find the angle between the line CE and the plane DEF. C
(b) Find the angle between the line CE and the plane BCDF. 6 cm
E
D

6. In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a cuboid. AB = 10 cm and DE = 12 cm. M and N are D 12 cm E

the mid-points of BG and CH respectively. Find the angle between the planes
A F
ABCD and AMND. H
C N
10 cm
B M G
7. The figure shows a triangular pyramid ABCD. AB is perpendicular to the plane A
BCD. AB = BC = 6 cm, BD = 8 cm and CBD = 90.
(a) Find the exact value of sin BDC.
B
(b) Hence, find the angle between the planes ACD and BCD.
F.4 Math Book B 7.21 D
C
8. The figure shows a cube ABCDEFGH of side 5 cm. E H
(a) Find the angle between the lines AE and EG. G
F
(b) Find the acute angle between the planes AEG and EFGH. D
5 cm C
5 cm
A 5 cm B

9. The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF with triangular base ABC. AB = 15 cm, A 15 cm
44 B
AC = 13 cm, BF = 19 cm and BAC = 44. 13 cm
(a) Find the angle between the line CF and the plane ABC. C 19 cm
(b) Find the angle between the planes ACDE and BCDF. E
F

10. The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF whose base ABC is an isosceles triangle. E 11 cm A
5 cm
AB = AC = 5 cm, BC = 4 cm and AE = 11 cm. G is the mid-point of DF. F
B
(a) Find the angle between the planes ABFE and BCDF. G 4 cm
D C
(b) Find the angle between the lines AG and CG.

11. The figure shows a tetrahedron ABCD. AB is perpendicular to the plane BCD. AB A
= 20 cm, BC = 25 cm, CD = 21 cm and BDC = 52. D
(a) Find CBD. 20 cm
52
21 cm
(b) Find the angle between the line AD and the plane BCD.
B
25 cm C

12. The figure shows a pyramid PABCD whose base ABCD is a rectangle. X is the P
mid-point of AB and PX is perpendicular to the plane ABCD. AB = 20 cm, PB = 19
19 cm
cm and ADX = 50. C
(a) Find the height of the pyramid. D B
X
(b) Find the angle between the lines AD and PD. 20 cm
50 A

F.4 Math Book B 7.22

13. The figure shows a right prism whose base ABC is an equilateral triangle. AB = 8 20 cm E
A
cm and AE = 20 cm. 8 cm
(a) Find the angle between the lines BD and BE. B F
D
(b) Find the angle between the planes BDE and DEF.
C
(c) Is the angle between the line BE and the plane DEF greater than the angle
obtained in (b)? Explain your answer without finding the angle between the
line BE and the plane DEF.

Level 2
14. The figure shows a cuboid ABCDEFGH, where ABCD is a square of side 8 cm and E F
11 cm
AF = 11 cm. M and N are the mid-points of BC and CH respectively.
D A
(a) Find the angle between the lines AM and AN. H G
8 cm
(b) Find the angle between the line AN and the plane BCHG. N
C M B

15. The figure shows a cuboid ABCDEFGH. M and N are the mid-points of AB and
EH respectively. BE and MN intersect at I. AB = 18 cm, AF = 10 cm and BC = 18 cm B 5 cm
M C
5 cm. A
(a) Find the length of BE. D
10 cm I
G
(b) Find BIM. H
F N
E

16. The figure shows a triangular pyramid ABCD. AD is perpendicular to the plane A
BCD. AB = 16 cm, BAD = 42, BCD = 40 and 42 16 cm
CBD = 45.
(a) Find the angle between the line AC and the plane BCD. D
45 B
(b) Find the angle between the planes ABC and BCD. 40
C

17. The figure shows a right triangular prism ABCDEF. M is the projection of B on F
8 cm
the plane ACDE. AB = AC = 5 cm, BF = 8 cm and BAC = 70.
B
(a) Find the angle between the lines CF and FM. D
5 cm E
(b) Find the angle between the planes CFM and BCDF. 70
A M C
5 cm
18. The figure shows a cube ABCDEFGH of side 8 cm. M is the mid-point of EH. E M H
(a) Find the angle between the planes ACM and ABCD.
(b) Find the angle between the planes ACM and CDEH. F G
D C

A 8 cm B
19. The figure shows a regular tetrahedron ABCD of side 5 cm. A
(a) Find the angle between the planes ABC and BCD. 5 cm
D
(b) Find the shortest distance between A and the plane BCD. B

F.4 Math Book B 7.23

20. The figure shows a right pyramid VABCD whose base ABCD is a rectangle. VO is V
perpendicular to the plane ABCD. AB = 7 cm, BC = 9 cm and ABV = 75.
(a) Find the length of VO.
D C
(b) Find the angle between the lines VB and BC. O
9 cm
(c) Find the angle between the planes VAB and ABCD. 75
A
7 cm B

21. The figure shows a right pyramid VABCD whose base ABCD is a square of side 9 V 60
cm. BVC = 60 and VN is perpendicular to the plane ABCD. X and Y are the mid- C
D
points of AB and AD respectively.
9 cm
(a) Find the height of the pyramid. Y N
(b) Find the angle between the lines VX and VY. A X B
(c) Find the angle between the planes VAB and VAD.

22. The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF whose base ABC is a triangle. G is the D
9 cm
mid-point of EF. AB = 6 cm, CD = 15 cm, BC = 8 cm and DE = 9 cm.
E
(a) Find the length of CG. G F 15 cm

(b) Find the angle between the line CG and the plane ABC.
C
(c) Find the angle between the planes BCG and ABC.
A 8 cm
6 cm
B
23. The figure shows a right triangular prism ABCDEF, where the base ABC is an E
9 cm
acute-angled triangle. AE = 9 cm, BC = 7 cm, BAC = 35 and DAE = 50. A
50
(a) Find the length of AF.
(b) Find the angle between the lines AF and AD. 35 F D
(c) Find the angle between the planes ADF and BCDF.
B 7 cm C

24. The figure shows a tetrahedron ABCD. AD = 10 cm, BC = 6 cm, ACD = 2x, A
BAC = x, ABD = 68 and ABC = ADC = 90. 10 cm x
(a) Find x.
D
[Hint: You may use the formula sin 2 = 2 sin  cos  without proof.] 2x 68
(b) Find the length of BD.
C 6 cm B
(c) Let E be a point on AC such that DE  AC. Is BED the angle between the
planes ABC and ACD? Explain your answer.

F.4 Math Book B 7.24

 25. The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF whose base ADE is a right-angled triangle.
ADE = 90, AD = 12 cm, DE = 9 cm and AFE = 25. G is a point on AB such E F
25
that AG : BG = 6 : 5. 9 cm
(a) Find the angle between the line AF and the plane ABCD. D C
12 cm B
(b) Find the angle between the lines EG and FG. A G

(c) Let H be a movable point on AG and  be the angle between the line FH and
the plane ABCD. John claims that when H moves from G to A,  increases.
Do you agree? Explain your answer.

* 26. Fig. I shows a wooden rectangular block ABCDEFGH, where AB = 10 cm, AF = 8 cm and EF = 20 cm. X and Z
are the mid-points of AB and EF respectively. Y is a point on AD such that FZ = 2AY. A geometric model is made
by cutting off the solid AXYZFG from ABCDEFGH as shown in Fig. II. Denote the plane BCDYX be plane .
E H E H
20 cm Z
F G F G
D C D C
8 cm Y
A 10 cm B Fig. I A X B Fig. II

(a) Find XGZ.

(b) Find the angle between the planes GXYZ and .
(c) Find the area of GXYZ.
(d) Is the angle between the line GX and plane  greater than the angle between the line ZY and plane ? Explain
your answer without finding these two angles.

* 27. Fig. I shows a wooden block VABC in the form of a right pyramid. The base ABC is an equilateral triangle of side
24 cm and VA = 12 2 cm. VX is perpendicular to the plane ABC. D, E and F are the mid-points of AB, AC and BC
respectively. Let M and N be points on VA and VC respectively such that MN is parallel to AC. A geometric model
is made by cutting off the pyramid VBMN from VABC as shown in Fig. II. The area of △ABM is 60 cm2.
V C V N C

F
B E B
X M
D
A Fig. I A Fig. II

(a) Find the height (VX) of the wooden block.

(b) Find the length of AM and leave the radical sign ‘√’ in the answer.
Hence, find ABM.
(c) Let  be the angle between the plane BMN and the base ABC.
(i) Find .
(ii) Let  be the angle between the line BM and the base ABC. Which one of  and  is greater? Explain your
answer.

F.4 Math Book B 7.25

F4 Mathematics Chapter 7 Applications to Trigonometry

7.6 Consolidation Exercise - Problems in Three Dimensions

[In this exercise, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.]

Level 1
A
1. In the figure, AB represents a vertical pillar. B, C and D are three points on the
same horizontal ground. The elevation of A from C is 35. If CD = 70 m, BCD B 35
125 25 C
= 25 and CBD = 125, find the height of the pillar.
D 70 m

2. In the figure, A, B and C are three points on the same horizontal ground. A tree TC T
stands vertically on the ground. A gardener observes that the angle of depression 23
of B from T is 23. AB = 16 m, AC = 10 m and BAC = 60. C
(a) Find the height of the tree. B
60 10 m
(b) Using Heron’s formula, find the area of the triangle formed by A, B and C.
16 m
A
3. In the figure, AB is a vertical building. B, C and D are three points on the same A
horizontal ground. The angle of elevation of A from C is 50. BC = 90 m, BDC
= 66 and CBD = 34.
(a) Find the height of the building AB. D
66 34 B
(b) Find the angle of elevation of A from D. 90 m
C 50

4. The figure shows a firework display. Ships A, B and C are on the same sea level. T 32
C
The fireworks explode at T, which is vertically above A. The angle of elevation
of T from C is 32. AB = x m, AC = 2x m, BC = 170 m and BAC = 120. B 120 2x m
xm
(a) Find the value of x. A
(b) Find the angle of elevation of T from B.

5. In the figure, ABCD is a rectangular inclined plane. ABEF is the horizontal plane. C D
ABEF and CDEF are rectangles. F and E are the projections of C and D on the 15 cm
plane ABEF respectively. If AD = 22 cm, AF = 12 cm and BD = 15 cm, find the F E
12 cm
inclination of AD. A B

F.4 Math Book B 7.26

6. In the figure, ABFE is a rectangular hillside. ABCD and CDEF are rectangles. E is E F

25 m above the horizontal plane ABCD. BF = 48 m and BAF = 35. 25 m 48 m

(a) Find the inclination of the hillside. D 35 C
A B
(b) Find the inclination of the path AF.

7. In the figure, ABCD represents a rectangular inclined plane of inclination 40. D C

ABFE is a rectangle on the horizontal plane. AB = 65 m and BC = 50 m. 50 m
E F
(a) Find the height of D above the horizontal plane. 40
A 65 m B
(b) Find the inclination of the path BD.

T
8. In the figure, P, Q and R are three points on the same horizontal plane. Q is due
N
east of P and R is due south of P. The angle of elevation of the top of a vertical 85 m
40
building QT from P is 40. If QR = 120 m and QT = 85 m, find the bearing E
P Q
of Q from R. 120 m

9. In the figure, HA is a building. A, B and C lie on the same horizontal ground, where H
N
C is 120 m due east of A and ABC = 50. The angle of elevation of the top H of N
the building from B is 28 and BH = 128 m. 120 m
A E
(a) Find the reduced bearing of B from C. C
128 m
28
(b) Find the area of the triangle formed by A, B and C.
50

10. In the figure, P, Q and R are three points on the same horizontal plane. Q is due
west of P and R is due south of P. A hot air balloon T is vertically above P and its
T
height PT is 160 m. The angles of elevation of T from Q and R are 35 and 30 160 m
N
respectively. 35
Q E
(a) Find the distance between Q and R. P
(b) Find the whole circle bearing of Q from R. 30

11. In the figure, A, B and C are three points on the same horizontal plane. C is 20 m T
due east of A. A tree AT of height 12 m stands vertically on the ground. The angle 12 m
A
of elevation of T from B is 18 and BC = 45 m. 20 m N
18
(a) Find the bearing of B from C.
(b) Find the area of the triangle formed by A, B and C. C E
45 m
B

F.4 Math Book B 7.27

 T
12. In the figure, TA is vertical tower of height 18 m. A, B and C are three points on N
18 m
the same horizontal plane. C is due south of A. The angles of elevation of T from
37 A E
B and C are 37 and 32 respectively. The bearing of B from A is S69W. B 69
(a) Find the distance between B and C.
32
(b) Find the bearing of C from B.
C

Level 2
13. In the figure, a piece of rectangular paper cardboard ABCD is hung from a point V V
by four strings of the same length. The total length of the strings is 36 cm. The
D
angle between the string VB and the side AB is 65. The angle between the string C
VB and the side BC is 55. Find the height of V above the cardboard. A 55
65

B
14. In the figure, ABC is a triangular grassland. D is the mid-point of BC. TE is a
T
vertical tower equidistant from A, B and C. A, B, C, D and E lie on the same
horizontal plane. AED is a straight line. The distance between B and C is 60 m. A

The angle of elevation of T from D is 56. AD  BC and BCE = 60. B

56 E
(a) Find the height of the tower.
D
(b) Find the angle of depression of A from T. 60 m 60
(c) Find the distance between A and B. C

15. In the figure, PA is a vertical pillar. AB, BC and AC are three straight paths, where P
BAC = 57. A, B and C lie on the same horizontal plane. The angles of elevation
of P from B and C are 28 and 35 respectively. The length of the path AB is 65 m.
A
(a) Find the length of the path BC. 28 57
65 m
(b) D is a point on BC such that BD : CD = 3 : 5. B 35
(i) Find the distance between A and D.
C
(ii) Find the angle of elevation of P from D.

16. In the figure, A, B and C lie on the same horizontal ground, where AC = 70 m T
and ACB = 35. D is a point on AB such that BD = 38 m. T is a kite vertically
above A. The angles of elevation of T from B and D are 27 and 39 respectively. A
70 m 27
(a) Find the height of the kite above the ground. 39
C 35
D
(b) Find the angle of elevation of T from C.
B
(c) Another kite P is vertically above B. If the elevation of P from C is greater
than the angle obtained in (b), is the height of P above the ground greater than
110 m? Explain your answer.

F.4 Math Book B 7.28

17. In the figure, ABCD is a rectangular inclined plane, where AB = 36 m and BC = 26 X
m. ABEF is the horizontal plane. E and F are the projections of C and D on the plane C Y D
ABEF respectively. XY is a flagpole vertically erected on CD. Z is the projection 53 32
26 m
E
of Y on the plane ABEF. The angle of elevation of X from B is 53. AF = 14 m and Z
F
14 m
DAY = 32. B 36 m A
(a) Find the inclinations of AY and BY.
(b) Find the height of the flagpole.
(c) Find the angle of elevation of X from A.
(d) Let P be a point on DY. Describe how the inclination of AP varies as P moves
from Y to D. Explain your answer.

18. In the figure, ABCD is a rectangular inclined plane. ABFE is the horizontal plane.
66 m
M is a point on CD. N is the projection of M on the plane ABEF. O is a point on D M C
AB. The inclination of the path BM is 24. BC = 35 m, CD = 66 m, BNO = 90 N F
E 35 m
and CBM = 46.
24 46
(a) Find the inclination of BC. B
AO
(b) Find the distance between O and B.
(c) Find OMB.
(d) Peter runs straight from A to O and then straight from O to M at a constant
speed of 5 m/s. Jason runs straight from B to M at a constant speed of 8 m/s.
If they start running at the same time, who will arrive at M first? Explain your
answer.

19. In the figure, TE is a vertical tower of height 16 m. ABXW is the horizontal ground. T
16 m
The inclinations of the rectangular inclined planes ABCF and CDEF are 31 and E D

53 respectively. AB = 90 m, AF = 55 m and EF = 80 m. 80 m 53

(a) Find the height of D above the horizontal ground. Z
F C
(b) Find the angle of elevation of T from B. 55 m X
W
(c) Let N be a point on FC such that the angle of elevation of T from N is the A
Y
90 m B 31
same as the angle of elevation of T from B. Which point, F or C, is nearer to
N? Explain your answer.

20. In the figure, C, X and Y are three points on the horizontal plane. The bearings of
X and Y from C are N67W and S78W respectively. A and B are two helicopters
vertically above X and Y respectively. The distance between B and Y is 72 m. The B
A
angle of elevation of B from C is 38. AC = 70 m and CX = 50 m. 70 m
67
(a) Find the distance between X and Y. 72 m N
X
(b) Find the bearing of B from A. 50 m
38 E
C
(c) Find the angle of elevation of B from A. 78
Y

F.4 Math Book B 7.29

21. In the figure, P is a satellite vertically above A. A, B and C are three points on the same horizontal plane. Ship S
leaves B at 1:00 p.m. It sails at a speed of 35 km/h in the direction 210 and arrives at C at 7:00 p.m. The bearing
of B from A is 055. The angle of elevation of P from B is 29 and BP = 180 km.
P N
180 km
B
N 29
55 210
A
S

C
(a) Find the bearing of A from C.
(b) Let   be the angle of elevation of P from ship S.
(i) Find the value of  when S is at C.
(ii) Wilson claims that the maximum value of  occurs before 5:00 p.m. Do you agree? Explain your answer
and find the maximum value of .

22. In the figure, a triangular metal plate ABC is perpendicular to the horizontal ground and B is due south of A. ABC
is an obtuse angle. D is the projection of C on the horizontal ground. Under the light ray of a torch, the shadow of
△ABC on the horizontal ground is △ABF. The area of the shadow ABF is 200 cm2. AC = 40 cm, AF = 65 cm,
ACB = 24 and BAF = 18.
light ray
C

40 cm 24

A B
N
D
18 65 cm
F
(a) Find the height of C above the horizontal ground.
(b) Find the angle of elevation of C from F.
(c) Find the reduced bearing of the torch from F.
(d) The torch is turned such that the distance between C and F keeps unchanged. Can the area of the shadow
exceed 345 cm2? Explain your answer.

F.4 Math Book B 7.30

23. In Fig. I, ABC is a triangular paper card. D is a point lying on AB such that CD is perpendicular to AB. It is given
that AC = 10 cm, CBD = 60 and CAD = 45. The paper card is folded along CD such that △ACD lies on the
horizontal plane as shown in Fig. II.

C C
B
10 cm

45 60 A
A B D
D
Fig. I Fig. II

(a) Find the lengths of AD and BD.

(b) Refer to Fig. II.
(i) If the distance between A and B is 6 cm, find the angle between the plane BCD and the horizontal plane.
(ii) Describe how the volume of the tetrahedron ABCD varies when ADB decreases from 100 to 50.
Explain your answer.
(iii) Suppose the distance between A and B is fixed. Let P be a movable point on CD. If P moves from C to
D, does the inclination of BP increase or decrease? Explain your answer.

24. Fig. I shows a piece of pentagonal paper card ABCDE, where AB = AE = 20 cm, BC = DE = 10 cm and ABC =
AED = 75.
A

20 cm

B 75 E
10 cmC D
Fig. I

(a) Suppose that 8 cm  CD  30 cm.

(i) Find the length of AC.
(ii) Describe how the area of the paper card varies when CD increases from 8 cm to 30 cm. Explain your
answer.
(b) The paper card is folded along AC and AD such that AB and AE join together to form a pyramid as shown in
Fig. II. In Fig. II, AC and AD lie on the horizontal ground. Suppose that CD = 11 cm.
A B, E

C
Fig. II
(i) Find the height of the pyramid from the vertex B to the base △ACD.
(ii) Find the angle between the plane ABC and the horizontal ground.

F.4 Math Book B 7.31

* 25. Fig. I shows a piece of triangular paper card ABC, where AB = 36 cm and AC = 22 cm. D and E are points on AB
such that AD = BE = DE and CE  AC. F is a point on AC such that DF  AC. The paper card is folded along EC
and DF such that AF and CF lie on the horizontal ground as shown in Fig. II.
E B
B
36 cm E D
D C G
F
A C 40
F 68 A
22 cm
Fig. I Fig. II
(a) Refer to Fig. I.
(i) Find the length of BC.
(ii) Find ABC.
(b) Refer to Fig. II. G is the projection of B on the horizontal ground. It is given that AFC = 68 and AGC =
40.
(i) Find the distance between A and G on the horizontal ground.
(ii) Find the angle between the planes BCE and CEDF.
(iii) The location of the plane BCE is adjusted by folding along EC so that the distance between A and B is
the shortest. The locations of the planes AFD and CEDF keep unchanged. Then, a straight thin string with
end points A and B is used to fix the paper card. Is the length of the string greater than 15 cm? Explain
your answer.

F.4 Math Book B 7.32

 31. (a) 69.5 (b) 30.6 cm
Answers 32. (a) 9.61 cm (b) 11.6 cm
7.1 Consolidation Exercise 33. (a) 10.2 cm (b) △ADC
1. 6.13 34. (a) 33.3 (b) 16.4 cm
2. 6.91 35. (a) 14.4 cm (b) 10.1 cm
3. 3.85 36. (a) BC = 7.74 cm, CD = 5.97 cm
4. 5.90 (b) 47.3 cm2
5. 2.07 37. (a) yes
6. 4 (b) AF = 28.2 cm, CD = 13.7 cm
7. B = 57, AC = 26.0 cm, BC = 17.8 cm (c) no
8. C = 35, AC = 12.4 cm, BC = 27.8 cm 38. (b) yes (c) 43.3 cm
9. B = 52, AB = 27.9 cm, BC = 18.3 cm 39. 78.8 cm
10. 40.1 40. 69.6 cm2
11. 33.5 41. (a) CGD = 51.0, CD = 12.2 cm
12. 71.0 (b) ABC = 44.1, ACB = 25.5,
13. 30 BAC = 110, AC = 12.9 cm,
14. 76.8 BC = 17.4 cm
15. 135
16. no 7.2 Consolidation Exercise
17. yes, 32.7 1. 5.18 2. 14.2
18. no 3. 25.4 4. 14.0
19. no 5. 58.8 6. 55.1
20. (a) 48 (b) 68.3 7. 84.6 8. 30.8
21. (a) 6 (b) 1.91 cm 9. 143
22. (a) 34.8 (b) no 10. B = 38.3, C = 112, BC = 8.07 cm
23. (a) 7.69 cm (b) 26.7 cm 11. D = 50.8, F = 24.2, DF = 21.2 cm
24. (a) 69.2 or 111 (b) 85.8 or 94.2 12. X = 19.7, Y = 125, Z = 35.4
(c) 23.9 13. (a) 7.87 cm (b) 13.2 cm
25. (a) yes, B = 136, a = 25.2 cm, b = 34.0 cm (c) 48.7 cm (d) 38.3 cm
(b) yes, N = 86,  = 3.87 cm, m = 2.59 cm 14. (a) 80.3 (b) 98.4
(c) yes, D = 50, e = 22.4 cm, f = 11.1 cm 15. 65.9
26. (a) no 16. (a) 9.82 cm (b) 43.7
(b) yes, P = 62.1, R = 18.9, r = 6.23 cm 17. 129
(c) yes, R = 111, S = 48.0, r = 10.7 cm or 18. 16.9 cm
R = 27.0, S = 132, r = 5.19 cm 19. (a) 20.0 (b) 46.6
(d) yes, X = 66.7, Z = 62.3, z = 6.27 cm or 20. (a) A = 28.8, C = 20.2, b = 50.2 cm
X = 113, Z = 15.7, z = 1.92 cm (b) E = 92.2, F = 34.8, d = 11.2 cm
27. (a) DF = 10.5 cm or DF  21 cm (c) P = 43.6, Q = 97.8, R = 38.7
(b) 10.5 cm < DF < 21 cm 21. BD = 17.0 cm, AC = 32.0 cm
28. (a) 19.5 (b) 1.52 22. (a) 11.6 cm (b) 37.4
29. (a) 3:1:1 (b) 19.4 cm 23. (a) AC = 13.5 cm, CD = 9.51 cm
30. (a) 9.53 cm (b) 43.5 cm (b) 110
7.33
24. (a) 11.7 cm (b) 20.3 10.  = 61.3, area = 94.7 cm2
25. (a) 10.4 cm (b) 40.6 cm 11. (a) 45.9 cm2 (b) 166 cm2
26. (a) 34.2 cm (b) 84.1 cm 12. (a) 39.7 cm2 (b) 42 cm2
27. (a) 63 (b) no (c) 39.6 cm2
28. (a) 12.7 cm 13. (a) 46.4 cm2 (b) 6.19
2
(b) obtuse-angled triangle 14. (a) 75.5 cm (b) 13.7 cm
2
29. (a) 65.1 (b) 71.4 cm 15. (a) 50.0 cm (b) 5.20 cm
30. (a) CD = 14.4 cm, AD = 24.6 cm 16. 61.3, 119
(b) 138 17. (a) 10.1 m2 (b) 363 cm2
31. 36.8 cm 18. (a) 10.2 m (b) 11.6 cm
2
32. (a) 17 (b) 16.8 19. 85.7 cm
33. (a) 5.21 cm (b) 5.55 cm 20. (a) 8.55 cm (b) 38.6 cm2
(c) 5.55 cm 21. (a) QR = 15 cm, PR = 40 cm, PQ = 30 cm
34. (a) DE = 8.05 cm, AE = 8.64 cm (b) 191 cm2 (c) 9.56 cm
(b) no (c) 49.4 cm 22. (a) X = 105, Y = 35, Z = 40, YZ = 17.1 cm,
35. (a) 14.0 cm (b) 19.9 XZ = 10.2 cm, XY = 11.4 cm
(c) 211 (b) 6.54 cm
 15 675  23. (a) 13.6 cm (b) 126
36. (a)  , 
2 4  24. A = 11.9, C = 38.1, AB = 25.7 cm,
2
(b) (i) p  15 p  225 cm BC = 8.55 cm, AC = 31.8 cm
(ii) no 25. E = 117, F = 19.9, DE = 6.27 cm,
37. (a) BD = 3.26 cm, DE = 8.06 cm DF = 16.4 cm, EF = 12.5 cm
(b) no 26. (a) 40.5, 140
38. (a) AE = 13.9 cm, BC = 12.5 cm (b) (i) 90 (ii) 115.5 cm2
(b) AEB = 46.5, GIE = 103 27. (a) 131 (b) 556 cm2
(c) AGH = 59.5, AHG = 30.0, 28. 24.0 cm2
GAH = 90.5, AG = 4.03 cm, 29. (a) 60.5 cm2
AH = 6.95 cm (b) BCD = 42.8, BDC = 88.0,
CBD = 49.2, BC = 15.3 cm,
7.3 Consolidation Exercise BD = 10.4 cm, CD = 11.6 cm
2 2
1. (a) 39.9 cm (b) 15.5 cm 30. (a) 71.8 cm2
(c) 31.9 cm2 (b) AB = 10.5 cm, AD = 9.57 cm
2. (a) 12.7 (b) 21.8 (c) 21.5 cm2
(c) 9.17 31. (a) 28.7 cm
3. (a) 41.2 (b) 124 (b) QRT = 54.7, QTR = 85.7,
(c) 125 RQT = 39.7, QR = 16.2 cm,
4. 41.8 QT = 13.2 cm, RT = 10.4 cm
5. (a) 10.9 cm (b) 11.7 cm (c) 162 cm2
6. (a) 80.6 (b) 27.0 cm 32. (b) 140
7. (a) 39.7 (b) 12.1 33. (a) AD = 11.3 cm, PQ = 2.67 cm
2
8. q = 7.41 cm, area = 31.4 cm (b) area of ABCDE = 84.3 cm2,
9. r = 16.8 cm, area = 108 cm2 area of MNOPQ = 12.3 cm2
7.34
34. (a) AB = 15.1 cm, BAD = 72.7 (c) 98.6 m
2 2
(b) 44.7 cm (c) 20.5 cm (d) 24.0
35. (a) no (b) 70.3 18. (a) 26
2
36. (a) 3.57 cm (b) 25.4 cm (b) 61.4 km/h
(c) 2.55 cm 19. (a) 123 km
1 (b) 280
37. (a) ar cm2
2 (c) no
(c) (i) 238 cm2 (ii) 6.10 cm
20. (a) 14.8 m
(iii) 23.8 cm
(b) 102 m2
(c) no
7.4 Consolidation Exercise 21. (a) 70
1. 49.8
(b) 67.2 km
2. 50.4
(c) (i) 72.1 km
3. 98.5 m
(ii) 217
4. (a) 62.0 m
22. (a) 44.0 m
(b) 32.0 m
(b) N83.7W
5. (a) 101 m
(c) yes
(b) 93.8 m
23. (a) 121 km
6. (a) 40.8
(b) 111 km
(b) 8.39 m
(c) 290
7. 10.6 s
24. (a) 46.5 km
8. 194 m
(b) 55.5 km
9. (a) 58
(c) N6.79W
(b) 109 km
(d) P
10. (a) N13.2W
25. (a) (i) 108 km
(b) 118 km
(ii) 163 km
11. (a) 12.5 km
(b) 27.1 km/h
(b) S70.5W
(c) (i) S22.2E
12. (a) 34.0 m
(ii) yes
(b) 041.7
(c) 138 m2
7.5 Consolidation Exercise
13. (a) 228 km
1. 7.83 cm
(b) 353
2. 24.1 cm
14. 55.6 m
3. (a) 65.0
15. (a) 4.48 m
(b) 52.8
(b) 4.35 m
4. (a) 43.1
(c) 45.6
(b) 23.9
16. (a) 34.9 m
5. (a) 19.3
(b) 24.7 m
(b) 46.3
(c) B
6. 31.0
17. (a) 31.7 m 3
7. (a)
(b) AB: 50.2 m, CD: 94.2 m 5

7.35
 (b) 51.3 25. (a) 14.7
8. (a) 60 (b) 93.7
(b) 54.7 (c) no
9. (a) 60.7 26. (a) 68.0
(b) 78.0 (b) 66.2
10. (a) 66.4 (c) 92.8 cm2
(b) 24.7 (d) no
11. (a) 41.4 27. (a) 9.80 cm
(b) 32.3 (b) AM = 5 2 cm, ABM = 14.7
12. (a) 16.2 cm (c) (i) 12.8
(b) 66.2 (ii) 
13. (a) 21.4
(b) 70.9 7.6 Consolidation Exercise
(c) no 1. 29.9 m
14. (a) 31.4 2. (a) 5.94 m
(b) 39.5 (b) 69.3 m2
15. (a) 21.2 cm 3. (a) 107 m
(b) 58.2 (b) 47.9
16. (a) 45.3 4. (a) 64.3
(b) 57.5 (b) 51.3
17. (a) 19.5 5. 24.1
(b) 16.9 6. (a) 31.4
18. (a) 70.5 (b) 17.4
(b) 48.2 7. (a) 32.1 m
19. (a) 70.5 (b) 23.1
(b) 4.08 cm 8. N57.6E or 057.6
9. (a) S43.8W
20. (a) 12.3 cm (b) 6 740 m2
(b) 70.6 10. (a) 359 m
(c) 69.8 (b) 320
21. (a) 6.36 cm 11. (a) S36.1W or 216
(b) 48.2 (b) 364 m2
(c) 109 12. (a) 30.1 m
22. (a) 17.0 cm (b) S47.8E or 132
(b) 62.0 13. 6.32 cm
(c) 78.9 14. (a) 77.0 m
23. (a) 15.1 cm (b) 52.1
(b) 27.5 (c) 116 m
(c) 49.8 15. (a) 56.3 m
24. (a) 33.6 (b) (i) 53.0 m
(b) 8.83 cm (ii) 33.1
(c) no 16. (a) 52.2 m
7.36
 (b) 36.7
(c) yes
17. (a) AY: 45.6, BY: 42.1
(b) 10.2 m
(c) 56.3
18. (a) 35.8
(b) 58.5 m
(c) 78.4
(d) Jason
19. (a) 92.2 m
(b) 39.5
(c) C
20. (a) 58.7 m
(b) S48.7W
(c) 21.4
21. (a) 345
(b) (i) 42.7
(ii) no, 52.7
22. (a) 20.5 cm
(b) 31.0
(c) N36.2E
(d) no
23. (a) AD = 7.07 cm, BD = 4.08 cm
(b) (i) 57.9
(iii) increases
24. (a) (i) 19.9 cm
(b) (i) 8.30 cm
(ii) 58.8
25. (a) (i) 18.1 cm
(ii) 29.0
(b) (i) 18.5 cm
(ii) 161
(iii) no

7.37