Auto leveler
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Without auto leveler we do not correct errors but avoid them. Auto leveler may be off 3 types.
1. Short term auto leveling system (for lengths of product from 10-12 cm)
2. Medium term auto leveling system (for length above 3m)
3. Long term Auto leveling system (for length above 20m)
Whatever be the system, the design of an auto leveler falls into two groups.
1. Open loop auto leveler
2. Closed loop auto leveler
Open loop auto leveler
In open loop auto leveler sliver weight is measured from input material. Here the measurement of
sliver irregularity is expressed in terms of voltage and is compared with a desired value (DV). The
resulting error signal is amplified (A) and after a suitable time delay (TD) its signal is used to vary
the speed of variable speed device (S). A tachogenerator (TG) ensures that the variable speed
device accurately follows the signal.
Advantages:
1. Accurate regularity maintaining is possible.
2. Piecing which arises from combing can be partly eliminated by open loop system.
3. Suitable for control the variation of short to medium wavelength.
Disadvantages:
1. If the measuring be sensor is improper, it is not possible to control the regularity.
Closed loop Auto leveler:
In closed loop auto leveler system sliver weight is measuring (M) from the output material and the
resulting signal is integrated (I). Then the signal is compared with the desired level. After
amplification (A), the variable speed devices (S) vary the speed of the drafting rollers. Because of
the absence of any averaging device this would cause irregularities in output.
Advantages:
1. Suitable for compensating errors of long wave length.
2. It can be used in error raw frame.
3. A part of faults can be eliminated by it in first passage.
Disadvantages:
1. It cannot eliminate piecing as finely as open loop auto leveling system.
2. It is very costly.
After going through closed loop auto leveling system the sliver needs a second passage for
eliminating other faults.
Autoleveller can be categorized into three main sets in line with the basic principle of operation:
1. Open loop autoleveller,
2. Closed loop autoleveller and
3. Combined loop autoleveller.
1. Open-loop system:
In this system, there is no measuring on final sliver. In other words the alterations in draft are
uniquely established on the mass deviation in the feed material. Almost all of the autoleveller draw
frames are functioning on the principle of OPEN LOOP control system.
2. Closed-loop system:
In this system, the checking is completed on the product of the progression i.e. on delivered sliver.
In other words, the closed loop autoleveller measures the consequence of its specific
accomplishment.
Closeloop auto-lever is batter than openloop auto lever
open loop system the desired output does not depend on the control action but closed loop system
the desired output depends on the control action of the system.
Key Differences between Open Loop and Closed Loop System
1. The open loop system means the output of the system is free from their input. In the closed-loop
system, the desired output depends on their input.
2. The open loop system is called the non-feedback system while the closed loop is the feedback
system.
3. The control and controlled process are the two components of the open loop system. The closed
loop requires some components likes an amplifier, controller, controlled process, feedback system
etc.
4. The construction of systems is easy because few elements are used in the system. The
construction of the closed-loop system is quite difficult.
5. The open loop system is not reliable whereas the closed-loop system is reliable.
6. The accuracy of the system is less as compared to the closed-loop system.
7. The open loop system is more stable as compared to a closed loop system. Here the word stable
means the output of the system remains constant even after the disturbances.
8. The open loop system is not optimized, whereas the closed-loop system is optimized.
9. The open loop system gives the fast response, whereas the closed loop system gives the slow
response.
10. The calibration of open loop system is difficult as compared to the closed-loop system.
11. In an open loop system, the disturbance affected the output, whereas in a closed loop system the
output is not much affected by the disturbances.
12. The output control system has a non-linear response, whereas the input control system has linear
responses.
13. The traffic light, automatic washing machine, etc. are the examples of the output system,
whereas the temperature controller, toaster etc. are the examples of the closed-loop system.
Difference between open loop and close loop
- The open loop control principle, which can be used for the correction of fairly short term
variations, where the solid lines indicate the flow of fibers through the m/c & the broken lines
represent to flow of information in the autoleveller unit. The closed loop principle is illustrated in
(b); this system is used for the correction of long term & medium term variations.
- In open loop, If the direction of the arrows in (a) is followed from any starting point, it always
leads out into the open from the diagram at the place marked material by the control unit. In closed
loop if the direction of the arrows in (b), is following from any starting point except the delivery, is
always leads to a never-ending circuit of the loop which links the process & the control unit
together
- In open loop Measurement always takes place on the material prior to the material. Thus if
measurement is made on the input material, the correction may be applied to either the back rollers
or the front rollers. In closed loop measurement always takes place on the mtl after the point where
corrective action is applied. Thus if measurement is made on the output, the correction may be
applied to either the back rollers or the front rollers.
* In open loop the total volume of all slivers is measured at the infeed. In close loop the evenness of
the sliver delivered is measured rather than the infeed sliver.
* In open loop Adjustment is effected with the appropriate time delay in the main drafting zone, i.e.
the extent of the change is retained in a storage device until the measured deviation arrives at the
drafting point. In close loop In contrast to the open-loop control system, where the adjusting point
is located after the measuring point, the adjusting point in the closed-loop control system is located
in front of the measuring point.
* In open loop the ability to measure far greater sliver masses due to the lower infeed speed
(corresponding to the amount of draft). In close loop the measuring has to be performed at very
high speeds and with relatively small fiber masses, making high demands on the sensing device
and signal processing. Nevertheless, the adjustment is still made in the main drafting zone.
