Republika ng Pilipinas
KAGAWARAN NG EDUKASYON
Rehiyon IV-A CALABARZON
SANGAY NG BATANGAS
St. Blaise Community Academy, Inc.
San Luis, Batangas/ chs_sbca53@[Link]
043 – 740-960609997646638 / 09218539116
Name of Student: ___________________________________________________ Section: ________________________
Present Address: ____________________________________________________ Contact no. ____________________
Subject Matter: Science
Topic: Non-Mendelian Inheritance (Quarter 1- Module 4)
WHAT ARE YOU SUPPOSED TO LEARN?
After going through this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Define what non-Mendelian Inheritance.
2. Discuss the different pattern of non-Mendelian Inheritance.
3. Differentiate the different pattern of non-Mendelian Inheritance.
4.
WHAT I KNOW?
Directions: Analyze the questions and answer the following questions. Write your answer on the space provided.
_____1. Gregor Mendel is known as the father of ______.
a. Peace c. Genetics
b. Botany d. peas
_____2. Mendel’s principle of codominance states that __________.
a. Two different alleles of a specific single-gene trait are both expressed simultaneously.
b. No alleles are dominant over others.
c. Seed color is dominant over seed shape
d. Alleles segregate during gamete formation
_____3. A form of inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its paired allele.
a. Codominance c. Sex-linked traits
b. Incomplete dominance d. X-Linked Recessive traits
_____4. Are genetic characteristics determined by genes located on sex chromosomes?
a. Autosomes c. Codominance
b. Chromosomes d. Sex-linked traits
_____5. A sex-linked trait caused by gene mutation.
a. Hemophilia c. X-linked gene
b. Y-linked gene d. Multiple alleles
WHAT’S NEW?
“Looking for your Resemblance”
Procedure:
1. List down some observable characteristics that you and your parents share in common.
2. Using Table1, put a mark (X) on the observable characteristics on you.
3. Observe your hairline, earlobes, eyesight cheeks, tongue, chin, and little fingers. Examine Table1 and Figure 1.
Enumerate the distinctive features that you and your parents share from the given data; two traits were
mentioned. Put a mark (x) on the observable traits that you have. Study the characteristics expressed by your
father and mother.
4. Observe your family members and complete the table found in the worksheet at the preceding activities.
Table 1. List of Observable Heritable Traits
Traits Appearance
Type of hair Straight Wavy or kinky
Earlobes Attached unattached
Color of Skin Light or fair dark
Hairline straight With widow’s peak
Dimple With dimples Without dimples
Handedness Right -handed Left-handed
Nose High-bridged Low-bridged
SCIENCE 9 – NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
WHAT IS IT?
Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884) was an Australian-Augustinian monk whose love for nature encouraged him to do a
lot of researches. Little did he know that his researches would have a great impact on people’s lives. His experiments involving
peas led him to the laws of heredity which is the foundation of modern genetics. Mendel is known as the father of genetics because
of the different laws.
Incomplete Dominance
Incomplete dominance is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely
expressed over its paired allele. This results in a third phenotype in which the expressed physical trait is a combination of the
phenotypes of both alleles. Unlike complete dominance inheritance, one allele does not dominate or mask the other. Incomplete
dominance occurs in the polygenic inheritance of traits such as eye color and skin color. It is a cornerstone in the study of non-
Mendelian genetics.
Incomplete Dominance in Snapdragons
As an example, incomplete dominance is seen in cross-pollination experiments between red and white snapdragons
plants. In this monohybrid cross, the allele that produces the white color (r). The resulting color are all pink.
The genotypes are: Red (RR) X White (rr) = Pink (Rr)
SCIENCE 9 – NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
When the first filial (F1) generation consisting of all pink plants is allowed to cross pollinate, the resulting plants (F2)
generation) consist of all three phenotypes (1/4 Red (RR):1/2 Pink (Rr): (1/4 White White (rr). The phenotypic ratio is [Link].
When the F1 generation is allowed to cross-pollinate with true breeding red plants, the resulting F2 plant consist of red and
pink phenotypes (1/2 Red (RR): ½ Pink (Rr). The phenotypic ration is 1:1.
When the F1 generation is allowed to cross-pollinate with true breeding white plants, the resulting 2 plants consist of white
and pink phenotypes (1/2 White (rr): ½ Pink (Rr). The phenotypic ratio is 1:1.
In incomplete dominance, the intermediate trait is the heterozygous genotype. In the case of snapdragon plants, the pink
plants are the heterozygous with the (Rr) genotype. The red and white plants are both homozygous for plant color with genotypes
of (RR) red and (rr) white.
Codominance
Codominance is observed when two different alleles of a specific
single-gene trait are both expressed simultaneously. Both alleles influence the
genetic trait or determine the characteristics of the genetic condition.
We can see an example of codominance in the blood groups of
humans. It is still use Mendel’s rule to predict inheritance of codominant alleles.
People with this blood type have A and B proteins at the same time. The ABO
genes determine what blood type a person has, and everyone has two copies
of this gene, one from each parent. There are several combinations of blood
types that can result, but when a person has both an A and a B allele, it will
lead to blood types visible in the blood, AB.
Another example is the roan coat color of a
horse. Roan is the result when a color appears in
conjugation with white. It is the graying out of a color,
and in horses there are actually three types of roans:
red, bay, and blue. All of the colors follow similar
codominance patterns.
Sex-Linked Traits
Sex-linked traits are genetic characteristics determined by genes located on sex chromosomes. Sex chromosomes are
found within our reproductive cells and determine the sex of an individual. Traits are passed from one generation to the next by
our genes.
Sex-Linked Genes
Hemophilia is a sex-linked trait caused by gene mutation. The image below shows the inheritance pattern of the
hemophilia trait when the mother is a carrier and the father does not have the trait. Genes that are found on sex chromosomes
are called sex-linked genes. These genes can be on either the X chromosome or the Y chromosome. If a gene is located on the Y
chromosome, it is a Y-linked gene. Genes that are found on X chromosome are called X-linked genes.
Sex Determination
Organisms that reproduce sexually do so via production of sex cells, also called gametes. In humans, male gametes are
spermatozoa (sperm cells) and female gametes are ova or eggs. Male sperm cells may vary one or two types of sex chromosomes.
They either carry an X chromosome or a Y chromosome. However, a female egg cell may carry only an X sex chromosome.
When sex cells fuse in a process called fertilization, the resulting cell (zygote) receives one sex chromosome from each
parent cell. The sperm cell determines the sex of an individual. If a sperm cell containing an X chromosome fertilizes an egg, the
resulting zygote will be (XX) or female. If a sperm cell contains a Y chromosome, then the resulting zygote will be (XY) or male.
Sex-Linked Disorders
There are several disorders that are caused by abnormal sex-linked traits. A common Y-linked disorder is male infertility. In
addition to hemophilia, other X-linked recessive disorder includes color blindness, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and fragile X-
syndrome. A person with color blindness has difficulty seeing color differences. Red-green color blindness is the most common form
and is characterized by the inability to distinguish color red and green
SCIENCE 9 – NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
Multiple Alleles
Alleles are alternative forms of a gene, and they are responsible for differences in phenotypic expression of a given trait
(e.g., brown eyes versus green eyes). A gene for which at least two alleles exist is said to be polymorphic. Instances in which a
particular gene may exist in three or more allelic forms are known as multiple allele conditions. It is important to note that while
multiple alleles occur and are maintained within a population, any individual possesses only two such alleles (at equivalent loci on
homologous chromosomes)
Blood Type Table
Type Can Donate Blood To Can received Blood From
A+ A+ AB+ A+ A- O+
O+ O+ A+ B+ AB+ O+ O-
B+ B+ AB+ B+ B- O+ O-
AB+ AB+ EVERYONE
A- A+ A- AB+ AB- A- O-
O- EVERYONE O-
B- B+ B- AB+ AB- B- O-
AB- AB+ AB- AB- B- O-
WHAT’S MORE?
A. Directions: Read the following statement below and identify what is being asked in each number.
________1. The father of modern genetics.
________2. It is observed when two different alleles of a specific single-gene trait are both expressed simultaneously.
________3. A sex-linked trait caused by gene mutation.
________4. A form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its paired
allele.
________5. Several disorders that are caused by abnormal sex-linked traits.
B. Directions: Complete the paragraph by putting the appropriate words in each blank.
Incomplete dominance is a form of _________________in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over
its paired allele. This results in a _______ phenotype in which the expressed physical trait is a combination of the phenotypes of both
alleles. Unlike __________ dominance inheritance, one ________ does not dominate or mask the other. Incomplete dominance occurs
in the polygenic inheritance of traits such as _____________ and skin color. It is a cornerstone in the study of non-Mendelian genetics.
WHAT I CAN DO?
Directions: Complete the table by writing the correct information.
Type Can Donate Blood To Can received Blood From
A+ A+ A- O+
O+ O+ A+ B+ AB+
B+ B+ B- O+ O-
AB+ AB+
A- A+ A- AB+ AB-
O-
B- B+ B- AB+ AB-
AB- AB- B- O-
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Analyze the questions and answer the following questions. Write your answer on the space provided.
_____1. Gregor Mendel is known as the father of ______.
c. Peace c. Genetics
d. Botany d. peas
_____2. Mendel’s principle of codominance states that __________.
e. Two different alleles of a specific single-gene trait are both expressed simultaneously.
f. No alleles are dominant over others.
g. Seed color is dominant over seed shape
h. Alleles segregate during gamete formation
_____3. A form of inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its paired allele.
c. Codominance c. Sex-linked traits
d. Incomplete dominance d. X-Linked Recessive traits
_____4. Are genetic characteristics determined by genes located on sex chromosomes?
c. Autosomes c. Codominance
d. Chromosomes d. Sex-linked traits
_____5. A sex-linked trait caused by gene mutation.
a. Hemophilia c. X-linked gene
b. Y-linked gene d. Multiple alleles
SCIENCE 9 – NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
_____6. Organisms that reproduce sexually do so via production of sex cells, also called __________.
a. Spermatozoa c. sperm cell
b. Gametes d. zygote
_____7. The most common form of color blindness and is characterized by the inability to distinguish these colors.
a. Red-yellow c. red-green
b. Red-orange d. red-blue
_____8. These are passed from one generation to the next by our genes.
a. Traits c. characteristics
b. Genes d. heredity
_____9. The type of blood that can donate to AB+.
a. O+ c. A-
b. A+ d. AB+
_____10. Alternative form of genes.
a. Codominance c. Incomplete dominance
b. Allele d. Sex-linked traits
WHAT I CAN SHOW?
st
How do you think having knowledge, skills, values/attitudes in Non-Mendelian Inheritance can develop your 21 century
skills? (Communication, collaboration, creativity, critical thinking, productivity, leadership and technology literacy *Choose at
st
least one or two 21 century skill*)?
(PLEASE WRITE YOUR ANSWER ON THE PROVIDED ANSWER SHEET.)
REFERENCES
Banares et al.. Insight Holistic Approach in Science 9
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
SCIENCE 9 – NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
NOTE: PLEASE SUBMIT ONLY THIS PORTION OF THE MODULE TO SBCA FOR CHECKING.
Name of Student: ___________________________________________________ Section: _____________________
Present Address: ____________________________________________________ Contact no. __________________
Subject Matter: Science 9
Topic: Non-Mendelian Inheritance (Quarter 1- Module 4)
WHAT I KNOW? Write only the letter of the correct answer.
Pre-Test. Multiple Choice
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
WHAT’S MORE? Write your answer in the table below.
Multiple Choice Enumeration
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
WHAT I CAN DO? Write your answer in the space provided below.
Type Can Donate Blood To Can received Blood From
A+ A+ A- O+
O+ O+ A+ B+ AB+
B+ B+ B- O+ O-
AB+ AB+
A- A+ A- AB+ AB-
O-
B- B+ B- AB+ AB-
AB- AB- B- O-
ASSESSMENT Write your answer on the space provided
Multiple Choice
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
WHAT I CAN SHOW? Write your answer in the space provided below.
SCIENCE 9 – NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
ST. BLAISE COMMUNITY ACADEMY, INC.
Junior High School
San Luis, Batangas/ chs_sbca53@[Link]/ [Link]
Module 4: Quarter 1
Topic: Non-Mendelian Inheritance
NAME OF STUDENT:
SCIENCE 9 – NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
