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Energy Transfer in Waves Explained

Waves transfer energy through matter and space without transferring matter. They are produced by something that vibrates and come in three main types: electromagnetic waves which do not require a medium, mechanical waves which do require a medium, and matter waves associated with moving particles. Mechanical waves can be transverse, with oscillations perpendicular to the direction of propagation, or longitudinal, with oscillations along the direction of propagation. The velocity of waves depends on properties of the medium like density, tension, bulk modulus, and pressure.

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Rekha Bhasin
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105 views1 page

Energy Transfer in Waves Explained

Waves transfer energy through matter and space without transferring matter. They are produced by something that vibrates and come in three main types: electromagnetic waves which do not require a medium, mechanical waves which do require a medium, and matter waves associated with moving particles. Mechanical waves can be transverse, with oscillations perpendicular to the direction of propagation, or longitudinal, with oscillations along the direction of propagation. The velocity of waves depends on properties of the medium like density, tension, bulk modulus, and pressure.

Uploaded by

Rekha Bhasin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Waves

* A traveling disturbance that carries energy through ma�er and space.


* Waves transfer energy without transferring ma�er.
* Waves are produced by something that vibrates.

Electromagne�c Wave Ma�er Wave


Waves propaga�ng in form of oscilla�ng Waves associa�ve with microscopic par�cles
electric and magne�c fields. Do not such as electrons, protons etc, in mo�on.
require medium for propaga�on.

Mechanical Wave
Waves which require a material medium for their propaga�on
are called mechanical waves.

Transverse Wave Longitudinal Wave


The individual par�cles of the medium The individual par�cles of the medium
oscillate perpendicular to the direc�on of oscillate along the direc�on of wave
wave propoga�on. propaga�on.
Crest
Wavelength λ Longitudinal waves

Direc�on
Amplitude of travel
y
x
Trough Wavelength

* In solids, v = ρη
* In a solid of bulk modulus K, modulus of
where η is modulus of rigidity and ρ is
rigidity η and density ρ is
density of solids.
* In stretched string, v = T K+ 4 η
m v= 3
here, T is tension in string and m is mass ρ
per unit length of string. * In a fluid of bulk modulus K and density ρ
is
v= K
ρ
Progressive Wave * Newton’s formula for the velocity of
* Displacement, y = A sin(ωt-kx+φ0) sound in a gas is
y = A sin2π( t - x )= A sin 2π (vt-x) v=
Kiso P
= ρ (P = pressure of the gas)
T λ λ ρ
t x
* Phase, φ = 2π( T - ) + φ0
λ
where φ0 is the initial phase.
* Phase change:

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