9/20/2016 Learn
About Thevenin Theorem and Dependent Source Circuits
Learn About Thevenin Theorem and Dependent
Source Circuits
October 02, 2015 by Kyle Marion (/author/kylemarion)
Thevenin's Theorem and its application in analyzing circuits
with dependent sources.
Thevenin Theorem
When performing network analysis, Thevenin's theorem is a very helpful tool.
It allows for a nonvarying portion of a circuit to be replaced with a simplified
design, thus simplifying the analysis of the entire network. This equivalent
circuit performs the same way as the original circuit would.
Thevenin's theorem states that any linear, twoterminal portion of a network
can be replaced by a Thevenin equivalent circuit. A Thevenin equivalent
circuit consists of a voltage source (VTh) in series with a resistor (RTh)
where VTh is the opencircuit voltage at terminals AB and R Th is the
equivalent resistance at terminals AB. This equivalent circuit can be seen in
Figure 1 below. It is important to replace independent sources with their
internal resistances when solving for RTh, i.e. current sources are replaced
with open circuits and voltage sources are replaced with short circuits.
Figure 1
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9/20/2016 Learn About Thevenin Theorem and Dependent Source Circuits
Figure 1
Dependent Sources and Thevenin's Theorem
Thevenin's theorem can be applied when analyzing a circuit with dependent
sources. In this case, all independent sources are turned off and the RTh is
calculated by applying a current source or voltage source at the open
terminal. When using a voltage source, it can be assumed to be 1V for
simple calculations. Using mesh analysis, find the current Io at the output.
When using a current source, it can be assumed to be 1A for easy
calculations as well. Nodal analysis
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dependentsources/) can be used to find the voltage at the a terminal. The
equivalent resistance then becomes a simple Ohm's law calculation, seen in
Equation 1. If RTh takes a negative value, it means the circuit is supplying
power to the terminals. Then to find VTh, use mesh analysis with all
independent/dependent sources included and solve for the open circuit
voltage.
1 V
RT h = [Equation 1]
Io
Now to apply this theory to an example problem.
Figure 2
Solving for RTh first, redraw the circuit with the 12V source as a short circuit.
Then excite the circuit using either a 1A current source or 1V voltage source
at the ab terminal. Using a current source at the ab terminal produces the
circuit in Figure 3 below.
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9/20/2016 Learn About Thevenin Theorem and Dependent Source Circuits
Figure 3
Now to write the nodal analysis equations.
V1
− 1.5 ∗ Ix + Ix = 0 [Equation 2]
10 Ω
Vo − V1 Vo
+ = 1 A [Equation 3]
6 Ω 8 Ω
where,
V1 − Vo
Ix = [Equation 4]
6 Ω
Solving for Vo yields Vo = .888V or 888.8mV. Remember that RTh = Vo / Io, so
RTh is equal to 888.8 mOhms.
Next, to find VTh, replace the 12V source and remove the current source
from the ab terminal. Again, utilizing nodal analysis, the equations are as
follows.
V1 V1 − 12 V1
+ − 1.5 ∗ = 0 [Equation 5]
14 Ω 10 Ω 14 Ω
VT h V1 − VT h
− = 0 [Equation 6]
8 Ω 6 Ω
Solving for V1 in Equation 6 yields V1 = 1.75*VTh. Plugging this into Equation
5 and solving for VTh yields VTh = 10.66V.
This theorem allows for the simplification of resistor and source
configurations into to a one source and one resistor equivalent circuit. It is
commonly used with varying loads, that way the load current and power
dissipation can be calculated easily.
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