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Basics of HVAC Systems Lecture

This document provides an overview of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It discusses the major components of an air conditioning system, including the compressor, condenser, evaporator, evaporator fan, and thermal expansion valve. It also covers topics like human comfort standards, units of refrigeration, factors that influence cooling load requirements and system selection, and examples of ductable air conditioning systems for medium and large buildings. The goal is to educate about the basics of how HVAC systems work and the considerations that go into designing such systems.

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Adyasa Choudhury
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286 views18 pages

Basics of HVAC Systems Lecture

This document provides an overview of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It discusses the major components of an air conditioning system, including the compressor, condenser, evaporator, evaporator fan, and thermal expansion valve. It also covers topics like human comfort standards, units of refrigeration, factors that influence cooling load requirements and system selection, and examples of ductable air conditioning systems for medium and large buildings. The goal is to educate about the basics of how HVAC systems work and the considerations that go into designing such systems.

Uploaded by

Adyasa Choudhury
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Basics of HVAC: Introduction to the topic, outlining the basics of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems with initial descriptions and context.
  • HVAC Brief Description: Brief overview of HVAC components, explaining their functions in controlling environment conditions like temperature and air quality.
  • Human Comfort: Describes conditions for human comfort involving climate control within buildings, indicating ideal humidity and temperature ranges.
  • Air Conditioning System Components: Details the major components of air conditioning systems, including compressor, condenser, and other key parts for cooling.
  • Units of Refrigeration: Explains units used in refrigeration, such as Ton of Refrigeration (TR) and conversions to other units like BTU.
  • System Selection Steps: Provides a step-by-step guide for selecting HVAC systems, from assessing load requirements to evaluating final systems.
  • Cooling Load Requirements: Lists factors to consider when evaluating cooling load requirements, including space layout and environmental influences.
  • Factors Affecting System Selection: Discusses various factors like budget and space which influence HVAC system selection and design.
  • Air Handling Unit (AHU): Diagrams and outlines components of the Air Handling Unit, explaining airflow processes in HVAC systems.
  • Ductable Air Conditioning Systems: Explains how duct systems are used in medium to large scale buildings for efficient air distribution.
  • Layout and Shaft Design: Presents layout designs and shaft specifications for effective placement of HVAC components within buildings.

BASICS OF HVAC

A LECTURE BY:

[Link] GIRI
Assistant Professor
(B. Arch & [Link], BPUT)
HVAC Brief Description:
• HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning.

• This system controls the indoor environment namely-


Temperature, Humidity, Air Flow and Air Filtering.

• Mechanical intervention to the condition the air to a preferred


temperature and relative humidity.
Human Comfort:
• Condition in which most people are likely to feel comfortable
most of the time.

• Also called as THERMAL COMFORT.

• Temperature: Summers- 25°C and Winter - 20°C

• Relative Humidity- 30% to 60%


Major Components of Air Conditioning System
1. Compressor:
• this component is the heart of the system.
• Pump Refrigerant & oil through system.
• Separates the high pressure side of the system from the
low pressure side.
• If it fails, cooling stops.

2. Condenser:
• condenser coil is what gets rid of the heat in the
system.
• Can be water cooled or air cooled.
Major Components of Air Conditioning System
1. Evaporator:
• provides cooled air to the space.
• Located after the system air filters.
• Removes moisture from air.
• Traps inside the dust/dirt in filters, so requires regular
maintenance.

2. Evaporator Fan:
• located behind or in front of the evaporator coil.
• Draws ambient and mix air across evaporator coil.

3. Thermal Expansion Valve:


• Located at the evaporator coil.
• Provides the correct amount of refrigerant to the
evaporator coil for proper cooling.
• Separates the high pressure side of the system from low
pressure side.
Units of Refrigeration:
TR: 1 TR is amount of heat to be extracted from the
atmosphere for melting one metric ton of ice in 24 Hours.

1TR: 12000 BTU(BRITISH THERMAL UNIT)/HR

1 TR: 3000 KCAL/HR = 50 KCAL/MIN


STEPS OF SELECTING THE SYSTEM:
• Calculation of cooling load requirement.

• Selection of techno-economical system.

• Equipment selection.

• Designing air distribution system.

• Designing water distribution system.

• Designing refrigerant distribution system.

• Evaluation of the system to be used.


FACTORS TO CONSIDER DURING COOLING LOAD REQUIREMENT:
• Building detailed layout.
• Use of space.
• Physical dimension of the space.
• Indoor room design condition.
• Filtration level required.
• Ambient condition.
• Glass area exposed to sun.
• Occupancy.
• Lighting load.
• Equipment load.
• Fresh air requirement.
• Infiltration of outside air.
FACTORS AFFECTING SYSTEM SELECTION:
• Budget of the client.
• Need/ requirement of the client.
• Use of space.
• Outside condition.
• Floor layout.
• Location and dimensions of the beams and columns.
• Power availability.
• Space availability.
• And many more…………
A.H.U. (AIR HANDLING UNIT)
A.H.U. (AIR HANDLING UNIT)
A.H.U. (AIR HANDLING UNIT)
DUCTABLE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM IN A MEDIUM SCALE
BUILDING:
DUCTABLE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM IN A LARGE SCALE
BUILDING:
LAYOUT:

SHAFT
SHAFT
LAYOUT
THANK YOU.

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