I

CONTENTS

Foreword……………………………………………………………………………………Page V

UNIT 1 IT’S TIME TO REMEMBER

Page Lesson Language Grammar Vocabulary

Lesson 1A
Regular and
Pages I know what Places Simple past tense
irregular verbs
6-11 you did last The story of the Aral Sea There is/ there are
class.
Lesson B
Concerts
Pages Have you been Present Perfect
Experiences Music-Concert
12-16 to a concert Tense
Bucket list
recently?

Pages Lesson C Homesickness Present perfect vs

Travel activities.
17-21 Experiences Travel Experiences Past simple

UNIT 2 IN PROGRESS…

Page Lesson Language Grammar Vocabulary

Lesson 2A
Present perfect
Pages I have been Workers
continuous: Dangerous job!
22-27 working so Parents
Affirmative form
hard!!

Lesson 2B International student Present Perfect

Pages
Studying Continuous. Studying abroad
29-31 Volunteering
abroad Negative form

Lesson 2C Time Expressions Present Perfect

Pages
All day, all continuous Suffixes
32-34 Routines
night Interrogative

II
UNIT 3 MAY I GO HOME

Page Lesson Language Grammar Vocabulary

Lesson 3A Feel stressed
Pages Health and
I may practice Languages and mother May/might
36-40 illness problems
more!! tongue
Explore the town
Walk down
Pages Lesson 3B Shall Everyday
Fry-up
41-45 Shall we go Ought to expressions
Be alone
home?
Evening out
Tipping that
Pages May/might
Lesson 3C works in every
46-48 Tipping Advice Shall /Ought to
country

UNIT 4 MODERNITY

Page Lesson Language Grammar Vocabulary

If I have good grades, I get a
Lesson 4A
Pages scholarship soon. Zero conditional Good and bad
If this is a
50-54 If I get a headache, I go and Affirmative Form habits
good habit…
lie down.
If children always speak
Lesson 4B during the teacher´s Zero conditional Multitasking
Pages
What happens Negative and Babycare
55-59 explanation, they can’t
if…? Interrogative Form Purchases
progress at school.
When you read books, you Zero Conditional
learn things Art Exhibition
Pages Lesson 4C Use of when
Artist
60-64 Modern Art If ever I was bored, I hung Complementary
Piece of Art
around with my mates. activities

III
UNIT 5 IF WE TAKE CARE…

Page Lesson Language Grammar Vocabulary

If you study harder, your
family will have a better
life.
Pages Lesson 5A First Conditional
You can see a permanently Life situations
66-69 Nature Affirmative Form
blue sky if you visit the
man-made beach in
Miyazaki, Japan.
If my mother doesn’t get
some seeds, she won’t
First Conditional
Pages Lesson 5B grow peppermint plants. Words about
Negative and
70-74 Global Issues I will stay at home if you Global Issues.
Interrogative Form
don’t invite me to the
party.
Come here, now
Pages Lesson 5C
Don’t write down! Imperative Verbs
75-79 Let’s do it
Let’s continue our work.

References……………………………………………………………………………Pages 80-82

IV
 Scope:
Students will be able to talk
about past experience.

LESSON A:
I know what you did last
summer.
OBJECTIVE: To use simple
past tense in dialogues.

LESSON B:
Have you been in concert
recently?
OBJECTIVE: To talk about
important issues in our lives
using simple present tense.

LESSON C:
Experiences
OBJECTIVE: To identify
differences between present
perfect and past simple
tenses.
V
 UNIT 1 “IT’S TIME TO REMEMBER”
Students will be able to talk about past experiences

Lesson 1A I know what you did last class

Simple past: regular, irregular, and verb to be
A. WARM-UP

Grammar Rocks’ Song

1. Watch the video and answer: What kind of verbs the man is presented? There is another
category of verbs in the past simple?

Retrieved from:
[Link]

B. LISTENING
2. Listen again to the song then use the verbs the man mentioned and complete the
form, writing the verb, the past tense of the verb, and then try to create sentences
using those verbs.

Verb Past Tense Sentence

Make Made My son made a sandcastle at the beach yesterday.
run ran A lady ran away from a hospital for sad people
go went Yesterday she went to the beach
drive drove
get got
count counted
forget
draw
buy
pay
meet
know

6
C. READING

4. Read carefully the following text

The Story of the Aral Sea

In 2009 in Kazakhstan, a group of fishermen met on a
Sunday afternoon. They were on the beach of the North
Aral Sea. They ate food. They did some sports.
Afterward, they told stories and sang songs about the
Aral Sea and fishing. It was a good party.
The fishermen were happy because there were fish in
the water. For many years, there weren’t many fish. At
one time, the Aral Sea in Central Asia was the fourth
largest lake in the world. It had an area of 67,300
square kilometers. Two of the biggest rivers in Central
Asia, the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, went into the Aral Sea. But the water almost disappeared.
The Aral Sea was a busy place. Almost 20 percent of the Soviet Union’s fish came from here.
40,000 people lived and worked near the lake. Then people used the water in the two rivers for
agriculture, so the water didn’t arrive at the Aral Sea. Also, it didn’t rain for many years.
Then, in 2005, the Kazakh government and the World Bank built a dam. The dam separated the
north and south parts of the sea. Then the north part of the Aral Sea started to fill with water
again. Philip Micklin is a scientist. He studies the Aral Sea. In 2010 he said ‘Nature can come back.’
But in 2014, he saw satellite pictures of the east part of the Aral Sea. It was completely dry.
In June 2015 a scientist from Uzbekistan, Yusup Kamalov, and a National Geographic reporter
visited the Aral Sea. They found a huge desert. They stood on the sand. Once it was the edge of
the water. Now the water is 80 kilometers away. They drove to the water. On the way, they passed
oil and natural gas rigs. Kamalov said that every year there are more oil rigs. They arrived at the
edge of the Aral Sea. The water was very salty. There were no fish. Kamalov said, ‘This is what the
end of the world looks like’.
Retrieved from: [Link]

5. Read the article and choose the correct option.

6. Read again and mark the correct sentence.
1. Where is the Aral Sea?
3. According to paragraph 1, which sentence is true?
☒ in Central Asia
☐ Kazakh fishermen are good at sport.
☐ in Kazakhstan
☒ Kazakhstan is next to the North Aral Sea.
☐ in Uzbekistan
☐ The fishermen met every Sunday.
2. What is the problem in the Aral Sea? 2. According to paragraph 2, which sentence is true?
☐ It’s full of oil. ☐ The Amu Darya and Syr Darya are the biggest rivers
☐ It’s getting bigger. in the world.
☒ It’s getting smaller. ☒ The Aral Sea is one of the biggest lakes in the world.
☐ The biggest lake in the world is bigger than 67,300
3. Why did the fishermen meet? square kilometres.
☐ because it was Sunday 7. According to paragraph 3, which sentence is true?
☐ to go fishing ☐ Nobody knows why the Aral Sea got smaller.
☒ to have a party ☒ There are two reasons why the Aral Sea got smaller.
☐ There’s one reason why the Aral Sea got smaller.
4. What happened because of the dam?
☐ The water in the Aral Sea disappeared.
☒ There was more water in the North Aral Sea.
☐ There was more water in the South Aral Sea.
7
D.1 GRAMMAR – Simple past verb to be

A) Verb to be
We use the simple past tense of the verb to be for any state to describe a person or
situation in the past.

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I was I was not Was I?
You were You were not Were You?
He was He was not Was He?
She was She was not Was She?
It was It was not Was It?
We were We were not Were We?
You were You were not Were You?
They were They were not Were They?

Examples: Note: in affirmative form we

Singular nouns can’t use contractions
 I was your partner in primary school. between the subject and the
 He wasn´t a doctor in the war. past form of verb to be. In
 Where were you last night? negative sentences we can
use contractions between
B) There was / There were was or were + not.

 We use there was or there were when we talk about things that existed in
the past. We use there was in singular and there were in plurals.
Examples:
 There was a movie in the center of Babahoyo.
 There wasn´t a shopping 10 years ago.
 Were there 5 banks in Baba 18 years ago?

PRACTICE
6. Melissa is talking about her family. Write the correct verb forms.

My family and I were (was/were) all born in South Korea , we weren’t (wasn’t and
weren’t) born in the U.S.. I _was (was/were) born in the city of Incheon, and my brother
was (was/were) born there, too. My parents weren’t (wasn’t/weren’t) born in Incheon.
They were (was/were) born in the capital, Seoul. In South Korea, my father was
(was/were) a businessman and my mother was (was/were) a teacher.

7. Complete the sentences with was and were.

It …was…a lovely day. Yesterday …was…….. hot.

We …were……at the beach. Some people …were…very red.
I…were Under my sun umbrella. My sister and I wererelaxed!
The children …was all happy. The holiday …were………. great!
8
8. Rewrite the sentences using the negative form.

Paul and Judy were on holiday.

Paul and Judy were not holiday
The weather was bad.
The weather was not bad
The staff at the airport were very helpful.
The staff at the airport were not very helpful
The travel agent was very busy.
The travel agent was not
They were in a self-catering department.
They were not in a self-catering department
The sea was rough.
The sea was not rough

9. Use the words to write questions with the past simple of be. Then complete the short
answer.

You/on the flight/ to London

Was you on the flight yo London
________________________________________________ You was
Yes, _____________
They/tired/at the end of the trip
Were they tired at the end of the trip
________________________________________________ they were
No, _____________
Your friend/ impressed/by the sights
________________________________________________
Was Your friend impressed/by the sights He was
Yes, _____________
It/a beautiful day
Was it a beautiful day it was
________________________________________________ No, _____________
The tourists/annoyed/about the delay.
Were the tourists annoyed about the
________________________________________________
delay Yes, they were

10. Look at the picture and indicate some places you see that has changed from 50 years
until now. Write a short paragraph using there was and there were.

 … there wasen’t the restaurant

9
D.2 GRAMMAR – Simple past of other verbs

 The simple past is used for actions that ended in the past, even if they
occurred in the recent past.
STRUCTURE

Time
expressions
Yesterday.
Last night/ week
/ year, etc.
In 2015
Two days/
Example: months ago.
 I had three exams last week.
 John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
 We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
 Did he come to your party last night?
PRACTICE
11. Complete the conversation with the verbs in the past simple.

A: Where did you go (you/go) for your last summer holiday?

B: We went (go) to Egypt.
A: Oh really? How interesting! Did you (you/enjoy) it?
B: Oh yes. we did. Paul loved (love) the River Nile and I thoug (think) the pyramids and all
the historical sights were (be) fascinating.
A: How long Did you stay (you/stay)?
B: For four weeks. We were (be) there for the whole of October.
A: How nice. So, you had (have) lots of time to travel round.
B: Yes, we were well. quite a lot. But we only saw (see) a few places. So I'd like to go again.
A: Did (you/learn) any Egyptian Arabic?
B: I Did but Paul did not. I studied (study) the language for a few weeks before we went
(go). I found (find) a good Arabic language cassette in the local library and that was (be)
very helpful.
A: Did (you/talk) to the local people?
B: Not really, but I Knew (know) how to order food and drink in the cafés and restaurants.

E. SPEAKING
12. PAIRS. Let’s remember the time before the Covid-19. How was it to study before 2020? In pairs,
create a conversation about your main activities in the university. You can talk about presential vs
online classes, the time you spent at the university (and traveling to), or any other topic you consider
interesting. Then, create audio of 3 minutes with your partner and upload it to Moodle.

10
 13. St1:
FindDid
outyou miss the presential
the meaning St2:Spanish
and the translation into Of course, I missed
of the wordsgobelow.
to Practice
classes at thein
their pronunciation university?
English. the university

Conference Center centro de conferencia

Library biblioteca
Fire Station parque de bombero
Police Station comisaria de policia
Recreation Center centro de recreación
Bank banco
Hospital hospital
Shopping Mall centro comercial
Radio Station estacion de radio
Train Station estacion de tren
Bus Station estacion de autobuses
Airport Aeropuerto
Museum Museo
Theater Teatro
Opera House teatro de opera
Concert Hall Sala de conciertos
Art Gallery Galería de arte
School _____________________
College _____________________
University _____________________
Pharmacy _____________________
Stadium _____________________
Hotel _____________________
Restaurant _____________________
Café _____________________
Bar _____________________
_____________________
F. WRITING
14. Write about the city you visited on your last vacation, give details about the facilities that
people can find there. Use simple past tense, and “there was,” “there were.” Write on the
platform Moodle, in the forum section.
Minimum 100 words
Last year, I went to " Montañita",with my family and we satyed in a hotel. in the hotel,
there were a lot of rooms and the staffs was very friendly. there was a beautiful
restaurant and the food was delicious. although we used to go to the beach, there was a
swimming pool in the hotel. there weren't lot of people at the swimming pool, but there
were at the beach then I went with my brothers to the shopping center in the city of
montañita and we bought some things . I really enjoyed my holidays in Montañita..

11
Lesson 1B Have you been to a concert recently?
Present Perfect

A. Warm Up – Black Rose has lost all of its petals

1. Read the text about this band. Then answer: what is your favorite band?

BLACK ROSE HAS LOST ALL OF ITS PETALS

Are those statements True or
False?
1. The band has only done tours
in the Southwest?
☒True ☐False ☐Not in Text

2. The band has just finished a

tour?
☒True ☐False ☐Not in Text
Black rose is our college’s biggest band right now. Jody, Ed, 3. The band members have been
Frank, and Fliss got together at college in 2003. Since then, lazy during the time they have
they’ve done four tours of the southwest and they’ve released
in the band?
two CDs on the college label. They’ve had three tracks played on
☐True ☒False ☐Not in Text
the national radios. They’ve just finished a tour of the Swan
Theatre, the football ground and the Nag’s Head pub in town. 4. The lead singer has talked
On the day before the last gig, we talked to lead singer, Jody. about climate in concerts during
Interviewer: Has the tour gone well? the interview?
Jody: It’s been great the fans have been amazing. They’ve liked ☒True ☐False ☐Not in Text
our new songs as well as the old ones.
Interviewer: the band has created its own sound over the last 5. The last concert of the band
five years, hasn’t it? Jody: Yeah: we’ve worked hard on our has gone well?
music- we want to be unique. ☐True ☒False ☐Not in Text
Interviewer: have sales of the new album been good? Jody: I’m
not sure. I’m not really interested in that side of it. 6. The guitarist of the band get
Interviewer: are you looking forward to the final gig tonight in mad about the last concert?
the college hall? ☐True ☐False ☒Not in Text

Jody: yes and no. It’ll be a great gig-probably the best of this
year. But I’m sorry the tour’s over- we’ve had a really good time.
We haven’t argued. We’ve played well. I’ve loved it. Even the
weather’s been good! But we need to concentrate on our exams
now!
Since our interview last week, the band has had a big bust-up
The college gig didn’t go well. The lead guitarist and the pianist
didn’t play well. They were really tired and didn’t try very hard.
Jody was really mad. “When students have paid all that money
for a ticket, we have to play well” she said the next morning.
“Some fans have waited a year to see us. I feel terrible” So she’s
left the band. At riff magazine, we hope it’s only temporary.

12
 B. VOCABULARY – Music Concert
2. Match the pictures with phrases from the box.

headline act Line up rock band music festival soundcheck tickets

1 SOUNDCHECK 2. Music festival 3 rock band

4 LINE UP 5 TICKETS 6. HEADLINE ACT

C. LISTENING – Have you got any plans for the weekend?

3. Listen carefully to the audio and work on the following tasks. Choose the six correct
answers.

Which activities do the speakers say they are going to do?

a. To go canyoning you need ... d. Paris looks so beautiful ...
☐ ropes and a helmet. ☐ at night.
☒ a guide and special equipment. ☐ on television.
☐ ropes and special equipment. ☒ in the photos.

b. A dirtboard is ... e. The Impressionist paintings are in ...

☐ the Louvre.
☒ a board with wheels that you stand on.
☐ a board with no wheels that you stand on.
☒ the Musée D'Orsay.
☐ a board that you sit on. ☐ the Rodin Museum.

c. Zip-wiring is ... f. The famous Rodin statue is called ...

☐ scary and difficult. ☐ The Worker.
☒ easy and exciting. ☒ The Thinker.
☐ scary but exciting ☐ The Philosopher.

Retrieved from [Link]

13
D. GRAMMAR – Present Perfect
Time
 The Present Perfect is used to indicate an occurred action in
expressions
an undetermined time in the past, putting relief in the simple
For
fact of having realized, without specifying when that action
Since
took place.
Just / already /
 The present perfect is composed of the verb to have as an
yet / ever /
auxiliary verb + the passive participle of the main verb.
never/recently
 All regular verbs have the same form in the passive this morning
participle that the past simple: walked, talked, etc. /week /month
 This does not happen with irregular verbs like: see, saw, / year
seen; break, broke, broken. Once / twice /
We use the present perfect: three times

 for something that started in the past and continues in the present:
 when we are talking about our experience up to the present:
 for something that happened in the past but is important in the
present:
 We use have/has been when someone has gone to a place
and returned.

Affirmative Negative

 For example:
 She has lived here all her life (Regular)
 They have written three letters already. (Irregular)
 He has finished his homework (Regular)

Question

 Notice that when the simple past is employed, we refer to a past

action without relation to the present, while with the present perfect,
we refer to past activities related to the present.
 Also, the present perfect is used to indicate an action that starts in
the past and continues until the present.
 For example:
 Jerry has worked here since 1999.
 My family has lived here for 20 years.
14
PRACTICE
4. Change the statement to a question using the word(s) in parenthesis.

Example: Google has changed the way people search. (how)

How has Google changed the way people search?
1. I have used several search engines. (which ones)
Which ones used several search engines
2. Larry and Sergey haven’t finished their degrees. (why)
Why haven`t Larry and Sergey finished their degrees
3. They have made a lot of money. (how much)
How much money have they made?
4. Sergey has been in the U.S. for many years. (how long)
How long has been sergey
5. Larry and Sergey have hired many people to work for Google. (how many)
How many people
6. We have used the computer lab several times this semester. (how many times)
How many times have we used the computer lab?
7. The memory and speed of computers have increased. (why)
Why have the memory and speed of computers increased?
8. Computers have become part of our daily lives. (how)
How have computers become part of our daily lives?

5. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the present perfect simple of the verb in
brackets.

They Have cut down some trees in the village. (cut)

Mandy has redecorated her bedsit. ( redecorate)

I have Seen Nick’s new flat; it’s great! (see)

We have planted some new bushes. (plant)

They have gone (camping) (go)

6. Choose the correct alternative.

 Film stars have lived in Hollywood for/since it became the movie capital
of America.
 Humans don’t live/ haven’t lived in caves for thousands of years.
 Architects have supported environmentally friendly housing for/since the
last 20 years.
 We have had the option of solar heating since/for the 1980s
 Properties in this area are/ have been expensive since they filmed Notting
Hill here.

15
7. Choose the correct verb and complete the sentences in present perfect.

PLAY - TRAVEL - RUN - FEED - NOT HARM

A. Usain Bolt has run in races since he was a boy.

B. These dogs aren’t dangerous. They haven`t harm anyone.
C. Circuses have traveled from town to town for hundreds of years.
D. How long has Andres Iniesta played soccer?
E. Have you ever fed a wild animal?

E. WRITING

8. Let’s create a bucket list, remember your past experiences, and write a list of things you
have done before (experiences you have had in the past). Then, write two paragraphs
talking about 1. what you have done, and 2. What you haven't done until this moment.
Providing all the information you need and use present perfect as main grammar.

 I have had so many adventures in the past. I remember… I have visited

different waterfalls and I have jumped from some of them.

 …

16
 Experiences
Lesson 1C
Present Perfect vs Simple Past

A. WARM-UP – What have you done lately?

1. Watch the video two times and write down the housework that the guy has done until now. Write
at least 3, use the present perfect tense.

Retrieved from: [Link]

B. VOCABULARY – Travel Experiences

2. Look at the following pictures. Then choose a word that matches with them.

E I J

Travel activities
A Buy souvenirs
B Go on a cruise
C Go sightseeing
B A G D Travel abroad
E Go clubbing
F Go hiking
G Take photos
H Explore a cave
I Eat traditional meal
F D C
J Go horseback riding

17
C. READING – HOMESICKNESS
3. Read the conversation between Noah and Jacob. Match each word with the best
meaning. Then, answer the following questions.

Joe Wang loves to travel. He left home when he

was eighteen years old. Since then, he has
never spent more than six months in any
country. For the first two years, he traveled
around the continent of Asia. Then he went to
Europe, where he visited ten different
countries in three years. He is now in South
America, traveling across Brazil.
Sometimes Joe takes a job to earn money.
He worked as a cleaner in a factory in India for
few months. When he was in Italy he worked
as a waiter in a restaurant. At other times,
when he can afford it, he behaves as if he is on
a holiday. He goes to the coast and swims in
the sea. Sometimes he joins other tourists
visiting the famous landmark of a city.
Joe makes friends in every new country that he visits. They sometimes invite him to stay
with them. Then he does not have to pay for a room in a hostel. In return for their
hospitality, he helps with any work that needs doing in the house, such as gardening or
decorating.
Joe will return to China to live when he has finished traveling. But he has many more
countries to visit before then.

1. Who is the main character in the reading?

JOE WANG
2. How many countries he has visited in the past?
he has visited ten different
3. where is he right now?
He is now in South America, traveling across
Brazil.

4. What has he done for living during these years?

5. How has Joe saved money during his trips?

He has stayed

18
D. GRAMMAR – Present Perfect vs Simple Past

Present Perfect Simple Past Simple

Unfinished actions that started in the Finished actions:

past and continue to the present:
I've known Julie for ten years (and I I knew Julie for ten years (but then she
still know her). moved away and we lost touch).
A finished action in someone's life A finished action in someone's life (when
(when the person is still alive: life the person is dead):
experience):
My brother has been to Mexico three My great-grandmother went to Mexico
times. three times.
A finished action with a result in the A finished action with no result in the
present: present:
I've lost my keys! (The result is that I I lost my keys yesterday. It was terrible!
can't get into my house now). (Now there is no result. I got new keys
yesterday).
With an unfinished-time word (this With a finished-time word (last week, last
week, this month, today): month, yesterday):
I've seen John this week. I saw John last week.
Common adverbs in the simple past: Common adverbs in the present perfect:
last night, last year, yesterday, before, already, yet, for, since, recently,
today, ago, first, then, later, when. still, time
Retrieved from: [Link]
[Link]

PRACTICE
4. Complete the sentences with the verb in brackets. Use past simple or present perfect.

1. She loves Paris. She has been (be) there many times.
2. Bill has worked (work) in that company for 3 years. (He still works there)
3. They went (go) to London on holiday last summer.
4. I have read (read) that book. It´s good.
5. His parents were (be) here yesterday.
6. They went (go) to Germany when he was (be) only 4.
7. Did you watch (watch) a film last night?
8. I had (have) some toast when I got up.
9. He has lived (live) in Rome since he was a teenager.
10. The house looks different. Did you paint (paint) it?
11. I didn`t see (not see) you in class last Friday.
12. Shakespeare wrote (write) over one hundred sonnets.

19
5. Find out if the following sentences are right or wrong. Correct them if necessary.

1. Have you ever been to Thailand? RIGHT

2. I´ve had sausages for lunch at half past one. WRONG
3. She´s enjoyed herself at the party last night. WRONG
4. I´ve read that book but I didn´t like it much. RIGHT
5. Tom has left school one year ago. WRONG tom left school one year ago
6. My cousins have lived in Dublin since they´ve been children. They were children
7. We have worked here for a year and a half. RIGHT

6. Complete the sentences with a verb from the box. Use present perfect or past simple.
Be- finish- stop -watch- not smoke- enjoy- win- live

1. She stopped smoking two months ago.

2. She has not smoke for two months.
3. Have you ever been to Florence?
4. Did you watch that TV show last night?
5. They still live in that town. They have lived there for ages.
6. A friend of mine won the lottery three years ago.
7. When did you finish your homework?
8. They enjoyed themselves at the party last summer.

7. Complete the sentences with present perfect or simple past.

a. She has lived (live) in Cuenca for 10 years.

b. My brother went (go) to Galapagos last summer.
c. Did you buy (buy) any souvenirs when you in Quito?
d. I haven`t watched (not watch) the new film. Is it good?

E. LISTENING – How to improve your memory

8. Complete the information that is missing in the following sentences.

1. The speaker explains how to make our memorise function better
2. We can make improve in our ability to memorise.
3. We use a combination of long-term and short-term memory.
4. There are several things we can do to recall information.
5. We can use word association to remember a concept.
6. The term visualization means imagining a picture.
7. You can use different to remember historical facts.
8. Following these tips will improve your ability to remember.

Retrieved from: [Link]

listening/how-improve-your-memory

20
 F. WRITING: Finding Inspiration
9. Imagine you recently have met a person who really inspires you (a writer, an academic,
an actor, or any other person you think). Then, you need to comment him/her why he is
your inspiration. You decided to write an email to him or her. You explain the main reasons
why he/she inspires you, you talked about his/her experiences, work, places visited, or any
other information you consider important. Minimum 120 words, you need to use present
perfect and past simple.

Dear Mary,
I hope you are fine. Thank you for the pictures you have sent me in your previous
mail. They are beautiful and bring me some good memories. I am writing you
because I planned to visit Barcelona next week and it would be great if you
can manage to have a dinner together.

Is that ok for you?

Looking forward for your reply!

Best,

Name

G. SPEAKING – My experiences
10. Answer the following questions and then record explain them in a video of 2 minutes.
Share it on the Moodle platform. You need to use present perfect and simple past.

Have you traveled

around Ecuador?
Which places?

Have you ever dreamed of

living abroad? Where?

Have you ever visited

a different country?
Which one?
Would you like to live
in another country?

21
Scope:
To use the present perfect
continuous to know what
people have been doing
lately.

LESSON A:
I have been working so hard!
OBJECTIVE: To read articles
about what you have been
doing recently.

LESSON “B”
Studying abroad
OBJECTIVE: To know more
about the use of present
perfect continuous in written
text.

LESSON “C”
All day, all night.
OBJECTIVE: To create new
words using suffixes.
22
 UNIT 2 IN PROGRESS
Use the present perfect continuous to know what people have been doing lately

Lesson 2A I have been working so hard!!

Present Perfect Continuous – Affirmative form

A. WARM-UP - What Have You Been Doing?

1. Watch the following YouTube video, then answer the following questions.

What is the most

Why important thing
does he before taking a test?
look so
tired?

What are the most

difficult things
How long has he when he drives a
been practicing? car?

Retrieved from: [Link]

B. VOCABULARY
2. Do you know these dangerous jobs? Match the jobs with the pictures.

a. Logging workers - b. Fisherman - c. Aircraft pilots - d. Roofers - e. Truck drivers - f. Farmers

E A F

C B D

23
C. GRAMMAR – Present Perfect Continuous

The Present Perfect continuous is used for: Time

expressions
 Recent past activities: To talk about an activity that started in the
FOR + a period
past
of time
has recently finished. The time when it finished is not important
for six years,
but we can see the result in the present.
for a week, for
Example:
a month
 I’m tired. I have been correcting exams.
SINCE + a
 To talk about an activity that started in the past and is continuing point in time
now. Since this
Example: morning, since
 I’ve been trying to sleep for half an hour. last week, since
yesterday since
 Repeated continuing events: We use the present perfect I was a child
continuous to
talk about repeated activities that started at a particular time in
the
past and are still continuing up until now.
Example:
 Aaron has been repairing cars since he was sixteen years old.

been
studying
he, She, it, has
been
Affirmative swimming
we, I, you, they have
been
writing

PRACTICE
3. Select the correct option using the present perfect continuous.
1. He’s waiting for Amy. He arrived 40 minutes ago.
a. He’s been waiting for 40 minutes.
b. He waits for 40 minutes.
c. He’s waited for Amy for 40 minutes.
2. Sophie is planning to buy souvenirs. It’s on her list of things to do.
a. Sophie’s already bought souvenirs.
b. Sophie hasn’t bought souvenirs already.
c. Sophie hasn’t been buying souvenirs yet.
3. Sophie wanted to visit the Burj Al Arab hotel. She went there two days ago.
a. Sophie hasn’t been to the Burj Al Arab hotel yet.
b. Sophie has already been to the Burj Al Arab hotel.
c. Sophie has just been to the Burj Al Arab hotel.

24
 4. I don’t know what octopus tastes like!
a. I haven’t been trying octopus.
b. I’ve already tried octopus.
c. I’ve never tried octopus.
5. Ollie took his cake out of the oven a moment ago.
a. Ollie has been making a cake.
b. Ollie has just made a cake.
c. Ollie hasn’t made a cake yet.

4. Read about the situation and re-write the sentences using present perfect continuous.
Also, include for and since.

a. I am working at this university. I was hired 8 years ago.

b. My sister is studying now. She started studying 3 hours ago.
c. My dad smokes. He started smoking when he was 17 years old.
d. My sister works in a bank. She got her bank job last January.
e. We are traveling to Baños. We started our trip 3 hours ago.

_ I have working at this university. I was for 8 years

_ My sister is studying for 3 hours
_ My dad has
_ Mi sister has been working in a bank since last january
_ we have been traveling to baños for trip 3 hours ago

5. Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect progressive).

A. He (work) has been working in this company since 1985.

B. I (wait) have been waiting for you since two o'clock.
C. Mary (live) has been living in Germany since 1992.
D. Why is he so tired? He (play) has been playing tennis for five hours.
E. How long (learn / you) have you been learning English?

6. Make present perfect continuous sentences with the verbs in the box.

Work study live play eat

1) She has been working hard here for five years.

2) I have been studying German all day.
3) You have been eating a lot recently.
4) We have been living in London for six months.
5) He has been playing soccer, so he's tired.

25
E. READING – Career Highs
7. Read the conversation about a dangerous job.

8. Read the text then, answer the questions.

a) What does he do at work?

b) How long has he been working as a rigger?

He has been working for about 20 years’ now
c) What type of equipment does he use?
We use cranes
d) Why did he decide to become a rigger?

e) How did he become a rigger?

f) Which are the main skills a rigger must have?

_________________________________________

26
 D. LISTENING –
Comfort Food
9. This is the dialogue between Katie and Gilda. Then, select the correct option.

1) Gila's comfort food is _____. b) arepas

a) Spaghetti Bolognese c) tofu
b) arepas
c) pizza 4) Pizza is not pizza without _____.
a) cheese
2) What does she say about the English b) pineapple
breakfast? c) bacon
a) She eats it every day.
b) It is not that healthy 5) Her grandmother is from _____.
c) It is easy to cook. a) Venezuela
b) Italy
3) Lately, Katie has been eating lots of _____. c) England
a) pizza
Retrieved from: [Link]

F. WRITING – My dear parents!

10. Do you know much about your parents? If not, try to talk to
them and get information from them. Include actions or habits that
started in the past and actively continue. Use the present perfect
continuous and any other tense you consider appropriate. Then
write a text explaining more about them. Minimum 120 words.

 …

my father has been working for 15 years as a bricklayer.

My mother has been living in babahoyo for 25 years.

G. Speaking – My Dream Job

11. You have waited for your dream job for so long. Describe how you have prepared to meet
this challenge. Use routines, actions, and any other information you consider important. Then,
upload a video of 2 minutes talking about your preparation. Use the present perfect
continuous as the main grammar tense of your speech.

All the mornings, I’ve been waking up at

I finally get my dream job! I will be the manager of an six o’clock to go to the university!!
important company. I have been preparing a lot for
this day!!

27
Lesson 2B Studying abroad
Present Perfect Continuous – Negative and Question Form

A. WARM-UP – Study in Korea

1. Listen to Nada’s experience in Korea. Then, mentioned two aspects that call
your attention the most.

Retrieved from: [Link]

B. VOCABULARY
2. What do you know about being an international student?
Here are some words you can use. Try to match the words with the pictures.

Exchange student – rucksack – living abroad – homesick – new culture – host family

RUCKSACK HOST FAMILY NEW CULTERE

LIVING ABROAD EXCHANGE STUDENT HOMESICK

28
C. GRAMMAR – Present Perfect Continuous

 This is the structure of the negative and interrogative form of the present perfect
continuous:

I haven’t
he, She, it, hasn’t has been working been playing.
Negative I, we, you, not haven´t been swimming They have
they have not been writing been doing
homework.

he, she , been telling her Have you been

Interrogative
has have it, We, you, the lesson? been playing the
Simple
I, they flying to London? whole day?

When, where, (he, she, it) been working?

has have
Wh. Questions how long (I, you, we, they) been playing?

How Long:
 It is used to ask and answer questions about the duration of an activity.
 How long have you been waiting for me?

29
 WILLIAN BOYS, SCOTLAND

I’ve been staying in Grenada, an island in the Caribbean, for three weeks and I am having a
brilliant time! There are nine volunteers in our group and everyone’s very kind and helpful.
We’re staying at a campsite by the beach and I share a tent with two other volunteers.

At first, I had a lot of difficulties getting to sleep and I missed the comfort of my own bed, but
I’m sleeping ok now and I love living in such a natural environment. We take turns preparing
meals for the group, which is the worst part of the holiday for me because I hate cooking. We
have one day off a week, Which I spend diving around the coral reefs near here. But of course,
the main reason we’re here is to protect the turtles from other animals and people who want
to steal their eggs.

We also check each turtle‘s health and measure how big they are. Turtles have been living
on our planet for 230 million years-they are even older than the dinosaurs- but now they are
in danger of becoming extinct. You have to be very patient, but it’s incredible to watch a
turtle walk out of the sea and lay her eggs on the beach. That’s definitely been the most
amazing part of the holiday for me. I’m not surprised voluntourism is increasing in
popularity and I’d definitely recommend coming to Grenada. When people ask me if I am
losing my time in volunteering, I tell them, I have not been losing my time at all, this is the
best experience in my life.
Retrieved from: [Link]

30
 E. LISTENING – How is Dubai?
8. Listen to the conversation and choose the right option

1. Where is Daisy`s mom working right 4. How many awards has Daisy`s mom won?
now? A. none B. one C. two
A. Italy B. China C. Dubai 5. What skills has Oliver been learning?
2. What has Daisy`s mom been writing A. drawing B. painting C. Cooking
about there? 6. What is Burj Khalifa ?
A. tourism B. religion C. architecture A. Building B. Port C. City
3. What subject is Amy`s assignment? 7. Has she bought souvenirs for her family?
A. Hotel management A. Yes, she has.
B. Chinese translation B. No, she hasn´t
C. Building designing C. No
Retrieved from: [Link]
perfect-simple-continuous

F. WRITING – Forum time!

9. You have to participate in the forum in Moodle. First, watch the video of Nada again,
then answer: Write a text explaining a past experience about a trip you have done
recently and try to use Present perfect and Present perfect continuous. (And other
tenses you think are important). Minimum 100 words.
 …

Retrieved from: [Link]

31
 Lesson 2C All day, all night
Time expressions for Present Perfect Continuous
A. WARM-UP – The most anticipated movie ever!

1. Read the dialogue below. Where do you think Rose and Jimmy are sitting and waiting
for the Avengers movie?

Sarah Hi Guys, why are you sitting there?

Rose We are waiting to buy the tickets for the premiere of avengers.
Jimmy You know! That movie of marvel superheroes
Sarah How long have you been waiting?
Rose We have been waiting for 2 hours.
Jimmy Mmm I think more. We have been here since 9h00 am.
Let me see the time. It is 3h00!
Sarah
Wow!! You have been waiting for 6 hours.
But we haven’t been sitting here at all.
Rose
We have been taking turns.
Jimmy Also, we have been talking about the movie with other fans.
Sarah Is that movie really worth all these troubles?
Jimmy Have you ever seen a Marvel movie?
Sarah No, I haven’t. I don’t like them. I think they are so far--‐fetched.
Rose Well, I really like them. I think they are so gripping.
Jimmy And that`s the reason we have been looking for those tickets
for ages.
Rose Oh look! They are opening the box office.
Retrieved from: [Link]

B. VOCABULARY- Suffixes for adjectives and nouns.

2. We sometimes make adjectives from nouns, and nouns from adjectives, by adding ( -
ness, -ous, etc.). Look at the word in the reading in Lesson b, and complete the table using
the given suffixes.

ADJECTIVE NOUN SUFFIX

Kind kindness -ness
Popular -ity
Important -ce

NOUN ADJECTIVE SUFFIX

Danger -ous
Comfort -able
Nature -al
Difficult -y

32
D. GRAMMAR – Time Expressions for Present Perfect Continuous
 We can use time expression like:

 All day, all night, all morning, all day long:

Example: Vera need a break because she has been solving math exercises
all morning
 All week
Example: They have been running the whole park all week
 For / Since
Example: We have been working together for a long time.
 How Long (for questions)

E. SPEAKING – I have been working on…. since….

8. Pairs. Think about a weird or funny situation you have had in the past, while you
have been spending time with your friends or your family. Then, explain this situation
to your partner in a video of 3 minutes. In the video, you must inform where have you
been? Whom have you been spending time with? What has happened? Has somebody
have intervened?

F. WRITING – My routines

9. Write about the main routines you have been repeating during all of your life. (Include
the use of Present perfect, present perfect continuous, and the time expressions that
applied). Upload it to Moodle. Explain minimum of 10 routines.

 …

33
Scope:
The students will be able to
use modal verbs in order to
ask for permission, and
request, and giving
suggestions.

LESSON “A”
Ouch!! I need a doctor.
OBJECTIVE: To use the modal
verbs in order to ask for
permission, request and giving
suggestions.

LESSON “B”
Shall we go home!
OBJECTIVE: To create
phrases applying shall and
ought to.

LESSON “C”
Let’s play now!!
OBJECTIVE: To read for
getting general and specific
information on topic studied.
34
 UNIT 3 MAY I GO HOME?
Students will be able to use the modals verbs in order to ask for permission /
requests and giving suggestions on certain topics related to daily life and technology

Lesson 3A I may practice more!!

May and might – health problems, expressions

A. WARM-UP - Mother Tongue

1. Read the text. Do you know what is your mother tongue? Who’s mother tongue is English then?

Mother Tongue
The first language, also known as the mother
tongue, is generally the language a person
learns first. However, one can have two or
more native languages thus being a native
bilingual or indeed multilingual.

The order in which these languages are

learned is not necessarily the order of
proficiency. Lacking in first language skills
often makes learning other languages difficult.
Often a child learns the basics of his or her first language or languages from his or her family.

The term mother tongue, however, should not be interpreted to mean that it is the language of
one's mother. For instance, in some paternal societies, the wife moves in with the husband and
thus may have a different first language or dialect than the local language of the husband. Yet
their children usually only speak their local language.
Retrieved from: [Link]

2. Read again, then select the correct option:

1. According to the passage, first language skills ----.
A) take a very long time to develop
B) play an important role in learning a new language
C) are not transferable to the second language
D) can also have negative effects in foreign language acquisition
E) can aid children only in the beginning stages of learning a second language

2. We understand from the passage that ----.

A) most bilinguals don't have a dominant language
B) the acquisition of a first language is the most complex skill anyone ever learns
C) most children have learning difficulties in acquiring their first language
D) one's mother tongue might not be the language of the parents
E) it is very rare for bilinguals to have equal competence in both their languages

35
3. One can infer from the reading that ----.
A) one cannot be a native speaker of more than two languages
B) very few children throughout the world learn to speak two languages
C) it is possible for a bilingual to become more competent in his second language
D) bilinguals use their two languages for different purposes and functions
E) only a few people learn to speak his or her mother's language like a native

B. VOCABULARY- Health and Illness

3. Look at the pictures and write the names of the illness.

fever - stomach ache – headache – toothache - sore throat – cold

cold fever headache

Sore throat toothache Stomach ache

4. Match the illness with the possible treatment. Add two more.

go to the dentist - take an aspirin - go to hospital - drink something hot

Illness Treatment
headache Take an aspirin
cold Drink something hot
toothache Go to the dentist
fever Take a paracetamol
Sore throat Drink lemon te
Heart attack Go to hospital

36
C. GRAMMAR – MAY- MIGHT (POSSIBILITY)

 We use may or might to say that something is possible happening in the

future.
 Both may and might are usually used in sentences.
Examples:
 It may be true or It might be true (=perhaps it is true)
 He may know or he might know.
 It might rain later
 We make the negative form by adding the word NOT
Full form = may not/ might not short form mightn’t
Structure

be (true) in his office.

may be (doing, working, having,
I/you/he/she/it/we/they (not)
might studying)
know, want, work, etc.

Examples: She may be working at home.

They might know the answer to your question.
Dalia may not be in her office.
 We make questions by putting the subject after may/might:
May I …? Might I …?

PRACTICE
6. Complete the conversations about the plans for the weekend. Use might / might not.

1.A: Where are you going this weekend?

B: I don't know yet. I may go to (Tim's party), but I may not go anywhere. (not / anywhere).
2.A: It’s a national holiday tomorrow, so there's no public transport.
How are Jane and Sue going to get here?
B: I don't know. They may take to (taxi), but may (not / come).
3.A: Who are you going to invite for dinner?
B: I haven't decided yet. I might (Sarah), but ________________________________ (not / Tony).
4.A: What new clothes does Clare want to buy on Saturday?
B: She's not sure yet. she might bay (some jeans), but ___________________________ (not /
anything).

37
8. Re-write sentences with may or might without changing the meaning.

1. Maybe I’ll go to the beach party tomorrow.

I may go to the beach party tomorrow.
2. Perhaps I’ll go to the Lord Mayor’s Parade on Saturday.
__I may go
3. Maybe my dad will give me the money I need.
My dad may
4. Maybe She’ marry Paul after all.
_______________________________________________________________________

9. Complete with may or might

A. May I have some tea?

B. He might arrive today, but I am not sure.
C. I was afraid that I might be late.
D. May God have mercy of your soul.
E. I told them I might go if I felt like it, but I wasn’t sure.

D. LISTENING – Word of the year

10. Listen to the audio. Then answer the following questions.

a. What was the speaker’s Word of the Year last year?

community
b. What is it this year?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Why did the speaker choose this year’s Word of the Year?

38
 E. WRITING – Education in the future
11. Think about education in the future. What things do you think may change? Think about some
possibilities regarding education in the future, May it be online? Might we have machines to
teach us? How do you think it may vary from now? Use may or might as main grammar. Write
a text with at least 120 words.

 …
1.-we may not use books, only pdf.
2.- the students may have mix class (online and presential)
3.- the class mightbrecorde without class schedule.

1.-THEY MIGHT HAVE ADVANCED DEVICES FOR ALL STUDENTS.

2.-CLASSES MAY CONTINUE VIRTUALLY.
3.-EDUCATION IN THE FUTURE MIGHT BE MUCH BETTER THAN TODAY

Lesson 3B Shall we go home?

Things in a hotel, shall and ought to

A. WARM-UP – What’s up?

1. Watch the YouTube video. What is this conversation about?

Retrieved from: [Link]

B. VOCABULARY – In the city

39
 2. Look at the pictures and write under each picture the proper phrase.

explore the town - walk down – fry-up – be alone - evening out – the coast

FRY UP Explore the town Evening out

Walk down The coast Be alone

C. READING - What Shall We Do Tomorrow?

3. Serena and George are on holiday in Devon, UK. Read the passage and then answer the
questions below:

Serena says to George: Serena:

"I think tomorrow we can have a lie in until about 8.30, and then have 1. Until what time will
a shower, then have breakfast. If you do not mind, I will have cereal they be sleeping?
and you can have a fry-up, but you will have to cook it, as I cannot Until about 8:30
2. What does George
stand cooking meat. After that, you can wash up, while I have a walk
want for breakfast?
down to the village to get the papers. I will get the Telegraph for me
and the Mirror for you, as I know you like doing the crossword. When 3. Why can’t Serena make
I get back, I thought we could play tennis for a couple of hours. Then George's breakfast?
you can drive me to the coast, where we can find a nice restaurant to ________________________
have lunch. I will probably order a large salad and you can have a fresh 4. Who of them like to do
seafood dish, if you like. After lunch, I will want to relax for a while crossword?
and be alone, so you will have to go out on your own somewhere. You George
should either explore the town, or go to the beach for a couple of 5. What time will they
hours. We will meet up again at about 5 o'clock for dinner. Then I will meet for dinner?
want you to take me out for a drink, or we could always go to the ________________________
6. What is Serena
theatre. I think they have a comedy on at the moment. After our
planning to do after dinner?
evening out, I will be tired so I will probably just go straight to bed. I __________________________
am looking forward to a lovely day tomorrow, George, dear. Have you
written everything down?"

Retrieved from: [Link]

40
we-do-tomorrow/76261

D.1. GRAMMAR – Shall

 Shall is not used very much nowadays and mostly in formal speech and some legal
documents. Originally Shall was used instead of Will in first person (with I and
We) when talking about the future. Now almost everyone uses Will with all
subjects.

 Nowadays, the most common use of shall in everyday English (although not in
American English) is in questions that serve as offers or suggestions: "Shall I ...?"
or "Shall we ...?"

 The Negative of Shall

The negative of shall is shall not (= will not). The contraction of shall not is shan't
(= won't). It is very rare to hear this used nowadays though you may find it
written in older texts.

[Link]

PRACTICE
4. Match the sentences.
Robert looks hungry. (3) 1. Shall we go to the cinema?
Julia doesn’t like parking. (8) 2. Shall we go swimming?
Her grandmother has a lot of bags. (7) 3.( Shall
) I cut you a piece of cake?
I don’t know where to go this evening. (1) 4. Shall I turn on the air conditioning?
Carlos can’t think what to have for dinner. (5) 5. Shall I make a pizza?
I want to do some sports this weekend. (2) 6. Shall I take you to the doctor?
Jason thinks it’s hot in here. (4) 7. Shall I carry them for you?
Kathy feels very sick. (6) 8. Shall I park it for you?
||
5. Change the sentences to ask for suggestions to do something. Use Shall I / we...?

1.- We’ll visit Quito when we travel to Ecuador.

Shall we visit Quito when we travel to Ecuador?

2.- I’ll play with her if she comes early.

Shall I play with her if she comes early?
3.- I’ll buy a new car if I get a good job..
Shall I buy a new car if get a good job?
4.- We’ll stay in bed if you have a cold.
Shall we stay in bed if you have a cold?
5.- We’ll run if the park is empty.
Shall wee run if the park is empty?

41
 6. Read the answers and questions with Shall. Use I or We and the word in the box.

Where When What Which How Who

1.- (I) What shall I buy for mother’s day.

You can buy a bouquet of flowers.
2.- (We) who shall we call if we have feber?
You can call a doctor.
3.- (I)

D.2 GRAMMAR – Ought to

Ought to is a semi-modal verb because it is in some ways like a modal verb and some ways
like a main verb. For example, unlike modal verbs, it is followed by to, but like modal
verbs, it does not change form for a person:
I ought to phone my parents.
It ought to be easy now.
Affirmative
Ought to comes first in the verb phrase (after the subject and before another verb):
We ought to do more exercise.
Ought to cannot be used with another modal verb:
Medicine ought to be free.
Negative
The negative is formed by adding ‘not’ after ought (ought not to). It can be contracted
to oughtn’t to. We don’t use don’t, doesn’t, didn’t with ought to:

We oughtn’t to have ordered so much food.

You oughtn’t to have said that about his mother.
Not: You didn’t ought to have said that about his mother.
The negative of ought to is not common. We usually use shouldn’t or should not instead:
You shouldn’t speak to your father like that. (preferred to You oughtn’t to speak …)
Questions
The subject and ought to change position to form questions. We don’t use do, does, did:
Ought she to call the police?
Not: Does she ought to call the police?
Ought we to be more worried about the environment?
Not: Do we ought to be more worried about the environment?

[Link]

42
PRACTICE
7. Complete the sentences below by using 'ought to' to give advice.
1. A: I feel thirsty.
B: You ought to drink some water
2. A: Carl can’t see very well.
B: He ought to glasses
3. A: Our car has a low tire.
B: We ought to change it
4. A: English is very difficult for me.
B: You ought to practice more
5. A Camila can’t swim.
B: She ought to take swimming classes
6. A: They don’t have much energy for the game.
B: They ought to sleep a couple of hours
7. A I think the museum is far away. B: We ought to take a taxi
8. Re-write suggestion using ought to.

1.- You should do more exercise.

You ought to do more exercise.
2.- She should visit her grandparents.
She ought to visit her grandparents.
3.- You should clean your teeth every day.
You ought to clean your teeth every day.
4.- We should eat healthy food.
_ We ought to eat healthy food
5.- He should study for the exam.
He ought to study for the exam
6.- You should lock the door when you go out.
You ought to lock the door when you go out.

E. LISTENING – Sounds like fun!

9. Listen to the following video about two friends.
Then answer the questions

43
[Link]

1. What will Hievda be doing on Friday?

Hievda Shall be working on my science report

2. Which movie will Marissa and Sam be watching?

Marissa and Sam shall be watching the new movie mission impossible

3. What time will Hievda be leaving to go to the movie?

Hievda Shall be leaving to go to the movie at twelve

4. Why will Bill be hosting a party on Saturday?

Bill shall be hosting a party on Saturday to celebrate that weekend

5. What will Hievda be doing before eating dinner?

Hievda shall be doing walk dog

44
Lesson 3C Let's play now!!
Complementary activities based on language skills

A. WARM-UP - Quiz: May or Might

1. Log in to the following link and choose may or might, the topic learned in 4A

[Link]

B. LISTENING – A student discussion

2. Listen to the audio again and complete the sentences with words from the box.
[Link]

Astronomical nitrogen frozen support Gravity same

1. Most people think Mars can support human life.

2. We measure distances in space using Astronomical units.

3. The two planets aren’t the same color.

4. Most of the water on Mars is probably frozen

5. The air on Earth is mostly made up of nitrogen

3. Gravity on Mars is just over one third as strong as on Earth.

Retrieved from: [Link]

b1/a-student-discussion

45
C. READING - Tipping Advice
3. Choose the best answer(s) for each question.

In many countries, it is normal for people to give a small amount of money to a worker who helps
or serves them. This is called a tip. People from cultures where there is no tipping often get
confused when traveling abroad. Here is some advice about tipping to help you:

There is no rule about tipping that works in every country. In some countries, like Albania, it is
normal to tip nearly everyone all the time. In other countries, such as Canada, only taxi drivers
and wait staff expect a tip. In other countries, you should never tip. In China, for example, it is
considered insulting to tip someone.

It is always a good idea to pay a tip using cash. If you tip with a credit card, the money may go to
the owner of the company instead of your waiter or driver. They might also need to wait for days
or weeks to receive your tip.

There is no rule about the amount you need to tip. In most countries where tipping happens, a
10% to 15% tip would be normal. Of course, you don’t need to give a tip if the service is poor.
You can also tip more than 15% if you feel the service was particularly good.

Tips are sometimes included in the bill. Before you decide to pay a tip, check your bill very
carefully. Quite often, the tip is already added in as a “service charge” and added to the total on
the bill.

By the way, the biggest tip ever given was $3 million! In 1984, a New York City police officer
named Robert Cunningham was eating at his favorite restaurant. He didn’t have enough money
for a tip so he told his waitress, Phyllis Penzo, he would share his money with her if he won the
lottery. When Cunningham won the lottery, he kept his promise and split the money with the
waitress.
Retrieved from: [Link]

1. When is normal to give a tip?

A. You received a poor service
B. You are upset about the service
C. You received a nice service
D. You had a complaint
2. Which country, according to the reading, only for taxi drivers and the wait staff get a tip?
A. Albania
B. USA
C. Ecuador
D. Canada
3. You should always give a tip if you are in China.
A. True
B. False
4. Which of the following sentences are true?
A. In Albania, they tip everyone all the time
B. You have to give a tip even if the service is poor
C. The tip might be more than 30%
D. In some countries are considered insulting to tip someone

46
 D. WRITING – Shall you…..
4. Write a composition about your future as a professional. What shall you do when you finish
your career?

 …

- Where may you work?

I may work in a telecommunications company
- How shall be you in the future?
I shall be an information systems engineer
- What ought you to do to get to this future?
I ought to study hard to successfully complete my career

E. SPEAKING: Professional Future

5. Speak in the online class answering these questions.

Imagine your professional life in the future

- Where may you work?
- How shall be you in the future?
- What ought you to do to get to this future?

47
Scope:
The students will be able to
use zero conditional to
describe facts or logical
conclusion.

LESSON A
If this is a good habit…
OBJECTIVES: To be able to
use zero conditional to
describe facts and logical
conclusion.

LESSON B
What happen if…
OBJECTIVE: To apply zero
conditional in its different
forms.

LESSON C
Modern Art
OBJECTIVE: To use zero
conditional in simple past
tense.
48
UNIT 4 MODERNITY
Students will be able to use the zero conditional to describe facts or logical conclusions

Lesson 4A If this is a good habit….

Zero conditional – Affirmative Form
A. WARM-UP – Zero conditional
1. Watch the YouTube video, then copy all of the statements and repeat them. Then,
upload a video in Moodle, creating 5 new statements using zero conditional.
(Remember to practice speaking properly in the video)

Retrieved from: [Link]

B. VOCABULARY- Habits
2. Match the phrases in the box with the pictures.
arrive early be lazy dress properly
wake up early have good grades drive safe

Have good grades arrive early drive safe

Wake up early be lazy dress properly

49
READING – Mommy Issues

MOMMY ISSUES

3. Read the article and answer these questions about the text you read.

1. How many activities did the daughter learn? Mention 1

She

2. Why did she need to go for a walk with her best friend?
Because she had

3. When did the woman realize how cold it was?

_____________________________________________________________________

4. What did she do?

_____________________________________________________________________

5. What is she going to do tomorrow?

_____________________________________________________________________

6. If you dye your hair too much, it falls out. True or False
_____________________________________________________________________

Retrieved from: [Link]

conditional-0/zero-conditional-reading-comprehension-sheet/123351

50
D. GRAMMAR – Zero conditional
It is also called “The Logical Conditional”
This is sometimes also called the present conditional. We use this conditional
to talk about a fact or convey a logical conclusion.
Examples:
 If you mix yellow and blue, you get green.
 If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
 If you fall off your motorcycle, it hurts.

 The structure looks like this:

If + present tense clause + present tense clause

It is often used to describe scientific rules which are, by definition,

unchanging...so the results always happen the same.
Examples:
 If you take the ice out of the fridge in summer, it melts.
 A stone sinks if you throw it in a lake.

We can also use the zero conditional to say what we do as a rule in certain
situations. Here, we are not talking about what we do in a particular, specific
situation (e.g. tonight, tomorrow) but what we always do in these conditions.
Examples:
 If I get a headache, I go and lie down.
 If I miss the train, my sister always gives me a lift to work.

PRACTICE
4. Re-order these words to make Zero Conditional sentences.

1. work / I / If / wake / I / late / am / late / . / for / up /,

If I wake late, I am late for up
2. hat / Julie / , /a/ . / gets/ doesn’t / if / sunstroke / wear
if you Julie doesn’t wear a hat,
3. . / well / they / children / aren’t / eat / don’t / if
Children aren’t well, if they don’t eat
4. get / yellow / . / you / fingers / , / smoke / your / if
if you smoke, your fingers yellow.
5. annoyed / I / . / gets / he /Raul / to / if / speak
he gets annoyed, if I speak to raul
6. of /party / a /. / Jenny / has / people / lots / , / if / come
if jenny has a party, lots of people come

Retrieved from: [Link]

[Link]

51
5. Match the “If clauses” on your left with the “words” on your right. Then, write a complete
sentence adding a second clause and using an appropriate verb.

1. If I get a headache ☐coffee _________________________

2. If I get lost ☐map _________________________
3. If I feel tired ☐chocolate _________________________
4. If I can't sleep ☐ATM card _________________________
5. If I get hungry ☐dark room _________________________
6. If I don't understand the word ☐sleeping pill_________________________
7. If I feel tired in the morning
☐siesta _________________________
8. If I need cash
☐dictionary _________________________
Retrieved from: [Link]
[Link]

6. Zero conditional- Affirmative form- Grammar Practice.

1.- If she works (work) hard, my daughter passes (pass) her exams.
2.- If Robert drinks (drink), he is (be) sick.
3.- If it is (be) very cold, the river freezes (freeze).
4.- If the weather is (be) fine, I cycle (cycle) to work.
5.- If she cleans (clean) the house, my flat mate cleans (clean) really well.
6.- If it rains (rain) a lot, they are (be) grumpy.
7.- My brother drives (drive) slow, If it is (be) dark.
8.- I eat (eat) candys, if I feel (feel) weak.
9.- Camila plays (play) with John, If he comes (come) to visit.
10.- They carry (carry) your bags, If you give (give) a tip.

7. Match the two parts of the sentences. They are all in zero conditional.

1.- Have a good rest a if you want to feel an adrenaline rush.

2.- Buy a new skis b if you feel exhausted after mountain biking.
3.- Meet me at ten on the beach c if you think you’re getting too fat for any sport
4.- Go bungee jumping d if your old ones are worn out
5.- Don’t eat so many cakes e if you want to go rock climbing
6.- Get the proper ropes and harnesses f if you want to go surfing with me

52
 E. LISTENING – Zero Conditional
8. Listen to the audio, then answer the following questions.
Retrieved from:
[Link]
g_A1%5E_Zero_conditional_pm1252868oo

Conversation 1 Conversation 2
Choose the best option: Listen and complete with a word:

A: Where do you work? C: When it snows do you go skiing?

B: I work / works at the beach. I am a F: I do if I have time?
lifeguard. C: I ski too. What is the best place to ski?
A: Nice. That must / mustn’t be a great job. F: Sugar bowl is a good place when there
B: Sometimes. But if it is hot, it get / gets is enough snow.
really busy. C: What months does it get snow?
A: Oh, yeah? What about in winter? F If it is a good winter, it gets lots of snow
B: When winter come / comes, the from December to March.
beaches are empty so there’s no work.
A: Oh,too bad!

Conversation 3
Listen and write true (T) or false (F)

The woman teaches all the days of the week. F

She teaches school students. F
She doesn’t teach if there are fewer than twenty students. T

F. WRITING – What if?

9. Answer the following questions using zero conditional:

1. What happens if you get upset?

 …
2. What happens if your mom is sick?
 …if my mom, your is sick
3. What happens if you drink too much alcohol?
I
4. What happens if you drive too fast?
 …I
5. What happens if you watch a terror movie?
 …
6. What happens if you lose your keys?
 …I
7. What happens if you walk every morning?

8. What happens if you finish your homework?
 …
9. What happens if you learn English?
 …
10. What happens if you don’t train for the competition? 53
 …
Lesson 4B What happens if…?
Zero conditional – Negative and Interrogative Form

A. VOCABULARY – Multitasking Mom

1. Look at the picture about current a multitasking super mom. Then, match the words in the box
with the activities in the picture, giving the corresponding number to the activity.

1. Cook

2. Clean
3
3. Work 2
4. Purchase

5. Baby Care

6. Telephone 6 5
6
Calls

1 4

B. GRAMMAR – Zero Conditional

Negative Form

If + present tense negative clause + present tense clause

or
If + present tense clause + present tense negative clause

 Negative Zero conditional sentences have a particularity, one of the clauses

considers what doesn’t occur when the other clause is accomplished.
 In the negative zero conditional hen, it indicates what would not happen if
something else occurs.
Example:
 If children always speak during the teacher´s explanation, they
can’t progress at school.
 Plants die if they don´t have access to water and nutrients.
 You have to stay at home if you don´t want to catch a cold

54
 Interrogative Form

Yes/No Questions Structure:

Do/ does + present tense clause + If + present tense clause?
or
If + present tense clause + do/ does + present tense clause?

Yes/No Question Shor Answer – Shor Answer –

Affirmative Negative
Do you cry if you Yes, I do No, I don’t
are sad?
If your father Yes, he does No, he doesn’t
comes, does he hug
you?

Wh-Questions Structure:
Wh- word + do/does + present tense clause + If + present tense clause?
or
If + present tense clause + Wh-word + do/ does + present tense clause?

Wh-Questions
What do you do if you If you have a problem,
have a problem? what do you do?
Where does she go if she If she get sick, where
gets sick? does she go?

PRACTICE
2. Answer the zero conditional questions by choosing the correct number for each one. Just
write the correct number in each line.

a. What do you do if you get a headache? 12

b. What do you do if you feel bored in your English class? 8
c. What do you do if you get toothache? 3
d. What do you do if you get sunburnt? 16

55
 e. What do you do if you can't sleep at night? 6
f. What do you do if you feel sleepy during the day? 14
g. What do you do if you don't understand your English teacher? 1
h. What do you do if you don't want to do your English homework? 9
i. What does your teacher do if you talk in class? 2
j. What do your parents do if you are not in touch regularly? 11
k. What do you do if you oversleep? 4
l. What do your friends do if you forget their birthdays? 18
m. What do you do if you have to prepare for a difficult exam? 5
n. What do you do if you feel hungry at night? 13
o. What do you do if there is nothing on TV? 10
p. What do you do if you cut yourself? 15
q. What do you do if you receive bad service in a restaurant? 7
r. What do you do if something you buy breaks after a few days? 17

Retrieved from: [Link]

3. Complete the sentences using zero conditional with the information in the brackets.
Use contractions where possible.

1. My parents are happy _______________ (eat) ice cream.

2. I go to the gym if it isn’t ( it/ not crowd).
3. If you walk in the night, (someone / could / rob) you.
4. They (pass ) the exam if they study hard.
5. If you don’t pay the rent, you lose (you/lose) the house.
6. We don’t miss the class if we leave (we/leave) now.
7. _______________ (She / not cry), If she goes out with her friends.
8. If Susan lose her keys, she (she/sleep) in her mother’s house.

Retrieved from:
[Link]
elLanguage=en

56
 C. READING – Mobile devices
6. Read the text about this game forum. Then, answer T or F (True or False)

Crazy Hunt – Does anyone know how do I find Kieran’s House?

Wendy65: Hi! Does anyone know how do I find

Kieran’s house if you get to level 5?

LindaUK90 Hreball100
Re: Crazy Hunt – Does anyone know Re: Crazy Hunt – Does anyone know
how do I find Kieran’s House? how do I find Kieran’s House?

That depends on how you got to level 5. If If you are near the hospital, go past it. Then,
you’re near the drugstore (we call it turn right into Pasadena High. There’s a secret
chemist in the UK) opposite the school, passage to Kieran’s house on left. But if you
see Joe’s Bar, don’t get closer, when you find
don’t go straight, turn right two blocks.
the robots there, they always attack you! Be
You will find a clue there. careful!
Lisa.London9
Re: Crazy Hunt – Does anyone know how do I find Kieran’s House?

Hi Wendy! You can go along Main St. and then walk into the night club between AI Supermarket
and the movie theater (cinema for us here in England). Look for a tall man there, called Drake.
But he doesn’t take you there if you don’t have any money.

Connan_33
Re: Crazy Hunt – Does anyone know how do I find Kieran’s House?

If u r on Main St., turn left into Rover St. It takes time because there are lots of robots in the area,
but you get more points. Then, walk through the park towards Pasadena High and do what
Lisa_London9 says.

1. F If you are near the drugstore, turn left to find a clue.

2. F There’s a street passage in Joe’s Bar
3. _T_____ You can find the Robots between AI Supermarket and the cinema.
4. __F____ If you go along Main Street, you can get extra points.
5. T Walk through the park towards Pasadena High and do what Lisa_London says.
Retrieved from:

57
[Link]
ditional/Zero_conditional_ze369036it

D. WRITING – Family Facts

7. Write 5 sentences about your family members using Zero conditional

1. If my brother doesn’t find his phone, He gets crazy.

 If my nephews study, then their parents are happy

 if my mom runs, she gets tired
 my dad gets furious if I don't study
 if my sister sleeps well, rest
 if it's late, my mother cooks fast

E. SPEAKING

8. PAIRS. Pick a partner to practice!

Record a video of 3 minutes. Using zero conditional create a conversation explaining:

Student 1: How to get to the stadium, from the shopping mall.

If you take a bus, you get off at the federation stop
If you take a taxi, you get off at the door of the stadium
If you drive my car, you stop in the parking area
Student 2: How to get the Shopping mall, from your house.
Then, upload it to Moodle.

58
Lesson 4C Special People
Complementary activities

A. WARM-UP – Special Woman

1. Do you know who Kamala Harris is? Watch the video to find out about this very special
woman and her new job.

Retrieved from: [Link]

Answer the following questions. True (T), False (F)

Kamala Harris is the President of the USA._F__

In the USA women got the right to vote in 1965 F_
In the USA black people got the right to vote in 1920 F
Shirley Chisholm was the first black woman to appear on television F
Kamala Harris's father is from India F
Kamala Harris's mother was from India T

Retrieved from: [Link]

harris-why-her-new-job-so-important

59
 B. LISTENING – Special Woman
2. Watch the video about a special woman again. Put the sentences in the correct groups.

She’s the first woman vice president in the USA.

She’s very proud of being half Indian.
She’s the first non-white American vice president.
She was not allowed to join in TV debates.
She was treated unfairly because of the color of her skin.
She was the first black woman in congress.

Kamala Harris Shirley Chisholm

She’s the first woman vice She was not allowed to join in TV debates.
president in the USA.
She was treated unfairly because
She’s the first non-white American of the color of her skin.
vice president.
She was the first black woman in
She’s very proud of being half congress.
Indian.

Retrieved from: [Link]

harris-why-her-new-job-so-important

C. GRAMMAR – Zero conditional

 The word “if” can be substituted with the word “when” in many sentences and it
will mean the same. We keep the same structure explained before.
For Example:
 When you heat oil, it starts to smoke.
 When you read books, you learn things
 Occasionally we use the past simple in both the if-clause and the main clause as
shown in the following examples:
For example:
 If Peter was at home, he didn’t answer the phone.
(When we make assumptions)
 If ever I was bored, I hung around with my mates.
(When we talk about the way things used to be in the past)
retrieved from:
[Link]

60
[Link]
PRACTICE

3. Unscramble. Make a zero conditional sentence.

Example: “sick / get / school / to / go /I / don’t / I”

“If I get sick, I don’t go to school”
1. water / they / you / die / don’t / the plants
If you don’t water the plants, they die
2. to / ball/ want/ take / you / play /a
If you want to play, take a ball
3. doctor / go / I / sick / get / the / to
if I get sick ,go to the doctor
4. don’t / you /drive / drink
if you drink don't drive
5. go / surfing / I/ sunny / is / It
if it is sunny ,I go surfing
Retrieved from: [Link]
forms

5. Choose the correct sentence.

A. 1. When I stay up late, I am tired the next morning

2. When I am tired the next morning, I stay up late.
B. 1. My brother cries when he loses games.
2. My brother loses games when he cries.
C. 1. When I go on a diet, I start to lose weight.
2. When I start to lose weight, I go on a diet.
D. 1. Animals die when they don’t get enough food.
2. When animals die, they don’t get enough food.

6. Complete with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. zero conditional

1) I feel (feel) good the next day if I go (go) to bed early.

2) Lots of people come (come) if Jenny has (have) a party.
3) She buys (buy) expensive clothes if she goes (go) shopping.
4) My daughter passes (pass) her exams if she works (work) hard.

61
 D. READING- Charlie Chaplin’s Early Life
7. Read the text about Charles Chaplin, then, answer True or False.

Charlie Chaplin's Early Life

He was believed to have been born on April 16, 1889. There is some doubt
whether April 16 is actually his birthday, and it is possible he was not born
in 1889. There is also uncertainty about his birthplace: London or
Fontainebleau, France. There is no doubt, however, as to his parentage: he
was born to Charles Chaplin, Sr. and Hannah Harriette Hill (aka Lily Harley
on stage), both Music Hall entertainers. His parents separated soon after
his birth, leaving him in the care of his increasingly unstable mother.

In 1896, Chaplin's mother was unable to find work; Charlie and his older half-brother Sydney
Chaplin had to be left in the workhouse at Lambeth, moving after several weeks to Hanwell
School for Orphans and Destitute Children. His father died an alcoholic when Charlie was 12, and
his mother suffered a mental breakdown, and was eventually admitted temporarily to the Cane
Hill Asylum at Coulsdon (near Croydon). She died in 1928 in the United States, two years after
coming to the States to live with Chaplin, by then a commercial success.

Charlie first took to the stage when, aged five, he performed in Music Hall in 1894, standing in
for his mother. As a child, he was confined to a bed for weeks due to a serious illness, and, at
night, his mother would sit at the window and act out what was going on outside. In 1900, aged
11, his brother helped get him the role of a comic cat in the pantomime Cinderella at the London
Hippodrome. In 1903 he appeared in 'Jim, A Romance of Cockayne', followed by his first regular
job, as the newspaper boy Billy in Sherlock Holmes, a part he played into 1906. This was followed
by Casey's 'Court Circus' variety show, and, the following year, he became a clown in Fred Karno's
'Fun Factory' slapstick comedy company.

According to immigration records, he arrived in the United States with the Karno troupe on
October 2, 1912. In the Karno Company was Arthur Stanley Jefferson, who would later become
known as Stan Laurel. Chaplin and Laurel shared a room in a boarding house. Stan Laurel
returned to England but Chaplin remained in the United States. Chaplin's act was seen by film
producer Mack Sennett, who hired him for his studio, the Keystone Film Company.

1. Chaplin was born on April 16,1889 in United States. T/F

2. Chaplin's father died when he was a little child. T/F
3. Chaplin’s mother died in 1928 in the United Stated. T/F
4. His first took to the stage was in 1894. T/F
5. His first role was as a Sherlock Holmes. T/F
6. Chaplin and Stan Laurel were roommates in the United States. T/F

62
E. SPEAKING – Iconic Personalities
8. Do some research and select an iconic
personality, that is famous around the world.
Then, record and audio answering those
questions?
- What do you like about that person?
- Why is an iconic person?
- What topic will you discuss with your
iconic person?

F. WRITING - PAIRS
9. Do you know those artists? Those are Ecuadorian famous artists. Write a short
biography of an iconic person from Ecuador. Use all the tenses you have reviewed until
this unit. Upload it to Moodle. Write at least 120 words.

 …

63
Scope:
The students will talk
about what they normally
do in their daily life.

LESSON A
Nature
OBJECTIVE: To talk about
what we normally do in real-
life situation using first
conditional.

LESSON B
Global Issues
OBJECTIVE: To use the
first conditional in dialogues.

LESSON C
Let’s do it!
OBJECTIVE: To use
imperatives in dialogues.

64
 UNIT 5 IF WE TAKE CARE…
Students will talk about what they normally do in real - life situations.

Lesson 5A Nature
First conditional – Affirmative Form

A. WARM-UP – MAKING PLANS

1. Do you find it easy to make plans for the weekend? What do your plans depend on?
In this lesson, Anne talks about her plans for the weekend.

Retrieved from: [Link]

lessons/making-plans-first-conditional

B. LISTENING – MAKING PLANS

2. Go to Moodle and complete the two tasks presented after watching this video:

Retrieved from: [Link]

lessons/making-plans-first-conditional

65
C. READING – Strange Holiday Resorts
3. Match the given images with the corresponding descriptions below

2 5

6 1

1) Panda lovers of the world now have another place to call home (for a few nights,
at least). In 2013, the Panda Inn, a panda-themed hotel in China's Sichuan province,
opened its doors to guests. The 32-room hotel is decorated with panda art, panda
furniture and panda-shaped stuffed animals. Even staff members dress in panda
suits. [Panda Inn, Sichuan, China]
2) Welcome to Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland. Here you can live with the Inuit and
incredible wildlife that surrounds Igloo Village. Dog sledding, traveling to frozen
fjords, visiting deserted villages, and sleeping in an icy cave are just a few of the
things you can do at this cold weather destination. Hopefully the local bears won’t
realize you’re a tourist and eat you out of spite. [Igloo Village]
3) Some people are skipping their cruise to the Caribbean and opting to sail to a
Texas-sized patch of floating trash in the Pacific Ocean instead. For about $10,000
per person, you can head to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch — famous for its high
concentrations of plastic waste, chemical sludge, and debris trapped by the
currents of the North Pacific Gyre (a swirling pattern of oceanic currents).
Vacationers help operate a trawl that collects microscopic plastic particles that
threaten local wildlife and haul bigger heaps of junk offshore. [Great Pacific
Garbage Patch]
4) Rio Tinto, or Red River as it translates, is a river in Andalucía famed for its colored
water. The unusual river is one of the places on Earth that most closely resembles
the surface of Mars. The site along the river is full of copper, silver, gold, iron and
has been heavily mined since ancient times. The river's water is dense due to the
metals it carries and it has low oxygen content. [Rio Tinto, Spain]
5) Alnwick is home to about 100 killer plants like Atropa belladonna (deadly
nightshade), Strychnos nux-vomica (strychnine), and Conium maculatum
(hemlock). The garden has a license to grow things like cannabis, which is kept
behind bars in a giant cage. Another attraction Alnwick is popular for is the castle
on the same grounds that was a stand-in for Hogwarts in several of the Harry
Potter films. [Alnwick Poison Garden]
6) The world’s only indoor beach was located in Miyazaki, Japan. It shut down in
2007, but during its 14-year run the Ocean Dome saw up to 1.25 million visitors
per year. The Dome featured a fake volcano, fake sand, fake fish and fauna, a steady
86 degrees Fahrenheit, and water park rides. The vast man-made beach measured
around 984 feet long and had a retractable roof that sported a permanent blue sky.
[Seagaia Ocean Dome]

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D. GRAMMAR – First Conditional Expressions
When
 We use the First Conditional when we talk about future situations, we Unless
believe are real or possible. The structure in affirmative sentences is As long as
usually: As soon as
In case
If clause (condition) Result clause
If + subject + simple present subject + will + verb

Example:
 If you go to Rio Tinto in Spain, you will get gold and cooper
 If Janet works hard, her family will have a better life.

 You can use be going to in the result clause instead of will to express a future possible
result.
Example:
 If I have enough money, I am going to buy a new car next year.

PRACTICE
4. Complete the sentences with the correct verb forms.

1) If you ______ (go) out tonight, I _______ (go) to the cinema.

2) IWill
_______
be (be) angry If you ______ (get) back late.
3) If my girlfriendcomes
comes _____
will (come),
be will be(be) surprised.
I ______
4) If we dont
______see
(not/see) each other tomorrow, get We will
______
see(see) each other next week.
5) If I Wait
______ (wait) here, I ______
will be(be) late.
Wont have does not improve
6) Carlos ______ (not have) a picnic if the
Wont have doesweather
not improve ______ (not
I improve).
7) If you ______
Visit (visit) Tres Postes, you will
will be ______
see (see) the aquatic park in the road.
8) She Will wear
______ (wear) sunglases If the sun ______ is be
(be) very shiny.
Climb
9) If you _______ (climb) a mountain you will need
______ (need) strong ropes.
Tidies will have
10) If Alison _______ (tidy) our room, I ______ (have) more time to play video games.

5. Use the words given and the verbs in brackets to write sentences in the first
conditional.

1.- (you/ like) Italian painting (you/love) the exhibition.

If you like Italian painting, you will love the exhibition.
___________________________________________________________________________________
2.- (you/want) to meet Michael (you/ have to) come back tomorrow.
If you want to meet Michael, you will have to come back tomorrow.
___________________________________________________________________________________
3.- (he/hope) to pass the exam (he/need to) study much harder.
If he hope to pass the exam, He will need to study much harder.
___________________________________________________________________________________
4.- (they/ work) this hard (they/ finish) the job very quickly.
If they work this hard, they will finish the job very quickly.
___________________________________________________________________________________
5.- (she/ drive) fast (she/have) and accident.
If she drive fast, she will have and accident.
___________________________________________________________________________________
6.- (we/use) computer (we/finish) earlier.
If we use computer, we will finishearlier
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 __________________________________________________________________________________

6. Complete these sentences, creating your own ideas. Remember to use First conditional.

I’ll call my parents, ______________________________________________

I’ll drink a glass of water, ______________________________________________
If I get up early, ______________________________________________
I’ll be at the next class, ______________________________________________
After I finish this course, I ______________________________________________
I’ll park here every night, ______________________________________________
I’m going to________ this weekend unless __________________________________
When I retire, I think I ______________________________________________
I’ll be very upset if ______________________________________________

7. Match the beginnings and endings of the sentences.

1. If we go to London, a) you will feel sick.

2. You will win b) if the weather is nice.
3. If we miss the bus, c) I’ll get a souvenir T-shirt for you.
4. No one will come to the party d) if you tell them the same day.
5. If I play really well tomorrow, e) if I study tonight.
6. I will do well in the test f) if you play as well as you can.
7. If you eat a lot just before sleeping, g) we’ll get a taxi.
8. We will go out tomorrow h) I think I’ll win the game.

E. SPEAKING – Resorts
8. Record a video (three minutes long)
where you explain which place of Ecuador
would you like to visit. Give 4 reasons.
(Upload it to the Moodle)

F. WRITING – Places of Ecuador

9. Write a short composition (a paragraph) where you recommend to the people visit
one of your favorites places in Ecuador. Explain the reasons for your recommendation.
Write at least 120 words

68
Lesson 5B Global Issues
First conditional – Negative and Question Form

A. WARM-UP – First Conditional

1. Listen to the song in this video.

Recognize the first conditional structure. Then,
change the affirmative sentences to negative.

Retrieved from: [Link]

B. VOCABULARY – GLOBAL ISSUES

2. Match the words in the box with the pictures.

Anti-‐hunger Chemicals Crops Fertilizer Harvest Poverty Profit Seeds

poverty seeds harvest fertilizer

crops anti-hunger profit chemicals

69
C. GRAMMAR – First Conditional
NEGATIVE FORM
 We use the First Conditional in negative sentences when we talk about future
situations, we believe are not real or possible to happen.
The structure in negative sentences is usually:
If + do/does not + present simple, will + verb (in infinitive)

Example:
 If it doesn’t rain, we’ll travel to the beach.
 I won’t go to the party unless my friends call me.
 Jack won’t be fat if he doesn’t eat too much.

QUESTION FORM
 When we work with questions, this is never in the If –clause. Use the regular question
word order.
Example:
 If you are sick tomorrow, will someone else be able to do your work?
 If you can’t drive to work, how will you get there?

PRACTICE
3. Complete the sentences using the correct form

1) If Henry doesn’t (not/work) harder, he won’t (not/pay off) his debts soon.
2) Life wont (not/be) easy for me if we aren’t (not/be) together.
3) If it rains (rain) tomorrow, we won’t not/ fly) to London.
4) Lorena will be (be) sick if she doesn’t (not/take care)
5) If you don’t (not/dedicate) time to your family, you will (lose) them.
6) If the child doesn’t (not/eat) salad, he won’t (not/have) dessert.
7) English wont (not/be) important for you unless you like (like) it.
8) If you don’t (not/take) an aspirin, your headache won’t (not/disappear).
9) The teachers wont (not/feel) disappointed if the students do (do) their tasks.
10) My boss will (get) angry if I don’t (not/arrive) on time.
11) I won’t (not/want) to stay in Spain unless I get (get) a well-paid job.
12) If the students have (have) difficulties with the internet, they won’t (not/watch)
the video.

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4. Complete the phrases with the verbs in brackets, use first conditional in negative form.

1) Mike __________ (not/ leave) the house if you __________ (not/ tell) him.
2) I __________ (not/buy) a bigger house if I __________ (not/get) promoted at work.
3) They__________ (be) angry if we __________ (not/ visit) them next Saturday.
4) Karla__________ (cook) the dinner if she __________ (not/have) to work.
5) What__________ (happen) if you __________ (not/go) to work tomorrow.
6) He _______________(not/ can) go out later if he __________ (not/wash) wash the car.
7) If he __________ (not/finish) the vegetable, he __________ (not/have) a dessert.
8) If you __________ (not/ put) sugar in your coffee, it __________ (not/taste) nice.
9) Sandra, If you __________ (not/hurry up) you__________ (be) late for the meeting.
10) If I __________ (not/ lend) my book to you, you __________ (not read) it.

5. Underline the proper form of the verb.

1) If we won’t start/ don’t start now, We won’t finish/don’t finish before 7

2) If we won’t protect/don’t protect the whales, they will be/ are extinguished.
3) If you won’t go/ don’t go to bed now, you will be /are tired tomorrow.
4) You won’t get /don’t get a good job if you don’t pass/passed the exam.
5) The lesson won’t begin/doesn’t begin if you won’t be /aren’t ready.
6) You will arrive/do arrive on time for lunch if there isn’t/ won’t be traffic.

6. Change these sentences from affirmative to negative form.

1) If it snows tomorrow, we will play outside.

2) If you buy that car, you will go everywhere.
3) My parents will be very happy if we send the homework on time.
4) If you dance with me, we will win the competition.
5) Tatiana will disappear if you ask for money.
1) If it doesn't snow tomorrow, we will not play outside.
2) If you don’t buy that car, you will not go everywhere.
3) My parents will not be very happy if we don’t send the homework on time.
4) If you don’t dance with me, we will not win the competition.
5) Tatiana will not disappear if you don't ask for money.

71
D. LISTENING AND READING

7. Listen to the presentation about Integrated farming and fill in the eight spaces with the words
you listen to.

Farming Techniques That Will Feed a Family

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that poor countries will spend up to
one hundred seventy billion dollars this year to import food. This is an increase of forty percent
from last year. The United Nations agency says the rising price of food over the past year is a
serious problem because most hungry people also live in (1) POVERTY.
A humanitarian organization based in Washington D.C. has a new (2) ANTI-HUNGER project.
Women for Women International is teaching poor women in Sudan and Rwanda a new food
production system called commercial integrated farming. The women are trained to grow crops
that not only feed their families, but also earn them a (3) PROFIT.
Pat Morris is program director at Women for Women International. The group launched its
commercial integrated farming program in Rwanda. Female farmers receive information about
what kind of SEEDS (4) to use, how to farm without (5) CHEMICALS and when to (6) HARVEST.
The program also provides business skills training. Mizz Morris says women being trained in
Rwanda could more than triple the amount of money they earn from farming.
With integrated farming, the women raise animals and different (7) CROPS on one piece of land.
Animal waste provides (8) FERTILIZER. Some of the crops can be used as animal feed. In
Rwanda, the women have been able to grow traditional crops like bananas and sorghum grain
along-side higher-value crops, such as pineapples. A hectare of farmland in Rwanda used to
earn about four hundred twenty dollars a year. But a family using integrated farming
techniques on the same piece of land can earn as much as three thousand five hundred dollars
a year.
Women for Women International works with local community partners to design and carry out
its integrated farming program. Grace Fisiy is an agricultural business expert working in
Rwanda and Sudan. She says the local media in both countries have helped educate people
about integrated farming. Women for Women International plans to train at least three
thousand women in Sudan and Rwanda. Mizz Fisiy hopes the program will expand to other
countries as well.

Retrieved from: [Link]

72
Lesson 5C Let’s do it!
Imperatives

A. WARM-UP - HEY JUDE

1. Listen to the song and answer: What do you feel
when you listen to it?

Retrieved from:
[Link]

B. LISTENING - HEY JUDE

2. Listen again and fill in the gaps using the words in the box.

Don’t be - take - don’t carry - remember(2) - let(3) refrain - don’t make(2)

begin - plays - don’t know - make(2) - don’t be - take(2) - don’t let
.

Hey Jude 1 DON’T MAKE it bad. 2 TAKE a sad song and 3 MAKE it better 4
REMENBER to let her into your heart, then you can start to make it better.
Hey Jude, 5 DON’T BE afraid, you were made to go out and get her.
The minute you let her under your skin, then you begin to make it better.
And anytime you feel the pain, hey Jude, 6 REFRAIN,
7 DON’T CARRY the world upon your shoulders.
For well you know that it’s a fool who 8 PLAYS it cool
by making his world a little colder.
Na na na na na, na na na.
Hey Jude, 9DON’T LET me down. You have found her,
now go and get her.
The minute, you 10 LET her into your heart, then you can start to make it
better.
So 11 LET it out and 12 LET it in, hey Jude, 13 BEGIN,
You’re waiting for someone to perform with.
And 14 DON’T you KNOW that it’s just you, hey Jude, you’ll do,
the moment you need is on your shoulder.
Na na na na na, na na na.
Hey Jude 15 DON’T MAKE it bad. 16_____________ a sad song and
17_________________ it better.
18_________________ to let her under your skin, then you’ll begin to make it
better, better, better, better, better.
Na na na na na, na na na, na na na na na, na na na, hey Jude.

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C. GRAMMAR – Imperative
Imperatives are verbs used to give orders, commands, warnings, or
instructions, and if you use “please” to make a request.
e.g. Give me that tape, please.

To make the imperative, use the infinitive of the verb without "to"
e.g. Come here! Sit down!

To make a negative imperative, put "do not" or "don't" before the verb:
e.g. Don't go! Do not walk on the grass.

You can also use "let's" before the verb if you are
including yourself in the imperative. The negative of
"let's" is "let's not".
e.g. Let's stop now. Let's have some lunch. Let's not argue. Let's not tell her
about it.

Orders
Adults do not usually give each other orders, unless they are in a position
of authority. However, adults can give orders to children and to animals.
The intonation of an order is important: each word is stressed, and the
tone falls at the end of the sentence:
e.g. Sit down now! "Sit", "down" and "now" are all stressed, and the tone falls on
"now".

Warnings
You can use the imperative to warn someone of danger. All
the words in the warning are stressed, but the last word has
a higher tone than the first word:
e.g. Sit down now! "Sit", "down" and "now" are all stressed,
and the one falls on "now". Watch out! Look out!
Don't cross!

Advice
When you give advice using the imperative, the words are stressed normally.
e.g Don't tell him you're resigning now! Wait until Monday when he's in a better
mood. Don't drink alcohol Don't eat heavy meals

Requests
You can also use the imperative to make a request, but
you should use a polite word before the verb:
e.g Please take a seat. Please wait here. Please hold the line. Please don't
smoke here.

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 PRACTICE
3. Complete the following conversations with these verbs: go, take, turn and cross.
You can use them more than once

Conversation A
-Excuse me. How can I get to the bank?
-Go straight on, TAKE the second turning on the left, then CROSS at
the pedestrian crossing, GO past the post office and the bank is just
next to it.

Conversation B
-Good morning, can you tell me how I can go to the bus station?
- GO up this road, TURN right at the corner, CROSS along to the end of
the street and you’ll find it there.

4. Rewrite these sentences in imperative. Maintain the same meaning.

Example: A. You can’t stop at the pedestrian crossing.

Don’t stop at the pedestrian crossing.

B. We must visit our grandparents.

Let’s visit our grandparents.

1) You can’t drink coke. DON’T DRINK COKE

2) They must wash their hands. WASH YOUR HANDS
3) You can’t go outside without a mask. DON’T GO OUTSIDE WITHOUT A MASK
4) You must take piano lessons. TAKE PIANO LESSONS
5) We mustn’t smoke in a plane. LET’S NOT SMOKE IN A PLANE
6) You must pay your bills. PAY YOUR BILLS
7) You can’t miss the party. DON’T MISS THE PARTY
8) They can’t travel in a cruise. DON’T TRAVEL IN A CRUISE

5. Match the two columns to make instructions.

A Feed have a drink

B Wash put on your jacket; it’s hot
C Don’t your bedroom
D Do go to class; it’s eight o’clock
E Let’s the dishes
F Tidy your homework
G Don’t the bird
H Let’s leave the door open

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