MIGRATION/
GENE FLOW
GENETIC
DRIFT
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introduction
BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION is the change
in inherited traits over successive
generations in populations of
organisms.
4 IMPORTANT
MECHANISMS OF
HOW SPECIES
EVOLVED
[Link]
[Link] FLOW
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SELECTION
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DRIFT
GENE FLOW
Gene flow refers to the flow of alleles
within and outside of a population as a
result of individual or gamete migration.A
popular and unique genetic material that
spreads from one population to another.
MIGRATION
Changes in allele frequencies, which
indicate the number of individuals who
possess a certain gene variant, are also
driven by migration from one popular
location to another.
FACTORS AFFECTING GENE FLOW
The gene flow between various populations is influenced by
a number of different causes. Mobility is one of the
important considerations. An individual's capacity for
migration increases with increased [Link] animals tend
to be more mobile than plants, although seeds and pollen
can be carried to longer distances by wind and animals.
For example, pollen is likely to move from one side of a
highway to the other when a particular grass species grows
on both sides.
WHAT IS GENE FLOW AND
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
Gene Flow also called migration is only
movement of individual and/or
the
genetic material they carry,from one
population to [Link] Flow is the
movement of genes between
[Link] Flow is important since
it can counteract the evolutionary forces
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE
OF GENE FLOW?
Animals from the one heard moving to
different herds, bees carrying pollen from
one flower population to another are
examples.
WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES
OF GENE FLOW?
Horizontal gene flow and vertical gene flow
are the two types of gene flow.
HOW GENE FLOW IS
DIFFERENT FROM GENETIC
DRIFT?
A population's genes can transfer
from one to another through a
process known as gene flow. Genetic
drift, on the other hand, is a change
in allele frequencies within a
population.
WHAT IS
GENETIC
DRIFT?
Genetic drift is an evolutionary change in
allelic frequencies of a population as a
matter of chance. It occurs in very small
populations, but its effects are strong.
It occurs due to an error in selecting the
alleles for the next generation from the
gene pool of the current generation. It
does not occur due to any environmental
influences.
TYPES OF GENETIC
DRIFT
BOTTLENECK FOUNDER EFFECT
EFFECT
In the bottleneck effect, the In the founder effect, a new
population size severely population is founded in a new
decreases due to competition, location due to physical or
predators, or diseases. The geographical barriers. The new
frequency of certain alleles in a population formed does not
population changes because the interact and mate with the
organisms that carry them are original population. As a result,
eliminated. The others increase the allelic frequencies of the
in number because they are the new population will be different
only alleles left. from the original population.
C
WHAT CAUSES GENETIC DRIFT?
Genetic drift usually occurs
in smaller populations. In a
small population with many alleles, any of the alleles
can become extinct. In a population with many
organisms, there is less chance of losing an entire allele.
This is because many organisms contain the alleles and
all the alleles cannot be wiped away.
Genetic drift can be observed in the example of the
American Bison, rabbits with brown fur and white fur,
and birds with two different sizes of beaks. If the blue
allele is the dominant one, the plant will produce only
blue flowers
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