MINI PROJECT FILE

DRONE DELIVERY-MAKE A STEP AHEAD FOR FUTURE

Session 2020-2021
Subject Code: KMBN252
 MINI PROJECT FILE
DRONE DELIVERY-MAKE A STEP AHEAD FOR FUTURE

Session 2020-2021
Subject Code: KMBN252

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Student’s Name: ADITYA VIKRAM
SINGH
Faculty’s Name: DR.MANIKANT DUBEY Roll No: 2008010700017
Section: A
 G. L. BAJAJ
INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH
GLBIMR Approved by A.I.C.T.E. & affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University

Dated:

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that …ADITYA VIKRAM SINGH………..has undertaken this Mini

project work entitled “” for the partial fulfillment of the award of Master of “DRONE

DELIVERY- Make A Step Ahead For Future” Business Administration degree from Dr.

A P J Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow (U. P.).

As per best of my knowledge this Mini project work is an original piece of work and has

not been submitted or published elsewhere.

I wish him/ her all the best for his/her bright future ahead.

Project Supervisor
Department of Management Studies
 G. L. BAJAJ
INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH
GLBIMR Approved by A.I.C.T.E. & affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University

Dated:

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that ..ADITYA VIKRAM SINGH……..has undertaken this Mini

project work entitled “DRONE DELIVERY- Make A Step Ahead For Future” for the

partial fulfillment of the award of Master of Business Administration degree from Dr. A

P J Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow (U. P.).

As per best of my knowledge this Mini project work is an original piece of work and has

not been submitted or published elsewhere.

I wish him/ her all the best for his/her bright future ahead.

Head-MBA
Department of Management Studies
 G. L. BAJAJ
INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH
GLBIMR Approved by A.I.C.T.E. & affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University

Dated:

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that…ADITYA VIKRAM SINGH…..has undertaken this Mini project

work entitled “DRONE DELIVERY- Make A Step Ahead For Future” for the partial

fulfillment of the award of Master of Business Administration degree from Dr. A P J

Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow (U. P.).

As per best of my knowledge this Mini project work is an original piece of work and has

not been submitted or published elsewhere.

I wish him/ her all the best for his/her bright future ahead.

Dean-MBA
Department of Management Studies

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best
of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published
or written by another person nor material which has been accepted for the
award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute
of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in
the text.

Date: 26/04/2022 ADIGH

(2008010700017)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project is the outcome of sincere efforts, hard work and constant guidance of
not only me but a number of individuals. First and foremost, I would like to thank
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY . I am thankful to my
faculty guide Dr. DURGAWATI KUSHWAHA for providing me help and
support throughout the Mini Project Report period. I owe a debt of gratitude to
my faculty guide who not only gave me valuable inputs about the industry but
was a continuous source of inspiration during these months, without whom this
Project was never such a great success. Last but not the least I would like to thank
all my Faculty members, friends and family members who have helped me directly
or indirectly in the completion of the project.
 Mini Project

• Introduction

• Scope of Innovation

• Feasibility

1. Financial Feasibility

2. Operating/Production Feasibility

• Description

• USP

• Any Other Information about the product

• References

• Page limit (25-35 pages)

Introduction: At present we all

were in the Generation where each

and every door delivery is given by

a Man. So to make a step ahead

for Future towards the Technology, I would

like to introduce my Project “Drone

Delivery – Make a Step ahead for Future”. In this project, I would like to make a

drone which works flies according to the Commands of Google’s Voice

Navigation and deliver the product at customer prescribed address. In this project,

we will embed a software which navigates the Drone to Customer’s address with

voice commands and a Display which is used to make an acknowledgement by

the customer.Once the product is reached to the customer the customer will get an

OTP and a Call. On getting a Call the customer checks the door for the Product.

If the product is delivered Customer make an acknowledgement about the

Product delivery by providing the Correct OTP & clicking the OK button in the

display of the Drone. If no one receives the delivery with correct

acknowledgement then Drone flies from there within the 10 Minutes of Landing.

The acknowledgement of Product is sent to the Server if the OTP entered is

Correct then the product is handover’s to Customer else it will not be Handovers

to Customer.
Scope of Innovation- Drones are being used by the world’s military forces

for more than a decade now. Today, with the advancement of smartphone

technology, it has become easier to produce and control drones. Drones can

use most of the capabilities of a smartphone

application processor and associated sensors.

Smartphones also have the necessary wireless and

compute capabilities to connect drones. The Android operating system

provides the framework, drivers and toolkits to develop sophisticated features

in a drone. They can be used for many commercial applications and could

become a critical part of Iot in the near future. The business opportunities and

physical risks of drones will attract taxation and regulation in the near future.

Manufacturers must develop secure, reliable tools and features.

The standardization of controls and capabilities of drone driven IoT will occur due

to industry diffusion, regulation and economics. This is a huge opportunity for

drone manufacturers who will naturally start to use similar apps, tools and

interfaces. The market for commercial/ civilian drones is expected to grow at a

compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19% between 2015 and 2020. The

following industries could benefit tremendously from this commercialization of

drones:

Agriculture - Aerial or orthographic surveillance of land to

identify and control potential crop threats, such as pests or

fungus infestations, will be possible. Soil irregularities, such as

water saturation and erosion could be easily found. Moreover,

aerial drones could scan fruit for sugar and temperature

variables to find potential problems and also identify areas for

picking crops at optimal times.

Mining - Drone driven IoT can be used to survey and audit

various aspects of mining operations, including berm erosion,

road analysis, subsidence, directing automated ground

vehicles and security.

Construction – Drone driven IoT can be used to survey

build sites, monitor operations and progress, provide 3D

mapping, inspect construction materials and check security.

Utilities - Power lines, turbines, towers and dams can be

inspected by drone driven IoT. Property surveys, equipment

monitoring and security functions can also be performed by

 drone driven IoT.

Delivery Services - Drone deliveries could begin as soon as

regulations are set and services are available to expand

operations.

Film and Television - Drones are already being used to mount

cameras and take aerial shots which were previously possible

only by the use of helicopters. Drones have provided a less

noisy and vibration free medium in this sector.

Emergency Services – Drone driven IoT can be used for

traffic surveillance and accident assessment. They can also be

used to carry equipment, water, relief packages and provide

other logistical support functions.

Feasibility

Financial Feasibility - The sponsor company currently leases their vehicle fleet.

The baseline model assumes the vehicle fleet is upheld; the savings in the model

came from fewer miles and less manpower. The three existing transportation costs

include fuel, maintenance, and driver cost. Fuel cost was variable by location and

was volatile for future predictions; however, the implementation strategy for the
analysis performed was relatively insensitive to fuel. Given a variety of selected

sponsor company locations primarily in California and Texas, a fuel price of

$3.50/gallon ($0.92/liter) was selected. Maintenance cost for drones was liable for

fixed and variable costs per mile. Some research exists on this subject, but the

analysis for this project arrived on a cost of $0.10 per mile. Driver cost was

considered at $20/hour. There are potentially unexplored cost savings on drone

deliveries cutting back on overtime that remain unexplored. Investment costs include

drone cost, container cost, and infrastructure cost. Drone cost is highly volatile and

not easy to estimate.

Given current technology, $10,000 was a comfortable estimate for a delivery drone.

The current containers used by the sponsor company would not be sufficient for

drones, so an investment in containers was also a necessary expense to consider.

Given assumptions about current 21 usage of cargo containers, an estimated 3:1

container to delivery drone ratio was used to determine the number of containers.
Container cost for a secure and safe container was estimated at $100 per unit.

Infrastructure costs would be minimal for the proposed solution of sponsor facility

to customer to sponsor facility. A more reasonable solution like the Matternet and

Mercedes model of flight from business to van to business would require

significantly higher infrastructure costs for vans capable of receiving delivery

drones. A simple $10,000 per facility for drone operations was considered. The cost

would cover partitioning an area suitable for drone takeoff and landing. IT upgrades

and other implementation costs were considered separately at $40,000 each. This

would cover required software, hardware, and administrative resources. Again, the

costs are estimated; Flirtey, Flytrex, Top Flight Technologies, and Matternet were

not responsive to academic inquires on costing. Fuel, driver costs, and vehicle

maintenance costs are three costs where drone delivery can create savings. Battery-

powered drones were considered exclusively in the analysis, so fuel cost represented

a direct savings for every mile covered by drones. Appendix E provides further

insight on how the miles saved were calculated. Driver’s wages were calculated by

a function of an hourly wage, how many miles were saved by drone usage, and an

average speed including stops of 25 miles per hour (~40 kilometers per hour).

Maintenance was liable for fixed and variable costs per mile. Vans and trucks had

different costs, but they were collectively combined into one metric of $0.20 per

mile. All of the costs above were used collectively to calculate the net present value
(NPV) based on the results from the operational analysis (further detail on the

calculations in Appendix E).

Operating/Production Feasibility - Operational feasibility was defined by

2018 data from the sponsor company. Approximately 30- 50% of the data had all of

the relevant fields for analysis. Although there were potential limitations to the data,

sufficient information to perform the analysis was available. No scaling or data

manipulation was done to speculate missing entries. Cases where critical data was

absent in a record, namely missing locations or fields required to link deliveries to

specific routes, were excluded from the analysis. Data for airports was taken from

the Federal Aviation Administration and manipulated in Tableau and Excel.

Description - A delivery drone is a type of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

used for distributing packages to consumers during the last mile delivery process.

These types of drones generally have 4-8 propellers, rechargeable batteries and the

ability to carry lightweight containers. They can be operated either autonomously

using AI technology or remotely, with distribution centers and operators

overseeing the flight. With drone technology already advancing, the capability of

avoiding collisions with other drones in flight, navigating through urban

landscapes and employing smart landing techniques already exists. Benefits of

drone delivery is currently being tested but could include lower costs, higher
operational efficiency, new revenue streams, instantaneous fulfillment, less

congested roadways, fewer accidents and lower emissions. Since delivery drones

are not yet an established solution, a few of the limitations being researched are

package weight limitations, flight time and range constraints due to battery life,

collision avoidance systems and how to handle unpredictable events such as

weather or being hacked. As e-commerce continues to grow and traditional forms

of delivery are no longer the most efficient option, delivery companies are

experimenting with the implementation of drones. Businesses such as

USPS, Amazon and Google have undertaken drone experiments as a feasible

alternative for growth. The current most popular use cases for delivery drones are

time-sensitive materials such as medicine and food or small items for same-day

delivery.

Rules and regulations –

While the government previously banned the testing and implementation of

delivery drones in the United States, there have since been updated regulations

about the concept. In 2016, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) included

guidelines for commercial drone use.

The rules included a maximum weight of 55 lbs, a maximum height of 400 feet

and a maximum speed of 100 mph. It also mandated that delivery drones can only

be operated during the daytime byoperators with a flying certificate and an age of

at least sixteen. In 2017, th United States Senate moved to work with local

officials to test drone delivery initiatives. While this technology has not yet been

brought to the mainstream market, it is being widely tested for various sectors and

use cases.

Unique Selling Proposition –

Using Blockchain to Secure Drone Deliveries

As the IoT device is already configured to work directly with the blockchain, it simply

needs sensor input

from an outside

source. In this case, the

drone will supply all

information to the IoT

device, including

flight telemetry,

trip, geo- spatial and

other ToF (Time of Flight) data.

Luckily, DJI creates a line up of commercial drones that are already able to

communicate with the IoT device directly through standard serial communication. DJI

also has a powerful On Board SDK, which will essentially give us full access to all of the

drone’s capabilities, sensors, and internal flight controller. Combined with a compatible

IoT device, DJI drones are ready to be configured to be fully blockchain-enabled

delivery drones out of the box!

Autonomous flight - To become expert

pilots, people need to have an in-depth

knowledge of complex aerial digital

imagery, normalized differential
vegetation

index software or have to rely on third

part crop constants. However
Autonomous

flight function solves most of these issues.

Geographic information systems - Drones normally carry

video cameras and G.P.S system. it is suitable to use

geographical information system, which is designed to capture,

store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of

spatial or geographical data.

Any Other Information about the product

A delivery drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) used to transport packages,

medical supplies, food, or other goods. Drones may be remotely piloted

or autonomous. In November, 2020 the FAA proposed airworthiness criteria

for type certification of delivery drones with an intent to initialize commercial

operations. Zipline, Wingcopter, and Amazon Prime Air are amongst the 10

companies selected for this type certification.

Delivery drones or unmanned aerial vehicle are pilotless aircraft carrying packages

to a designated area. These flying bots generally have 4 to 8 propellers and

rechargeable Li-Po batteries to generate thrust. The delivery drones are

autonomous or remotely controlled through a ground controlled station. Drone

operators can monitor multiple flying bots at once keeping track of every package

delivered.

Traditionally, road transport has been the backbone of the logistics industry. But as

urban settlements are getting more congested, it is already hard to reach remote

areas with no road infrastructure, the drawbacks of traditional methods are

becoming more apparent. The delivery industry is beginning to use drones to solve

these issues.

In-air and on route

Just like any aircraft, delivery drones have to anticipate with the laws of physics
and aerodynamics. The design of delivery drones appears in all shapes and sizes. In

a four-rotor drone, two blades spin clock-wise and other two counter clock-wise.

Thus, the thrust generated by the rotation of the blades, along with stabilization

technology, maintains the drone’s position in the

air. However, for delivery

purposes, the extra load carried by the drone

needs to be considered. The bigger

package requires a more robust and efficient

performance drone to carry out the

delivery operation.

For delivery drones to fly independently, beyond

visible line-of-sight technology is

needed. Guided by GPS systems, drones will be able to deliver packages to the

customer’s location. But may encounter potential obstacles. Whether a bird, tree

or even another drone, automatic sense and avoid systems is required to prevent in-

air and ground accidents. Unmanned traffic management system (UTM) would

control the skies shortly. Built-in sensors and cameras will be able to identify a

nearby object’s proximity and speed, enabling the drone to take a responsive

action to avoid the obstacle.

Applications -
Healthcare delivery –
In December 2013, the DHL parcel

service subsidiary of Deutsche Post AG testeda "microdrones md4-1000" for

delivery of medicine.

Drones can be used to transport

medicinal products such as

blood products, vaccines, and other

supplies

such as pharmaceuticals and medical

samples. Medical deliveries have become one

of the leading applications for drone delivery

because they can more easily fly into

and out of remote or otherwise inaccessible regions, maybe compared to trucks or

motorcycles. Medical drone delivery is credited with saving lives during

emergency deliveries of blood in Rwanda and post-hurricane relief in Puerto Rico.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, drones began making medical deliveries of

personal protective equipment and COVID-19 tests in the UnitedStates.

Commercial operations of medical drone delivery have been underway since 2016,

when Zipline became the first sustained commercial drone operation. Zipline has

made more than 70,000 medical deliveries by drone as of October 2020.

Food delivery –
In 2017 drone delivery startup Flytrex deployed a commercial drone delivery route

in Iceland's capital, Reykjavik Drones have been proposed as a solution for rapidly

delivering prepared foods, such as pizzas, tacos, and frozen beverages.

Early prototypes of food delivery drones include the Tacocopter demonstration by

Star Simpson, which was a taco delivery concept utilizing a smartphone app to

order drone- delivered tacos

in San Francisco area. The
revelation that it didn't

exist as a delivery
system or app led to it being
labelled a hoax. A similar
concept

named the "burrito bomber" was tested in 2012.

Food delivery via flying drones could soon become a reality in India. The Director

General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has given a

nod to food startups like Zomato, Swigged and

Dunzo to start testing beyond the visual line of

sight (BVLOS) drones for deliveries.

Postal delivery -Different postal companies from Australia,

Switzerland, Germany, Singapore,

United kingdom and Ukraine have

undertaken various drone trials as they

test the feasibility and profitability of

unmanned delivery drone services.

The USPS has been testing delivery systems with Horsefly Drones.

Ship resupply -The shipping line Maersk and the Port of Rotterdam have

experimented with using drones to resupply offshore ships instead of sending

smaller boats.

References – Unmanned aerial vehicles can be applied to transport goods on

demand, provide blood in urban areas, save sinking people, analyse the scale of

damages, monitor large human gatherings, perform exploration activities, deliver

blood samples and other analysis material, provide automated external defibrillators,

support rescue operations and air transport, and perform agricultural activities.
• “Drones may be used to save lives in out of hospital cardiac arrest due to

drowning,”

• “Drones in medicine—the rise of the machines,”

• “Drone transportation of blood products,”

• “The age of drones: what might it mean for health?”

• “Medical applications of drones for disaster relief: a review of the

literature,”

• “The promising future of drones in prehospital medical care and its

application to battlefield medicine,”

• “Continuous drone control using deep reinforcement learning for frontal

view person shooting,”

• “Drone transport of chemistry and hematology samples over long distances,”

• “Blood-delivering drones saving lives in Africa and maybe soon in

Canada,”
DRONE USE BY - HEALTH SECTOR

DRONE USE BY DEFENCE