ENGINE TYPE
•Trunk engine
•Normally aspirated engine
•Supercharged engine
•Crosshead engine or long stroke engine
•In-line
•V-type engine
Opposed piston engines
•Slow speed
•Medium speed
•High speed
Trunk engine
•For small engine which is piston was connected to the crankshaft through gudgeon-pin.
•Cylinder liner lubricated by splash system thus oil scraper ring should be fitted, even the piston itself cooled
by this system.
•Normally the engine using valve gear which is driven by camshaft through chain or pinion gear
Normally aspirated engine
•Same as trunk engine however it is use for small power development such as emergency fire pump, life
boat engine and potable generator.
Supercharged engine
•Most of the diesel engine especially compression ignition engine required sufficient amount of fresh air to
contribute a maximum power development, therefore scavenge pump or rotary driven or exhaust gas
turbocharger were use to meet this requirement.
•Advantages on exhaust gas turbocharger as modern engine design in such way to avoided consuming
engine power itself
•As practical and theoretically the fresh air will be cooled before reached scavenge manifold to increase it
density at low induction temperature thus engine will run at the lower compression temperature in part of
reducing stress on pistons, rings and liners.
•By increasing density will tend to increase in scavenge efficiency and allow a greater mass of air to be
compress thus more fuel burn out to give a maximum engine power
Crosshead or long stroke engine
•Normally for large and slow speed engine which is required a crosshead head to accommodated piston rod
with connecting rod.
•Stuffing box or diaphragm gland fitted between crankcase and combustion zone so as reciprocating
movement of the crosshead in way of guide shoes not exposed to carbon which may blow pass from
combustion.
•Cylinder liners were lubricated by mean of cylinder lubricator system fitted on it and pistons were cooled by
lubrication oil or fresh water via telescopic pipe attached on it.
•Ports were required which its bore on the cylinder body to allowed fresh air and exhaust gases passage.
Some how single exhaust valve may used which is operated by pneumatic or hydraulic control valve
In- Line engine
•The construction of the engine may either slow, medium or high speed engine which is design in one
straight line.
V- type engine
•The construction of the engine may either slow, medium or high speed engine which is design in two
straight line considered having a port bank and starboard bank or twice number of in-line engine.
Slow speed engine
•Speed : 100 – 280 rpm
•Cylinder bore : 500 – 1000 mm
•Output /Power : 3000 – 48000 bhp
Medium speed engine
•Speed : 350 – 750 rpm
•Cylinder bore : 254 – 520 mm
•Output /Power : 1000 – 20000 bhp
High speed engine
•Speed : 1500 – 3000 rpm
•Cylinder bore : 130 – 180 mm
•Output /Power : 250 – 800 bhp
COMPARISION of DIFFERENT SPEED ENGINES
•SLOW SPEED (up to 150 rpm)
•MEDIUM SPEED (up to 750 rpm)
•HIGH SPEED (above 1000 rpm)
SLOW SPEED (up to 150 rpm)
•Advantages
•No gearing as engine can be directly coupled to an efficient propeller
•Can operate on poor quality fuel
•Vibration frequency low producing less noise and fatigue
•No gearing as engine can be directly coupled to an efficient propeller
•Parts are large with heavy scantlings hence reducing stress
•Crankcase separated from the combustion zone by diaphragm around the piston rod thus reduces oil
contamination and risk of crankcase explosion
•Disadvantages
•All engine parts are large and heavy demand strong lifting equipment for handling
•Size- the engine very heavy and demand a large headroom to allow dismantling area (withdraw of piston
and rod)
•The engine must be built ashore and the re-assembled in ship, thus may give problem due to poor
alignment as the initial fitting is carried out on a very rigid base
MEDIUM SPEED (up to 750 rpm)
•Advantages
•Compact, especially if ‘V’ form is used
•Less head room required
•All parts lighter and easier to handle
•Gearing of several engines to a single shaft improves the change of propulsive power at all times
•Disadvantages
•As no separation of the crankcase and combustion zone is possible oil contamination occurs and heavy
lubricating oil combustion rate
•Usually considerably more moving parts increasing the chance of failure and engine stoppage
•Higher level of noise and high frequency vibration
HIGH SPEED (above 1000 rpm)
•Advantages
•Extremely compact
•Very smooth output torque
•All parts easily handle (most by hand)
•Can be consider for service exchange
•Can be directly coupled to A.C. generator
•Disadvantages
•Very noisy
•Maintenance access may be limited
•Tends to operate for short periods before maintenance is needed
•Distillate quality fuel must be used
•Failure of any part may cause considerable or series damaged before engine stops
•High frequency of vibration can institute fretting
Opposed piston engines
