CIEloRGANIC CHEMIIRY
C14.1 Na.mes of coMPovnds_& C14. HomologpuS Series
H Mtkan than
H -C- H CHA H H H qH
H
H H
H C ekhano_
C=C H H C-C-0-H L0H
H H 4 H
fvnceiph OArou2
Alkan - An -CH
RHant1
alkme M
Qkcohel_CKAne1D- ol H
Mrth 1carbon atoms Homolngau S sori@S ar tamilis_
t1Carbon atOMg foapavads hAving t SAM 4enirM
grop (Arbon atpms orula aAd Simifor chJaical progirfits._
|'byt' 4 Carbon otoms
G14-2 FueS
coal naturl AAS and28trolgum Ar lossil fvS tha_product CArbo
digaikO on_lombvshio
MHhan i the maia onStitvont ok hatvral qA
otrele vm is a jUr?_of_hMdrdcarh ons Stnt naor th Eavh's
crut ASa hlack S4irkn_liauid
iSupuaitd indo vSkut iractions b iractioAal distillation
LarQe hdeoCArbons hav kigr holing poinbs thani Smallerkuelrotorbrd
S4e
Th ptkrolevM i keated o hat al kugdrocarbOS ases
K piolev i pyi indo ractignating_(olvmn
SAgB
HydrocarbDuS respackivtly ndeno aCkordinq to tLoir boiling Piats.
HudvocabOnS with hig boilinq_20ints codNSRa b rttim
Aydro covlo(hS witk lowitr bolip0ins o Vg V tkl Colkla and
nSptively Cohdmco
HycdrocarbonS with Similar boiling oinds at_ollocted as fractioS
larap okats kAv ig boilisa phinds. Thi bav ronar
Ind MoQCular for CsS
Reiw aSLS(huarocovkos thai_do not cohdonte)_
-boHled"gas for keating And conkins
Gasaline
-fue! Lpoirol) in cars
Naptha
- fuAstotkor mAking thmicals
Diese illaas oil
- i die6Al tngints
-rOad SurfaceS
1t.4 Alkanes
Alkanes arl tatvraB eal hudroCarbohs whos moleculos tonts ohl A
coalAA bonds
No MDr atoMS an be added tn_alkotits Molewlos.
roporties alkanLS: gamlrallM vnrea Cive
boilina_goind: intv00 Ses with MOrQ oArbgn atoMS in toYMyla
ViStofy: Ar Latu cArbon adowms MANS rRaflrviS[oSH4
visos lf resistan lo 4he How - thikness
lon ger 40flow Mbre vistous
- Hammabilih2artattr RUMbLr_oi 0arb otoMS MLMS S lAmable
NI:cAh bi broko by cracking for vSAg0AS fvos
CH429, o , 2H,0
ropan todvCes Mor? Co And VseS More oXU
This is Omloto_CombusBionwhich proovces CO ano H
Ci4.6 AlkOneS.
hoy mMolotyleg_tontain oh.dovble
coval bond
Mor aipis CA addld do _alkents Mglecutes
rAck inis g bttaking larg kydrotarh Malewle to Male
onsaAlkanti using kig implkaturi and tatalysk
Satur attd prrOCorbor yRSaturaitd hgarotorbn
Add aaNus LMÍne_ h drorarhon in tet Ahd_and ohstrv
Decolovristd trom Ow 0rangl inaliCates ynSat Vrat ao
SaMe tolovr indicate0s satvrokod.
AAdlHfo actionsA whtrl wo LaC&AMS Flact Form ly one
r0 duck
dubraaotthaD
Hgdrogthatio
Rodvc io reaction aS kydroAm is_addod.
H prstntg Latalyst)-
| . Steam rEaUs witk alkhe to lrm alohblS
High tmpraturo and preScurQ ard F0Quirod; Catalst
tthanol
GI46 Alcokol
EtLANOl MA b ormtd by
FrmUnietis
pM1 Hlmptratur 20'C 40°C_
geash produe LM o tetalse breakdoon t qlutose.
2HH: 1Co,
Catalyti addition of steam to ttkOne_
Hiqn temptratvro 80g'cHigk r SSurg 10 atMOSpkvts_
GaHOH 30
Solvent
ptutumS
pr intia ink
4lves
FveL
-ixed wit pëtrpl
-VStd alonl ioss pollvtina)
C14-7 Poly merS
Polymts Aa lon_chai Mplgcvl0s Formed froM IMall Uwk (MAoMrs).
olylei Solien B voclSsioiwnq MOgMes to fono Palyn,s
EAc oluyMr is Madl fron ACrtain MANOMlrs
- Polymees havg diet uniks andlor linkagos
MonoMls Can be dFFut longtks and CaR kave C-C linka4. ster
linkagor gmido nkago
C44.8 Sunthehic_polu mers
JAdditipn polyAuisatina h ormakiok af galymts trom MOnOMrs (LAving
deulole Dahds) kut_only dht pol4M formed
lormatien alyethehe):_
- Dovble bonsin_Bhtng MOnOMers brlak.
orbph 0omS noNhave a valehC o ovr
- L0Ar ben atomS rLathwitk otk carbon atoMin htal manOmuS.
-EthONOMOn OMs join in a lonq thain 4orM poly (tknd):
H
N
Mah pryT
LAentifin 0lm from givn oalktne:
Rmovdovblebonds alkme
Add continvation bonds 4o_atoms from wic dovbla bonds w rimov
3 AddbrackS And
4 Add poly_beforo o nomethe alken0
For instan chloro Hkdao is tL a ktnl-
H CL
St S400 4: 2olylckhloroathune)
-- -
H
Laeatlying alktnl rom givtn polymer
Ldontiky an st AHtl drW h FRp.atig_Uaib
RoahovbrKeks,40 i and the cOntinvationbonds Add deadole_handls:
Kwnovl poly btform +k namO _e te alk
For inStanCe ghinuleikono ig h alkema
Step 1: Taendikied and drouon
-
Stup Stp 1 CH 4
phttglhld
iffrtnas bttwelnAddution and 0dtsat or pobpnrisa~ian.i
Londtwsuio polymAri atios i a riaciow i nk two diPfortnk kypS
A imall
MOAOAd bnd 40 tkh do lor a polymMlr Ard tliminaks
MOlOcu SVth W H0
Addikion_0ly Meritatisn lOndntation 20lytekahon
NOltS rimoval doalo_bond wo_difftrtnt vn tionad grou2 in MongMLAs_
9o lyar th onls_grodack olums aRd Smad Molecull tormed
Form.ati on Bf 0ndlasation2olumr nglon
HoraLA b Arboxlit Acids ana amides
OOH funfionak qronvp_etAvox liè ociks
NH,nkiongk qrouaMdes
AOC -C-oH + 4 ,N -NH
diamine
H,0
C---N - N i2nH0
H
N-- --N
H
gmid linkag0_
