Laboratory Manual
Subject Name: CMP05104 Computer Engineering Workshop
Student Name
Reg. No.
Date
MAPPING OF LAB TO CLOs & PLOs
CLO 3: Use analysis and measurement tools such as
power supply, multimeter, oscilloscope, and PLO 1: Engineering Knowledge: C3
signal/function generators.
Criteria
Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor
(100-85%) (84-71%) (70-61%) (60-50%) (49-0%)
Understanding Skilful Very good Good ability to Some ability Minimal
engineering ability to ability to understand to understand ability to
problem understand understand given given understand
given given engineering engineering given
engineering engineering problem problem engineering
problem problem problem
Applying Skilful Very good Good ability to Some ability Minimal
knowledge of ability to ability to apply apply previous to apply ability to
Computer apply previous knowledge of previous apply
Workshop to previous knowledge of mathematics to knowledge of previous
engineering knowledge mathematics to engineering mathematics knowledge of
problem of engineering problems to to mathematics
mathematics problems to solve the engineering to engineering
to solve the problem problems to problems to
engineering problem solve the solve the
problems to problem problem
solve the
problem
Producing Skilful Very good Good ability to Some ability Minimal
solution of ability to ability to produce to produce ability to
engineering produce produce accurate accurate produce
problem accurate accurate solution of solution of accurate
solution of solution of engineering engineering solution of
engineering engineering problem problem engineering
problem problem problem
Lab no 12: Signals generation using function generator
Objective:
Function generator
How to draw signals using function generator
Function generator
A function generator is a specific form of signal generator that is able to generate waveforms
with common shapes. Unlike RF generators and some others that only create sine waves, the
function generator is able to create repetitive waveforms with a number of common shapes.
In particular it can be made to become a sine wave generator, square wave generator, and
triangular wave generator.
Also a function generator may be able to vary the characteristics of the waveforms, changing
the length of the pulse, i.e. the mark space ratio, or the ramps of the different edges of
triangular or sawtooth waveforms, but it is only be able to create the waveforms that are built
in to the function generator. It cannot be programmed to create additional waveforms - an
arbitrary waveform generator, AWG is required for this.
Apart from just generating the waveforms themselves, this type of test instrument has the
capability to add a DC offset to the signal. This can be very useful in a number of testing
applications.
Typically function generators are only able to operate at relatively low frequencies, some
only operating to frequencies of around 100kHz, although more costly test instruments can
operate at higher frequencies, up to 20 or 30MHz.
Function generators are capable of producing a variety of repetitive waveforms, generally
from the list below:
Sine wave: A function generator will normally be able to act as a sine wave generator. This
is the standard waveform that oscillates between two levels with a standard sinusoidal shape.
Using the function generator as a sine wave generator is one of the more commonly used
applications. Sine waves are widely used in testing applications.
Square wave: Another very widely used waveform is the square wave. It consists of a signal
moving directly between high and low levels. Used as a square wave generator, this test
instrument provides a very useful source of a basic digital waveform.
Pulse: A pulse waveform is another type that can be produced by a function generator. It is
effectively the same as a square wave, but with the mark space ratio very different to 1:1.
This form of waveform is again often used within digital applications.
Triangular wave: This form of signal produced by the function generator linearly moves
between a high and low point. This form of waveform is often generated using an operational
amplifier acting as an integrator. The triangular waveform generator typically also has a
square wave output as well, and it is used as the basis for generating all the waveforms in a
function generator test instrument.
Function generator controls
In addition to a selection of the basic waveforms that are available, other controls on the
function generator may include:
Frequency: As would be expected, this control alters the basic frequency at which
the waveform repeats. It is independent of the waveform type.
Waveform type : This enables the different basic waveform types to be selected:
o Sine wave
o Square wave
o Triangular wave
DC offset: This alters the average voltage of a signal relative to 0V or ground.
Duty cycle: This control on the function generator changes the ratio of high voltage
to low voltage time in a square wave signal, i.e. changing the waveform from a square
wave with a 1:1 duty cycle to a pulse waveform, or a triangular waveform with equal
rise and fall times to a sawtooth.
Function generator usage
Function generators are normally used within electronics development, manufacturing test
and service departments. They provide a flexible form of waveform generation that can be
used in many tests.
These test instruments are very flexible and not thought of as specialist instruments. Although
they can often generate signals into the low end of the RF spectrum, normally a specific RF
generator would be used, unless none were available.
Lab Tasks:
Task 01: Plot the square and sine wave using function generator and attach screenshot.
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Task 02: Plot the triangle and pulse wave using function generator and attach screenshot
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Lab Assessment
Understanding Applying knowledge of Producing solution
engineering Computer Workshop of engineering
problem to engineering problem problem
(Criteria1) (Criteria 2) (Criteria) Total
(3)
(7) (5) 15 Marks
Task 1
Task 2
Average
Marks
Name of the Instructor: Muhammad Nasir Signature: ________________
