اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ
ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﺒﻮك
ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم — ﻗﺴﻢ اﻷﺣﯿﺎء
Phylum Arthropoda:
Butterflies Report
— BIO 1204الالفقاريات
شعبة 196 1 1
Introduction
Butter ies belong to the phylum Arthropoda, which is the largest
and most diverse phylum in the animal kingdom. Arthropods are
characterized by their segmented bodies, jointed appendages, and
exoskeletons. Butter ies are a subgroup within the class Insecta
and are known for their vibrant colors, delicate wings, and
fascinating life cycles.
Butter ies feeding:
Butter ies are primarily herbivorous insects, feeding on the nectar
of owers. Their feeding apparatus consists of a long, tubular
proboscis, which is a modi ed mouthpart that allows them to sip
nectar from owers. The proboscis can be coiled when not in use
and extends to reach the nectar-producing structures of owers.
Butter ies also obtain essential nutrients from other sources such
as rotting fruits, tree sap, and mineral-rich mud or puddles. Some
species of butter ies also exhibit specialized feeding behaviors,
such as the consumption of pollen or even rotting animal matter
Environment:
Butter ies inhabit a wide range of environments, including forests,
meadows, grasslands, and gardens. They are found on every
continent except Antarctica. Butter ies are ectothermic
creatures, meaning their body temperature is regulated by
external sources like sunlight. They are most active during warm
and sunny conditions, as their ight and feeding patterns are
closely tied to ambient temperature. Di erent species of
butter ies have speci c habitat preferences, varying from open
elds to dense forests, depending on their ecological requirements
and food availability
—الالفقارياتBIO 1204
196 شعبة 2 2
fi
fl
fl
fl
fl
fl
fl
fl
fl
fl
fl
fi
fi
fl
fl
ff
fl
Classi cation:
Butter ies belong to the order Lepidoptera within the class
Insecta. The order Lepidoptera is further divided into two main
suborders: Rhopalocera (butter ies) and Heterocera (moths).
Butter ies are distinguished from moths by their slender bodies,
clubbed antennae, and diurnal behavior. There are over 18,000
known species of butter ies, classi ed into multiple families, such
as Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, and Lycaenidae, among
others.
Nervous System:
Butter ies have a relatively simple nervous system, consisting of a
brain, paired nerve cords, and ganglia. Their brains are small but
capable of processing sensory information and coordinating various
behaviors. The sensory organs of butter ies include compound
eyes, which provide excellent visual perception, and antennae, which
are involved in olfaction and sensing environmental cues.
Digestive System:
The digestive system of butter ies comprises a foregut, midgut,
and hindgut. The foregut consists of the mouthparts and the
esophagus, which transports food to the midgut. The midgut is
responsible for digestion and absorption of nutrients. It secretes
digestive enzymes to break down food, and the nutrients are
absorbed into the body. The undigested waste is eliminated
through the hindgut.
—الالفقارياتBIO 1204
196 شعبة 3 3
fl
fl
fl
fi
fl
fl
fl
fi
fl
Body Parts:
Butter ies possess several distinct body parts, including :
Antenna
Head Forew
Thorax
Abdomen Hindwing
Legs
Hestina assimilis
About :
Hestina assimilis, the red ring skirt, is a species of butter y in the
family Nymphalidae found in Asia. It is generally of large size. There
are several subspecies: H. a. assimilis, H. a. formosana (Moore, H. a.
shirakii, and H. a. f. nigrivena
—الالفقارياتBIO 1204
196 شعبة 4 4
fl
fl
Wings: Butterflies have two pairs of wings covered
Body Parts: in scales, which give them their characteristic colors
and patterns. These wings allow butterflies to fly and
are crucial for courtship displays and species
recognition.
- Head: The head is located at the front of the butterfly's
body. It contains several important structures, including:
- Compound Eyes: Butter ies have large compound eyes
made up of many individual lenses, allowing them to see a
wide range of colors and detect movement.
- Proboscis: This is a long, tubular mouthpart that
butter ies use for feeding on nectar from owers. When not
in use, the proboscis is coiled up.
- Antennae: Butter ies have two long, thin antennae on
their heads. These antennae are covered in sensory
receptors and are used for detecting smells, temperature,
and humidity, as well as for navigation.
- Thorax: The thorax is the middle section of the
butter y's body, and it is where the wings and legs are
attached. The thorax contains powerful muscles that control
the movement of the wings. The legs of a butter y are also
attached to the thorax and are used for perching, walking,
and gripping surfaces.
- Abdomen: The abdomen is the posterior section of the
butter y's body. It contains the digestive, reproductive, and
respiratory systems. The abdomen is usually slender and
segmented. Female butter ies have a larger and more
rounded abdomen compared to males because they need
space to carry and lay eggs.
—الالفقارياتBIO 1204
196 شعبة 5 5
fl
fl
fl
fl
fl
fl
fl
fl
Legs: Butterflies have six legs, which are
used for walking, perching, and gripping
surfaces.
—الالفقارياتBIO 1204
196 شعبة 6 6
Conclusion:
Butter ies, belonging to the phylum Arthropoda, are captivating insects
known for their vibrant colors, graceful ight, and intricate life cycles. They
play crucial roles in ecosystem dynamics as pollinators and serve as
indicators of environmental health. Understanding their feeding habits,
environmental preferences, classi cation, nervous system, digestive
system, and body parts provides valuable insights into their fascinating
biology. By appreciating and conserving butter ies, we can contribute to
the preservation of biodiversity and the natural world as a whole.
—الالفقارياتBIO 1204
196 شعبة 7 7
fl
fi
fl
fl
إعداد الطالبات :
دانه حسني الهور
امواج مفرح الجحدلي
نجود فواز العنزي
رغد مفرج
إشراف الدكتورة :
امينة العتيبي
— BIO 1204الالفقاريات
شعبة 196 8 8
