fe SECA design of Pyar iiec]| Meera Cl Cou ay Bending Moment BANAL elcL UT TG ey Cee wg eer Ree ay petaContents AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION ACN ono 973.630 1, INTRODUCTION enor oncopt DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS ~ FOURTH EDITION @ AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION 1994 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF AUSTRALIA ‘CARD NUMBER AND ISBN 0 909045 72 1 Published by: AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION All ights reserved. This book or any part thereof ‘must not be reproduced in any form without the ‘wiiten permission of the Australian Institute of Stee! Construction. Note to commercial software developers: Copyright of the information ond within tis publeaton le al by the Aucalan Inte of Sloe! Construction AISC) tan permission must be cotaned tam AIS fr he uso of any infomation contained horn which is subsequent Used nny ‘onmercalyavaisbe sofware package. FIRST EDITION 1978 ‘SECOND EDITION 1061 "THIRD EDITION 1988 "THIS EDITION 1908 Beaman Pay kuru Sreot Nort Naraboor NSW 2101, Ausra Enquifes should be addressed tothe publisher: ‘Australian Insitute of Steel Construction Business address Level 13, 99 Mount Street, North Sydney, NSW, 2060, Australia. Postal address ~ P.O. Box 6366, North Sydney, NSW, 2059, Australia, DISCLAIMER, ea tetra nar ter ce ‘ihr cert ae ere ae Eas eee iene arisnares Ebi eocier gis eeeer rena aren nenen arom fi woo eva nluang ba wihou any may ing Hare carencmn ented nee ahnecton wih he retance whether whole or pata by sry person cataract trae Saas eyt nee reen hve ceo Saierumnenrat [AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS 1 2 ‘3 [Link] Corstucton “4 Comecton Tyce 55 Arangoront of Manual {8 Computor Program “LIMCON" 2. NOTATION 3. DESIGN OF CONNECTION ELEMENTS: 34 Bots and Bot Groups ‘Welds and Weld Groupe 32 33. Connecton Components 34 Connected Members IGN MODELS FOR CONNECTIONS Invodcton ‘Argje Seat Connection ‘Bearing Pad Gonrecton Fesb Ena Plate Connecton ‘Ange Geat Conecton ‘Web Sie Pte Connection ‘Sit Seat Connection ‘Woldes Boam fo Column Moment Connection Batted Moment Ena Plate Connacton Wilsed Spice Connocton 410. Boted Spice Comecion 11 Bracing leat Connocton ‘412 Column Base Plate ~ Prod Type Comnacton 5. COMMENTARY 5.0. Connection Characins 51 Anglo Seat Comecton 32 Bearing Pad Connocion 33. Fenble End Pato Connection 54 Angle Goat Comocton 85 Web Sido Pate Connection 58 SuffSeat Comocson 57 Walded Beam to Column Moment Connection ‘3 Boted Moment End Pate Connacton ‘2 Welded Spe, Bted Splice Bracing Cost (Cour Bage Plat ~ Pinned Type Bote Bat Groups Loaded in Plane Wass Wits Groupe 517 Comecied Members REFERENCES: APPENDICES Design Aids = Bolts and Bett Groups Design Aids — Wiss and Weld Groans Gauge Lines for Sections Fomutae fr Socson Propet of Single Web Coped Sections Design Ae or Recommended Design Models, Fomulao for Socson Properties of Section wih Holes Proocioa Ara of Overapaing Sass Coes for Ancrer Bolt Groups User's Gude for Computer Program “LIMCON Pscios—ro04 ‘AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS scio+—1004 PAGE BER BSZoaureacge B BIBBBVNSSgeazasaa egegseggPreface ‘This Manus! detals methods of design or range ct connactions commonly used fr structural stalvorkn Austral ‘The design models preseniad wore ocgaly davaloped a2 a necessaly conponont of he AISO Standardized ‘Sructura Connectons ang ist pubishea in "878, Th design reds prosemed i the fst hoe econ of he Manual wece used to generate the sa load tabls fr tho rango of standarezod conection incited ren, and ‘were in permissible stes format ‘Te rs dion otis Maral was ented “Part 8 ofthe Standardized Structural Connacons but became a text ‘book on the design a structural stal connec ine right. The second econ ofthis Manual was ete to ‘elect his change n status and refect ts uslunoss more accurately The te ofthe second ection has been ‘etaned fr subsequent edtons. Ths Manual oes, however, fli is foe athe design vericaon forthe ASS ‘Standardized Sructral Connections This eton is writen nit stale format in conormty with the Ausaian Standard fr Sse Srucures AS 4160, whic isin mit sat fora. This i in contast previous edlions which were Based onthe permissible sess formatof the ten AS 1250 “SAA Seal Stuctures Coca” Technically, his eon similar the thir acon excap fr te change of format. A design mode fre column baseplate connacton has boon added inthis eon 1.3. HOGAN LR THOMAS: Authors TIM J. HOGAN “Tm Hogan i a Dirctor of Sper, Clrey and Parnes — Consuting Engineers His cary experience. was on age desgn and constueion with the NSW. Pubic’ Worke Department snd Subsequently ‘as Oovelpent Engineer and. then Engineering ‘Manager wih he Austalian ite of Sto! Conaucton unt 1980 (Consulting experience has Ince design and euporiion of age ) | sto rare bogs, east buings, ml buldng ac compose Stool-conrte bulings. Hs publishes works deal pinay wth te ss of compost construction, tel connectors andtabicaon an ffacion of steal strsctues, Ho's amembar of numberof Standards ‘Australa Comvnitossdoaing wi stel and compost sructres, an is Co-Chairman af Commitoe 81 Stoel Sucures. IANA. THOMAS lan Thomas, BE,PhD. (Monash) Is. Manager Engineering ‘esearch altho BHP Rsearch Melbourne Laboratories. He nes the cco Laboratories in 1978 and prior to this spent six years as a design and evelopment ‘engineer with Johns Pery, dots and. Waygood y) ‘Seuctural Division. Hs published works dea primary inthe areas of © Stool connectors and te engineering. He a member of Standards ‘staia Comite 2011 Ear ARUN A. SYAM Manager Techrical Senioes, AISC ‘Acknowledgments ~ The autors an ector would ik o thank Mr Bruce Chapman (AISC), Mim Wikinson, the Stall om Engneering Sytoms Py Lis, Me Alan Hosking (Sruclach Pubhin), Dr Soot Woolcocs (Bonacl Wirwar), M ose Zaragoza (ASC) who gave ns craniofacial and eral conte icatlon. Special hak fs also extended to Mr Pater Cif for erating the figuoe snd ti Tony Edweres (Recast La) or his invaluable work tho produsion ofthis pubicaton, Ww {AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS scioe—1904 1. INTRODUCTION 4.1 GENERAL In ever stool conrectons, thee are we fundamental considerations: (@)_ the designer requtes a realistic estimate of connecion strength in order hat a connection wl be safe and ‘economical and (0) the conecton must be dtaiein sucha way that ts eonomi fabricate and erect, whl recognising tat ‘he dtaling may have an important impact on the stength othe connocton ‘Any design model or assessing th strength fa connection mst take account the folowing four (0. te srongt of he fastener (i 0 song of connseton components (a) to srongh of tho conetoe member nthe vcs of he conto; (0 te svengt of he supporting mombor inthe vy of he connection Codes forte design of stool structures primarily del with member design as a whole, rather than spectlly allowing for local fled, and provgo ol he basi formation on Tastonar design No code specie a detailed ‘esi procedure for ary type of conto, leaving te aseessment of how a coonecton behaves and Now ts behaviour should be alowed for n design tothe indidual designe Th presents the designer win a formidable task considering the lage number teren connec ypes tal maybe encountered, eat equing vi recoarch and assosomon {AS 4100 “Stel Stucures" (Rel. 34) lates some minimum roquemns forthe design of connections, these requirements (Claus 9.1.3) being that: “(a) The crt csign action atc ar in equirium wth the design action affects acing on the connection. (©) Tho cetermations in the connection are within tho dolormationcapacies of the connection elements (©) Atte connocion elements and the adjacent areas of members are capable of resisting the design acon ‘fet acting on hem. (@) The conection demons shal remain sable under the design action elects and deletions", ‘etcnaly, AS 4100 oqutos tha: “Design shal be on he basso a recogrised methas supported by experimental evidence ‘This Manual meats thas requirements by proving a ratonal and recognised design mode! xa range comma steel conactors, each dosign eda refacing engineering common sense and known connacien behavior rom ‘xparimenal data, Te emphasis in tes Manuals on practical design models whose assinptone ave Vansparent ‘othe user. The modelsare elated tourer Codesct Standards Ausvaain respec afmember anasto’ Sei, ‘and member and fastener mechani properties, “The plosophy ofthis Manuals he sae as ha espouta in Raerence 10, bing as flows: (0 take into account overall connoction behaviour, cay out an approprato analysis in end to detarnine @ reals siibuin of ores win the comnecton; (i) ensure tat each component or fastoner in each ction path has suet capacity t vara the applied (i) eri ats procure can only ge a connection where equllorum's capable of Bing acreved But whore compatabaty Is Unley tobe Saeed, and terefor ensure that he connection elements are capable ‘of dtl behave scioe—1904 [AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS 1‘Connections ae cnsisred inthis Manual and in AS 4100 consi fhe flowing connection elernants () fasteners fot or welds) (i) components (pats, qusots, cleats) (i) soppored menbors (i) supporting members al of whose design expects must be evalsated inorder oestimat he design capac ofa connection 14.2 CONCEPT ‘This Manual is a specialist manual devoted tthe desig of connoctions in stucual steawork in acordanco with ccurent Australian odes of pracice, roflcing tte curent stato ofkrowedpe of connection behaviour Wom test resus. In some stances, tho test avdonco Is sparco ard In ober Intanoes the evidence Is contradictory or ‘ouded, Tas Marual has Been wrtn by weighing tho evdones fo provide recommanded dosgn procedures ard providing a commentary fo sustain tha veason forthe choice of design model bythe authors. ‘This Manuals ntndod provid doign models which ove a ease estiate of conneeton desion capac an considerable eat has boon expended n researching and dovloping Srpo yo satstactory, design mages which {an bo stifled onthe basso he avalabe esoare anc cunt aosign pracic. tig o be emphasised ta or Some connestone, the dsign models presenta are not he ony possble models —thay happen to be the most Fepresertatve ofthe behaviour of aninaiveual connecon inthe pion of he authors. Rls net tended to suggest that ther modes may not ge adequate connection capac. ‘Te connectone det wih are those present in common use in Australia and raat the types of connections Covered win te AISC Standardized Sotural Connactons Ths Manuals used to generate load tbl for ‘conection within Stanéarzod Structural Connection, (Fat 1) “Te design models contained win thie Manual are considered o be spplcable ony to connactons which are ssontity steal loaded, Comectons subject te dynamic loads orn fatgue appcations may equre adctonal ‘onederatons. Some o! hee consterations ar noted Secon 40. 1.3 FORMS OF CONSTRUCTION [AS 4100 allows for te forms of constuction which relate othe behaviour o he connections. than requ hat the design of the connectors be such thatthe suture is capable of eslsting all dosgn actors, calculated by ‘assuming thal the connectons ae appropriate f0 the form of constucton ofthe structure or stetural par. The ‘asig of tho connectors is tobe consistant wih he form of constuction assumed “The thee forms of constuction are Rigid construction ~ For iid constuction, the connection ae assumed to have suiclnt ty to bold ‘he orginal angles betwoon the members unchanged. The Jot dlormatons must be sich that ay have ro sigrifeart ntuenes onthe dtrButon ofthe ation ales nar on tho over dlermaton a he ame ‘Semiigid construction — For sori constuction the connections may not have sufiiont ty hold ‘the orignal angles between tho mambers unchangod, but are required to have th capaci to fumish dependable and krown cegre of flaxura esa. The ratonship baween the dora o xual estat ‘ha the evel ofthe load eft equred obo established by motedsbasod on test result. ‘Simple construction ~ For sinie constuction, the connection tthe ends of membrs are assumed otto ‘ovlop benang momonts. Connectors betwaon members in single constuction must bo capable of ‘eterno prove the ruled rotalon at he connection. The connections are requred to ol develop & lovl of restarng bending mort which adversoly alloc: ary part of tho stra. Tha rtatoneapasty the connecton must be provided by the Getalng ofthe connecion and must have been demonstrated ‘xpormoraly. The connecton i tbe required tbe corsideed as eujocto reaction shea ores acting at an ecconticty appropiate othe connection detain, 2 ‘AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS 1.4 CONNECTION TYPES “Te ype of connections covered inthis Manual ae: FLEXIBLE CONNECTIONS (SIMPLE CONSTRUCTION) = ange seat ‘secnons 4.81 — bearing pad Sectors 4.252 — Hose ond ato Sections 4315 — angle coat Sectons 44/54 — web sido pat Secions 45155 — att sot Sections 45156 = bracing oat Sections 4.1/5.11 FIGID CONNECTIONS (FIGID CONSTRUCTION) = welded mom connacton Sections 47187 — boted momert end pate connection Sectors 48158 SPLICES — welded ple Sections 49159 — bate sco ‘Sectors $.10810 BASE PLATE — column baseplate (planed) Sectons 4125.12 ‘Atontonis given primarily o applications involving oled soo sactons in otbogona rammoworks, This Manual does rot atmpt to bo exhaustvo, and hee are numerous mscelaneous types of connections and Variations onthe above connection types which are not spectcaly deat wih In some uch cases, the pritepes given Neen ay bo applies subject to to tations rood or the recommend design mad for each connacton ‘Te design modals ar basicaly applicable for he bl 1ypes and weld types and sizes noted hecn. The mode hve ben specticalycovaloped wih Grade 250 stalin mind forte members and the connacon omponats Shou capaie of extension o Grad 900, Grace 260 and Grade 00 tos though no test datas valde for ‘ase Grades. Tho design models are prosartod for a completely general Getaiing of each connection, 1.5 ARRANGEMENT OF MANUAL, ‘Socton 3 ofthe Manual posers some gonaral design information requied fe all connections about bos, bl ‘Groups, ut welds, flr wees, ale wold groups, connecon components and conseted members Commentary ‘on tis Socton is contained in Sactons 5.13 105.17 and some design aid are presonod in Appendices Aand 8. ‘Secon 4 ofthe Manual lve a recommeded design made for each af the connections noted in Seton 1.4 together wit a least ane worked design exanpe. A Conmentary secon accompanies each design med! nthe ‘orespendingly numbered sub-secton in Secton 5 (e.g fora design model n Section 4% tha corresponding {commentary i gen i Secon 5.1). The purpose ofthe Commentary ist explain he basis ofthe formulae moa ‘esign modal to rviw the supporting erature and expand pon th reasons fhe slocon a he recommenda ‘esign mode Where appropri, rlrenceis made ots dl, Section 2 sunmarsesthenotaton used thoughout the Manual: Wherever possba, the notation is consistent wih that used in AS 4100, 1.6 COMPUTER PROGRAM “LIMCON” ‘The computer programs LIMCON has been developod by Engngoring Systems Pry Limited in association withthe ‘AustaianIstutoof Stel Consucton. The pooram rns cn lM compatbie PCx art hastinan ecient in the design and checking of cornocions according to tho method set out in tha book. LMCON fe opsonaly Avante wih the book. Appendix H conan instructs forth instalation and operation ofthe program. {AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS 32. NOTATION + Units are KN, mm, mn, MPa ii, men unos there note, ‘Notation i that usad in Sectors 3, 4 and and Appendices of his Manval Adstional notation used in Section 518 doing avon Prerrerreyp erprre P> ee reperrperperer 2 SFT irr eT cio TESTE cnt mainte Pilar arene aa poceatattine BESET seenncs Sime ont Sse sutton Crea mee am coeacenarrdams os manos Beene ages See coun Fateeth ela rc te ee semaines een FeSO wer ommtermanen uses oes omens Sieroeere EES ea Np Stwenwwidonaommamermen ee See in esp ee sure ares Saoett ot ttnn denen ter -etroe pn ees ne tect cate acto Secrememeescenamscgrees Bansieinicetemetrdeaes daws anicetn oso haere Sirs hetermn att raemeeos Siena mone seataes, SSE aan ten oa SIS Sees sn See ae Pe emer ea Ss Se meet scmanonsers REO EEE cases ssa ER ompten 279 Soros Soe am Spee Selicionen net am Ss ‘AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS Dscios—1004 width of fange ofa beam wath of fange ofa coun ‘imonsion dined in Sooton 4124 wich ofa component generally ofa bearing pad conponont wie equal to woo tickness plu wie the oot rau of role eacton ‘8 boring length dn ofa shear kay viaontl wis with na bearing pad connection ‘ange welé with clearance (opto a sacton {epth of ropaaton for an incomplete pentaton but weld opto filet wold group (se Table 32.7.) ‘opth of beam ‘stance between flange centoiss depth of column "pected dpthof web in bearing pad connection (Secon 42) ameter of batt diameter ofa holo pth of acomponont ‘depth of a bearing pad component ‘ulide dameter of a CHS sacton ‘entn ofa web pana ‘éameta ofa Sock for erslorng a ble opth of a shear key epth ofa web remaining web dept ofa coped sacton ‘olum Secson dope aqua tothe dtance between the ends ofits othe wab ‘oar depth between fanges ignoring ils cr wold: {wes the clear stance or the neural xo the compression Nange ‘Youngs moduli of easy, 200 10" MPa oconticty Gosign eccorercty of beam reaction of calunn ‘anil dance ina ilet wei! group ‘soconticy ina web spee ‘ccenfites dtined in Secfons 4.1/5.1 ane 4215.2 sccontity denedin Seclons 43,44, 4.5 occontfeies dined in Secions 44,45 ‘esign force on let weld group paral tothe group xls ‘esi foro on a ilt weld group paral th group y-axis ‘sign fore 0 lt wold grup paral ton group Zale haracoriste compression strength of const foundation a 28 days tenella evength Uso in design rom AS 410¢ {fora bracing member connecting t bracing cleat {fora supporting member or column minimum tonslo strong of abot {itor afange {tora component {itor abearng pod tensile strength of apy ‘nominal tense song of doped weld etal used for dein {ota member web ioe stress usd in design fjforan angle comporent {forthe bearing race ol bearing pad connection fyfora supporting meme or column. fora tangs seseges e PP ppasapezes.be = fy fora debi plate cf 1 fy fora component i = (tora bearing pad component t 1 ld toes ofa stifener used Indesign e = Vid S085 used in dosign for member web e 7 average design shoarstoss in a web e mmsimum dosign shear recs ina web i = second moment of area (gona). & = polar second moment of area of bot group about conto of bo group C = second momento rsa of bol group about axis bough cnt of bat group . ‘= second momont of aoa of bl group about yas ough conto of Bok SOUP e Tote parrot stoners ora sng etener w rotwob of Fsecton alone 6 pola sacord momento rea of wold group about centroid of weld group c "= Second momont of area oie! weld group about is rough centro of lt wel group S ‘= second moment of aroa of filet weld group about 2 trough centroid ol Wal OUD R estance ona calumn section om out face of fange tonne end of root rus K area of fangortotal cross sactonal area ke = facorforaferent hoe types (8.8/TF boing category) Kw = Proportion of te design Benen moment wensmited by the wed nr = coxtcont alow forte acon! bot free due to png e = reduction factor io account forthe angi oboe oie welded ip pie connection & 7 area of weboial rose eectonal area K=kq 7 coecients deine n Seton 43.2 ook) = coe C = lena or 4 1 length ofan angle seat = length dotine in Secton 48.2.9 & = length bracing coat connection rom last bot to wold i = length ot acope i) length of enbedment of an anchor bot i = efecve length ora amber o component subject to compression = distance rom tho top oa beam member to the op of @calumn member fo ‘whch ts rigid connected lr = goomotial slendemass ato a = lengh of horzertal oustanng log in an angle seat connection = length of ahookin an anchr bot L = length of bracing deat comenont ic length of abated lap spoe conection iS = distance between points of fective lateral support = length ofa sifener = length ofa socket used for tnsoning bls & = length of vertical leg in an angle seat conection re = length of alt weld in a welded lap spice comacton = length of et wold group generaly fe = longi ina lt wold group when i fssumed to rcv fore paral oho xx of he weld group fs = length inlet weld group whic f assumed to receive fore paral othe y aso! the weld group c = length ina let weld group which i assumed to rcave fore paral othe z-axofhe weld group LiisLue = lengths o web dened in Section 46 ® = nominal member moment capacty Men = nominal capaty of abot group of et weld group whic sont subject ‘couple appted at he conoid fe group M ‘ominalsecion moment eapecty {ve = nominal eocton moment expscty fra double web coped section ta connection Me = nominal secton moment capacty ofa component Me = nominal ecton moment eapacty fran uneaped member ata connection Me = nominal scton moment capacty fra sing web coped sacon at a connwcion ne + nominal moment capacity of wold web Mz = nominal momonteapacty of web dovbler patos Me * nominal moment capac ofa weld in web in presence of axial force 6 ‘ASC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS. Dsci0+—1094 osign benaing moment on aconnocton sign in-plane bonding moment ana bot group apple at the group contols 7 design bending moment on a column ‘design bonding moment on a wab ‘sign moment ona et wold up about x axe of the weld group app a the grou catoid ‘osign momont ona filet wold group about ax of the weld group apple a the group conoid ‘esign moment ona filet wold up about 2 axe of he weld group apple’ a the group cantokd ‘nominal capacity of bot group in bracing oat Romina capacity of cnet foundation n compression nominal capacity of bracing lat in axl compression ominal capacity of concrete In eundaton resting pullout Ne ‘ominal song ofa iene in compression esig capac of stool base plata Ne ‘minal capacty of pla In Bonding —boted moment end plate ‘minal capacty oa fange spe pat in compression ‘nominal eapacty ofa fang sp atin tension ‘minal sectoncapacty frail oad ‘minal secon capaci ofa compression member ‘minal capacty of steal base platen axial compression of axial torsion ‘nominal secon capacty in tonsion ‘nominal capacty of racing cleat n axial tnsion ‘nominal capacty of bolts af onson flange — bated moment and pate nominal capacty of bracing cleat n tock howe ‘nominal capacty ofan anchor bot group mn tesion ‘nominal eapecty of racing cles compenot i axa tonson nominal onson capacity of abot ‘inmum bot tension at instalation ‘nominal srengt ofa esfnerinersion ominal sergio a stlne’dosgrad to eset excess shear fore in aclumn ‘nominal capacity of fit weld group subject ail ore orinal capac af flat or But wold subject fo ail force ‘ominal capacity of web dour pats subject o axial free ¢osign ail force on aconnocton tesion or compression ‘esi ail conprosson force an bracing cost Asi tang fore ata compression flange duet bending moment proportion of N*resistd by he compression flange fdosign force on a sloncar athe compression fange roporion of Nresistod by afange total compression dosign frcoin a ange total onion design fore ina tange design aval tension fore on bracing dat design tarsion ore ona bot dosgn ange foro at atnsion ange due to bending momnt poporion of N resists by the tension fange ‘esi fore on aetfener atthe tension Farge ‘desig fore ona stlaner duet shear Broparion of N resist by the wed = tts numberof bots ina ine umber of ots in abot group or number of anchor bois ‘numberof angle coats ina connection (1 2) ‘umber of ots in connection not at tnsion lange — beled moment ond plato rumbor a tee traces nan 88 eatgory bois connacon ‘umber of nes of bos a gauge 5 ‘umber of shear planes wit reads intreapting th shear plane umber of ts na ine a ch {otal numberof bois na connection umber of shear planes without tvoads intercepting the shaw plane frstmoment fafa ofa section ‘rst moment of area o Secon ata cope oinal bearing capacty of a web BRRRRRS f [AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS 7ear So So & = So & . ‘ & + Ps & 1 i ® © nominal bearing buckling capacity nomial bearing yi capacty orsnal capacity fa column ajacont to a beam compression flange nominal capt ofa stifened column adjacent oa beam compression fargo nominal capaci of sttfened wod ona column which i erminate ner the ener nominal capac ofa column fange adjacent oa beam tension flange nominal eapacy ala eal fange wih doubler patos adjacent o Beam tension flange ‘nominal epacty ota stlened column fange ajacon to a beam tension tangs esign easton ra of gyration ‘eotracus of asecton ‘oot radius ofan ang in an angle soatconnacton root raus of a beam mone Foot rac of clue mamber ‘maximum value of fra bois in a bot group radius tert bot ina bl group rom he inetantaneous contre of rotation rads of gyration ota sitner Plastic secton modulus Plastic sacton modulus o an uncaped member Piascsacton modulus oa component laste secton modulus of single web coped member ‘pacing generally ‘stoner spacing ‘aug of bats a bot group Dl of bots in abot group ao equa syfry1)8) thickness general thieoss of angle n angle sat connection thickness of bearing in abeaing pad connection hickness of bracing mombercannacing e bracing clot thickness of a supporting member eeness a a lange coer plate rickness of fange thickness of ange of beam thickness of fange a a oluma thiekness of rout under a ealumn baseplate thekneas of @compenint thickness of bearing pad component thekness of ply or & packer plate thickness of inner outs ply ‘hikness ofa siener thickness ofa sear key ‘esign oat icknees of weld ‘hodness of wb thickness of woof a beam thiomess of web of column ‘tines ofa web doubler late minimum wob thickness of connected webs log sizeof et wold Individual design capaitsinshoa for connection each based on 2 separa dtnod possbe faiure mode ‘nominal capacity fa pli bearing ‘minal shear buckling capacty of a web vale of Vy for an ange ‘ale of Va or suppering member or colrmn value of Ve fora fangs nominal shear capacty of abot due o bearing falure ona component er supporting momber| ‘value of Vor given horzontal end tance ‘aloof Vor component nominal eapacty oa coped beam — beck shea fale ASC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS Dscios—1004 Value of Ve fora given vorical end distance ominal capaci of column in shear ‘esigneapacy deine in Socion 41 ‘design capac of fx connecton rominal capa oa sige bot ehear~ avengt i tate rina capacity ofa bot or fet welé group Sbjct on-plane horizontal shea ony inal capaci ofa bot or Mit weld group subject on plane vertical haar ery revinal capaci for resising shear fore at a ase pao (so0 Section 425) reminal capaci oy fra gvon horizontal end stance rominal capt oy fora gen vertical end dtance, ‘nominal shear capac o bot stength i tate ‘nominal eapacty in shear of bots ~ bold moment endplate nominal capacty of fang bos ~boted splice ~evength imi tata ‘ao of V for he case of Bveads intereaping the shea plane nominal capecty a fange bots —boted spice — series it stata ‘aloof Vor he case of treads not inoropting he shear plane nominal shear capsty of shear koy Ve fan uncoped section Vin fr asngle web coped secon nomial capacity of pain shear boted moment on pate Romina! shear capaty of abot soreabiy lint tte nominal ehear capac ofa web with uniform shear sess cstrbuston ‘nomial shear capacty ofa web rominal shear capaci of web doubler late rominal we shear capaci in presonce of bending moment rminalcapacty of embedded ancnr bot sucjectto shea force nominal shear yecapacty of a web reminal shar eapacty ofa web weld ominal shear eapacty fora covblo web coped member at connection sominal shear capacty of web double plates ‘minal capacty of aot waldo lange = combination botedwelsed epee ‘minal shear capac for an uneaped member a connecson| ‘nominal shear capac fora single web coped member ata connection {esi shear free on @connecton 03ign vorcal shear free ona connection ‘design bearing force on ply at ot cation value of V" ona bot group appr ple atthe group canto in ahozontal rection ‘value of V" on a bok group app r-plane at the group conoid i a vrtal rection {esi shar force ona column a id connection Cosi ener force on abot strength it state ‘design shar force ona bol due fo design acon Va ‘osign spear force ona bat ina bot upd fo & couple apple at the group cantokd hotlzontl component ot Vie veticl component of Vig ‘esign shea loco on n' Bo due to apples actions ‘maximum value of resultant dasgn shear free on abot in bl group or on baseplate sign shear force on a bal servioabiy it state ‘esign shea force on a bal due fo design action Vi, esign shear force at ed plate-soppontiterace esign shear force on awe ‘esign shear force paral o momber major xa esig shear force parla o member manor y als reminal capaci of lle wes por unt ength esign ore por unt longi ona tilet we ‘esig ore or unt ong ile wel noc tit weld throat ‘esutart value of V" per unt eng a fle wld obaind by vectorial ation ‘esi ore por unt ong filet wes = logtuinal along fet wad trast. esign force por unt lng filet wed —tranevorse 1 ot wold oat ‘vale of "per unit length paral ox xs of lt wel group [AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONSoeep pep erpprrpeprrssnrepee eee e aR PPR = terms defined for a stifonod colune at te teslon tango —botd moment on plate ‘valve of V" per unit eng paral to y-axis of lt weld group ‘vale of V" per uit length paral 2-axi of let weld group aor prncipal aus coordinate x coordinate af rtrd of bot weld group x coordina of nstaneeus cen of rotaton relative to bo group contoid ‘xcoornae of nth bot na bot group ative to the bo group cons major pina ans exordato Y e0ordnae of conto of be wald group ‘stance trom neta axa ante of compression fangs coordinate of instantaneous conve of eatin clave to bot oupoontrald coordinate of n¥ bln abot aroun rave to the bo grou cond ‘stance tom neta axis canto of enslon#ange 1 eiaste socion modus sectin meduius or exrome bola abot group ‘facie secton magus fra compact eacion ‘lectve secton macs ofa section 0ctn modulus for earome pat in abot group fr calculating component of force tobe resisted wihou pare earou section meduius for extreme btn abot group fr eaclatng horizontal Component tbe resistod witout plate wareuk ocie secton meas fora component 7 secéon modulus for extreme bot in abot roup for calculating vertical ‘Component to be restsod witout plate tarcut 2, or aweb wold intermediate tem used to cleat 25 fool group with Wo lines of bots ‘laste sacton modulus ofa sngla web coped membor angi of elinaton of a beam member toa cali angle beeen a clagona web stoner and horizontal stitners langle of preparation ofan incomplete penetaton but wold ‘beam rotation rotation of supported member angle to nth bot in bot group rom he instantaneous cent of rotation ‘compression member factor, a defined in Clase 6.3.3 of AS 4100, ‘compression mamber secon constant, as defined in Clause 62.3 of AS 4100 ‘moment mastication face for bending and compression ‘ompresion momberslandomassredvton factor tension Hl ootieient for web shear bucking fange estan factor fr web shear bucking shear buckling cotton for a we ‘moment ampiiiationtatr fo: a braced member ‘moment ampitication tater, than a the greater of & and ‘moment amplicon tactr for plastic design ‘moment ampticationtetr fora sway member compression momber factor, ae dened in Cause 62.9 of AS 4100 compression member imperecton factor, as dared in Cause 6.3.3 AS 4100, ica. 14180) Stenceress ato pia Plato oloment pasty slondornoss it Dla eloment yd sondern iit modiied compression member sendemess steton sendermese secon plasty slondomaes iit secon yea slendomass it, sip factor capaci factor [AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS _ 3. DESIGN OF CONNECTION ELEMENTS 3.1 BOLTS AND BOLT GROUPS 9.11 BOLT TYPES AND BOLTING CATEGORIES TABLES ‘Detas of boused oting | Siangih | Min Ga] win Bot | Sok ane | Auavalan emer Gregory | Gedo” | Tonate | Yous ‘Standort Seoratn | Sena ues" | es? 48s 46 [20 [20 [commas | Assia | tnstcony at most conmony er (Por 2) | sratabo ts Gewo abot oes toed eas 28 | exo | cco [insvonam [As re | cos ae uso Sra uguanes Src (het 2). | Rowino mast carnan bor Poses ured fou eare| ea | 6@ | on Svangn Inbot applatons, bots we ‘Shou! ity Tensored be bor foguremate SAS 4100, Costot eer Prion Ateoenng san nporan ‘ype comecton ‘Srakoabon ne we hace as ase] tna proces. sate) es | am | cco [ionsvomn | 2 Src Bowing pe conection In Australia a standard bling catgaridentticaon system has been adopedin AS 4100 forse by signers and etalrs. This sjstom is summarised in Table 11 ‘The system of catagory designation deities the bolt boing used by specifying ts sesagh grado designation (4.6 2° 8.5} and dns the nstalaton procodure by aeupplementary eter (6—snug;T—tulfensonng © AS 4100), For 8.87 catogoris, he typeof ats denied by an adona ltr (F —eton pe, bearing ype), ‘Saegory 488 reer to commercial ols of Stongth Grade 4. conforming 0 AS 111, ghtones using a standard vreneh oa enug Sgt eondton. Catgor 8.8 oes to any bo of Sirengh Grade 8.8, Yohtoned using a standard wrench to a nog ight condtion in tho same way as fr catogory 4. Essentaly, these bolts aro used as higher grade conmerca Bots odor toinrase te capacty of connections. n practice, tay are normaly high svorgthsbuctural bats of Grade 80 '851252, but any oer bolt of Grade 8.8 wou be satstactry suchas those 0 AS T°, Catogories 88/7F and 8.878 (r 8.8 when relering general to both yes) tle specially high stength Structural bots of strength grade 8.8 conlorming to AS 1283, ‘uly tensioned ina controled manor t the requirements of AS 4100 ‘The use of he various botng categories is cussed in Ro. 2 whe te approprcte baking catagry for each ‘conection ype daniied nis Manual. Goneray, bling categories 48 anda. 8 are usodn nite connection (Sections 41-46, 411) whl catogoy ‘88/TB is use in rigid connections ar spices (Sectors 48 and 410). Category 8 i recommended ony fo sein connectons where a no-slp connection under sendcaabily loads easontal. 88/TF iste ony olny ‘ategoy which requrescorsidoraon of th condton othe contac uraces na comectn, Design drawings ad shop deal drawings shoul both contain nee summaring Table 2.1.1 Dsco+to04 ‘AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS "Sn 9.1.2 DESIGN TO AUSTRALIAN STANDARD AS 4100 [AS 4100 is a design code writn innit tte format, in which tw Ei states might aque consideration in the 620i of tts connections! ‘STRENGTH LIMIT STATE (requis consideration for all bated connections) SSERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE (oqures consceraton oly oa lass of connections ‘which are required not slp under serceabity loads), ‘Acommerary on AS 4100 i ound in Rt. 25. ‘Te provisons of AS 4100 regarding botud connections for bth limit status are summarsadin Sectors 3.1.3 and ane 3.1.3. AS 4100 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS — STRENGTH LIMIT STATE 343.1 Goneral The strong iit state design provisions which apply for tate load applications are ound n Clause 9.3.2 of AS 4100, Theos provision ae suratiad in Table 3.2.1, The Gos provisons folow cect rom te song of bolts discussed in Secton 5.13 and Relroneas 2 an 35. TABLE [Link] [AS 4100 CLAUSE 9.3.2 PROVISIONS STRENGTH LIMIT STATE—STATIC LOADS ag 100 Design Requirement Couse ss potin | eaz1 | visev ‘Shear V; = design seer force Y= nominal capacty in sheer eee = cepatly inti = 08 1S Iinmum tersie svongth of pot (Table 3.1.1) = 400 Pa Grade 46 to AS 1187 £820 Ma Grade 88 to AS 1252 lucton factor or boted lap spice connections (Section 412) For all eter connections ke = 1.0 valable bolt shear area (Section 313.3), Fora singe Balt wih engi shear plane heads ipcuded A = Aone ae Fora single bol ith singe shear plane, threads Biclided Ay = Ay sham area borin | 0822 sem ension Nj = design tension force Ny = pominal capacity in ension i Borin | oaas Shear ‘and Tension ayin | oaza fearing j= Gesign beating force ona ply Ve = nominal eapacty of py im beating Ve 82q4 toca tlre) Eavle* lterouttarure) 4 = capacly actor = 08, 4, = bot diameter ty = thickness of te ay 25 = minimum distance trom the edge ofa hole oth. ‘olaiply Inthe dracton of the component of foresp Ball he bolt iameter uy = tanaleetvengh ofthe ply 2 ‘AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS Dsciot—1004 43132. Lap Spee Connections er soe is cacimees eee erereeeenenssvmeeereees fpaceen on gsi ein a n nin e Sere meets seae tone tae seer oneeen as SEES Ce (carrera eee cores sane (racing cleat (Secon 411) (ipboted tangs spies (Section 410) For all her connection ia his Manual, k= 1.0 ‘Valves of kor various bot pitches and number of bots nae are given in Table 31.3.2). TaBLEA13.2(1) REDUCTION FACTOR FOR LAP CONNECTIONS (x) ee ere a 10 105000 | 076 Pig. ata2 TABLE [Link](2) VALUES OF k, FOR VARIOUS BOLT PITCHES Values of for not o{| 4 os 6 7 8 ® os | 10 10 090 097@ 0961 om mo | 10 30 988-070 09520935, 75 | 10 10 9810963 age 005, ao | 10 os 09750955 0ga5 Osis, a5 | 30 a9 0960 om ©0926 0905 90 | 10 oes 09630940 ass 0805 Nea1)9 = ttl numberof Blin on 2)5, = bot pen nth of bated ap spice sc/04—1004 ‘AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS. 8: 9433 ShoarAroa Botied connections sutjoct to shear may be other Insal wih the thread ofthe bl cossng the shear plane of wih the plain shank of tho bot crossing the shea plane. The alomatve arangomonts are Secueeedin at. 2 Ina Joint wih number of shear planes, som shear planes may css the eveaded pat of th Bel while ths shear Panos may cross the sha. Clause 8.3.21 of AS 4100 recognises that ho srengh ofthe bal across any show pane is dependent upon the ‘svaiable shear area ofthe bot a that plane, alows for al possible combatons by ctning the shea aa as Ay = salable bot shear area RAGE where: A, = corearea(s0e Appa A) 1K, = plain shank area oe Append A) y= numbor of shear panes wit eadsitercapting tha shear plane 1% + numberof shoar panes wih shank intercepting the shoa plane Usuay ether n= and n=O when there are wo piles and theads nropt he shear plane thus giving A= Aa) (Of r= 0 army 1 whon thar are two pls ac the shank ercepe the shear pla ths ging Aas As). 21.24 Filer Pats ‘Where tle plates exceed 6mm but are less than 20 mm in tl heknas, the nominal shear capac V pected In Table 8.1.81 ls requted by Causo 9325 of AS 4100 to be reduced by 15%, Filo pale goat than 20 mm in total hides stout nat be usod as no design gaan le aval n AS 4100, 3a, ‘AS 4100 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS — SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE 8141 General Under conan condton, a bated connection which does no sip under the senviceabity lads may be speed This ype of connections known a a fictomype joint and employs the 8. bong category. “Tha no sip roquiroment applies or the sordenabity it stat would be totaly unrealistic to have 0 sp othe _stongh it sito ~ hough a separete chock i also requted by AS 4100 forth strength imi sat Ths sign ‘heck is cared out othe desig requrements summarised in Seton 3.1.3, “Th design requirments of AS 410 for 8.8/TFboting category are summarisad in Tale 9.1.4, ith te bot hole clearances permits by AS 4100, he maxium amount ip that can occur witha single bat ina ‘Sng oles 2-3 mm. n actual connection, asthe number a bats ina connect Incoases, 20 te potential for Sip docreass since the normal inacaracies in abreaton and aecon mean tha ome Dts inthe connecson are ‘most kay f be in boaring mode even bole the Connection ace, Sip onlynesds tobe resco wher such spate th sanviceablt or behavou ofthe suture. Suchinetanoes far rare and are most restricted to cases of contnualy reversing lading or fatigue loading 8.142 nila Bot Torsion ‘hero canbe considerable variation in ho loel of bt tension possible, unless conta sexerosud ovr the bot Insafaton proceuure. The proceaures wttin AS 100 for bolt salon are ended te ensue thal & oad vol finstased bo tension achieved sothat the design provisos against slip undo orveabity load are hamsoles ralabe 3149. Holo Types Diterent hole types round, sort slotod on slotted and oversize — are permite by AS 4100, ‘Alot the ole types, excopt tho standard round hole wih 23 mm clearance may cause aloes of clamping fore in ‘he vicniy of he bolt Becauso of os of area duo he bigger role. The camping fore fs igh localed around the hole and any loss ofarea asa sgrticant aot on he tension achieved, which in um aoc the sp resistance tthe nertsce “The factor for eronthol typos, yi intendedto compensate for ths alec, nd varie rom 0,700.00 according ‘ahole ype (se Table 31.) “ [AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS pscioe—1984 Fs Dscvo4—1904 8144 Contact Surtace Condition “Te value ofthe slp actor, nis highly dependent onthe condition of the contact or fying surfaces. This sp factor should be detomined using atest procedure as lad down In Appendix J ot AB 4100. The sip factor tied In AB 4100 for bare soe surtaces i 0.38, TABLE 3.1.4 {AS 4100 CLAUSE 8.2.3 PROVISIONS SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE—STATIC LOADS ‘unit | AS 4100 Design Requirement state_| ‘Clause aotin | oaa1 | vasevy ‘Shear Vi, = design shear foree—sericeability limi state ¢ = capacity factor = 07 Vg = nominal shea capecity—serviceabily lit tate HAN hy = Sipteci? = 035 or clean as-roledsurtaces or as determined by tosing in accordance wih Appendix J of AS 4100, ‘4 = numberof effective netacae, IN, = minimum bot tensions instalation see Table A, opal y= factor or trent hole ypes = TO tor standard holes 088 or oversize holes = 05 or shor slotod hols} as permited by AS 4100 = 0170 for long soted hol potin | aaa ear & Mae Me, Fear ai” = 19 [Ni = design tension force—servceablity int site Ny = nominal tonson eapacty ofthe bot ateoe Table AS, ABD) Vay ‘AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS. 63415 BOLT GROUPS LOADED-IN-PLANE For bot groups subject toa combination of in-plane vertical shear, in-plane horlzontal shear and in-plane Bending moment, general expressions governing the design o uch bot groups can be deved. A summary ot the governing expressions is gven below, while a fil ervaon ofthe expressions ls given In Secton 814. In certain instances, notably for a bolt group leaded by an eccentic veal in-plane shear force, a tem Zs Can bo derived 2y fact the number of effective Bolts loaded in vertcal shear nthe bat group and ths form can be used directly withthe values given in Appendix Ato determine the design eapacty In eocetic eal shea fora given bot group. Tables of Z, fr valves of bop (,) and gauge (canbe derived — for examplein Appendix A where tables fos, = 70 mm ands, = 70,90, 40 mm are presented (@) Single Bolt Column (©) Double Bott Column np rownat np pitch Fig. 218 inre dMam Vn and Vy ae functions of V 38 follows: (See Section 5.14) ‘The governing equation [ol Lo) fs] «Fis 2 [Vin] [Mim]. [Vin] gra te) Lite] [aa] <2 ren So, ana Kn of Ya a ite Sina ova = Be a= ams) iis ay = 4 (89), Bor = 9 (89, Man @ BEE Novy torn #1 form =1 = Has tales ty n= Ton oH) = 546%) forny = -— Te hate: Vy = nominal capacity ot single boltin shear -strength it state (Secton 3.1.3) o-08 6 [AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS Dsc/04--1906 forthe esvicted case whore Via = Oand Mia = eVE..e = eccentric of VE, om centroid of bolt group then Vis « Z2(6) — Berivation in Section 5.14) (a) Single Batt Column (©), Double Batt Column owe 2 = 22/5 veakeib| 2am toy itis also necessary In bolted connections to check the components of forces acting towards the edge of & ‘Component of supported member to ensure tal end pate Yearouto¢ bearing flure wil nt oocur. The ‘eration of expressions to cover his tation may be found in Section 5.14, The equations derived may be ‘Summarized 2 follows {@) Single bot column (©) Double bot column DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Vi = VUES WEF iP 6M Vie Zu (€¥ed 2p Vibe Zan (Ven 2ny Vie = VIET WEP « Oe Vi « (Ve) Vie © 25 (6) waere et Viv = Veg 5 Vine vue aft) wet . arte . he = Sting — 9+ stay 4 ca wet a5 te a ae — ee eles] 6 za=0 net ano Mia = 8325 Wa = Boat a = $00 e {= tenle strength of py 15 = thickness of ply a, = vrtcal ede sistance igs 5141,51418) 20 = horizontal edge tance Figs. 1431, 51419) o9 bolt dlametar 80/04—1094 ‘NSC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS ”3.1.8 BOLTED CONNECTION GEOMETRY Minimum Edge Distance Minimum edge distances trom the contre of «bolt hole to the edge ofa plate or te flange ofa rolled section are specie it AS 100 as flows: 1175 6yfr sheared or hand flame cut edge 41506, for machine fame cus, sawn or planed edge 1.256 for rated edges or ole sections = where 4; is the nominal diameter of the ‘aatener Table 21.6.1 lists theoe minimum edge distances Maximom Edge Distance AS 4100 species the masimum edge distance trom the eenve of a bot tothe nearest edge Ti limited Ye 12} or #[Link], whichever isthe lesser, wheres the thlokness a he thinner outer py. Minium Pitch of Bote Minimum pic of bois Is specie in AS 4100 to be 25 times the nominal clameter of the bolt However, iti longed to tension bolt with a fspeclal tensioning tool the minimum dlstancs Between the contves of bolt holes. shall be ‘appropiate othe ype oot Used, Maxioum Pitch of Boi Maximum pitch of bots epulated in AS 4100 to be the loso0" of TS, and 200 mm where may be faken as the thickness of the thinner outside ply. However, in the following eases the maximum stances shall be (@) For fasteners which are not required to carry TABLERA84 ‘MiNmMUM EDGE DISTANCES Nominal | Sheared |Roted Piste; Diamewr | orttand | "Machine | “Flame. | Flame Cut, Fastener | cuteage | "Sawn or a Planed Eage| | 2 2 18 6 2 2m 2 8 2 Es 2 3 So 3 & (©) Focan outside ine of astner inthe craton ote design force he ester ff + 100 mm, snd200 mm Bolt Holes ‘The ameter of bolt hole in boted comectons is stipulated in AS 4100 to be larger han the Bolt Gametorby iter 2mm for M2 bot or smaller ‘3mm for bots lager than M24 | mm forholes in base pies | In some applications, tho use of soted or oversize holes may be lustfed in order 10 ease erecton diffcuies. The large oversize holes permitod in| base plas isto assist in column erection and is Felated fo the out-of-position of anchor bolts Permit in AS 400, "AS 41(0 also makes provision forthe us of short. ‘and long sited Roles and oversize Roles, and the Gesign actions regions nat lable to corrosion detaled provlone for such holes aro summareed the lesser of 324 and 300 mm. in Tablet, TABLE 3.1.82 [AS 4100 PROVISIONS FOR SLOTTED AND OVERSIZE HOLES (= nominal bot amet) Maximum Size (om) Hole Intatona Type_[ Genera! [wo] wae ‘ ‘snort | waste | 22 | 26 | May bo used in shear conecins, nfouon-type [ont sols may siotea | git? De used without regerd Yo dreaton of loading. In besting- ype usnge:> | so | v4 | jeint sis must oe narra tthe Grecton oft lad bons must 330° bear unlermiy: jan cant be eccentealy onde. Maybe used n Pex Any oral pls of bah pes provided hardened waher or pte (whichever is ‘washers afe used under tok head and nut | wreereatey | |_| ‘ong | wid: | 22 [26 | May bo usod in shear cennections, bt only In alomate ples in sloned | git 2 Ilctlon-yoe fonts, may be used witout regard Yo direston of Lung» | 50 | 60 | loading, tn bearng:nype les, sits must be normale the crcton 28 Gt the ioe, bolts must bear Untermiy and the joint eannet be fecontialy loaded. Spec washer or pate (28mm tick) %0 ‘overall exposed long acted Noles Oversize | >1.254 [28 | a2 | May be used in any ofall ples of Bearng-type and Fcton-ype 2a 8 Connections provided herdoned washers of pla washers we (whichovor inated over he verszenoles, "he greater) 1” [AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS sc/04—1904 i Dsc704— 1006 ‘94.7 EXAMPLES 4171. Lap Spice Connection [chock a bolted splice In a 180 * 20 pate inthe folowing configuration to ensue that it an wana the Gesig orsion capac ofthe plate i lo P j wa is Br} —- Nt c yet Fj 0 ° [ | 0 ? ie I Grade soto as 78 SolesdPa Zick m 13000 2 «22 30 = 2720 fs 400 Cute 72. N90» 250/10 = S001 W085» 10 2720» 0/10" = BH Despncepscy ot = 09 900-8704 SplcePaue —2No%1Onmbick = 200MPa = 40a Aye 2x 180 © 10 = Sb00mm Ao ae ne 10 2% 22010) = 20 mt «380 280/09 — 9061 W085 10 220» 4107109» OAK Desin cpnciy a, 09 «888 = a424N > 14 wots Macatee 8/5 2m eto w= nm eating = 7m ea iieimum pain shank ength = 165mm (Ret. 2) Hence threads intercept one shear pane pln shank he other shear plane. Design capacity of boltsin shear = dy + Vy = 926 + 129 ~ 221.8KN (able A22) | = 7omm ttt ast bol, each side of pice location) hence, k = 1.0, Plate Crushing and Tearout 4 = 20mm ‘Spliced Plate = 40mm t= 4I0MPa ty = 20mm Vi < 92 « 410 % 20 x 20/10 = 62544 40 x 20 x 410/10" = 32 KN Not criical since oy (~ 09 « 328 kN) > gi(= 221.6 KN) ‘As: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS: °Splice Fates: a= 38mm y= A10MPa = 1mm Vy 6 82 x 410 x 10 20/109 = 2624N © 35 «10% 410/108 ~ 144 0N i = 09x 4LiN > OBEN threads included DOES NOT CONTROL, = 120KN = 1204 treads excluded Design Capaciy on two shoar planes per bolt = 626 + 129 = 2218KN Tell Design Capacity ot 4 bos each side of spice locaton = 4 x 221.6 - 886 KN > 8I0KN SATISFACTORY 81.72 Eccentic Connecton Generating -Plane Bot Shear Forces 8.4,3,8,5, 4" 5, | L_ 500 Pom of application of V* Fig. a3.72 Design actions at bo group canto: Vb, = VAN Mtn = 05" Kim Bolt group design parameters ater Section 21.5}- © = 500 mm = 90mm = -s@a- boomy =00mm my e4 yz 04e8e 2 grag Por raion x soon egg 23 * cae iS Jaret + @761/0420eF ° » ‘Nbc: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS sc/o4—1804 ot Design Capaciy; M20bolls 8.8/8 boting category ‘gip = 154 + 8 = 234mm From Ret. 2, 85 mm ong bots shortest oesbe bolt ‘55 mm long bok hes mininum pin shank of 1 mm (< 164): treads intercept shear plane Va = 6¥q = 828KN — (TabieA22) ‘crushing on 8 mm py, Ve = 18DKN (Table A22) "NOT CRITICAL {Pate enrout assessed for components of bot orcs separately) Using Secon 3:15-- Metned a) using 25~ VE, « 25 (6) = 1072 x 926 = 984 KN since Viy =V" then VF < 004KN Metnod sing interaction equation- Vip ~ 0 @Va= 8x 926=7403KN (Table A10) (Mor = 0571 x 926 = 520KNm (Table 20) [pia emf se] [985] -[e85]" <2 IvePtvaze + 108 + 89508 « 104 « 10 vr oon cht cc ga |[ao7] | [aor]? - ome(§4][85] + [8]'=10 oreo Now chock end pat tarcutof component forces using method in Section 21.5 te = 227s + 9 « perro) 165200 (Table A10) 5200 20 = BOKER TORE ~ 0288 = 0188 ‘Now vortcal end plate tereut snot kal n ether column or bracket, while horizontal end pte tearout wll feccur in the Brim wat of the channel member before occuring in column fange. Hence, ay = 50mm, = Bam ty = A1OMPa, 6 09 = 09 % 50 x B x L10/109 = 147 6KN V4 < Zan (QM) = 0155 1478 = 229KN Vip= ant = 2% 46220 189KM>_V" DOES NOT CONTROL 028s Vi, a = vp $00.2 370 = Vian = vt, 005537? ~ 080s ve, b= 09 82 x 20% 8 x AO/I08 = 188.9 AN Vin = (ViOi25 + OBE + OOH) Vt, « 1809 Vi < >0984N DOES NOT CONTROL DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS a3.2. WELDS AND WELD GROUPS 321 WELD TYPES ‘Six typos of wads are mantonedin AS 4100 (s08 Fig 2.2.1; Complete ponetation but wold a weld wher fusion ats between weld metal andthe parent met! thoughout tho ona pth of the jn. ABatwed one in wh the weld les eubetantaly wehin te extension of th planes ‘tthe sures of ono or mere off pl one. Incomplete penetration but weld—a but ald where, by design, fusion doos nt extend treughout the ful depth of the jit Filot wold ~a weld of approxima angular cross scion which i ered inthe comer between the suace of ‘wa components lug weld — a weld made by completly or paral fing a circlar hole one component wih lor metal, with ho ‘er metal using tthe contiguous component exposed tough the hale, Slot wold wold made by doposting a tilt wold around he porphry oan elongated hoe in one component so astojoin it te suace of @coniguous component exposed Yuh the hole Compound weld - wold comprig lt weld superposed on abut wo. } Moc Intrmation on wold types ray be fund in AS 1101.3 and AS 2812 (Rls. 36:37), {AS 4100 revs th us of plug nd lot wold to applications whee these welds ther anemi hearin ap jens or where they prevent bucking oflapped pars or where toy jon component pars of ultup members. ‘the connoctons dealt wih inthis Manual ue ether fet or but weds. ome | \ J one, (©) Complete penetration but weld in (@) Complete penetration but weld ‘her than ina Tointor {Tein or comer it omer iaint (2) Incomplete pentraton but welds (6) lor wos (@) Compound wed (Pa, 3.2: Wold Toot ‘ISG: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS, osci0s—1996 es 922 WELD CATEGORIES {AS 4109 permits ho uso of two wold categories as flows SP svctural pupose (GP general purpose ‘he dirence betoon these weld catagories es inthe evel of prise Imperoctins allowed by AS 15541 (Pot. 20) SP weld category has smaller period imperectone~ ands accorsngy more rab an category (Gp. Ones the pormites lava of imperocione le exceaded the imperactone are classed ae dsc, These fatepores of wold cane be accopod under AS 1854" # tha vel! permite imperectonse exceeded, Unoss ilcan be doronstaodby a racure mechanics assessment ha the dates wil not be uous ote performance be scr. “Te slocton of wld catogry isa tho disration ofthe designer. In this Manual the dasgn mols aro presented {Das o alow oer weld catgor, tits expocid hat mest welds willbe weld eatogory SP n pacts. 32.3 STANDARD WELD SYMBOLS = Theleters CP nie ao Ne enw inset a consi pneaon bu wad The talhaud be ont i no reerence Ti ragit. ‘The siz of let wed shal eto heeft ofthe symbol For an incomplete penetration but web, the desdgn test thickness shall bet the lef ofthe symbol. Whore re Scign tat tices i shown, 2 complote onevation but welds assunad roqured ‘Arrow sie and ater sdo weds are rage the sae size unecs otherwise dmensioned. Symbols cry apply batween abrupt ctanges in recon of wading Unless governed by ‘he wel al und symbol or otherwise dmensioned oo Fig3231 Locdion of Clements Pse/e4 1004 {AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS caae aS ROR B a awe Pas ta meee | LENGTH OF FILLET WELDS. rae A Bae vi) ig 3232. ale Welding Symbols ore] mei a ot a ww te REGULAR INTERMITTENT FILLET WELDS COMMENCING WITH AWELD W700 INCOMPLETE PENETRATION SINGLE BUTT WELD REGULAR NTERMTTENT FLLET 3,88 y TB -5400 7; be ‘WeLDs COMMENCING WITH AN UNWELDED Fg. 3233 Basle Dimensioning Princes ASC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS sy7ssor00 et s0-00 STAGGERED INTERMITTENT WELDING Dsciot—1904 32.4 SELECTION OF PREQUALIFIED WELDING CONSUMABLES TasLe3244 Sanne AS TET Stet ren Maia mettre AS 1553.1 (et. 25) ‘oe 35 aon Santi ive asa testeaton rade ine aoa wo, 300 Eero aor omar woe, nsx Bo Esti edanx : vee’ sce Botts 20015 Estas eano 5 ao, Waco 0 woe 10 Exar ean Sana soe Wax sous. wnosiud Exams 2 ‘owe wee outs 40018 ween 540% £410 a wo, aca TapLe3242 ‘STRENGTH OF WELD METAL Wold Metal Designation (MP9) EAT WAOX, 410 E48XX, WOK 400 at: fit ria i org he id et te 32.5 DESIGN OF BUTT WELDS - STRENGTH LIMIT STATE ‘COMPLETE PENETRATION BUTT WELD ~ AS 4100 Clause 97.27 requies that he design capac is taken as ful tote nominal capaciy of he waskar par of the pats ined muted byte caps facor (6) of 0.90 weld eatogoy SP 0.60 weld eatogory GP rove that he weld procodure is quali in accordance with AS 1558: ‘To specty tis ype of weld ona drawing, the orm “complete pensation but Woks or he sopropat symbol orn {AS11015 cuficert Tho design trot thickross i thon tho soo! tho wold whch i tho miu depth which ‘Heweld extends rom is faco int a jt — that ste hekness af the ture par. INCOMPLETE PENETRATION BUTT WELD ~ AS 4100 Clause 9.7.27 requires tha the design capacy shat be ‘ablated as fora lt weld using a sign oat tucknes determined using Cs 8.72.7) of AS 410, ‘The sizeof an incomplete penetration but wold i function of: (a) te required dosign throat tickrese (6) mo woking pooess (6) the deal of he wed preparation nd rather than spectyng the sizeof such a wold onthe drawings its usual © speci the requred design throat thekness. Ths ten allows the labicalor lo produce tha requved weld by selecting the most advantageous. {omtinaton of welding recess, wed preparation ard wei postion. The wisi procedure must be quale n ‘ems of AS 1584.1 bor fabrication commences, Dscne—1094 ‘AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS. 2s9.2.6 DESIGN OF FILLET WELDS ~ STRENGTH LIMIT STATE ‘AS 4100 Clause 973.10 specs that lt weld ubjocto a design fc per unitlength vz. (kNImm) shal say: ME Om whore: = capacity factor = 0, 80SP catagory let weld (0.60 GP eatgory et weld Ye = nominal capacty of flt weld pe unt langth (Nm) = 06 lete foe nominal tonsil strength of deposed wels metal (Goo Talo [Link]) vy Satstactory 3 {ISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS. scv04—1004 Flt Wolded Bracket Loaded n-Plane v 205 ow Using Secton 327 ‘and Table 327-1~ b ~ 275mm; 6 — 300mm vt cone ~ = 80.0 [=x oesonasion: Fw 0 Fh= i040 FI mio wee Mp= 0 es 178 = 280) ~4080 nm Fig. 3292 Weld Group Properties: Tee 2 x 275 + 300 - 650mm fstume Lae ~ bay = Lee = Le = 859. Nap = ba + by 90026275 +900) 275% 275 +2 x 300) 7% Six 275 +300) 18 x 10'mm? (also se0 Table 86) ‘ipo 1.@ x = 275 — 690 = +105 y= 2900/2 atpoinis [Link]: x= -80.0 {Global design actons per unit ena: My _ 64960 x 150 Te RE TO ~ 0447 apoints [Link] ~ +150 = 0447 at polos 45,5 7 ~ -150 FL Mix . 180 , -e4aon x 196 Ty le 880 Yar Te = -0707 apis 18 (ees) ~ $0054 at poins2,8,4,5 (not erteat Petutant ore pr unit ong pons 1.6 Vim = VEOAT + COTETF = 0888 KN ‘Flom Tae 1—SP weld category 8 mm EA@x lt wold 1, = OS78HN/IM > Vw Sebtctny Bsc /o4—1904 [AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS. 33.3 CONNECTION COMPONENTS 33.1 GENERAL Connection components (cleats, quetet pites, buckets) must have thelr strength assessed in order 10 determing the svengih of coanecton at a whole. AS 4100 Clause 919 species that connection Components shal have thelr capactes assessed Using ine provisions of Sectons 5 6,7 or 8 of AS 4100 as fspplcabie. AS 4100 Table species a capacity faxor of 090 fr connection components The design capacis of connection components are derived in Sections 282-35 below. 408s-section Xt) 2 shown in Fig. 83, wth or without ‘connection components ypicay of ectangul ‘ine trows odometer 3, ari 0 FA np Howes AT ep PreH 4i ine or oamerendh, ° 9.2 DESIGN SHEAR CAPACITY Sings the shear distribution in @ rectangular cross-section non-uniform, Clause 5.113 of AS 4100 Is ‘opleabe, Ths spect the nominal sear capac (V) as N* the design anal compression force 33.5 DESIGN CAPACITY IN AXIAL TENSION ste not filed and unfllad holes reduce gross area by more than Then, oh Clause 72 of AS 4100 spect he nominal section capacity as te lesser of- N= Asi and Ny = 085 kA where [Ay = the gross ar ofthe cross-section 1 = the yal strass use in design = the corection actor for datibutlon of forces determined in accordance with Clause 7.3 ‘Ay = the ne area othe cross-section, obtained by deducting from the gross aes the sectional area o ll Denetratons and hols, inewiing fastener Noles, The deducton for al fastener holes shal be made Im accordance with Clause 91.10 of AS 100. ‘ he tensile strength used in design, For components in connections unitorm orc distribution usually applies or which ky ~ 1.0 [Link] = dt and Ay = at = mat BO Ns ty5)4, and 508514 (6t ~ moht) oN = 0901,4.%, and $0765 (6 ~ nyt and 6, > Ns, te design axial ore in tension, Dscv04—1904 {AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS. 353.4 CONNECTED MEMBERS 2.41 GENERAL For the design of some connections, an assessment is required of the design capacty of the supported member in bending, shear, bearing, f(r particular the fexibe connections of Sectons 4.1 to 48), wil for ‘other connections itis uselu to know the design capacity in shea or bonding because the connection may be esigned fr a selected proporion of the member capaci (suchas fr the connections in Sections 47 to ‘410), Sections 342-344 are not Intended to be a summary ofthe design provisions st AS 4100 but are ‘ntonded o give 8 summary othe relevant design espace In bending and sheer of uncoped sections Section 342 single web coped sectons — Secon 249 ube web coped sections — Section 344 for use in Sections 431 46 in assessing connected member stongth locally ta connection, Since the concer is the member stength locally sta connection, only sation capaci is considered, not rmomber capaci For coped and uncoped sections the relevant design capacities are moment, shear (eld and bucking) and bearing Wild and bucking) The nominal eapactian ars covered in lauae $2 8.1, 2 and a 19 of AS 4100, 3.4.2 UNCOPED SECTIONS “Tne nominal seston mone caput (Me Clea we lets for bens a re nt ener rere ‘von cae wre y= ect secon ee connesaa a <2] techie (onnesze ste section modulus 5 = plaste section modulus 2, = etlecive section modulus fora compact section = [8:1.52hnw ‘cause 5.22 specie that ra section with at compression pate laments the section slendarnass() shall be taken as the value ofthe plate element slenderness (ky) forthe element ofthe cross-section which Ras the feast value of Ag = (Ge) ay = thi omen slander int oe Tale 2 of 84100) 1 = the clea wich of the element oustan from the face ofthe supporting plat element or the cle iat ofthe lament betwaen the taces of supporting pat laments 1 = the element thickness ‘The section pasty and yield slendermess limits (hx) and (hy) rspoctvly shal bo taken asthe value ofthe element slendomess mits (Ag) and (Aw) respectively given in Table 5.2 of AS A100 forth element ot the trote-seotion which has the grates value fay Festctng consideration t hot rolled sections only, which are the most common connected member types using connectons covered by Sectons 4316 46 doe = 9 foratange oustand = 82 fora web ay = 18 fora ange oustand 1184oca web In terms of Clause 5.26 of AS 4100, fo sections without ho the Range areas by not more than 100 [1 ~ [y/OBSK I Caleulatd using ether (@) (Ac/A,) mes te value forthe goss section in which Ais the sum of he net areas of the fanges andthe ‘97058 area of he web and Ay the gross area ofthe secon: (©) thenet setion or for sections with holes that reduce ether of aste and plastic section medul shall be 38 ‘ASC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS sc/04—1004 ‘The design section moment capacity (6M) is calculated trom tho nominal section moment capacity (M,) and copay factor (6 ~ 09). ‘Tye shear sress distribution of - and channel shaped sections can be assumed, intrms of Clauses 5.11.1 RG 5112 of AS #100, tobe approximately uniform Hence provided the maximum pane! depth o thickness rato (4) sates tt es t= thickness of flange ty = thickness of the web ‘ne nominal sear capecy ofthe web (\)is determined as 1, = Vey the nominal shear yold capacity ofthe web ob tA. ynere A = ose sectional area ofthe web Git (for wolded soctons) Gi for not rolled sectors) tthe above des inaqually i not sated then . ental “To design shear capacity ofa web (8) caleulated from the rominal shear capacity ofthe web (.) andthe capaci factor = 09). Tperoore or an uncoped secton. Mas = 09425 Mos = 0584 85 When cross-section is subject to both shear force and bending moment simuaneousy, AS 4100 Clause 5123 provides tat the nominal web shoarcapacty inthe presence of bending moment be ven by vee ‘Seema, ae vs 2M) for aM fos (8) ror mo a Ye = ness a stn Sore = ot ab 1a Seton cnn y= Mt oe the design capacity being given by fi, where & = 09. 343 SINGLE WEB COPED (SWC) SECTIONS ‘The formulae quoted in Section 8.42 agan apply for dotrmining the nominal section moment capacity, excopt that ora SWC section (which es te secon gp = 8,forafange outstand or web subject to eer uniform compression or maximum compression at unsupported edge, tension at supported edge ay © 16. for flange cutstand subject to uniform compression 25,tora web subject maximum compression at unsupported edge, tension at supported edge ‘A possible design approach isto assume tat local bucking fs posible Inthe stom ofthe te section due 0 ‘bending compression. However, coping is alocal fectin connections over a shor length with the usa! ul = ction on one aide and the connection en he oer. Accordingly, tis considered reasonable fo take te 'ee-secion a fective locally at the connection, 30 that, 2, = [8:15 Zuan Where the plastic moduls (8) and the easic modulus (,) of a single web coped section are given by formulae n Appendie Dscv04—1006 [AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS. aLENGTH OF rH SINGLE WED COPED SECTION. at SECTION AT WHicat PROPEETIE CALCLLATED Fig. 243 ‘A tee shaped section such asa single web coped section wil have a non-uniform shear sirees dstbuton. Using AS 4100 Clauses 5.11-rand 517, te nominal shear cxpacty(¥,) gen Oy 2. 09 + (re) VY. =the nominal shear capacity of @ web with @ uniform shear siess dstibulon determined In accordance with Clause 811.2 yw = apTastet 7 25% Fineivewchtt CH BSly and e+ WEL feetoes ens cacy Conran Vay id bere enV = Ve which ad Yao EEE ner ty = ite + 0M) a= ka woven 10901284) /mn) 1 = 091 4.0/4 0Nem) keke ne(en) = 2515 (0m9 NOTES ON DESIGN MODEL: {th cls assumed tobe 10 mm nominal. but 14 am is used fr design purposes inorder to provide for possible Uinder-un on the beam length. AS 4100, Cause 14.5 gles a maximum undr-un of & mm fr bess ‘ver 0m long, 12) Clauses 5134 and 633 of AS4100 define tho bearing bucking capacty of the web using the Compression member slendorness reduction factor (ac whichis defined in Clause 633 of AS 4100, ‘Values ofa, ar tabulated in Table 63.39) of AS 4700 for various values of ty and a, where > FEN aa a-a8 13s 400 cluee 184) (eis te design apc fa sngle bt insert stengh nt ste ber ge by oa [8% She vere = deson cpuly ola hl btn shear = 08) 2 = devon capac boning ota) 6 = 09 Ini omen, da = minima 4s OR a i 6d hero Vm. #¥ — glven in pendix A or threads included or excluded tom the shear pane — threads should normally be assumed included in the shear pane (8. a) (Vig — tla local bearing o plate tarout inthe angle seat component ‘minimum of{09 x 32. fy: % aa fal (Vtg — related local bearing o plate tarout iu inthe supporting member minimum of [0.9 x 82 0h eX aa fa 1 = thickness of the supporting member as = 800 Fig. 412 ‘See also Noto 1 of Section of 4.3 Flexible End Pate Connection (p 7) for bot instalation. (4) Wiics ae tilt welds and, for economy, should be sized to be single pass welds if possible — tis ‘genoraly means 6 mm or 8 mm llet size, although some welding procedures wil alow 10 mm single pass filet welds to be deposted. Check indivgual stustions using 10 mm filet welds with fabietors ‘Welds would normally be weld calegory SP(6 = 08) V'le. + 6/2)/1000 kNim connection ocolumn tage = Vi + te/21/1000. em _conneeton to column web (Column design moment, ME where: e, = design eccentricity of reaction of column face = byl2 + © > 100 mm minimum (AS 4100, Cause 43.4) 1d,» column depth (om) tee = column web thickness (rm) (© Wes b> Luthontaked, = — 6 Hes Bi2 ct + uthentakedy = 2 (tn 8) © Connection must be designed for @ minimum design shear fore of 40 KN. Dscv04—r996 {ASC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS. aANGLE SEAT 4.1.3. DESIGN EXAMPLE [SPECIAL NOTE: This example uses dimensions and components adopted Reference 1. IG ROPE 0 Bio cea Design Parameters: Design Capacity of Connection: ky = 09% 125 x 260 x 76/10? = 2229KN/mm = 09 260 180 (2 ve = 09280 21 6 am koe 120 +100 80mm ke= 25% 09 = 2725mm ke = 2200 2725 6 2 2228 x 80 = 9NE5KM Kaw Bx 2200 » 110 - ETLENP Wesresen4 Vag = Ve = Ve = S608 + VISSTESF ETE gy as by = MS — 725 ort ct by = 14 t= S14 mm n(e 120 + 100 » Z20mm) g 974 + 28 « 109 ~ 644mm = 25x 3812, 260 me = Tg be 120 * Vy = 09 x 255 » 7.6 x 260 x 0.941/10° = 155KN be = 2x (109 + 102 + 120 + 100) = 862 < 180mm ‘Design capacty Vag = min. of 149: 155] = 149 KN Baw = 844 + 9812/2 = 258 mm = 0341 (Tabla 63:1) of AS 4100) [EXCLUDING FASTENER DESIGN CAPACITY « [AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS 08¢/04—1096 ANGLE SEAT ‘abot 20 in 22a oles Use 4 x BBN/S bolting catagory in vertical ago angle seat (shop) 2 %88/S_ bolting category in herizoriat lg of angle seat 4188/8. Boling catagory in reavaining clot ForBBN/Scategory lp = 926KN M20 bot (Anpendix A Table A22) ‘earng of bolts on angle seat component min f[09 x 82 x 20 x 120 x 410/103; 09 % 59 x 120 X 410/10%] = (288: 25t}un = 261 KN Bearing of bolts on column ange min of[09 x 82 x 142 x 20 » 410/109; 09 58 x 142 x 410/109 ~ (895; 200m = 909 KN Vr = (926,264; 308} = 926KN Vg = 4 926 = STOKN Vins = (143, 370}yp = 143 > V¥ = 120KN = Satitactory ‘WELDED ANGLE SEAT ee = 45 97172 = 926 $Y = 070K SP wold catogory ‘mm filet 1. Appen 8) vy = FEO 0878 yyy Vou = (149; 178}q = 149KN > V4 = 120KN Satistactony ADDITIONAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ‘Column Design Moment, ME = 120(100 + 210/2)/1000 = 246 44m since = byl2 + 6 = 326mm < 100mm Use 100 mm minimumot AS #100. & = 210mm tor 20000595 Dsc/04—s904 ‘AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS. «BEARING PAD BEARING PAD CONNECTION | 424 CONNECTION DETALS opnona. Punter mesmo FRE te ee Oe Ae Bree mai) fone —. Fig. 4.21.1. Altrnative’s’ [Toy aad ef oH (Lang = O-hnm Hsieseser ie ReguRED vo wo * Peer, 40H j Be cc Wo PuaTE [ tp: 0-howen Suir, 60 ‘eo RECUIRED dy Ve 4213 Alternative'C" eS ‘AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS. sc /04—1094 Dscios—te04 [AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS st| DETAIUNG NOTES: | (1) The cannection may need to be shimmed to suit during erection, The connection deta! consequently includes provi for shims of 0-4 mm saminelthcxnes (mm being the maximum permssble under. ‘unin 2eam length permite by Clause 1445 of AS 4100 Shims wil aed tobe holo the same gauge ‘tho ond pte ‘The recommended ¢esign model in Section 422 assumes an under-run in beam length equal te the ‘maximum permisibie value of 4mm. Dealing for larger undr-run requires 2 modiicaton tothe ‘recommended design mocel ‘Component lengths are determined by design considerations. A minimum component length of 50 mm is recommended fr bath endplate and bearing pad components, (9). Sawn or machine fame cu edges are ceconmended a he bearing intertace, (4) Genera, the same component dimensions ate used for bth end pate and bearing pad 8 | 4.2.2 RECOMMENDED DESIGN MODEL Fig. 42.2 Connection Geometry ‘This conection is classed ab a connection for simple constuction In accordance with Clause 42 of As 400, Defining: 6 = Bit) ~ Sa tay = Beam web thickness by = 1 ye eam web yield stress fe = Ute fy = end plata yild stress fy 4, = vertical weld length on bearing pad = besrng pad component bg = horizontal weld length on bering pad < an = vortcal wed length on end plate = dy te ve = nominal capacty of filet wold per unit length of weld (Section 22.6) (v= design capacty o het wela por unt length of weld (Append B) th = log sizeof fet welds Design is based on determining Van which involves determination ofthe minimum design capacity ofthe design capaci Vy Ve VeVa Vr). ‘Ther, aw.» V" design shea fore on connection also see Note). bearing pas yield sess oath | Denon Capri ofthe Connection: Deion Sheu Capac of Beam Vk = 6 (8 te = 09 as-si00 cause 8114) | ‘Web at End Plate era ° ‘ » Design Beating Capacty at Ye= 6012546466) =09 Asdioocause S139 aso (1.25 5b . o 7 OelgnCapaciy of En Plate Ve= 909 $09 asaioociauses2) Cameron Design Cancty Searng Pad Vy= ¢1K5 40544¢ Bln 4 = 08 (AS-4100 Ges 921 Camron Shear 2 Secon 83) ‘AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS 2sc/04—198¢ BEARING PAD ly ot Wala oe esa Ven Gdn hove (eacion 26) yn Capac of Wed at en oes Vin @d+ Dow (eacon 826) NOTES ON DESIGN MODEL: (§) hand dare both recommended tobe a minimum o 180 mm, (he deo capct of ery tanerrn wl acess tram arg) hasbeen ned nV tase Pesernteechibentee Baar be I) Eenretety of am end preston on beatng pad has nt bean conse In dein. Tie Sent ves tom fe-tpt] wee caten a (oe Seton 52 etm wry 4-4 Gnd 4m 0) Voe2 x M20 boa n 48/80 88/8 calgeryteughend ple and pacer. {olin dean meer) gon by te ond econ oe coumn ace) he designer mst heat 00 mang A st set = V*Q00 + 4/2/1000 "Am, camecin to colmn ange C00 + 2/1000 Aten mec woo fered = clu deh e— ena we ete (©. For auratve chock tbo atone eto high as cash beam odo ch th tnrng pol vite raster steph cunance wi neve nensd soe a hands Penna Seca ne Me () win are Me wa adr economy, shoul be sized tb sgl puss wos ponies vain mora © nm oe iam Hoes wave wing pondes Wt aon am age se nls tb pelea Cc ava stare voy omen el wets aioe (is wou mre et anal 5 (© comecion mun be aired for amino desig shear fc of 401 (0) En plate deat (4) must be such ha! > 030 nerder fo ensure tat bucking ote supped tambo’ b's whi sc /04—1996 ‘AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS ss] J BEARING PAD 42.3, DESIGN EXAMPLE cxen| | TE eacen ane sx i 2] co Beare 400997 a eee ae LY PR voters soo cress 7 eee ‘mm, E¢BKK let weds, dy = 0978 KN/mm (Table B.1, Appendix 8 SP weld category EAAXX alactrode) 2 x M0 bats in 88/8 catogory though end pate = 20-4 = 16mm by = 150mm tue = 78 mm te = 109mm <7 250MPa ty = 250Pa fe = 2500S = 200mm dy = 409-2 x 109-= 381 mm = 160mm 4 = 20mm by wo on ~ 180 ~ 109 = 169mm Design Capacity of Connection Vp = 09 x 08 x 260x109 x 76/108 = 180K Vy = 08 < 125 x 250 x 16 x 150/10 = 67540, Ve = 09 250 % 150 x 20/10" = o7SkN Ve = 089 X 250 x 150 x 20/108 = G7SKN- contol or 09 x 05 x 250 x 200 x 180/102 ~ SA7SKN Ye = 0978 x (2 x 169 4 160 - 78) = a70KN Yi = 0978 x 2 x 200 = 901 kN = 180mm > 030 « 403 = 121 mm Hence, Vn = [180 675; 675; 675; 470; 391] = 180 KN > V* = 180 KN ‘Connection is satstactory o carry design reaction. ‘Adional Design Considerations Column design moment 4, = 210mm for 200005850, = 4 + 1/2 = 4 + 10 ~ 14 mm — Use 100 mm min (08 Note 5) Mz = 100 < (10/2 + 100) 10°? = 369 K4Im {AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS. scv04—1004 4.3. FLEXIBLE END PLATE CONNECTION FLEXIBLE END PLATE ‘4a.1_ CONNECTION DETAILS, ti com uno, = + Cr Peer be (ir cores), PEE . Fig, [Link] Alloratve A" UUncoped and Single Web Coped Beams. {End plate located towards top of beam). Fig. 4.3.12 Atornative Uncoped and Single Web Coped Beams (Gnd plate located towards bottom of beam). ti, Fig. 43.1.2 Double Web Coped Beame (attrnatves of Alternative A” Shown). DETAILING NoTES: (1 Fabio apn ot anecon guile contl inca eb {renin auco-suar ond me whch rman recon ant aia ep ‘Somes n der eaepenete "mi an (2) The ss of his conecon for wo des bear beam conmectons shout be consiered carly. talon of ina and pie ear cause scutes ns on When omega! eg ben ewes pac copng oe Eotom tane ofthe str beam maybe requ proven fouling he bl (Since ne end lt send to behave Rex, damage of to ond plas during tanspert is rt normaly of cncern ‘tninay be recited ote (Fer copd beams, th fo ofthe pat andthe botom of he cope out shoud eins (5) Cuvatre ofthe en pit uo waling can sus be pul aut wen instar he bt (Chock ana plate component wah to sneue tt wi bebe Hat of column secton when connecting Yo samrenairte ins mayo required on roe scyo4—s994 ‘ASC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS. 5FLEXIBLE END PLATE 4.3.2 RECOMMENDED DESIGN MODEL & efecomay Fig. 4321 Comection Geometry ‘Thi conection is classed 48100, Defining: {4 = tensile strength of end pate component ‘ug = tensile strength of supporting member ‘connection for simple consruction in accordance with Clause 42 of 14 = veld toss of endplate component 1 = bottpiten ‘he yield stress of supported mamberweb ae = 8 ~ dy/2 dh = hole cameter y= [aan <= bolt ameter = length of cope cay ve ~ nominal capacity of let wed pr unitlength of wed (Section 2.6) ‘610 = design capacty of flat weld per uni length of weld (Appendix ®) eg Sze of tot weide Design is based on determining Vax the design capacy ofthe connection, which isthe minimum of the design capactles (Vs, Ve Vo Va Ve Wh. ‘The design requirements then Vie 3 V* (actual design shear force—see also Not (9), Design Capecies ofthe Connection: Design Capacity of Weld to Web Vv, = gus2d (ote?) Design Capacity of Bots in End Vz = ny (8a) where: m5 — 2p Pate Gesign capacity of single bot in shear —ebe Note 1 Design Capaciy of End Pate Vz = (0S 24) where: 4 = 09 (Section 3.32) ‘Component in Spear Design Capacity of Beam Web in Shear at End Plate Design Capacity of oped Vy = Vw. for single web coped beam (Section 243) Secon in Shear near = Vor double web coped beam (Secton 34.4) Connection Design Capscty in Coped Section in Bending near Connection Note 3) 8008 ye) wher: 6 = 09 (A 4100, clause 511.4) ‘Maley, for single web coped beam (Section 843), 00 Note 3 ‘3N/e, Tor double wed coped beam (Section 8.44) see Note 9 where: 6, le +t |AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS Dscv04—1994 FLEXIBLE END PLATE [ON DESIGN MODEL: fo) #8 desi capac of singe Bl in shear for he rng in tte Boing gon be a= 16M Male wnere $V; design eapacty of asinglebon'shear(6 = 0.8) £8N5 = design capaci in bearing of apy (# = 09) Inthis connection, gy = minimum of [6m oF Vi 6: Mie whore #Vsi 6Vu— given in Appendix A for theeade included or excluded fom the shear plan fhveads should normaly be assumed included inthe shear plane (2. Vn) minimum of 08 82 tt 08 % aay tf related 1 local bearing or end Plat tart in he end plate componont (Vue = minimum of [09 > 32.4 te: 0 > a ch oad ofcal bearing or pale tearout flue inthe supporting membor 'e = thickness of supporting member to which endplates bolted For economy, ether 4.8/ or 88/8 bong category is prefered. 88/78 category is uneconomic since it haste sare design eapesty a8 8.0/5 and requires tensioning, 8/TF category is uneconomic ands not focommended for oer reasons (Section 53) 12) Welds are tilt walds and, for economy, should be sized to be single pass welds if possible — this generally means 6 mm or 8 mm filet size, aough some welding procedures wil alow 10mm single pats let welds tobe deposited. Check individual suabone lng 0 mm lit wold wih fabricators, {G1 For single and double web coped beams, the design bending moment atthe cape location txce0d the design moment capaciy ofthe coped section, assuming the end rescion acts at hy the pata ecoontcty of. + (Fig 43:22) Formulae for the design roment capacity of coped sections (My oF Mx) are given in Sections 243 oF 844, a8 appropiate. a Ty 4 4 ale f i ma et tf fi ra ors Cae cage Faas (9) Incrdero give sastacory connection “appearance tis recommended thatthe component length (4) vary tom & maximum equal epproximately to the cle depth between fanges (3) ofthe supported member toa minimum of epproximatly hal the beam depth (©) Inorder that supported member does not rotate so much thats touches the supporting member, he ratio. {> 0m or <8 shoud be ened ahah etn bevarod 4229) ‘Check that beam rotation under design loads doesnot exceed 0.030 radians. Above this level of rotation, ‘cropping ofthe Beam lower ange may need tobe Investigated (hs canbe expenalve in fabrication cost) ‘or alternatively, nreasing te length ofthe end plato hus electvly reducing the lit of a 10 say 20, (0125 as necestary). Ths at Ika to be of concern for double web coped beams. ‘The mt a,/t «83's not applied to double web coped beams. ‘Adlacussion af the above provisions is contained in Section 53. For SWC and ONC supparted members, he edge ofthe end pate should algn with the cope cut st he top and bottom Dscvo4—r096 {AYSC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS. srFLEXIBLE END PLATE (©) Edge distance au should be atleast 5c. (Fig. 43.21) (7) Column design moment M's given by. — ME = V"(100 + & mm (whch fs unk). Clause 282.8 of AS &700 requires tnt the ‘nominal shear capac ofthe bolt (Vj be reduced by 18%, The thickness ofthe packing mist not exceed ‘20mm (see Secton 3934, (8) Connection must be designed fora minimum design shear force of 40 KN (20) The rato ofthe bot gauge (6) othe end pate thickness should iin the range 11-14 — s00 Section 53 432 DESIGN EXAMPLE SPECIAL NOTE This example uses aimensions ana component adopled n Heterence 1. vam | = rent ~ f \ Use 6 MEO bots 8aN/S calgon = 3. = 8) ea esi Paes a mm EK Hor wos SP weteatgoy, f= O9TOHN/nn Tabi Arp aon ax 70 = 20m = 150 pureed Strom fs eoMre Scan = 70mm 8S stn g 70-2072 = Sm 3 5 Dba = 350m SU801 snporingmenberwets ta = 106mm y= 200MPa = 0A Bots — M20 ols n 88N/S category $n = 926KN (Table A22, Appendix A) My = 09% 32% 20% 8» 410/10" = 180KN —(aleo see Table 22), or 00 85 x 8x AION = TOBKN (aloo see Table A22) Vue = 08 » 32 x 20 x 108 x 410/108 = 250KN or 09% 59 x 108 x 410/108 = Z01KN Hence, a= 2618 108 250: 25ton ss [AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS Dsc/o+—s904 FLEXIBLE END PLATE ‘Dison Capacty of Connection Ma = 0978 x 2 x 210 anne Wy 6x 9026 556 KN Va ~ 09 x 05 x 260 x 8 x 2x 210/108 = 209 kN Ve= 09 x 08 x 260 » 78 X 210/10). = 224 kN iow kom Section 3.43 or a single we coped (SWC) supported member: Va = Oye = O12 deh 6 09 x 08 tw dete 09 + % y= 403 ~ 65-109 827 mm ty = 78mm by = 260MPR b= 178mm |= 109mm 538 x 108 mnt 325mm ‘on substtuton into the expressions given in Appendix 216 x 10° mm? ody _ 216 x10 827 _ 515 888 x10" 09 x 12 x 260 x 997 x 78 0x05 + 31) = SISHN < 09 x 00 200 % 927 ™ 7/10 — 24040, ‘so om Sscton 24 and Appendix D:— Vi= Maley = 091,24/, where @ = 120 + 8 = 128mm Ye= 438mm on substuton into the expression given in Appensix D Fence plastic neal anavsin member web vee > + 2. = 18: 15Zhen 5 = 362 x 10mm? SZ = 15 x 536 x 108/827 + 109 ~ 995) = 998 x 10mm? 2, [862 x 10%: 398 < 10am = 398 x 10° mm Ma = 09 % 260 x 39 5¢ 109/108 = 701 Km Ww 793 x 1097128, 618 kN ‘ithe cope, the cross-section is subject to combined shear force and bending moment From Section 34:3 Me = 200 = 128/10 = 256 KNm << O75(¢Ma) = O75 X 781 = 599m Hence Vn = Vs = Ver above (no reduction in shear capaciy due o pretence of bending moment Hence, Van = (4; 556; 903; 224,316; 616m = 226KN > VE = 200 KN Connections therfore satistactry to arty the design reaction ‘Adttonal Design Considerations (0) Checking component lanath: = 210 > beam dept/2 (@) Checke ap = 408 ~ 100 = 140 ~ 85 = 128mm 128 woe = 201 mm = 180 0.<% <9 Sattar as rotton » 0090 radians With the botiom clearance avaiable (rom aa/t = 16) the rotation could go up to 1/160 = 00625 radians without he botom ange euchin the suppor. © a= (150 - 90/2 = 90= 154, Satistactory sc/04—1004 ‘AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS. *ANGLE CLEAT 4.4 ANGLE CLEAT CONNECTION 14) CONNECTION DETAILS. [LAN Fig. 44:1.2 Aterative 8 Fig. 44.1.2 Atlernatve Dubie ine of bot to beam web tin of lta to beam web 3 double angle cleats, Beam-tc-beam connections ‘Uncoped, Single and Double Web Coped Beams _Uncoped Beams, DDETAIUNG NoTES: (1) Bot hole are nonmally 2 mm tage than the aominel bolt lamer. n the supported member web ana in {he log connected to this dlamater of hale wil eccommodate vations n supported meme depth due 1 tanderd fllng tolerances and provide sraclontlsrances eter the supporiad members ext ergih, (2 The us otis connection for two sided bear-to-beam connectens shouldbe careluly considered as the insialation ofthe bots nthe outstanding gs ofthe angie ests can cause cfieutisin tis case. When Unequal sizod beams aro sed, special coping ot the bolton Tango ofthe sale beam may be required to Broventtfouling the bot. (© Angle lenis dimensions snd dealing must be checked to ensure that they wil fit betwoon ‘he supporting mamber fiers of ro [AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS. scvos—106 Dsc/oe—1994 {AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS| ANGLE CLEAT 442 RECOMMENDED DESIGN MODEL. Double Angle Cleat ‘besign Capacity of Bolts ingeupe— omected to support ‘where — 3 he +Ll® aL Design Capacity of Bots ingroup B— connected ko ‘member web FOR ALTERNATIVES, & Nand’ (Gagleline of bats Uncoped Beam pire rei where ptr, FOR ALTERNATIVE (@ovble line of bats to Supported member) wher “This connections classed asa connacon for imple consrutonin sczordance wih Clause 4.2 AS 4100, ‘ogi componats ae assumado be rented such hat: {0 ene99 ote angle cea component og 1 actos toe supperng member Hou Bx OOH a, (i te ote tg of te ange cea component (og) attached to the beam web trough bok group Dofcing: tw = yield sess supported member wb ly = ill tess of angle deat component = teralestrength of suppotes TE = toalesvengh of angle deat component * "member web 1. © tokness ofangle deat component fe = tllness of eupponted member web = atten {Sf yates otspporegmenber = btn = lersiestengiholsuppertngmenber Gh = hole ameter CS tekoeasoftupporing member Bo Bm prereerr) 1 = behaeot cove et anny Desig s based on doing aa the design capac ofthe connection, which she minum ofthe design apactes Ve Vo Vo Ves VeVi Ve “The design roerentis het Vin 2 V" (actual design shoar force — als se Not (7) VuVeVoVa — mustbe assessed 0090 ty a, <8 (Fa 4429) which owing to normal dealing In angle cleat connections ‘Soncaes or double wed coped beams. Invariably esally satsted. This Is not of Stay 4 Bee _ = 9 Fig. 44.23 ‘A chock must be made to ensure that beam rolaton under design loads does not exceed 0.090 radians. ‘Above this level of rotate, the possiblity ofthe suppoted member touching the support ext I the rotation de > 0.000 radian, rat check tat Fig. 4422) I this inoqualty fs nt satistie, the simpest solution sto increase (ty) ~ ay) in Fig. 44.29 by adjusting ‘te gauge or he edge cstance This check isnot ikaly tbe of concern forthe double web coped beams (@) Ege distance ayn thea lego the angle clas shoud be at last 1.54, (6) Column design moment (M2) i given by— Mz = "(e+ 4/2/1000 kN —connectiono column flange = V" (oy + te/21/1000 kN connection to column webs where: © = 95 but > 100mm (AS 4100 Clause 434) = cdtumn dept mm) 1 = column web thickness (nm). (© Where packers are inserted between the «leg and the suppor when shimming to length and where such [ackars havea hcknosa >6 mm (whichis unk), Cis 9.325 of AS 4700 requies thatthe nominal ‘Shear capacty ofthe bal (v) be reduced by 15% The thickness of te packing MUS! Rot exceed 20 am (soe Section 8134, (7) The connscton must be designed fora minimum design shea force of 0 KN. (@ The rato ofthe supporting member gauge (25,5 + te) tothe angle clet thickness (t) should le In the ange 11-14, ‘AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS. sc /04—1004 ANGLE CLEAT 1433 DESIGN EXAMPLES. [SPECIAL NOTE: These examples use dimensions and components adopted in Reference 1 Te den / te 4% Ma bots in 88N/S category in clog in 22 oles ¢, = 20mm gy = 22mm Angecleas = 280mm HOMPa ty ~ 260 MPa ay, = 65mm = 70mm a = 35 mm 2a = 35 mm ae > 154 = 50mm A10UB557, ye = Emm a= SIOMPAy = 260MPa d= 409mm Sy = 6mm ay = 38mm ky = 5mm 24g noteoevant (singe line) Au notrelevantas uncoped =, = 0 4g not relevant urcoped) 200ucses ty — 280 MPa s te = #10 MPs Bots 'Ma® bots 88/ category threads included in shear pane Ve = 926KN ablenza) Design Capscity of Connection BotGroupa Ve = minimumot- 92644. Design Capacity 09% 82 x60 x20 x 410/10 = 142kN 09% 32 «142 « 20 > 410/10° = 335KN = 9264 ay = (58:95) = 85 mm ae = 59mm Vea = 09 x 95 x 60 x 410/10" T18kN Noe = 09 « 89 x 142 x 410/107 00 KN Van 2 4 » (926;775; 200]n0 620 kN Bot Groups Vy minimumot- 92644. Design Capacity 09% 32 x 60x 20x 410/109 = 142kN 09 x 82 « 76% 20 > 410/f2 X 109 = 807 EN = 807 kN ay * (58:95lin™ 85 MM ayy = SOM Aye = 35 MIM dee = 35 mM Vey = minimum of- 09 X 59% 78 % 410/@ x 109) = 827 KN 09% 35x60 x s10/10 = 775KN Ven = minimum of 09» 35. 7.8 v 410/02 x 10%) = 40.1 IN 09% 55% 60» s10/07 = 775KN = 4908 sc /04—1096 [AISC: DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS or