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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

Assignment - 04
Zeeman Effect

Q1. In a spectrum of light from a sun spot, an atomic transition line with the wavelength
350nm is observed to be split into three components. The adjacent components are
separated by 1.7 pm . Determine the strength of the magnetic field in the sun spot.

 use  B  9.17 1024 JT-1 

Q2. Calculate the energy spacing between the components of the ground state energy level of
hydrogen when split by a magnetic field of 1.0 T . What frequency of electromagnetic
radiation could cause a transition between these levels? What is the specific name given
to this effect?

Q3. Consider the transition 2 P1/ 2  2 S1/ 2 , for sodium in the magnetic field of 1.0 T , given

that the energy splitting E  g  B Bm j , where  B is the Bohr magneton. Draw the sketch

of the energy levels.

Q4. For the 2 P3/ 2  2 S1/ 2 transition of an alkali atom, sketch the splitting of the energy levels
and the resulting Zeeman spectrum for atoms in a weak external magnetic field (Express
your results in terms of the frequency v0 of the transition, in the absence of an applied

magnetic field)

Q5. A heated gas of neutral lithium ( Z  3) atoms is in a magnetic field. Which of the
following states lie lowest? Give brief physical reasons for your answer.
(a) 3 2P1/ 2 and 2 2 S1/ 2 .

(b) 5 2 S1/ 2 and 5 2 P1/ 2 .

(c) 5 2 P3 / 2 and 5 2 P1/ 2 .

(d) Substates of 5 2 P3 / 2 .

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Q6. A particular spectrum line corresponding to a J  1  J  0 transition is split in a

magnetic field of 1000 Gauss into three components separated by 0.0016 A . The zero-
0
field line occurs at 1849 A .
(a) Determine whether the total spin is in the J  1 state by studying the g - factor in the
state.
(b) What is the magnetic moment in the excited state?

Q7. Compare the weak-field Zeeman effect for the (1s3s ) 1S0  (1s 2 p ) 1P1 and

(1s3s ) 3S1  (1s 2 p ) 3P1 transitions in helium. You may be qualitative so long as the

important features are evident.

Q8. The influence of a magnetic field on the spectral structure of the prominent yellow light
0
(in the vicinity of 6000 A ) from the excited sodium vapor is being examined (Zeeman
effect). The spectrum is observed for the light emitted in a direction either along or
perpendicular to the magnetic field.
(a) Describe:
(i) The spectrum before the field is applied.
(ii) The change in the spectrum, for both directions of observation, after the field is
applied.
(iii) What states of polarization would you expect for the components of the spectrum in
each case?
(b) Explain how the above observations can be interpreted in terms of the characteristics
of the atomic quantum states involved.
(c) If you have available a spectroscope with a resolution ( /  ) of 100000 what
magnetic field would be required to resolve clearly the ‘splitting’ of line by the magnetic
field? (Numerical estimates to a factor of two or so are sufficient. You may neglect the
line broadening in the source.)

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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

Q9. A sample of a certain element is placed in a 0.3T magnetic field and excited. How far
apart are the Zeeman component of the 450 nm spectral line of this element?

Q10. The spin-orbit effect splits the 3P  3S transition in sodium (which gives rise to the
yellow light of sodium-vapor lamps) into two lines, 589.0 nm corresponding to
3P3/ 2  3S1/ 2 and 589.6 nm corresponding to 3P1/ 2  3S1/ 2 . Use these wavelengths to

calculate the effective magnetic field experienced by the outer electron in the sodium
atom as a result of its orbital motion.

Q11. A beam of electrons enters a uniform 1.2 T magnetic field.

Q12. Find the total number of Zeeman component for the following fine transitions.
(i) 2 P3/ 2  2 S1/ 2 (ii) 2 D3/ 2  2P3/ 2 (iii) 2 D5 / 2  2P3/ 2

(iv) 2 F7 / 2  2D5/ 2 (v) 2 F5 / 2  2D5 / 2 (vi) 3 D2  3P2

(vii) 3D2  3P2 (viii) 1 F3  1D2 (ix) 2 F  2D

(x) 3 F  3D

Q13. Find the ratio of intensities of D1 and D2 lines of sodium at a high temperature.

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Revised Edition 2019 3
 fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

H.No. 40-D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
Website: www.physicsbyfiziks.com | Email: [email protected]
Revised Edition 2019 4