PREPARED DATE

PROJECT DOC. NO.

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TITLE DESIGN OF T & RECTANGULAR BEAMS REVISION
Design of Beams
Grade of concrete M 25 pt,limit = 1.194% F1 - Modification Factor for Tension Reinforcement F2 - Modification Factor for Compression Reinforcement

Clear Cover (cc) 32 mm pt,min = 0.205% tc,max = 3.1 N/mm2

Grade of Steel Fe 415 pt & pc,max = 4.000%
Design Forces % of Steel % of Steel Check for Shear Check for Deflection
Dia Eff. Tension Reinforcement Compression
Size of beam Mu/bd2
S. Type of Moment Shear of cc d' depth Mu,lim Type of Requried
Details Reinforcement Details
Provided tv tc Stirrups Leff/d
Beam Section bar
No Beam Section check
Mu Vu Leff bw D bf Df d Pt Pc Type1 Type2 Type3 Type1 Type2 Type3 Pt Pc N/ N/ dia Spacing Factors Allow
N/mm2 Leg Actual
kN m kN mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm kN m % % No dia No dia No dia No dia No dia No dia % % mm2 mm2 mm mm F1 F2 F3 able

Span 800.00 200.00 1200 100 16 32 40.0 710.0 #VALUE! #VALUE! 3.527 ### ### 6 25 2 12 0 16 2 12 0 12 0 16 0.992 0.071 0.63 0.64 OK 8 2 200 c/c ### 1.01 0.80 ### 14.08

1 B1 Simply Support 900.00 215.00 10000 450 750 450 100 16 32 40.0 710.0 782.62 Doubly 3.967 1.346 0.160 6 25 4 20 0 16 3 16 0 12 0 16 1.315 0.189 0.67 0.71 OK 8 2 200 c/c #VALUE!

Support 750.00 230.00 450 100 16 32 40.0 710.0 782.62 Singly 3.306 1.127 0.000 6 25 2 16 0 16 2 12 0 12 0 16 1.048 0.071 0.72 0.65 OK 8 2 300 c/c #VALUE!
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CL. NO. T - BEAM DESIGN CALCULATIONS REFERENCES

1.0 Example 1 :
Design the T-Beam for the following parameters :
bf = 1200 mm Df = 100 mm
bw = 200 mm d = 300 mm
fck = 20 N/mm2 fy = 250 N/mm2
Mu = 200 kNm

Df/d = 100/300 = 0.33

3xumax/7d < Df/d < xumax/d

0.2277 0.5313

Mulim = 0.3616 fck bw xumax (d - 0.416xumax) + 0.4467 fck (bf - bw) yf (d - yf /2 )

xumax = 0.5313 d = 0.5313 x 300 = 159.39 mm
yf = 0.15 xumax + 0.65 Df = 88.9085 mm
Mulim = 256.8583 kNm

Mu < Mulim Hence designed as singly reinforced section.

Location of N.A

When xu = Df , Moment of Resistance Mu1 = 0.3616 fck bf Df (d -0.416 Df)

Mu1 = 224.2498 kNm
Mu < Mu1, N.A lies within the flange .( xu < Df )
Hence designed as a rectangular beam of width b =bf

Method - 1 :
Area of tension reinforcement ( Ast )

Ast =
0 .5×f ck
fy [ √
1− 1−
4 . 6×M u
f ck ×b f ×d
2
b f ×d
] = 3489.455 mm2

Method - 2 :
Depth of N.A (xu) Mu = 0.3616 fck bf xu (d - 0.416xu)

xu

Ast
=
1 .202 d 1− 1−
[ √
= 0.3616 x fck x bf x xu x 1.15
4.6 Mu
f ck bf d 2 ] =

=
87.33 mm

3488.26 mm2
< Df

fy

2.0 Example 2 :
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CL. NO. T - BEAM DESIGN CALCULATIONS REFERENCES

Design the T-Beam for the following parameters
bf = 1200 mm Df = 100 mm
bw = 200 mm d = 200 mm
fck = 20 N/mm 2
fy = 500 N/mm2
Mu = 135 kNm d' = 30 mm

Df/d = 100/200 = 0.5 > xumax/d (0.456)

Mulim = 0.3616 fck bf xumax (d - 0.416xumax) xumax = 0.456 d

= 128.266 kNm = 91.2mm

Mu > Mulim Hence designed as doubly reinforced section.

Depth & location of N.A :

xu = xumax = 91.2 mm < Df N.A lies within the flange.

Area of tension reinforcement ( Ast )

Ast = 0.3616 x fck x bf x xumax x 1.15 + (Mu - Mulim) x 1.15
fy fy (d-d')
= 1911.48 mm2

Area of compression reinforcement ( Asc )

Asc = Mu - Mulim esc = 0.0035 ( 1 - d'/xumax )
(fsc-fcc)(d-d') = 0.0035 ( 1 - 30/91.2 )
= 0.00235
= 102.56 mm 2
fsc = 395.13 N/mm2
fcc = 8.92 N/mm2

3.0 Example 3 :
Design the T-Beam for the following parameters
bf = 1200 mm Df = 100 mm
bw = 200 mm d = 300 mm
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fck = 25 N/mm2 fy = 415 N/mm2
Mu = 310 kNm

Df/d = 100/300 = 0.33

3xumax/7d (0.2053) < Df/d < xumax/d (0.4791)
Mulim = 0.3616 fck bw xumax (d - 0.416xumax) + 0.4467 fck (bf - bw) yf (d - yf /2 )
xumax = 0.4791 d = 0.4719 x 300 = 143.73 mm
yf = 0.15 xumax + 0.65 Df = 86.5595 mm
Mulim = 310.5809 kNm

Mu < Mulim Hence designed as singly reinforced section.

Location of N.A
When xu = Df , Moment of Resistance Mu1 = 0.3616 fck bf Df (d -0.416 Df)
Mu1 = 280.3123 kNm
Mu > Mu1, N.A lies outside the flange . xu > Df
When xu = 7Df / 3 ,
Moment of Resistance Mu2 = 0.3616 fck bf (7Df/3) d-0.416 (7Df/3)
Mu2 = 364.798 kNm > 310 kNm
Mu < Mu2 Non Uniform stress block in flange. xu < 7Df/3
( Rectangular cum parabolic stress block )
Depth of N.A ( Xu)
Mu = 0.3616 x fck x bw x xu x (d-0.416xu) + 0.4467 x fck x (bf - bw) x yf x (d - yf / 2)
a = 0.416 + 0.0225 k k = (21/34) * ((bf/bw) -1) = 3.088
b = - (1+ 0.3 k - 0.195 (Df/d) )
c = M_k + 0.4225 k (Df/d)2 - 1.3 k (Df/d)
M_k = Mu = 1.905
0.3616 x fck x bw x d2
xu/d = −b−√ b2 −4 ac = 0.476319
2a
xu = 142.8956 mm < 143.73 mm (xumax)
yf = 0.15 xu + 0.65 Df = 86.434 mm < Df Hence O.K

Area of tension reinforcement ( Ast )

Ast = ( 0.3616 fck bw xu + 0.4467 fck (bf - bw) yf ) 1.15
fy
= 3390.729 mm 2

4.0 Example 4 :
Design the T-Beam for the following parameters
bf = 1200 mm Df = 100 mm
bw = 200 mm d = 300 mm
fck = 20 N/mm 2
fy = 250 N/mm2
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Mu = 258 kNm d' = 50 mm

Df/d = 100/300 = 0.33

3xumax/7d < Df/d < xumax/d

0.2277 0.5313

Limiting Moment of Resistance : ( Mulim )

Mulim = 0.3616 fck bw xumax (d - 0.416xumax) + 0.4467 fck (bf - bw) yf (d - yf/2)
xumax = 0.5313 d = 0.5313 x 200 = 159.39 mm
yf = 0.15 xumax + 0.65 Df = 88.9085 mm
= 253.8583 kNm
Mu > Mulim Hence designed as doubly reinforced section.

Depth of N.A location

xu = xumax = 159.39 mm >D f N.A lies outside the flange. ( xu,max < 7Df/3 )

Area of tension reinforcement ( Ast )

Ast = ( 0.3616 fck bw xu,max + 0.4467 fck (bf - bw) yf ) 1.15

fy
= 4735.32 mm2

Area of compression reinforcement ( Asc )

Asc = Mu - Mulim esc = 0.0035 ( 1 - d' /xumax )

(fsc-fcc)(d-d') = 0.0035 ( 1 - 50/159.39 )
= 0.0024
= 21.906 mm 2
fsc = 217.39 N/mm2
fcc = 8.92 N/mm2

5.0 Example 5 :
Design the T-Beam for the following parameters
bf = 1200 mm Df = 90 mm
bw = 200 mm d = 450 mm
fck = 30 N/mm 2
fy = 415 N/mm2
Mu = 654.5 kNm
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Df/d = 90/450 = 0.2 < 3xumax / 7d (0.2053 )

Limiting Moment of Resistance : ( Mulim )

Mulim = 0.3616 fck bw xumax (d - 0.416xumax) + 0.4467 fck (bf - bw) Df (d - Df/2)
xumax = 0.4791 d = 0.4719 x 450 = 215.6 mm
Mulim = 657 kNm

Mu < Mulim Hence designed as singly reinforced section.

Location of N.A

When xu = Df , Moment of Resistance Mu1 = 0.3616 fck bf Df (d -0.416 Df)

Mu1 = 483.35 kNm
Mu > Mu1, N.A lies outside the flange . xu > Df

When xu = 7Df/3 ,
Moment of Resistance Mu2 = 0.3616 fckbw (7Df/3) x (d - 0.416 (7Df/3) )
+ 0.4467 x fck x (bf - bw) x Df x (d - Df/2)
= 653.69 kNm > 654.5 kNm ( Mu)
Mu > Mu2 Uniform stress block in the flange. xu > 7Df/3

Area of tension reinforcement ( Ast )

Method - 1:

Ast =
0 .5 f ck
fy [√ [
1− 1−
4 . 6 M u 0. 4467
f ck b w d2
−
2
f ck
(bf
bw
−1
Df
d )( )[ ( )] ]
2−
Df
d
¿ bw ¿ d +
0. 4467 f ck (b f −b w ) Df ¿ 1. 15
fy

= 4612.7308 mm2

Method - 2:
Mu,flange = 0.4467 x fck x (bf - bw) x Df x (d - Df / 2)
= 488.4665 kNm

Mu,web = Mu - Muflange
= 166.0336 kNm

Ast =
0 .5 f
fy
ck
[ √1− 1−
4.6
f ck
×
M uweb
bwd
2 ]
×b w× d +
M uflange × 1. 15
f y ( d− D f / 2)
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= 4612.731 mm2

Method - 3:

Depth of N.A ( Xu)

Mu = 0.3616 fck bw xu (d - 0.416xu) + 0.4467 fck (bf - bw) Df (d - Df / 2)

xu =
[ √
1 .202 d 1− 1−1. 664
( Mu
0. 3616 f ck bw d2
−
21
34 ( bf
bw
−1
d) (
Df
2−
Df
d ))]
xu = 211.403 mm > 7Df/3 ( 210mm )
Uniform stress block in the flange & xu > 7Df/3

Ast = ( 0.3616 fck bw xu + 0.4467 fck (bf - bw) Df ) 1.15

fy
= 4613.164 mm 2

6.0 Example 6 :
Design the T-Beam for the following parameters
bf = 1200 mm Df = 90 mm
bw = 200 mm d = 450 mm
fck = 30 N/mm 2
fy = 415 N/mm2
Mu = 700 kNm d' = 50 mm

Df/d = 90/450 = 0.2 < 3xumax/7d (0.2053)

Limiting Moment of Resistance : ( Mulim )

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Mulim = 0.3616 fck bw xumax (d - 0.416xumax) + 0.4467 fck (bf - bw) Df (d - Df/2 )
xumax = 0.479 d = 0.479 x 200 = 215.6 mm

Mulim = 657.01 kNm

Mu > Mulim Hence designed as doubly reinforced section.

Depth of N.A location

xu = xumax = 215.6 mm > Df N.A lies outside the flange. ( xu,max > 7Df/3 )

Area of tension reinforcement ( Ast )

Ast = ( 0.3616fckbw xumax + 0.4467 fck (bf - bw) Df ) 1.15

fy
+ (Mu-Mulim) X 1.15
fy(d-d')
Ast = 4936.236 mm 2

Area of compression reinforcement ( Asc )

Asc = Mu-Mulim esc = 0.0035 ( 1 - d'/xumax )

(fsc-fcc)(d-d') = 0.0035 ( 1 - 50/215.6 )
= 0.002688
Asc = 319.32 mm2 fsc = 349.95 N/mm2
fcc = 13.38 N/mm2
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CL. NO. DESIGN CALCULATIONS REFERENCES

General
The slab portion deforming with the rectangular portion of the beam increases the moment
resisting capacity of the beam where it is in compression.where it is in tension along with
the beam,such as at supports in continuous beams,it cracks and only tensile reinforcement
provided are effective in tension and compressive force is taken by web(rectangular portion)
reducing the beam to a rectangular one.
Structurally,flanged beams may be of two types- T beams & L beams.If slab is
extending on both sides of a beam it is called a T-beam;but if the slab is only on one side
it is an L-beam.
Which portion of the slab will work with the beam depends on span of beam,
width of slab on adjacent sides,breadth of beam,thickness of slab and slab reinforcement at the
junction of beam and slab.

For ready reference the code defines the effective width of flange (slab) as follows:
a)
i) For T-beam, bf = l0 + bw + 6Df
6
ii) For L-beam, bf = l0 + bw + 3Df
12
bf = Effective width of flange for T or L-beam
l0 = distance between sections of zero moments in a beam
bw = breadth of web,and
Df = Thickness of slab
b) If the beam is an isolated one,i.e,only one beam has been provided in the floor/roof
system,the effectve width of flange shall be as follows:

i) For T-beam, bf = l0 + bw
(l0 / b) + 4

ii) For L-beam, bf = 0.5 l0 + bw

(l0 / b) + 4

Note: lo = 0.7 leff

In case,if the main reinforcement of a slab is parallel to the beam,the transverse reinforcement
of slab at the junction shall not be less than 60% of the main reinforcement at midspan of the
slab extending into it upto atleast quarter span of beam,to have monolithic behaviour.

Location of Neutral Axis

For a Singly Reinforced Section: (Mu<Mulim)
Case 1: xu ≤ Df (Neutral Axis lies within the Flange)
When xu = Df ,the moment of resistance is given by
Mu1 = 0.3616 x fck x bf x Df (d - 0.416 Df )
Mu ≤ Mu1
Case 2: Assume xu=7Df/3 : xu<7Df/3
The Moment of Resistance is given by
Mu2 = 0.3616 x fck x bw x (7Df/3) x (d - 0.416 (7Df/3) )
+ 0.446 x fck x (bf-bw) x Df) x (d - Df/2)

Case 3: Assume xu=7Df/3 : xu<7Df/3

Mu < Mu2
Non Uniform stress block in the Flange.(N.A lies outside the Flange) (3/7 ) xu < Df

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CL. NO. DESIGN CALCULATIONS REFERENCES

Mu ≥ Mu2
Uniform rectangular stress block in the Flange.(N.A lies outside the Flange) (3/7 ) xu ≥ Df

fy 250 415 500

xumax
d 0.531 0.479 0.456 (TABLE B of SP16)

Case 1: When the Neutral Axis (N.A) lies within the flange (xu<=Df)
Df ≥ xumax
d d

In this case Flanged beam can be considered as a rectangular beam of width b =bf and
experssion for xu,MUR and Ast for singly reinforced beam can be used by replacing b by bf

m = 0.416 xumax Z = d - 0.416 xumax

Cu = 0.3616 x fck x bf x xumax
Tu = 0.87 x fy x Ast,lim

Mulim = Cu x z or Tu x z
Mulim = 0.361 x fck x bf x xumax (d - 0.416 xumax )

Mulim = 0.3616 x (xumax/d) x (1 - 0.416 (xumax/d)) x (bf/bw)

fck x bw x d2

Mulim = 0.87 x fy x Astlim x (d - 0.416 xumax )

Ast,lim = Mulim
0.87 x fy x (d - 0.416 xumax )

At Limiting condition Equating Tu = Cu

0.87 x fy x Astlim = 0.3616 x fck x bf x xumax

Ast,lim = 0.3616 x fck x bf x xumax

0.87 x fy

MUR = 0.3616 x fck x bf x xu (d - 0.416 xu)

[ √ ]
Xu =
4 .6× M u
d 1 .202 1− 1− 2
fck ×b f ×d

Ast = 0 .5×f ck
fy
1− 1−
[ √4 . 6×M u
f ck ×b f ×d 2
b f ×d
]
Page 17 of 24
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CL. NO.
0 .5×f ck
fDESIGN
y [ √
1−
4 . 6×M u
1−CALCULATIONS
f ck ×b f ×d
2
b f ×d
] REFERENCES

Ast = fck x bf x xu
0.361 x
fy
0.87 x
MUR = 0.87 x fy x Ast x (d - 0.416 xu )

Ast = Mu
0.87 x fy x (d - 0.416 xu )

For Doubly Reinforced Section

Ast = Pt,lim x bf x d + Mu -Mulim

100 0.87 x fy x (d - d')
Mu -Mulim
Asc = (fsc - fcc) x (d - d')

fy 250 415 500

3 x xumax
7 0.2276 0.2053 0.1954

Case 2: When the Neutral Axis (N.A) lies outside the flange
& 3/7 xu lies within the flange
Rectangular cum Parabolic portion of stress block is acting on the flange.Non Uniform
stress block is acting on the flange.
Df ≥ 3 x xumax
d 7d

Cuw = 0.361 x fck x bw x xumax yfmax = 0.15 xumax +0.65 Df

Cuf = 0.446 x fck x (bf - bw) x yf

Cu = 0.361 x fck x bw x xumax + 0.446 x fck x (bf - bw) x yf

Tu = 0.87 x fy x Ast,w + 0.87 x fy x Ast,f

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CL. NO. DESIGN CALCULATIONS REFERENCES

Mulim = Muw + Muw

Mulim = Cuw x zw + Cuf x zf

= 0.361 x fck x bw x xumax x (d-0.446xumax) + 0.446 x fck x (bf - bw) x yf
.

Mulim = 0.361 x fck x bw x xu x (d-0.446xumax) + 0.446 x fck x (bf - bw) x yf

Mulim = 0.361 x xumax/d x (1- 0.416 x xumax/d)

fck x bw x d2 + 0.223 x (bf/bw-1) x (yf/d) x (2-(yf/d))

Mur = Cuw x zw + Cuf x zf

= 0.361 x fck x bw x xu x (d-0.446xumax) + 0.446 x fck x (bf - bw) x yf x (d-yf/2)

Equating Tu = Cu

0.87 x fy x Ast = 0.361 x fck x bw x xu + 0.446 x fck x (bf - bw) x yf

Ast = 0.361 x fck x bw x xu + 0.446 fck (bf - bw)yf

0.87 x fy

0.361 x fck x bw x xumax + 0.446 x fck x (bf - bw) x yf

Ast,lim = 0.87 x fy 0.87 x fy

Mu_web + Mu_flange
Ast,lim = 0.87 x fy 0.87 x fy x (d - yf/2)

a = 0.416 + 0.0225 k
b = 1+ 0.3 k- 0.195 (Df/d)
c = M_k + 0.4225 k (Df/d)2 - 1.3 k (Df/d)

xu/d = −b−√ b2 − 4 ac
2a

k = (21/34) * ((bf/bw) -1)

M_k = Mu
0.3616 x fck x bw x d2

Case3: When the Neutrl Axis (N.A) lies outside the flange
& 3/7 xu lies outside the flange
Uniform stress block in flange.

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CL. NO. DESIGN CALCULATIONS REFERENCES

=

Df ≥ 3 x xumax
d d

Cuw = 0.361 x fck x bw x xumax

Cuf = 0.446 x fck x (bf - bw) x Df

Cu = 0.361 x fck x bw x xumax + 0.446 x fck x (bf - bw) x Df

Tu = 0.87 x fy x Ast,w + 0.87 x fy x Ast,f

Equating Cu = Tu ie Cuw + Cuf = Tuw + Tuf

xu = 0.87 x fy x Ast- 0.446 x fck(bf-bw) x Df

0.361 fck bw

or
xu = 0.87 x fy x Astw
0.361 x fck x bw

Mulim = Muw + Muw

Mulim = Cuw x zw + Cuf x zf

= 0.361 x fck x bw x xumax x (d-0.446xumax) + 0.446 x fck x (bf - bw) x Df
.

Mulim = 0.361 x fck x bw x xu x (d-0.446xumax) + 0.446 x fck x (bf - bw) x Df

Mulim = 0.361 x xumax/d x (1- 0.416 x xumax/d) +

fck x bw x d2 0.223 x (bf/bw-1) x (Df/d) x (2-(Df/d))

Mur = Cuw x zw + Cuf x zf

= 0.361 x fck x bw x xu x (d-0.446xumax) + 0.446 x fck x (bf - bw) x Df x (d-Df/2)
Astf = 0.446 fck (bf-bw)Df
0.87 x fy

0 .5×f ck
fy [√
1− 1−
4 . 6×( M u −M uflange )
f ck ×b w ×d 2 ]
Pagebalignl
20 of¿ w24
¿ ×d ¿
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[√ ]
Astw = 0 .5×f ck 4 . 6×( M u −M uflange )
1− 1− balignl ¿ w ¿ ×d ¿
fy f ck ×b w ×d 2

Ast =
0 .5 f
fy
ck
[√
1− 1−
4.6 M u
[
f ck b w d2 −0 . 223 f ck
bf
bw
−1 ( )( )[ ( )]]
Df
d
2−
Df
d
¿ bw ¿ d +
0 . 446 f ck ( b f −bw ) Df
0. 87 xf y

Equating Tu = Cu
0.87 x fy x Ast = 0.361 x fck x bw x xu + 0.446 x fck x (bf - bw) x yf

0.361 x fck x bw x xumax + 0.446 x fck x (bf - bw) x Df

Ast,lim = 0.87 x fy 0.87 x fy
Mu_web + Mu_flange
Ast,lim = 0.87 x fy 0.87 x fy x (d - Df/2)

Determination of fsc corresponding to strain ( εsc )

Fe 250 Fe 415 Fe 500
εsc fsc (N/mm2) εsc fsc (N/mm2) εsc fsc (N/mm2)
<0.00109 ε x Es < 0.00144 ε x Es < 0.00174 ε x Es
≥ 0.00109 217.39 0.00144 288.7 0.00174 347.8 Table A
Note : 0.00163 306.7 0.00195 369.6 SP16:1980
0.00192 324.8 0.00226 391.3
0.87 x 250 = 0.00109 0.00241 342.8 0.00277 413
2 x 10 ^5 0.00276 351.8 0.00312 423.9
≥0.00380 360.9 ≥0.00417 434.8
0.8 x 0.87 x 415 = 0.00144
2 x 10 ^5

0.8 x 0.87 x 500 = 0.00174

2 x 10 ^5
Note:
Linear Interpolation shall be done for intermediate values.
Modulus of Elasticity of steel Es (for all grades) = 2 x 10^5 N/mm2

Determination of fcc corresponding to strain εsc (figure 21,IS 456:2000)

0 εsc ≤ 0

fcc = 0.446fck 0.002 ≤ εsc ≤ 0.0035

446fck( εsc - 250 εsc2) 0 ≤ εsc ≤ 0.002

Note 0.446fck

fcc = 0.446fck - gcc

[ ( )]
2
=
ε sc
0 . 446 f ck 1− 1−
0 . 002
0.002 0.0035

[ ( ) ( )]
2
= ε sc ε sc
0 . 446 f ck 2 −
0 . 002 0. 002
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[ ( ) ( )]
2
CL. NO. ε sc ε sc CALCULATIONS
0 . 446 f ck 2 − DESIGN REFERENCES
0 . 002 0. 002
0.002 - εsc

or
gcc
[
446 f ck ε sc−250 ε
sc
2 ]
x

0.446fck
fcc

εsc y

0.002
Eqn of Parabola
@ x = 0.002 - esc , y = gcc
y = 0.446fck x2
(0.002)2 0 . 446 f ck
g cc = 2
(0 .002−ε sc )2
(0 . 002)
or

( )
2
ε sc
g cc =0 . 446 f ck 1−
0 .002
Note
If the amount of tension reinforcement required to resist the Design moment Mu is less
than the minimum reinforcement,then the minimum reinforcement (Ast,min) is provided for
creep,shrinkage,thermal and other environmental requirements irrespective of the
strength requirement.
More over for singly reinforced sections Pt,provided < pt,limit (under Reinforced Section)

For doubly Reinforced section,the area of tension and compression reinforcement Cl 26.5.1.1 b)
provided should be less than the maximum reinforcement to avoid practical difficulty 26.5.1.2 Note
in placing and compacting concrete. IS 456:2000

3 Transverse or Shear Reinforcement

Nominal Shear Stress tv = Vu / bd (N/mm2) Cl 40.1
Under no circumstances even with shear reinforcement the nominal shear stress
in beams tv shall exceed maximum shear stress (tc,max) given in Table 20 of Cl 40.2.3
IS 456:2000 for different grades of concrete. IS 456:2000

Grade of concrete M15 M20 M25 M30 M35 ≥M40 Table 20

tc,max IS 456:2000
2.5 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.7 4
N/mm2

a) If tv > tc,max
The section is to be redesigned by changing the value of b and d

b)If tv < tc given in Table 19 of IS 456:2000

Minimum shear reinforcement shall be provided in accordance with 26.5.1.6
Design shear strength of concrete
0 . 8 f ck
τ c=0. 85 √ 0 . 8 f ck ( √ 1+5 β−1)/6 β β=
≥ 1
6 . 89 p t
Table 19 Design Shear Strength of Concrete tc N/mm2
Grade of concrete

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CL. NO. DESIGN CALCULATIONS REFERENCES

pt M15 M20 M25 M30 M35 ≥ M40
≤ 0.15 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.3
0.25 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38
0.50 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.5 0.5 0.51
0.75 0.54 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.59 0.6
1.00 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.67 0.68
1.25 0.64 0.67 0.7 0.71 0.73 0.74
1.50 0.68 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.79
1.75 0.71 0.75 0.78 0.8 0.82 0.84
2.00 0.71 0.79 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88
2.25 0.71 0.81 0.85 0.88 0.9 0.92
2.50 0.71 0.82 0.88 0.91 0.93 0.95
2.75 0.71 0.82 0.9 0.94 0.96 0.98
≥ 3.00 0.71 0.82 0.92 0.96 0.99 1.01

c) tv > tc given in Table 19 of IS 456:2000, Shear reinforcement

shall be provided to carry a stress equal to tv - tc

Spacing of Shear Reinforcement (Sv)

0 .87 f y A sv Cl 26.5.1.6
When tv < tc Sv = IS 456:2000
0. 4 b
0 .87 f y A sv
tv > tc Sv = Cl 40.4 a
(τ v −τ c )b IS 456:2000
Asv - Total Cross Sectional area of stirrup legs(mm2)
fy - Characteristic strength of the stirrups ≤ 415 N/mm2

Maximum Spacing of Shear Reinforcement (Sv,max)

Cl 26.5.1.5 of IS 456:2000 stipulates that the maximum spacing of Shear reinforcement
measured along the axis of the member shall not be more than 0.75d or 300mm
whichever is less,where d is the effective depth of the section.
Provide Shear Reinforcement at a spacing in such a way that it should not exceed
the minimum of Sv and Sv,max

4 Deflection Check
The Vertical deflection limits may generally be assumed to be satisfied ,provided Cl 23.2.1
that the span to depth ratio is not greater than the value obtained as below IS 456:2000
Allowable L/d = Basic Value x Span Factor x MFt x MFc

a) Basic Values of L/d

Cantilever Simply Supported Continuous Cl 23.2.1 a
7 20 26 IS 456:2000

b) Span Factor = 10 ≤ 1 Cl 23.2.1 b

Span (m) IS 456:2000

c) Modification factor for Tension Reinforcement (MFt)

Cl 23.2.2c
MFt = 1 ≤ 2 & Fig 4
0.225 + 0.00322 fs + 0.625 log10 (pt) IS 456:2000

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CL. NO. DESIGN CALCULATIONS REFERENCES

Service stress in steel fs = 0.58fy Ast-Required
Ast-Provided

d) Modification factor for Compression Reinforcement (MFc)

MFc = 1 + pc ≤ 1.5 Cl 23.2.1 d

3 + pc & Fig 5
pc - % of Compression Reinforcement IS 456:2000
Note
For Spans (Cantilever ) above 10m the deflection calculation should be made.

e) Reduction factors for ratios of span to effective depth for flanged beams (F3) ≥ 0.8

F3 = 0.8 + 2/7 (bw / bf - 0.3)

The final span/depth ratio allowed is (Basic ratio) x (F1) x (F2) x (F3)

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