Primary Hazards
Electrical Electric
Electric
shock
fire & explosion
safety Electric
Electric
flash
burns
Secondary Hazards Electric Shock
Person falling from height
Dropping of tools & objects It is sudden & accidental
Health hazards due to release of toxic stimulation of the body’s nervous
gas & production of UV rays system by electric current. It is the
Psychological effects result of passage of electric
Emotionally anxious current through the human body
Distracted
More prone to accidents
1
Body Resistance
Severity Of Shock Depends Body area Resistance
(ohms)
Duration of flow
Amount of current Dry skin 1,00,000 to
6,00,000
Path of flow of current
Type of energy Wet skin 1000
Internal body
Hand foot 400 to 600
Person
How Shock Occurs
P in touch
1] By simultaneously touching the
POWER
SOURCE with phase and neutral conductor thus
live wire completing the circuit through his body
N
ALERNATOR
•I = V/R B
LOAD HAVING
= 230 / 100000 A (Dry Condition) METALLIC BODY
= 0.0023 A
R
= 2.3 mA N
•I = 230 / 5000 (Wet Condition)
= 0.046 A
= 46 mA
2
2]. By touching the phase conductor 3]. By touching a metallic part that
and standing on the ground has become live by itself being in
contact with an energised wire
Y Y
ALTERNATOR ALTERNATOR
B B
ELEC. EQPT.HAVING ELEC. EQPT.HAVING
METALLIC BODY METALLIC BODY
R R
N N
Shock Protection Methods Isolation
All electrical equipment should be
isolated from accidental contact &
Isolation approach by unauthorised men.by
Current limitation Providing barrier
Panel boards, generators, large
Low voltage
motors, batteries should be
Double insulation enclosed
Earthing Low & medium voltage OH lines
should be kept @20’ above the
ground
3
Isolation Switches Double Insulation
The switches should be connected in phase only
The switches should be easy and free to operate Another insulation added.
Body of the metallic switches should be earthed Double insulated power tools have non-
Every DB should be provided with a switch metallic body
It is advisable to keep switch as near as possible
to the work-place
Need not be earthed (two point plug is
sufficient)
P
Insulation
POWER
SOURCE
N
Functional Protective
Check in General for
Neutral earthing (In case of X-mer or
Site DG)
Protective shed
requirements Body earthling
Earth pit for body earthing
Earth resistance
Fuses
Loose connection of cable
Housekeeping
Fire extinguisher and type
4
PLUG TOPS
• PLUG TOPS SHOULD BE USED TO AVOID SHOCK
DANGERS.
ELCB • THREE POINT PLUG IN CASE OF METALLIC BODY
63 A HAND TOOLS AND TWO POINT PLUG IN CASE OF
DOUBLE INSULATED HAND TOOLS.
METALLIC BODY
HAND TOOL
Fuses
Earthing
Fuses are proven safety devices for
overload conditions
Proper earthing
Check the fuses for their current ratings
DB’s
Never replace fuse wire with ordinary
Earthing for the DB’s
copper or aluminium wire
High rupturable cartridge fuses are now
a days easily available and has
advantages over traditional fuses
5
ELCB Earth Leakage Circuit
(EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER)
For portable power tools power supply is taken
Breaker
through ELCB
Saves persons from electric shock For portable power tools power
Person in supply should be taken through ELCB
touch
POWER
SUPPLY ELCB
SWITCH
BOX
with
faulty
ELCB’s OF 30 mA sensitivity ,
eqpt.
Having
63Amps, 3 poles
elec.
Charges Test the ELCB weekly and record it.
on it”s
body
It opens the circuit when it senses leakage
current from earth.
Causes of Electric fire Maintenance negligence
Selection of improper/substandard Temporary electrical connection
equipment and materials.
Electrical installation not in accordance Bad switch contacts
with statutory regulations.
Improper substitution of electrical
Overloading of equipment.
equipment and materials
Maintenance negligence.
Failure of insulation level. Allowing equipment for regular usage
Damage due to rodents, termites and after repairs without complete check-up
pests.
Lightning. Non-protection against mechanical
damages.
Water seepage.
Static electricity.
6
Failure of insulation level Electric Burns
Insulation failure occur due to following
reasons:-
1. BURNS FROM ELECTRIC FLASH
i) Reduction in voltage with standing capacity &
because of excess temperature. 2. BURNS FROM ELECTRIC HEAT
Explosion due to short circuit inside
ii) Deterioration in mechanical properties due to
excess temperature where the insulation is switches, pressing of cables of portable
mechanically vulnerable and the mechanical machines & damage to hand lamp
failure leading to electrical failure of the cables
insulation. Devices have been provided to protect
injuries due to above causes. High
iii) Aging causes deterioration of the insulation. rupturable capacity fuses to be used
which are of enclosed type. Covers to
iv) Sub-standard material are more prone to
insulation failure. be sealed and interlocked
Electric Flash
It is the result of the breaking of circuit of Cable Routing
electric current
Higher the current, slower the rate of
separation of parts, the greater is the flash All electrical cables should be run
Being a known hazard sufficient preventive either overhead or underground
measures are taken to guard against it like Cable routing layout map to be
magnetic blow out coil
prepared so that it does not cause
Electric flash generally affect the eyes, if a
tripping hazards
person sees it with his naked eyes. Personal
protective equipment has to be used Welding and power cables not to
be overlapped
7
Cables
PROTECTING CABLES FROM
Single phase supply
DAMAGES
Phase - red
Neutral - black •Protection against mech.
Earth - green Damages
Three phase supply
– Phases •Protection against heat
• Red
• Yellow •Cables should be laid away from
• Blue welding cables
– Neutral - black
Cable Joints
Staggered joints Hand Lamps
CABLE 1 Only 24V hand lamps are to be
3/4” 3/4” 3/4” 3/4”
used
Hand lamps are to be enclosed by
CABLE 2 glass surrounded by metal wire
mesh
– Joints are not to be overlapped
– One primary insulation and an overall
Hand lamps used for confined
secondary insulation is to be done
space work should be of insulated
type with no joints
– Proper insulation tape are to be used
8
Manpower Electrical Safety
Display electrical equipment & cable
Employ qualified electrician,
routing layout
preferably license holders
All electrical installation to be tested &
Identification of the electrician - commissioned as per BIS codes
red helmet All DB’s should be covered
Earthing of all electrical installations
Regular maintenance
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Records to be maintained, ELCB
Display caution boards
Provide ELCB for portable
equipment
24 V hand lamp
Follow rules and regulations
Follow safety measures
Adopt protective system
Insulation
Regular inspection
