What is Research?

• A Cyclical process if steps that typically begins with identifying a research problem or issue
of study. It then involves reviewing the literature, specifying a purpose for the study, collecting
and analyzing data, and forming an interpretation of information. This process culminates in a
report, disseminated to audiences, that is evaluated and used in the educational community.
• Research is an orderly investigation of a subject matter for the purpose of adding to
knowledge.
• Research can mean ‘re-search’ Implying that the subject matter is already known but, for
one reason or another, needs to be studied again.
Alternatively, the expression can be used without a hyphen and in this case, it typically means
investigating a new problem or phenomenon.
Education research

• is the field of study that examines learning processes that shape educational outcomes.
• is a critical, reflective and professionally oriented activity that aims to improve
educational practice by analyzing the world of Education to understand it and make it
better.
• is the application of scientific approach to the study of educational problems.
• is the way in which people acquire dependable and useful information.

Introduction
- some journals would only require the introduction to be around 4,500 words, excluding the references,
and some would require 6,000 – 12,000 words.
1. Concepts – Key words
2. Research Gaps –
3. Research Objectives – Based on the research gaps
4. Importance of the study – The research needs to state that the research is very necessary in
order to achieve its purpose

Methods
1. Research design – quantitative, qualitative, mixed method; descriptive, experimental,
correlational; phenomenology, case study.
Why are we using this method in the study – one needs to justify the reason
why this is the method.
2. Research participants –
The researchers need to justify the reason why the chosen participants are the
most logical audience to cater to. There needs to be a literature that states the logic on
the choice of participants.
3. Research materials/tools
We need to mention the specific data gathering material, the researches need
to specify the type of research data gathering procedure and the questions and
questionnaire that is used. Specify the justification of the setting as well.
 4. Research data gathering procedures
The researchers need to identify and discuss the specific steps that we need to
follow in the research. Ask permission; ascent and consent forms; and the data
gathering proper.
5. Research data analysis
Comprehensively discuss how we are going to analyze the data such as: the
transcription the research; reading the transcript; decoding the transcript; etc.
6. Research ethics
The researchers can indicate if the researchers are going to discard the research
questionnaire if the participants did not answer the questionnaire of the participants.
There is also the question of identity within the ethics, one must also include in the
consent form if the participants want to disclose their names publicly in the research
paper.

Findings and Discussion –

Conclusion - Answering the main question of the study and the question “so what?”
Recommendation
• What was missed?
• What do you want to happen?

References – all the citation within the journal. Most use APA 7th edition format.

Research gap – it tells you if there something missing within the research. It can be questions that
you can ask yourself in what was not addressed in the research. To identify your research gap, you need
to identify the topic and determine the trends withing the research conducted. It needs to be Timely and
Necessary. Review the most recent literature. This prevents major revisions and leads to greater chance
of research publication. The research gap also justifies the uniqueness and originality of the research
and proves the deep knowledge of the researcher pertaining to the topic in question.
Sample keywords: Problem, Challenge, issue, difficult or hard, barrier, gap, need or should prove, lack
of, necessary to.

Research objectives and research question – answers the main objective of the research, what
is the most essential question to answer within the research. The objective and the question give the
research a proper direction in which the researchers need to follow in order for the study to be a success.

Null hypothesis – represents the traditional approach; it makes a prediction that in the general
population, no relationship or no significant difference exists between groups on a variable. The
wording is” there is no difference between groups”
The research question needs to be suitable for the researcher; it also must be searchable. The research
question should be one that would lead to new problems and so to further research; it also must have
significance and the question must be ethically appropriate.