■■■MIXED TENSE■■■

PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT FORM:

IRREGULAR VERBS
TARJAMA VERB [Link] PP TARJAMA VERB [Link] PP
‫كان‬ Be Was/were Been ‫فقد‬/‫ضيع‬ Lose Lost Lost
‫بدا‬ Begin Began Begun ‫خلق‬ Make Made Made
‫كسر‬ Break Broke Broken ‫التقى‬ Meet Met Met
‫جلب‬ Bring Brought Brought ‫خلص‬ Pay Paid Paid
‫بنى‬ Build Built Built ‫جرى‬ Run ran Run
‫اشترى‬ Buy Bought Bought ‫رن‬ Ring Rang Rung
‫امسك‬ Catch Caught Caught ‫قال‬ Say Said Said
‫اتى‬ Come Came Come ‫راى‬ See saw Seen
‫فعل‬ Do Did Done ‫باع‬ Sell Sold Sold
‫ساق‬ Drive Drove Driven ‫ارسل‬ Send sent Sent
‫شرب‬ Drink Drank Drunk ‫قضى‬ Spend spent Spent
‫اكل‬ Eat Ate Eaten ‫تكلم‬ Speak Spoke Spoken
‫وقع‬ Fall Fell Fallen ‫غنى‬ Sing sang Sung
‫احس‬ Feel Felt Felt ‫اسس‬/‫رتب‬ Set Set Set
‫حصل‬ Get Got Got ‫جلس‬ Sit Sat Sat
‫اعطى‬ Give Gave Given ‫نام‬ Sleep Slept Slept
‫ذهب‬ Go Went Gone ‫اخذ‬ Take took Taken
‫يملك‬ Have Had Had ‫اخبر‬ Tell told Told
‫سمع‬ Hear Heard Heard ‫رمى‬ Throw Threw Thrown
‫امسك‬/‫نظم‬ Hold Held Held ‫فهم‬ Understand understood Understood
‫عرف‬ Know Knew Known ‫لبس‬ Wear Wore Worn
‫حافظ‬ Keep Kept Kept ‫ربح‬ Win won Won
‫ترك‬/‫غادر‬ Leave Left Left ‫كتب‬ Write Wrote written
KEY WORDS: ‫الكلمات المفاتيح‬
A: CONTEXT B: PAST C: FUTURE
1 : FOR / OVER / ALL / ABOUT +TIME SP simple past: (v) verb+ed/ irregular (v/not) did 1. Simple future
a. Past : had been + vbing not + V (V)=will+vb
b. Future : will have been + vbing PPS past perfect simple: (V) had + pp (V/not) had (V/not)= won’t+vb
Exception:(be) – (see) – (know) not pp Tomorrow – next – this – at
(past): Had + pp – (future): will have PC past continuous: was / were + verb+ing the end of – soon – in 2024
+ pp 1. Before -----SP------, -----PPS--- 2. Future perfect simple
2. -----SP----, ----PPS----- Before. (verb)=will have + pp
2: (VERB/X) x = already / just / never / 3. ------PPS------ Before -------SP- (verb/not)= will not have + pp
ever / recently 4. As soon as – after – because - ‫ ≠ ضد‬before By + time / in five weeks
a. Past : had + x + pp 5. When/ while : /years/ days/minutes
b. Present: has/have + x + pp simple past(‫ أو )مدة قصيرة‬Past continuous(‫)مدة طويلة‬
6. Last / ago/ yesterday / in 2019 = S.P

1. Since … s. past …, 5. … (vb/not)…has/have not pp …yet.

…has/have+pp… 6. These days – now – at the moment - …! – Tonight –
2. …has/have+pp… since … s. past … today.
3. So far : has/have + pp (verb) = is/are/am +verbing (to be) = is / are / am
4. (sb/vb) … has/have+ SB + pp …yet?

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 ■■■■■■■G & I■■■■■■■
GERUND & INFINITIVE
CIRCLE THE CORRECT (WORD / FORM OF THE VERB):

A) Let- make – help – made + ‫(غير مباشر‬verb) = verb

B) Modal (must- can- could- should -may –might- will –would-‘d better-
‘d rather) + ‫( مباشر‬verb) = verb
Promise – ask – refuse -try- manage– want – forget – would like - recommend –
advise – accept – expect – intend- easy choose- mention- demand- call-need-
miss-hope-agree-disagree– remind- deserve – tell – encourage – risk–afford-
force- so as –allow – plan- pretend – refuse – decide-allow + ‫مباشر أو غير مباشر‬
(verb) = to verb
Look forward – use + ‫(مباشر‬verb) = to verbing
Nothing of the above ‫عدم وجود أي رمز مما سبق‬+(verb) = verbing

■■PASSIVE VOICE■■
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AS SUGGESTED:
ACTIVE→ PASSIVE ACTIVE→ PASSIVE
1. Simple present: VB+s / VB* Is / are + pp 6. Past contin: was/were +vbing Was/were +being +pp
2. Simple present: don’t / doesn’t +vb Is / are + not + pp 7. Present perfect: has/have + pp Has/have +been +pp
3. Simple past: vbed/irregular2 Was / were + pp 8. Past perfect: had + pp Had + been+ pp
4. Simple past: didn’t +vb Was/were +not pp 9. Modal+ vb Modal +be+ pp
5. Prese. continuous: is/are/am +vbing Is/are +being + pp 10. Modal + have + pp Modal +have+ been+pp
Modals (9 & 10): must – can –could– may –might – should- need- will- would – have to
– has to – had to – ought to – is/are going to – used to

Active→ Passive Active → Passive

1. Think Is / are thought 4. Thought Was / were thougth
2. Believe Is / are believed 5. Believed Was / were believed
3. Say Is / are said 6. Said Was / were said

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 ■■■CONDITIONAL■■■
PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT FORM:
Cause Effect
Conditional 1 If …… simple present ………. (verb)= will + verb
(verb)= verb / verb+s (verb/not)= won’t + verb
(verb/not)= don’t / doesn’t + vb
Conditional 2 If …… simple past ………. (verb)= would + verb
(verb)= verb+ed / irregular (verb/not)= wouldn’t + verb
(verb/not)= didn’t + vb

CONDITIONAL(2)
CAUSE EFFECT
SIMPLE PRESENT →SIMPLE PAST
●verb+s ,verb →didn’t + verb
●don’t,doesn’t + verb →verb+ed , irregular
Could / would (not) + verb
●IS / Are / Am →Were (not)

■REPORTED SPEECH■
:‫( كانبداو ب‬Indicative) ‫جملة عادية‬ :‫( كانبداو ب‬imperative) ‫جملة امر‬ ‫( كانبداو‬interregative) ‫جملة سؤال‬
That To / not to + verb :‫ب‬
Wh / if

:‫ماتنساش راه كاينين بعض االستثناءات في الطريقة باش كانبداو‬

►Advised / promised / offered→ + to / not to + verb & ►Suggested→ + verbing

do/does + Subject+verb→ (simple past) ‫ او‬did + + Subject+ verb→ (had+PP) ‫خاص بالسؤال‬
INVERSION: can you go →you can go (Are-is-am-was-were-will-can-may-could-have-has)

CHANGING PRONOUNS ‫تغيير الضمائر‬ CHANGING WORDS ‫تغيير الكلمات‬

I →he /she We →they You + verb → I-he-she-they -this →that -Yesterday →the day before
Me →him /her Us →them Verb+you →me-him-her-them -these →those -Tomorrow →the day after
My →his /her Our →their Your →my-his-her-their -Now →then -Next →the following
-today →that day -last →the previous
-here →there
►Refers to 1 ►Refers to 2
CHANGING VERBS ‫تغيير االفعال‬
Simple present Simple past Past perfect Can = could Won’t=wouldn’t
Vb+s/vb Vbed / irregular Had + pp Must = had to May =might
Don’t /doesn’t +vb Didn’t + vb Had not +pp Mustn’t = didn’t have to Have /has = had

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 Is / are / am Was / were Had been Will=would

■■LINKING WORDS■■
EXPRESS PURPOSE ‫التعبير عن الهذف‬
So as to The government has built more schools. they wanted to reduce rates of illiteracy.(so as
In order to to)
‫الحذف‬ →The government has built more schools so as to reduce rates of illiteracy.
For The government has built more schools. they wanted to reduce rates of illiteracy.(for)
ing + ‫→ الحذف‬The government has built more schools for reducing rates of illiteracy.
In order that The government has built more schools. they wanted to reduce rates of illiteracy.(so
so that that)
‫التعويض‬ →The government has built more schools so that they could reduce rates of illiteracy.
CAUSE & EFFECT ‫التعبير عن السبب و النتيجة‬
GROUP 1 : CHANGE GROUP 1 : NO CHANGE
‫بفضل‬ change‫قواعد التغيير‬ So
Thanks to Cause(change),Effect(no) [Link] IS/ARE -THERE WAS/ Therefore Effect ‫بسبب‬ Cause
‫بسبب‬ WERE+ COMPLEMENT Cause As a result Effect Because
Owing to Consequently Since
E (no change) Due to C (change) [Link]/PRONOUN + That’s why As
Because of VERB(ING)+COMPLEMENT ‫إذن‬

[Link] weather was bad

‫ = قلب‬the bad weather
ADDITION & CONCESSION ‫التعبير عن االضافة و بالرغم من‬
GROUP 1 : CHANGE GROUP 1 : NO CHANGE
‫بالرغم‬ change‫قواعد التغيير‬ ‫باإلضافة‬
Despite Moreover ‫لكن‬
1(change),2(no change) [Link] IS/ARE -THERE WAS/ ‫بالرغم من‬
In spite of Yet
WERE+ COMPLEMENT Although 1. Furthermore
1 , 2 Whereas
Though ,2
‫باإلضافة‬ [Link]/PRONOUN + 1. However ,2
Even though In addition
1(no change) Along with 2(change) VERB(ING)+COMPLEMENT ‫بالرغم‬
Even if Beside / As well as
In addition to Nonetheless
what’s more Nevertheless
[Link] weather was bad
‫ = قلب‬the bad weather
FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH LINKING WORDS ‫امال الفراغ‬
_____ …..vb……. ……. _____ ….vb…. _______+vbing/noun
‫بالرغم من‬ ‫ باإلضافة‬:moreover-as well as – beside – what’s ‫ بسبب‬: due to – because of –
Although – even though – more – furthermore – in addition owing to
though - Even if ‫ لكن‬: however – but – whereas – on the contrary. ‫ بفضل‬: thanks to
‫ اذن‬: as a result – consequently – so – therefore – ‫بالرغم‬: despite – in spite of
that’s why ‫ باإلضافة‬: along with – in
‫ بسبب‬: because – since – as addition to
‫ بالرغم‬: nonetheless – nevertheless
______+verb* ……____+sb +can/could
‫ لكي‬: so as to – in order to ‫ لكي‬:so that – in order that

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 ■■RELATIVE PRON■■
‫ شخص‬+ who + verb ‫ غير عاقل‬+ which + verb ‫ مكان‬+ which + verb
‫ شخص‬+ whom + subject + verb ‫ غير عاقل‬+ which + subject verb ‫ مكان‬+ where + subject + verb
‫ مهما يكن‬+ whose + subject + be ‫ زمان‬+ when + subject + verb That’s / the reason + why + ‫مهما يكن‬
Be= is –are- was- were -been …etc.

■■■■■MODALS■■■■■
Arabic translation Modal Function
‫متاكد‬/‫يجب‬ Must Certainty/obligation
‫ممنوع‬ Mustn’t Prohibition
‫من االفضل‬ Should-ought to- ‘d better Advice
‫غير مقبول‬ Shouldn’t – oughtn’t to Criticism
‫يستطيع‬/‫يمكن‬ Can – could Ability/possibility
‫ ال يستطيع‬/‫ال يمكن‬ Can’t Impossibility/inability
‫ربما‬ May – might Probability
‫ضروري‬
Need – have to – has to – had to Necessity/obligation
‫غير ضروري‬
Needn’t- don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to Not necessary

. ■■PHRASAL VERBS■■
Phrasal verb Explanation Phrasal verb Explanation Phrasal verb Explanation
1. Put up ‫ارتفع‬/‫استضاف‬ 1. Look after ‫يعتني‬ 1. Take off ‫نزع‬/‫أقلعت الطائر‬
2. Put off ‫اجل‬ 2. Look for ‫يبحث عن شيء‬ 2. Take up ‫بدء‬
3. Put up with ‫تحمل‬ 3. Look forward ‫يشتاق‬ 3. Take to ‫يشبه‬
4. Put out ‫أطفا النار‬ 4. Look into ‫تحقق من‬ 4. Turn up ‫وصل‬/‫رفع الصوت‬
5. Put on ‫لبس‬ 5. Look out ‫احترس‬ 5. Turn down ‫خفض الصوت‬/‫رفض‬
6. Put down ‫وضع‬ 6. Look up ‫يبحث عن معلومة‬ 6. Turn off ‫أطفا‬
7. Run out of ‫نفذ‬ 7. Hand in ‫سلم‬ 7. Turn on ‫شغل‬
8. Run over ‫دهس‬ 8. Hand out ‫وزع‬ 8. Pass out ‫أغمي عليه‬
9. Run into ‫واجه‬ 9. Set off ‫انطلق‬ 9. Pass away ‫مات‬
10. Go up ‫ارتفع‬ 10. Set up ‫أسس‬ 10. Cheer up ‫ابتهج‬
11. Go off ‫انقطع التيار‬/‫انفجر‬ 11. Check out ‫انتهى الحجز‬ 11. Eat out ‫أكل خارجا‬
12. Go through ‫مر بتجربة‬ 12. Check in ‫حجز‬ 12. Find out ‫وجد‬
13. Come out ‫ظهر‬ 13. Break into ‫تسلل‬ 13. Pick up ‫جمع‬/‫تعلم‬
14. Come across ‫وجد صدفة‬ 14. Break out ‫اندلعت النار‬ 14. Write down ‫كتب‬
15. Come into ‫ورث‬ 15. Break down ‫توقف عن العمل‬ 15. Cut down ‫نقص‬
16. Apply for ‫فيزا‬/ ‫طلب عمل‬ 16. Bring up ‫يربي‬ 16. Give up ‫توقف عن‬
17. Fill in ‫مال‬ 17. Bring about ‫تسبب في‬ 17. Make up ‫خلق‬
18. Stand for ‫ يرمز إلى‬/ ‫يعني‬ 18. Settle down ‫استقر‬ 18. Make out ‫ميز‬/‫فهم‬
19. Get along ‫تفاهم‬ 19. Keep up with ‫يساير‬ 19. Let down ‫خذل‬
20. Get over ‫تعافى‬ 20. Keep on ‫يستمر‬ 20. Call off ‫ألغى‬

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 ■■■■WORD FORM■■■■
1. Able Ability 1. Child Childhood 1. Illiterate Illiteracy 1. Promotion Promote

2. Achieve Achievement 2. Citizen Citizenship 2. Immature Mature 2. Pregnant Pregnancy

3. Importan
3. Active Action 3. Confine Confinement Importance 3. Profession Professional
t
4. Advantag 4. independ
Disadvantage 4. Cooperate Cooperation Independence 4. Protection Protect
e ent
5. Adventur
Adventurous 5. Consume Consumption 5. Invest Investment 5. Rely Reliable
e
6. Addict Addiction 6. Criticism Criticize 6. Interest Interesting 6. Require Requirement

7. Agree Agreement 7. Cultural Culture 7. Laugh Laughter 7. Responsibility Irresponsibility

8. Ambitious Ambition 8. Develop Development 8. Law Legal/illegal 8. Read Re read

9. Applicatio
Apply 9. Developed Underdeveloped 9. Legal Illegal 9. Retire Retirement
n
10. Dependen
10. Assistance Assist Independent 10. Literate Illiterate 10. Risk Risky
t
11. Descriptio
11. Artistic Art Describe 11. Medicine Medical 11. Satisfy Satisfying
n
12. Arrange Arrangement 12. Destroy Destruction 12. Necessity Necessary 12. Safe Safety
13. Autonom
Autonomous 13. Dominate Domination 13. Number Out number 13. Strong Strength
y
14. Enthusias
14. Audacious Audacity Enthusiastic 14. Obey Dis-obedient 14. Successful Success
m
15. Aware Awareness 15. Energy Energetic 15. Optimist Optimistic 15. Titled Subtitled
16. Entertain Empowermen
16. Behave Behaviour Entertain 16. Power 16. Tolerance Tolerant/ tolerate
ment t
17. Understandin
17. Careful Care 17. Globalise Globalization 17. Please Pleasure Misunderstanding
g
18. Celebratio
Celebrate 18. Harm Harmful 18. Perform Performance 18. Use Misuse
n
19. Certain Certainty 19. Health Healthy 19. Poverty Poor 19. Violent Violence

20. Challenge Challenging 20. Humour Humorous 20. Popular Popularity 20. Write Rewrite

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 ■■■■FUNCTION■■■■
As for opinion Give opinion Agreement Disagreement
‫طلب الراي‬ ‫تقديم راي‬ ‫الموافقة‬ ‫المعارضة‬
– What is your opinion – In my view,.......– For me,.... – I share the same view. – I don’t share the same view.
about.............? – To my mind,................. – I agree with you. – I disagree with you.
– What do you think about...? – From my point of view, – You are right. – You are wrong.
– What is your view about....? – As far as I am concerned, – Absolutely.– Exactly. – I don’t agree.
Make a request Accept request Decline/refuse request Lack of understanding
‫تقديم طلب‬ ‫قبول طلب‬ ‫رفض طلب‬ ‫عدم الفهم‬
– Could you please,.. ...? – Of course. – Sorry, I can’t. – I beg your pardon.
– Will you.............? – Yes, sure. – I am afraid, not. – sorry, I didn’t understand
– Would you.................? – With pleasure. – I am sorry, no. – I didn’t get your point.
– Would you mind …. – Not at all. – I wish I could but..........
Asking for clarification Asking for advice Giving advice Accepting advice
‫طلب توضيح‬ ‫طلب نصيحة‬ ‫تقديم نصيحة‬ ‫قبول نصيحة‬
– Could you repeat,please? – What should I do? – You should (not)....... – That’s a good idea, thanks.
– What do you mean by …. – I don’t know what to do. – You ought (not) to........ – It sounds a good idea.
– Could you explain more, Can you help me? – You’d better (not)
please? – If I were you, I would....
– Would you elaborate on
that, please?
Make a complaint Respond to a complaint Make an apology respond to an apology
‫تقديم شكاية‬ ‫الرد على شكاية‬ ‫تقديم اعتذار‬ ‫الرد على اعتذار‬
– I am sorry, but.......... – I’m so sorry. I didn’t realize – I do apologize. Never mind.
– Sorry to say this, but... that. – I am really sorry about this.
– maybe you forgot to …. – sorry there is nothing to do – I can’t tell you how sorry I
- Enough is enough about it. am.
– Oh! I am sorry about that
Accept suggestion Make a suggestion Asking for permission
‫قبول اقتراح‬ ‫تقديم اقتراح‬ ‫طلب االذن‬
– Ok let’s. – Let’s...............? -May I ...................?
– That’s a good idea. – How about + verb + -Can I............?
– That sounds a good idea, – What about + verb + -Is it OK if................?
thanks. – Why don’t we...........? -Would it be all right if.....
– Yes, why not. - No let’s not.

7
8