GET TO KNOW MORE!
BASKETBALL
&
VOLLEYBALL
Andrea Gwyneth R. Macalintal
11-HUMSS A
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WHO INVENTED?
The only major sport strictly of U.S. origin,
basketball was invented by James Naismith
(1861–1939) on or about December 1, 1891, at
the International Young Men's Christian
Association (YMCA) Training School (now
Springfield College), Springfield,
Massachusetts, where Naismith was an
instructor in physical education.
In December 1891, college teacher James Naismith
had a problem. His students, forced indoors
because of winter, had become rowdy. They had a
lot of energy, but no way to burn it off. It was too
cold to play football and baseball, and too
HISTORY
dangerous to play those sports in the gym.
Fans flocked to see this exciting new sport. Soon
The school asked Naismith to invent a new indoor professional leagues were formed. In the 1920s, pro
sport. Naismith remembered a rock-tossing game teams such as the Original Celtics and the Harlem
he played as a child. How about a game where Rens drew huge crowds on nationwide tours. The
players threw a ball at a target? The team that game spread to every corner of the world.
tossed the most balls into the target would win.
Basketball became an Olympic sport in 1936. For the
Naismith called his new game “basket ball” and first Olympic basketball game, Naismith tossed the
wrote up 13 rules. Two peach baskets and a soccer ball for the tipoff. After the championship game, he
ball were the equipment. Naismith put the baskets presented the medals to the players. The game James
at each end of the gym, nailed 10 feet above the Naismith invented as a winter “distraction” had
floor. The teams each had nine players. Naismith turned into a global sport.
threw the ball in the air for the first tipoff. On
December 21, 1891, the game of basketball was born
in Springfield, Massachusetts.
COURT DIMENSION
Length (International)
Length (other levels)
28m
26-28m
Width (International)
Width (other levels)
15m
14-15m
Height (International)
7m
BASKETBALL COURT
MARKINGS
Centre circle
Used for the opening tip off, the centre circle has a 3.6m diameter.
Three point line
Sidelines
The three point lines are the arcs that mark a range boundary from
The outer edge of the court is denoted by the
each hoop. Scoring from outside this line is worth three points. The
sidelines, which run the length of the court. On a
distance of the line will vary depending on the level of game, but is
full-sized court they measure 28m.
typically 6.75m from the basket.
Baseline and endline
Free throw line
The terms baseline and endline both refer to the
The free throw line, marked 4.6m from the backboard, is the mark at
ends of the court running behind the goals.
which a player must stand when shooting free throws.
Typically they measure 15m. The use of the different
terms depends on the direction a team is playing.
Free throw circle
Endline is the term for the end of the court which a
The free throw circle is the same size as the centre circle (3.6m in
team is defending, baseline is the for the attacking
diameter). Shooters must stay inside this circle when taking a free
end.
throw. The circle is also used for jump balls.
Mid court
Free throw lane lines/key
This is the halfway mark on the court and is used to
Lane lines run from the free throw line to the baseline, to form the
denote the offensive playing area during a game. On
'key'. The shape and width can vary depending on the level of the
a full-sized court, the mid court line would be 14m
game, but FIBA (International Basketball Federation) regulation
from each endline.
changes in 2010 set it as a 4.9m by 5.8m rectangle. Some also include
space markings to keep opposing players from obstructing the free
throw shooter.
Only five players per team on the court
Score more than your opponent to win
Score within the shot clock
RULES AND Dribbling advances the ball
The offense has five seconds to inbound the ball
REGULATION The offense must advance the ball
Ball and ballhandler must remain inbounds
Defenders can’t interfere with a shot on a downward trajectory
Defenders can legally block or steal the ball
Defenders must leave the paint after three seconds
Each team is allotted a certain number of fouls
Illegal contact results in a foul
Illegal contact results in a personal foul
Excessive contact results in a flagrant foul
Charges and illegal screens result in an offensive foul
Certain rule violations result in technical fouls
EQUIPMENTS
ball towels scoreboard
hoop uniforms playing floor
jersey whistles playing court
shoes wristband equipment
shorts water jug backboard
socks knee pads lighting DYK?
headbands basket net
Most nets are 15"-18" long. They
rings and rims shot clock all have the same 18" diameter
top which encompasses the
shooting sleeves throwback jersey standard basketball rim.
backboard
SIZE
Standard Mens Basketball (Size 7) - This is the size used by the NCAA men, boys high school,
as well as the NBA. It has a circumference between 29.5 and 30 inches and weighs between 20
and 22 ounces.
Standard Womens Basketball (Size 6) - This is the basketball used by NCAA women, girls high
school, and the WNBA. It is between 28.5 and 29 inches in circumference and weighs 18-20
ounces.
Junior Basketball (Size 5) - The junior size basketball is for boys and girls between the ages of
8-12. It is between 27.25 to 27.75 inches in circumference and weighs 14-16 ounces.
Mini Basketball (Size 3) - For young children ages 5-8, the mini ball is 22 to 22.5 inches in
circumference and weighs 10.5 to 11.25 ounces.
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WHO INVENTED?
William Morgan was born on January 23, 1870 in Lockport, NY. He
was recruited by James Naismith to play football at the YMCA
Training School (now Springfield College). After he graduated he
eventually became the physical education director at the Holyoke
YMCA. While there he realized that basketball was much too
strenuous for the older gentlemen so he set out to invent a game
for them to play. The first "Mintonette" game was played in
December of 1895 and was a little different from the volleyball we
are used to today. First off there was no limit to the number of
people on the court at one time and second each side could hit the
ball as many times as they liked before it went over the net.
Play is started by a player on one side
HISTORY serving the ball over the net into the
opponents’ field or court. The opponents
William G. Morgan (1870-1942), who was born in the State
then, without letting the ball strike the floor,
of New York, has gone down in history as the inventor of
return it, and it is in this way kept going
the game of volleyball, to which he originally gave the
back and forth until one side fails to return
name "Mintonette". He decided to blend elements of
the ball or the ball hits the floor. The side
basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a
serving the ball earns points when the
game for his classes of businessmen which would
opposite side either fails to return the ball
demand less physical contact than basketball. He created
or allows the ball to hit the floor.
the game of Volleyball (at that time called mintonette).
During a demonstration game, someone
Per Morgan, the game was fit for the gymnasium or remarked to Morgan that the players
exercise hall but, could also be played outdoor. The play seemed to be volleying the ball back and
consisted of any number of players keeping a ball in forth over the net, and perhaps “volleyball”
motion from one side to the other over a net raised 6 would be a more descriptive name for the
feet 6 inches above the floor. sport.
COURT DIMENSION
The playing court is For FIVB, world
18m long and 9m and official
wide and is competitions, the
surrounded by a free zone
measures a
free zone 3m wide
minimum of 5m
on all sides.
from the side
The space above the
lines and 8m from
playing area is
the ends lines.
known as the free
The free playing
playing space and is
space is a
a minimum of 7m
minimum of 7m
high from the high from the
playing surface. playing surface.
Playing surface
The playing surface is flat and a light colour. For
FIVB, world and official competitions, only a MORE INFO!
wooden or synthetic surface is allowed. White
colours are required for the lines. Other Zones and areas
different colours are required for the playing The front zone on each court is limited by the axis of
court and free zone. the centre line and the rear edge of the attack line.
Line markings The front zone extends beyond the side lines to the
All lines on the court are 5cm wide and are a end of the free zone. The service zone is a 9m wide
light colour different from the colour of the area behind each end line and extends to the end of
floor. The boundary lines are the two side lines the free zone. It is 15cm long and drawn 20cm behind
and end lines. The centre line divides the the end line as an extension of the side lines. The
playing court into two equal courts, 9m x 9m substitution zone extends from both attack lines to
each. This line extends from beneath the net the scorer’s table. The Libero Replacement zone is
part of the free zone on the same side as the team
from sideline to sideline. On each court the rear
benches, extending from the attack line up to the end
edge of the attack line is drawn 3m back from
line. A penalty area, 1m x 1m, is located in the control
the middle of the centre line and marks the
area outside of the endlines.
front zone.
Nets and posts
The net is 2.43m high for men and 2.24m high for women. It is placed vertically
over the centre line. It is 1m wide and 9.5m‑10m long and is 10cm square black
mesh. The height of the net is measured from the centre of the playing court. The
antenna is a flexible rod, 1.8m long and 10mm in diameter and made of fiberglass or
similar material. It is fastened on opposite sides of the net. The top of the antenna
extends 80cm above the net and is marked with 10cm stripes of contrasting
colour, usually red and white. The 2.55m high posts are placed 0.50m‑1.0m outside
the side lines. The posts are rounded and fixed to the ground without wires.
6 players on a team, 3 on the front row and 3 on the back row
Maximum of three hits per side
Player may not hit the ball twice in succession (A block is not
considered a hit)
RULES AND Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve
A ball hitting a boundary line is "in"
REGULATION A ball is "out" if it hits...
an antennae,
the floor completely outside the court,
any of the net or cables outside the antennae,
the referee stand or pole,
the ceiling above a non-playable area
It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a players body
It is illegal to catch, hold, or throw the ball
If two or more players contact the ball at the same time, it is
considered one play and either player involved may make the next
contact (provided the next contact isn't the teams 4th hit)
A player can not block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10
foot line
After the serve, front line players may switch positions at the net
At higher competition, the officiating crew may be made up of two
refs, line judges, scorer, and an assistant scorer
When attacking a ball coming from the
The result of a violation is a point for the opponent.
opponents court, contacting the ball when
reaching over the net is a violation if the ball
When serving, stepping on or across the service line as
hasn't yet broken the vertical plane of the net.
you make contact with the serve
Crossing the court centerline with any part of
Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully
your body. Exception: if it's the hand or foot,
the entire hand or entire foot must cross for
Contacting the ball illegally (lifting, carrying, throwing,
it to be a violation.
etc. )
Serving out of order.
Touching the net with any part of the body while the
ball is in play. Exception: If the ball is driven into the
Back row player blocking (deflecting a ball
net with such force that it causes the net to contact an
coming from their opponent), when at the
opposing player, no foul will be called, and the ball shall
moment of contact the back row player is
continue to be in play.
near the net and has part of his/her body
above the top of the net (an illegal block).
When blocking a ball coming from the opponents
court, contacting the ball when reaching over the net
Back row player attacking a ball inside the
is a violation if both:
front zone ( the area inside the 10 foot line),
1) your opponent hasn't used 3 contacts AND
when at the moment of contact the ball is
2) they have a player there to make a play on the ball
completely above the net (an illegal attack).
EQUIPMENTS
carts net ball
elbow pads knee pads shoes
finger tape jerseys socks
floor tape lighting shorts
line painter scoreboard ankle brace
ball pumps penalty cards arm sleeves
ball hammocks playing floor bags and backpack
coaches' clipboard playing courts
SIZE
Volleyballs usually come in three sizes: youth, adult, and outdoor:
The youth ball- has a circumference of around 25 to 26 inches.
The adult volleyball- has a circumference measuring 25.5 to 26.5 inches.
The outdoor volleyball- has a circumference of around 26 to 27 inches.
Thank You
