JEE (MAIN & ADV.), MEDICAL + BOARD, NDA, IX & X Enjoys unparalleled reputation for best results R. K. MALIK'S NEWTON CLASSES in terms of percentage selection www.newtonclasses.net WAVE OPTICS [PRACTICE QUESTIONS] Very Short Answer Questions [1 Mark Qs.] How does the energy of a wave travel? What is a wavefiont? Draw the shape of a plane wavelfont aller refraction through a concave lens. ‘What isthe relation between the path difference and the phase difference? ‘Which characteristic of wave remains uichanged during refraction? ‘Two waves ofthe same amplitude interfere constructively What is the resultant intensity? What wil be the effect on interference fringes fred light is replaced ty blue light? Docs the energy of a wave change ifit travels from one ‘medium 1oanother medium? ‘What isthe significance of the limit of resolution of a telescope? ‘What happens if he monochromatic source is replaced bya source ofwhitelightin Young's double it experiment? ‘Two similar bulbs emitting light canna be coherent, Why? Hows the intensity ofthe central maximum affeted ifthe width of slit is doubled in a single slit diffraction experiment? ‘What is the resolving power ofa microscope? Name the phenomenon which defines the limit of ray optics? What do you mean by the Fresnel distance? What is Browsterslaw? How doesthe intensity ofthe light vave vary after being reflected at polarising angle? What is thesuperposition principle? What is the phase difference between two point on a cylindrical wavefront? ‘What will be the effect on the fringes, if young’s double slitexperiment set ups immersed in water? Two independent sources cannot produce observable interference pattern ona screen. Why? Doss the value of polarising angle depend on colour of light? Which to chi is polarised? ‘Short Answer Questions [2 or 3 Marks Qs.] State Huygens principle. Explain the phenomenon ofthe reflection ofa plane wave bya plane surface. What are the condition destructive interference? Give two point of difference berween interference and difkacton What do you mean by coherent and non-coherent Write wo conditions fr sustained interference. Stateand explain Malus law, Explain the phenomenon ofpolarsation by seattering. tcrstcs of light donot change when it for the constructive and 9. 10, UL. 2 Explain the formation ofsccondarymaximain thedifrction pattern duc toa single st ‘What are polaroids? Write their uses. ‘The sizeof theslitis increased three times in asingle slit experiment what changes are observa in (i) he intensity (Gi the width ofthe central maxima? ‘What isthe effect onthe interference pattern observed in « Young's double sit experiment when (i) monochromatic light is replacedby white light? (i) source is moved closer to the double-slt plane? (Gi) the widths of eo slitsare increased?” ‘Dees the same phenomenon responsible forthe colours ‘ofa soup bubble seen in sunlightandthe colours emerging ‘om apis? Duie which phenomenon, does oil floating on water look coloured, What shouldbe the thickness of the film for such effect tobe visible? How does a polaroid polarse light passing through it? ‘A plane wavelrontis incident on, ()-aprism —()aconverlens Draw the emergent wavefront in cach ease, Draw the graphs showing intensity patter in young’s double slit experiment and diffraction duc toa single sit. ‘Twonarowslts arlluminated bya single monechramatic source. Name the pattern obtained on the sereen. One of the sits is now completely covered, what isthe name of the patlem obtained now an the seen? How does the intensity oflight emerging from a polaroid ‘vary? How can theintensitybe further controlled by wsing 1 second polaroid? Long Answer Questions [§ Marks!Qs.] (2) What isthe imterference of ight? (b)_ In Young's double slit experiment, show that Ings _ (040)? Imig (ab) ‘What happens ifone of the slits is elosed in the ouble-sit interference experiment? ‘What isthe phenomenon of diffraction? Why's theintensity maximurnat the central maximum ‘onthe difraetion pattern? At what positions, secondary maxima and minima are obsained and, why is the intensity of light at sccondarymaxima lessthan that of central maximum Using Huygens principle explain the reftaction of plane wave and hence prove the Snell's law of reffaction (b) What happens ifa plane waveffont travelling in a denser mediums incidenton the interface ofa rarer ‘medium tan angle greater than critical angle? ‘Numerical Questions [3 or 5 Marks Qs.] In Young's double-sit experiment the intensity ratio of two waves is 25 : 4, What is the ratio of maximum to ‘minimum intensity? QUESTIONS CBSE CLASS XII- PHYSICS PRACTICE PEAKS) Office.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranc! |, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968RK. MA TKS NEWTON CLASSES ‘A double sits illuminated by light of} = 5000 A. What Will be the separation of two adjacent minima ifthe slits. are 0.1 em apart and the screen is placed | maway? ‘The fringe width ata distance of 50 em from the slits in ‘Young's double-sit experiment for the ight of wavelength £6000 A is 0.042 em. What will be the fringe-width atthe same distance for the light of wavelength 5000 A? In Young’sexperiment the ratio of maximum to minimum, atensitiesis 4: 1, What i the ratio of the amplitudes of the coherent sources? In Young's double-slt experiment, the fring-width was found 0.4 mm forthe light of wavelength 600A. ‘What will be the fringe width if entie apparatus is immerse in aliquid of refactve index 1.33? A slit of width dis illuminated by the ight of wavelength 66000 A. For what valueofdwillthe first minimum fll atan angle of diffraction of 30°? 1 Ina double-slit experiment, interference finges of width 1 ‘mm each are observed when light of wavelength $00 A is, used. What will be the fringe width ifthe source isreplaced by another wavelength of 6000 A, keeping the setup unchanged. The value of critical angle fer acrytal is 45°, Calculate the polarising angle ‘Two polaroids are oriented so that maximum light is ‘transmitted. What isthe faction ofthe maximum light ued when the second polaroid is rotated through ‘The light of wavelength S000 A is caming fom a star. Whatistheresolving power of telescope whose objective hasa diameter of 1.2m? SOLUTIONS cues suo) Very Shoit Answer Questions The energy ofthe wave travels ina direction perpendicular tothe wavefront ‘A wavefront is defined asa surface of constant phase. Refraction ofa plane wave by a concave lens: Incident Plane wave Refracted spherical wave Thus, the shape of a plane wavefront after refraction through a concave lens is spherical. 4 5 6 Path difference (x) = 2x phase difference (9) = 0 @ The frequency of wave remains unchanged during refactn The resultant intensity becomes four times the original intensity Indy Asp= Pk ie Pen vaya Therefore fringe wiih is reduced and fringes come close “Theenergy ofa wave dos not change fit aves from one medium to another medium The limit of resolution of a telescope enables us to view images of to different abject distinty The central rng iswhit. The frngecloseston either side ofthe cena wie ingest andthe il appear g z z B a 3 8 g 2 6 3 Z g g 5 2 g g Fa = Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph. 0651-2562523, 9835508612, 6507613968, NEWTONCLASSES.WAVE OPTICS [PRACTICE QUESTIONS] ‘Two imilar bulbs wil emit light waves n random phaseand hence cannat be coherent The intensity ofthe central maximum increased by four times. Theresolvingpower afamicrscopes given by 2788. Difaction phenomena define the limits of ray optics. ‘The Fresnel distance is given by *—. Abeam oflight travels a distance °—, before it starts to spread out due to Aitaction. an i, where j,i the polarising fe and us the fefrectiveladex of he denser msn The intensity of the light wave decree Wer betes reflectedat polarising ange. {Ata particular point inthe medium, the resultant displacement produced bya numberof waves isthe vector ‘sum of the displacements produced by each of the waves. The phase difrene Breen two points on seine vwavetont baer The ingles booms narowet ‘Two independent sources of ight cannot be coherent and hence cannot proce interference pater Yes (1 =tani Speed and regency. | short Answer Questions According to huygens principle () cach pint ofthe wave front isthe sourceafa secondary dsurbanceandsecndary ‘aves emanating fort these phi reed Git in A directions with the speed ofthe wave (i) the new position ofthe wave fontt ater timeisa common tangent drawn toall thee spheres Refer fo theory, Refer to theory. ay eee fiom two coherent sorees.Difiraction pattern is chained due to waves arising fom diferent parts of thesame vevefiont (8 Ininterceede att al the eA ingsaecf te sum ntensity, Hewes, nth it acton pater a bright fringes are not of the same intensity. Refer to theory. Refer to theory Refer to thor Refer to theory. The posiions of secondary minima are at a Consider frst the angle 0 where the path difference a is then @ =. Now divide the sit into two equal halves cxchofsie 8 Thesis the pth irene betwen the vernon ote teste Ae 4 resultthe waves reaching at any point on the scraen will hhave a phase diference of 180° and hence cancel each other. ‘Therefore, the intensity fall to zero and a minimum is produced, ‘A polaroid is a material which consists of long chain molecules aligned in a particular direction. fan unpoarised light wave is incidenton such a polarci then electric vector along the direction of aligned molecules get absorbed and the light wave i linearly polarised Polaroids are used to control the intensity of light in sunglasses, window panes and aeroplanes etc. They are also used in photographic cameras and 3D moviecameras. () Theintensty of central maximum inereases by a factor 9. (| Thewidth of central maximum decreases by a factor of 3 (The central bright finge is white. When the source is moved closer tothe double-slits, the interference pattern becomes less sharp and ifthe source is too elose tothe slits the ffinges disappear. (@_Ducto the increase in the widths of the two sits, the brightness offinges increase No. The colours of a soap bubbles are scen duc to interference of light. Inthe prism, colours appear due to dispersion of ight ‘Theoil oating on water looks coloured du to interference of light, The thickness of ol film must be ofthe order of ‘wavelength of visible light {fom 4000 A t08000 A). A polaroid consists of long chain molecules aligned in a particular direction. If an unpolarsed light is incident on such a polaroid, the electric vectors along the direction of the aligned moiccules get absorbed and those oscillating along adirection perpendicular tothe aligned molecules are transmitted, thus the light wave gts linearly polarised. Refraction of plane wave form by =i, insider > plane wavefront (@ Aconvex tens incident —> plane wave Office.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph. 0851-2562523, 9835508812, 6507613968, NEWTONCLASS QUESTIONS CBSE CLASS XII- PHYSICS PRACTICETKS NEWTON CLASSES 0 ° When two narrow slits are illuminated by @ single monochromatic source, the patter obtained of the screen is interference patern which consists of alternate bright and dark inges ‘Whenone ofthe sits covered theresa diffraction pattem ‘on the seroen, ‘According to Malus lav, the inten T=1go20 ‘The intensity coming out ofa single polaroid ishalf of the lent intensity. By putting » second potaroid, the can be farther cotclled fom 50% to zero ofthe incident intensity Long Answer Guestions: |. q (8) The phenomenon of redistribution of light energy in a ‘medium due tothe superposition of ight waves from ‘0 coherent sources is called interference (©). Suppose wo waves of amplitudes a and brespectivaly and a phase diffrence 4, travelling in a medium, superimpose each other. yr asinot; yynb sin(at +9) ‘According to superposition principle, 1 *¥2= asin ot + bsin(o+ 4) a sinot + b sino ,cosg +b coset, sing y=(a+beos9)sinat+bsing.cosot 6) Put, (@ +b cos ¢)=Reos 0 i) boos $=R sin id y= R cos0.sinat + R sin 0,cosat Rsin(or +4) iv) This is the displacement of the resultant wave where Risthe amplitude ofthe wave. ‘Squaring and adding oq. (i) and (ii) Re ya? +b? + Dabooss As, intensity (amplitude)? Tock ty will Vary as 2+ b+ 2aboosh feos =+ I the intensityis maximum, Tyay (0)? If cos 1 the intensity is minimum, a (bY ES Ina _ (+b nin (@=bY (© If one of the slits is closed in the double sit lerference experiment, the diffeaction pattcrn is ‘obsained on the sereen instead of interference pater. (@)_ The phenomenon of spreading of light waves as they pass through a narrow opening is called diffraction of lige In the region of central maximum, the intensity is maximum because the path difference between the ‘waves rising fromall parts ofthe slits zero. {m3} ‘Thepesitcn ofccendary maximaare a wh istheslit width ‘and socondary minima are at wheren = +1, £2yccand For secondary maxima, consider an angle 0= > (by putting n= 1), Now divide te sit into three equal Pur elinttohatettestis i espa Jittomar oS these two halves will cancel each other, Only the remaining one third ofthe slit contributes to the intensity ata point between two minima. Consequently the intensity atthe secondary maxima becomes less ‘hanthat of central maximum. @ Referto theory. (0) Refer theory. ‘Therefore waves coming out from ows. _ (0+ bY Tin (@-)" (5-2)? Asweknow; fingewidth, QUESTIONS CBSE CLASS XII- PHYSICS PRACTICE Office.: 606 , 6” Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph. 0651-256252, 9835508612, 8507613968, NEWTONCLASSWAVE OPTICS [PRACTICE QUESTIONS] => 2a-2b=atb = 2a-a=b+2b = as3bon b=7 DA Fringe width B= —~ a Wavelength in theliquidx'= (> Fring width inthe liquid B= “NO WINTER LASTS FOREVER eNO SPRING SAPS TTS TURK: Hal Borland PHYSICS. Fringe width = => ‘ Bp = NEWTONCLASSES.NET _ 6000x107" Ms, Foose TIO = 12mm Asdetanjend ya a 4 o 8 g g 6 2 Z ¢ g 5 ima) According to Malus" law I= 1jeos% O30" = 10% 0"y=15 (58) = hx ; =075 , 4 Resolving power of atelescope = (5 122 - 12-319 122%5000 10 Office.: 606 , 6" Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph. 0851-2562523, 9835508812, 6507613968, NEWTONCLASSES