REPORT July

2023p 2024

DATA SERIES

IOGP Safety performance indicators

- Process safety events - 2023 data
Acknowledgements
IOGP thanks those companies that have participated in the data collection programme. This Report was
produced by the Safety Committee.

Feedback
IOGP welcomes feedback on our reports: [email protected]

Disclaimer
Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication, neither IOGP nor any of its
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 REPORT July
2023p 2024

DATA SERIES

IOGP Safety performance indicators

- Process safety events - 2023 data

Revision history
VERSION DATE AMENDMENTS
1.00 July 2024 First release
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Contents

Contributing companies 5. Results by material released

Introduction 5.1 Tier 1

5.2 Tier 2
Scope of reporting and data validation
6. Results by Process Safety Fundamental
Data series
1. 2023 results 6.1 Tier 1
7. Results by region
1.1 Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE
1.2 Sabotage/wilful damage 7.1 Drilling
1.3 Onshore and offshore 7.2 Production
1.4 Tier 1 PSE causal factors 8. Company results
1.5 Fatal incident causal factors
1.6 High potential event causal factors Appendix A – Database dimensions
1.7 Barriers
Appendix B – Data tables
2. Results by function
Section 1 Overall
2.1 Drilling
Section 2 Results by function
2.2 Production
Section 3 Results by activity
3. Results by activity Section 4 Results by consequence
3.1 Tier 1 Section 5 Results by material released
3.2 Tier 2 Section 6 Results by Process Safety Fundamental
Section 7 Results by region
4. Results by consequence
Section 8 Company results
4.1 Tier 1 Appendix C – Countries represented
4.2 Tier 2
4.3 Injury as consequence Appendix D – Glossary of terms
4.4 Fire or explosion as consequence

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Contributing companies
The process safety statistics were derived from data provided by the following companies:

2021 2022 2023

ADNOC ADDAX Petroleum Limited ADDAX Petroleum Limited
Aker BP ADNOC ADNOC
Assala Energy Aker BP Aker BP
Beach Energy Assala Energy Azule
BHP Beach Energy Basrah Gas Company
BP BP Beach Energy
BW Energy BW Energy BP
Capricorn Energy Capricorn Energy BW Energy
CCED CCED Cenovus
Cenovus Cenovus CEPSA EP
CEPSA EP CEPSA EP Chevron
Chevron Chevron CNOOC
CNOOC CNOOC ConocoPhillips
ConocoPhillips ConocoPhillips Crescent Petroleum
Dana Gas Crescent Petroleum Dana Gas
ENI Dana Gas Dolphin Energy
Equinor ASA ENI ENI
ExxonMobil Equinor ASA Equinor ASA
Genel Energy ExxonMobil ExxonMobil
Gulf Keystone Genel Energy Genel Energy
Harbour Energy Gulf Keystone Gulf Keystone
INPEX Corporation Harbour Energy Harbour Energy
Kosmos Energy INPEX Corporation Hess Corporation
Kuwait Oil Company MOL INPEX Corporation
MOL Neptune Energy Kosmos Energy
Neptune Energy North Oil Company Kuwait Oil Company
North Oil Company OMV MOL
Oil Search Pan American Energy Neptune Energy
OMV Petrobras North Oil Company
Pan American Energy Petronas Carigali OMV
Petrobras PGNiG Orlen
Petronas Carigali Pluspetrol Pan American Energy
Pluspetrol Prime Energy Petrobras
Premier Oil PTTEP Petronas Carigali
PTTEP Repsol Pluspetrol
Qatar Energy LNG Shell Companies Prime Energy
Repsol SOCAR PTTEP
Shell Companies Sonangol Qatar Energy
SOCAR Spirit Energy Qatar Energy LNG
Sonangol Suncor Repsol
Suncor TotalEnergies Shell Companies
TotalEnergies Trident Energy SOCAR
Tullow Oil Tullow Oil Sonangol
Vår Energy Vår Energy Spirit Energy
Wintershall Dea Wintershall Dea Suncor
Woodside Woodside TotalEnergies
YPF SA YPF SA Trident Energy
Tullow Oil
Vår Energy
Wintershall Dea
Woodside
YPF SA

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Introduction
In response to a number of major incidents, the oil and gas industry has identified opportunities to improve Key
Performance Indicators (KPIs) for monitoring and review within management systems in order to more
proactively identify and address barrier weaknesses.

IOGP Report 456 - Process Safety - Recommended Practice on Key Performance Indicators provides guidance
for companies with upstream activities on Key Performance Indicators (KPI) used in managing process safety for
the prevention of unplanned and uncontrolled loss of containment events. It builds on the framework and
definitions included in the API Recommended Practice (RP) 754, Process Safety Indicators for the Refining and
Petrochemical Industries on process safety indicators, with specific emphasis on their application to upstream
oil and gas activities.

IOGP published the 3rd edition of Report 456 in May 2023. For IOGP data reporting purposes, this revised version
applies to PSEs recorded from 2023 onwards.

IOGP Report 456 and API RP 754 adopt a four-tier framework of KPIs which is illustrated in Figure 1.

Tiers 1 and 2 are predominantly lagging indicators related to Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC) referred to as
a Process Safety Event (PSE):

The Tier 1 KPI records events with greater consequence within the four-tier approach.
The Tier 2 KPI records incidents with a lesser consequence.

Figure 1: Process Safety Indicator Pyramid (from API RP 754)

RP 754 Tier 1 and Tier 2 KPI definitions and thresholds have been adopted by IOGP with the intent that both

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

indicators can be applied across production and drilling operations for the industry worldwide.

Tier 1 and Tier 2 KPIs include LOPC incidents that are reportable as Process Safety Events (PSEs) if the incident
results in any of the consequences shown in Figure 3. The definitions refer to material release threshold
quantities, which are published in Part E of IOGP Report 456.

Figure 2: Process Safety Event definitions and thresholds (from IOGP Report 456, extract from API RP 754)

Note: “days away from work” injury should be taken to be the same as the IOGP defined Lost Work Day Case (LWDC).

In this Report, 2023 data are published together with 2014-2022 data.

The Process Safety Event (PSE) data presented in this Report are based on the numbers of Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE
reported by participating IOGP Member Companies, broken down for:

onshore and offshore

drilling and production
activities
consequences
material released

The Tier 1 and Tier 2 data presented have been normalized against reported work hours associated with drilling
and production activities to provide PSE rates.

Tier 3 and Tier 4 process safety KPIs are not included in this Report as they are primarily intended for use at a
company or facility level. Guidance on Tier 3 and Tier 4 indicators is available in IOGP Report 456, Part G.

Countries and companies that are subject to international sanctions are not featured in this Report for 2022 and
2023 data.

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

 Definitions

Loss of primary containment (LOPC)

An unplanned or uncontrolled release of any material from primary containment,
including nontoxic and non-flammable materials (e.g. steam, hot water, nitrogen,
compressed CO2 or compressed air). Note: The duration of the material release is
assessed from the beginning of the release to the end of the release, not from the
beginning of the release to the containment or mitigation of the release. [From API RP
754]

For well operations, any unplanned or uncontrolled release to the surface (seabed or
ground level) should be included. LOPC is a type of event. An unplanned or uncontrolled
release is an LOPC irrespective of whether the material is released into the environment,
or into secondary containment, or into other primary containment not intended to
contain the material released under normal operating conditions.

Process safety [From API RP 754]

A disciplined framework for managing the integrity of hazardous operating systems and
processes by applying good design principles, engineering, and operating and
maintenance practices. It deals with the prevention and control of events with the
potential to release hazardous materials or energy. Such releases can result in toxic
effects, fire or explosion, and could ultimately result in serious injuries, property
damage, lost production and environmental impact.

Primary containment
A tank, vessel, pipe, truck, rail car, or other equipment designed to keep a material
within it, typically for purposes of storage, separation, processing or transfer of gases or
liquids. The terms vessel and pipe are taken to include containment of reservoir fluids
within the casing and wellhead valving to the surface.

Primary containment also includes closed systems that have a pressure boundary such
that there is no exposure of process material to the atmosphere. Where there is a
pressure boundary, liquids and vapors are recovered or controlled, and at no time is
material directly in contact with the atmosphere. Examples include closed drainage or
collection systems, rapid de-inventory systems, double-walled tanks, etc.

Process safety event (PSE) – IOGP reportable

An unplanned or uncontrolled release of any material including non-toxic and non-
flammable materials (e.g. steam, hot water, nitrogen, compressed CO2 or compressed
air) from a process, or an undesired event or condition, that under slightly different
circumstances, could have resulted in a release of material. See IOGP Report 456,
Process safety - Recommended practice on Key Performance Indicators.

Secondary containment [From API RP 754]

An impermeable physical barrier specifically designed to mitigate the impact of
materials that have breached primary containment (i.e., an LOPC). Secondary
containment systems include, but are not limited to tank dikes, curbing around process
equipment, open drainage collection systems, trenches, pits, open sumps, the outer wall
of open top double-walled tanks, etc.

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

A summary of 2014-2023 data can be found in Appendix B.

A glossary of terms related to Process Safety Events can be found in Appendix D.

Data collection
Participating IOGP Member Companies were asked to report the number of offshore and onshore Tier 1 and Tier
2 PSEs for both drilling and production, consequences relating to Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSEs, and additional
information about the material released and the operational activities at the time of the release. Note that a
single PSE can result in multiple consequences, so the total number of consequences reported will equal or
exceed the total number of PSEs.

Information was also requested on fatalities that resulted from PSE, i.e., the number of PSEs that resulted in one
or more fatalities, as well as the actual number of fatalities (employees, contractors, or third parties).

Narrative event descriptions

Narrative descriptions of Tier 1 PSE, as well as fatal incidents and high potential events that have been collected
as part of the annual safety performance indicators report and that are process safety events or process safety
related, are published as IOGP Report 2023pfh, Safety performance indicators – Process safety events – 2023
data – Tier 1 PSE, fatal incident, and high potential event reports . Process safety related events are those where
there are significant process safety lessons learned but the criteria for PSE is not met, e.g., equipment not
connected to the process. The intention is to enable feedback on lessons learned from events and to help
organizations categorize process safety events.

The narrative descriptions of fatal incidents and high potential events are submitted separately to the process
safety event data published in this Report, and Tier 1 PSE narratives were not provided for all reported Tier 1
PSE. Therefore, there can be no direct correlation between the narratives and the data published in this Report.

Descriptions and lessons learned for Tier 1 PSE are available at https://data.iogp.org/ProcessSafety/Tier1PSE/.
Fatal incidents that are also Tier 1 PSE are available at https://data.iogp.org/ProcessSafety/FatalIncidents/. High
potential events that are PSE or PSE related are available at
https://data.iogp.org/ProcessSafety/HighPotentialEvents/.

Descriptions and lessons learned for all reported events that had fatal consequences for company or contractor
employees are available at https://data.iogp.org/Safety/FatalIncidents/. High potential events are available at
https://data.iogp.org/Safety/HighPotentialEvents/.

Normalization
Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE have been normalized against work hours associated with process safety events using the
following formula for the PSE Rate. Refer to IOGP Report 456, Part C, for further information.

Data are only included for normalized results where both work hours and process safety event data are reported
for the data set and work function.

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Scope of reporting and data validation

The data requested from participating IOGP Member Companies are published in an annual user guide, which
contains definitions and the scope of the safety data submission. This document is available from the IOGP public
website.

The safety data submission process is used for the collection of data relating to safety performance, process
safety performance, and motor vehicle crashes. The IOGP safety database has built-in data validation
requirements and each company data submission is validated by the IOGP Secretariat and the work group (Safety
Committee, Subcommittee, or Expert Group) responsible for the data set, in accordance with the IOGP data
collection and reporting procedure. Any communication with reporting companies is conducted by the IOGP
Secretariat and any data validated by an IOGP workgroup is blind coded to preserve the anonymity of the
reporting companies.

A self-assessment questionnaire is included within the data submission process to determine the alignment
between the requested data and the company submissions. The information provided in this questionnaire is also
used in the validation process. Data that appear to be incorrect and that cannot be confirmed by the submitting
company as correct may be excluded from the data set at the discretion of the Secretariat.

The scope of data included within this report is detailed in Appendix A.

Data series
Other IOGP data Reports published annually include:

Aviation Safety Data

Environmental Performance Indicators
Health Performance Indicators
Motor Vehicle Crash Data
Safety Performance Indicators Data

These are available from the IOGP data website at https://data.iogp.org/.

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

1. 2023 results

1.1 Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE

The total number of Tier 1 and Tier 2 process safety events reported for 2014-2023 and the normalized rates are
shown in Figure 3, Figure 5, and Table 1. The data include onshore and offshore activities related to production
and drilling operations.

52 companies contributed PSE data in 2023 (vs. 47 in 2022 and 47 in 2021) (see Table 2 and Appendix A). This is in
comparison with 58 companies contributing to the safety performance indicators database in 2023 (51 in 2022
and 50 in 2021).

Figure 3:
Total number of PSE – Tier 1 and Tier 2
1,000
892

795 795
800
715

617 622 620

607
Number of PSE

600 563
536

400

276
254 256 261
218
192 192 184 193 182
200

0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 Tier 2

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Figure 4:
Number of related production + drilling work hours
2,500

1,939

1,939
2,000

1,724
1,712
1,639

1,631

1,604

1,604
1,588
1,522

1,509

1,509
1,495
1,450

1,443

1,440

1,406

1,406
1,500
Million hours

1,096

1,015
1,000

500

0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 hours Tier 2 hours

The data presented in Figure 5 have been normalized using the company-reported work hours associated with
drilling and production operations.

Where companies have not provided work hours for the drilling and production functions specifically, their
reported PSEs and overall work hours have been excluded from the normalized analysis shown in Figure 5. See
Tables B.1 (Tier 1 data) and B.2 (Tier 2 data).

Figure 5:
PSE Rate – Tier 1 and Tier 2
0.60

0.50
0.50
0.44 0.44
0.42
PSE per million work hours

0.39 0.39
0.40 0.38
0.37
0.35

0.31

0.30

0.20
0.16 0.16
0.14 0.14 0.14
0.13
0.12 0.12 0.12
0.11

0.10

0.00
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 Tier 2

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Table 1: Number of reported PSE (2014 - 2023)

Number of PSE Number of PSE for normalized results* PSE rate (PSE per million work hours)*
Year
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2
2014 276 892 227 808 0.14 0.50
2015 254 795 216 700 0.14 0.44
2016 192 715 176 444 0.16 0.44
2017 192 617 187 558 0.13 0.39
2018 256 607 238 555 0.16 0.39
2019 261 795 246 729 0.14 0.42
2020 184 536 173 486 0.12 0.35
2021 193 622 193 614 0.12 0.38
2022 182 563 176 556 0.12 0.37
2023 218 620 217 607 0.11 0.31
Note: For related work hours for normalized results, see Table 2 (Scope – overall results).
*Excludes PSE where no related drilling or production work hours were reported.
Excludes Tier 1 and 2 PSE as a result of sabotage, see Table 3 for sabotage data.

In 2023, reported PSE represented approximately 97% of the drilling and production work hours in the 2023 IOGP
safety database, out of 1,993 million hours (95% in 2022, 97% in 2021, see Table A.1).

Table 2: Scope – overall results (2014 - 2023)

Number of data sets where PSE data
Number of companies reporting PSE Related work hours (millions)*
Year reported
Overall Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2
2011 26 26 20 322 270 971 913
2012 32 32 29 428 426 1,197 1,160
2013 39 39 38 378 375 1,326 1,311
2014 44 44 42 571 547 1,639 1,631
2015 44 44 44 589 586 1,522 1,588
2016 39 39 39 487 481 1,096 1,015
2017 43 43 43 507 513 1,450 1,443
2018 42 42 41 548 533 1,495 1,440
2019 47 47 47 508 507 1,712 1,724
2020 44 44 43 346 346 1,406 1,406
2021 47 47 47 363 363 1,604 1,604
2022 47 47 47 365 365 1,509 1,509
2023 52 52 52 355 355 1,939 1,939
*Only includes drilling and production work hours where companies reported these.
Note: PSE Data Set: A set of data with distinct company, country, and location (onshore/offshore) where PSE data have been entered (i.e., not blank).

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

1.2. Sabotage/wilful damage

Process safety events as a result of sabotage or wilful damage were reported for 2014-2023, but were not
included in the PSE totals or normalized rates since they are a specific subset of PSE.

Table 3: Sabotage/wilful damage – number of reported PSE (2014 - 2023)

Number of PSE related to sabotage or wilful damage
Year
Tier 1 Tier 2
2014 91 49
2015 52 20
2016 18 4
2017 13 0
2018 14 5
2019 20 3
2020 4 4
2021 14 22
2022 4 3
2023 22 3

22 Tier 1 PSE related to sabotage or wilful damage were reported in 2023. 11 of the 22 occurred onshore. All 22
were associated with production operations and 20 resulted in material release.

None of the sabotage/wilful damage PSE reported to date have involved fatalities.

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

1.3 Onshore and offshore

The Tier 1 and Tier 2 data presented below represent production and drilling PSEs and associated work hours.

Figure 6:
Total number of PSE – Tier 1 and Tier 2, onshore and offshore
800
710

664
700
630

600

530
529

485
500
Number of PSE

446
440

434

416
400
275

300
240

226

224
220

183
182

172

171
165

200 161

158
155

148
143

131

120

93

90
78
100
49

47
37

37
36

34

34
30

26

21
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 Onshore Tier 2 Onshore Tier 1 Offshore Tier 2 Offshore

Note: Incudes all reported PSE. PSE where associated work hours were not reported have been excluded from the normalized results shown in Figure 8.

Figure 7:
Number of related production + drilling work hours
1,400
1,250
1,250
1,165
1,152

1,200
1,076
1,076
1,061

1,057

1,037
1,009

992
967
963
960

1,000
926
926

925
925
Million hours

800
716
699

689
689
622

584
584
579

563

560
559
531

528
528

600
482
480

480
480
458
448
381

400
316

200

0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 Onshore Tier 2 Onshore Tier 1 Offshore Tier 2 Offshore

Note: Excludes work hours where Tier 1 or Tier 2 PSE are not reported. Not all companies report Tier 1 or Tier 2 PSE for all countries onshore/offshore.

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Figure 8:
PSE Rate – Tier 1 and Tier 2, onshore and offshore
0.7

0.63

0.6

0.52

0.52
0.51

0.48
0.47
PSE per million work hours

0.5

0.41
0.40

0.40
0.39

0.38
0.37
0.4

0.34
0.30
0.28

0.3

0.24
0.23
0.20

0.20
0.19
0.18

0.18

0.18
0.16

0.16
0.2

0.15
0.14

0.14
0.13

0.13
0.10
0.09

0.07

0.07

0.07
0.06

0.06

0.06
0.1

0.05

0.04
0.0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 Onshore Tier 2 Onshore Tier 1 Offshore Tier 2 Offshore

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

1.4 Tier 1 PSE causal factors

Allocation of ‘causal factors’ to Tier 1 process safety events was introduced as part of the 2014 data request.

To standardize the response, an IOGP list of causal factors and a glossary was provided to the Member
Companies as part of the IOGP User Guide. The causal factors list is divided into two sections:

People (Acts) classifications usually involve either the actions of a person or actions which were required but
not carried out or were incorrectly performed. There are four major categories of actions, with an additional
level of detail under each of the major categories.
Process (Conditions) classifications usually involve some type of physical hazard or organizational aspect out
of the control of the individual. There are five major classification categories, with an additional level of detail
under each of the major categories.

Tier 1 PSE that were the result of sabotage or wilful damager are included in the causal factors analysis.

In 2023:

222 of the 224 Tier 1 PSE descriptions reported were assigned causal factors.
460 causal factors were assigned for the 222 Tier 1 PSE.
Between 1 and 15 causal factors were assigned per incident.

Table 4: Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE (2014 - 2023) (includes sabotage/wilful damage)
Causal factor group 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
PEOPLE (ACTS) 73 115 108 72 66 94 50 59 85 104
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) 174 346 341 313 319 370 250 288 280 356

The causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE are shown below. The highlighted content indicates the top 10 causal
factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE in 2023 compared with the previous 9 years. 5 of the causal factors were in the top
ten for each of the 10 years shown.

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Table 5: Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE (includes sabotage/wilful damage)

Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate maintenance/inspection/testing 30 50 49 60 65 58 68 47 54 59
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate 22 55 42 42 42 63 27 34 50 54
design/specification/management of change
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate/defective 31 32 30 39 48 44 24 63 37 49
tools/equipment/materials/products
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate hazard identification or risk assessment 11 41 40 47 33 46 22 28 24 46
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate work standards/procedures 18 37 44 30 32 40 22 25 28 42
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate communication 13 15 17 9 11 15 10 10 11 20
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate training/competence 15 16 20 21 15 23 13 15 10 20
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Deviation unintentional (by individual or group) 8 29 13 23 8 33 11 15 26 18
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective guards or protective barriers 9 23 26 13 20 14 16 8 16 17
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Improper decision making or lack of judgment 16 30 23 13 16 12 8 11 10 17
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective warning systems/safety devices 10 27 20 10 9 17 18 14 20 13
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Failure to warn of hazard 3 7 12 3 3 9 7 3 5 11
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Lack of attention/distracted by other concerns/stress 14 16 7 7 10 7 6 5 13 10
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate supervision 6 10 15 17 11 20 10 12 10 10
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Improper use/position of 10 9 6 9 5 5 4 4 6 10
tools/equipment/materials/products
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Failure to report/learn from events 1 13 9 4 10 4 3 4 4 10
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Servicing of energized equipment/inadequate 2 3 2 2 4 6 2 1 6 9
energy isolation
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Improper position (in the line of fire) 1 5 5 2 5 1 4 4 6 6
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Equipment or materials not secured 2 1 10 2 3 5 1 2 4 5
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Storms or acts of nature 1 9 14 3 9 11 3 17 11 4
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Hazardous atmosphere (explosive/toxic/asphyxiant) 3 4 3 3 4 4 9 4 3 4
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Improper lifting or loading 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 4
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Poor leadership/organizational culture 3 8 4 9 6 2 2 1 0 4
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Acts of violence 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate security provisions or systems 0 2 3 0 1 2 1 0 2 2
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Inadequate use of safety systems 4 5 10 3 3 7 2 5 1 2
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Overexertion or improper position/posture for task 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Work or motion at improper speed 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Deviation intentional (by individual or group) 7 4 6 1 3 3 0 3 4 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Personal Protective Equipment not used or used improperly 4 1 4 3 1 1 2 2 1 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Fatigue 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective Personal Protective Equipment 0 4 4 2 1 4 0 5 0 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Disabled or removed guards, warning systems or safety devices 1 4 7 3 4 2 3 2 0 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Inadequate surfaces, floors, walkways or roads 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 0 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Congestion, clutter or restricted motion 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Use of drugs or alcohol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Causal factors are listed in order of frequency for 2023. The top 10 causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE for each year are highlighted.

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

1.5 Fatal Incident causal factors

In 2023:

3 of the 4 fatal incidents involving workforce fatalities that have been identified as ‘also Tier 1 PSE’ were
assigned causal factors.
9 causal factors were assigned for the 3 fatal incidents.
Between 2 and 5 causal factors were assigned per incident.

Table 6: Causal factors assigned to fatal incidents

Causal factor group 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
PEOPLE (ACTS) 6 8 12 2 5 1 1 0 8 4
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) 6 21 6 5 7 1 1 0 8 5

A full analysis of the causal factors assigned to fatal incidents in 2023 compared with the previous 10 years is
shown in Appendix B.

Additional information on the fatal incidents reported by region can be found at

https://data.iogp.org/Safety/FatalIncidents/. The information provided includes a narrative description of the
incident, the corrective actions and recommendations, and the causal factors assigned by the reporting company.

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

1.6 High potential event causal factors

In 2023:

All of the 12 high potential events that have been identified as ‘also PSE’ were assigned causal factors.
29 causal factors were assigned for the 12 high potential events.
Between 1 and 4 causal factors were assigned per event.

Table 7: Causal factors assigned to high potential events

Causal factor group 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
PEOPLE (ACTS) 9 4 21 3 9 15 9 7 9 5
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) 41 12 45 25 33 33 33 24 20 24

The causal factors assigned to high potential events in 2023 compared with the previous 10 years are shown in
Appendix B.

Additional information on the high potential events reported by region can be found on the IOGP Data website at
https://data.iogp.org/Safety/HighPotentialEvents/ . The information provided includes a narrative description of
the event, the corrective actions and recommendations and the causal factors assigned by the reporting
company.

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

1.7 Barriers
The allocation of ‘barriers’ to Tier 1 process safety events was requested for the first time as part of the 2014
data submission.

In 2023:

210 of the 224 Tier 1 PSE descriptions reported were assigned barriers.
501 barriers were assigned for the 210 Tier 1 PSE.
Between 1 and 5 barriers were assigned per incident.

Table 8: Barriers assigned to Tier 1 PSE

Barriers assigned to Tier 1 PSE 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
TIER 1 PSE: Hardware Barrier Failures 53 142 179 135 156 170 125 143 163 192
TIER 1 PSE: Human Barrier Failures 42 84 88 74 75 85 57 71 95 93
TIER 1 PSE: Management System Element Barrier Failure 120 185 186 213 180 188 136 142 140 216

The barriers assigned to Tier 1 PSE are shown below. The highlighted content indicates the top 10 barriers
assigned to Tier 1 PSE in 2023 compared with the previous 9 years. 8 of the barriers were in the top ten for each
of the 5 years shown.

Table 9: Barriers allocated to Tier 1 PSE

Barrier 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Hardware Barrier Failures: Process Containment 20 47 76 74 86 102 56 72 82 101
Management System Element Barrier Failure: Asset design and integrity 31 60 56 61 64 49 23 44 50 83
Hardware Barrier Failures: Structural Integrity 14 37 37 34 38 35 31 28 52 61
Management System Element Barrier Failure: Risk assessment and control 27 36 39 42 17 39 32 29 27 49
Human Barrier Failures: Operating in accordance with procedures - PTW, Isolation of equipment, Overrides and 22 48 32 37 37 39 17 35 43 45
inhibits of safety systems, Shift handover, etc.
Management System Element Barrier Failure: Plans and procedures 15 31 34 39 35 24 22 24 25 29
Management System Element Barrier Failure: Execution of activities 23 24 19 29 13 22 19 16 10 28
Human Barrier Failures: Surveillance, operator rounds and routine inspection 6 17 31 20 26 22 26 25 28 21
Management System Element Barrier Failure: Monitoring, reporting and learning 5 5 12 11 16 12 20 12 6 12
Human Barrier Failures: Acceptance of handover or restart of facilities or equipment 6 7 7 10 5 8 4 4 11 11
Hardware Barrier Failures: Ignition Control 2 4 13 0 4 3 6 11 4 11
Management System Element Barrier Failure: Organization, resources and capability 7 7 11 7 9 13 11 7 8 9
Hardware Barrier Failures: Detection Systems 5 16 27 12 12 11 15 7 13 8
Human Barrier Failures: Response to emergencies 4 6 6 0 1 7 3 0 5 7
Hardware Barrier Failures: Shutdown Systems - including operational well isolation and drilling well control 3 15 10 9 6 9 7 14 9 5
equipment
Human Barrier Failures: Response to process alarm and upset conditions (e.g. outside safe envelope) 4 6 11 7 5 8 6 6 8 5
Management System Element Barrier Failure: Policies, standards and objectives 3 18 6 10 21 22 8 7 8 4
Hardware Barrier Failures: Protection Systems - including deluge and fire water systems 5 21 6 4 4 5 7 9 2 4
Human Barrier Failures: Authorization of temporary and mobile equipment 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 4
Hardware Barrier Failures: Emergency Response Equipment and Systems 2 1 7 2 5 5 3 1 1 2
Management System Element Barrier Failure: Commitment and accountability 6 4 4 8 2 0 0 2 6 1
Management System Element Barrier Failure: Assurance, review and improvement 2 0 4 4 3 6 1 0 0 1
Management System Element Barrier Failure: Stakeholders and customers 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 0
Hardware Barrier Failures: Life-Saving Equipment - including evacuation systems 2 1 3 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
Unspecified: Unspecified null null null null null null null null 0 0
Barriers are listed in order of frequency for 2023. The top 10 barriers assigned to Tier 1 PSE for each year are highlighted.
2023: 2 barriers were equal 10th with 11 assigned incidents (11 barriers are highlighted)

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

2. Results by function
Tier 1 and Tier 2 data presented represent both onshore and offshore combined.

2.1 Drilling
Figure 9:
Total number of PSE – Tier 1 and Tier 2, drilling
120
113

100
Number of PSE - drilling

80

60
51
47
42 42
38 37
40 34
32

21
19
20 16
14
12 13
10 10 11
7 6

0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

Tier 1 Tier 2

Note: Incudes all reported PSE. PSE where associated work hours were not reported have been excluded from the normalized results shown in Figure 11.

Figure 10:
Number of related drilling work hours
600
487

487
476
472

500
465

418

387
378

400
Million hours - drilling

341

339

326

326
318

309

307

307
304

295

295
281

300

200

100

0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 hours Tier 2 hours

/ 21
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Figure 11:
PSE Rate – Tier 1 and Tier 2, drilling
0.25
0.23

0.20
PSE per million work hours - drilling

0.15
0.15
0.12
0.11 0.11 0.11

0.10 0.09

0.07
0.06
0.05 0.05
0.05 0.04
0.03 0.03 0.03
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

0.00
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 Tier 2

Figure 12:
Total number of PSE – Tier 1 and Tier 2, drilling – onshore and offshore
80

68
70

60
Number of PSE - drilling

50
45

40
33
31 30 31

30
23 24
22
19 20
18
20 16 16
15 14
11 12 11
10 9 9 9 9 9
8 8
10 7 6 6 6 5
3 3 2 2 3
1 1 0
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 Onshore Tier 2 Onshore Tier 1 Offshore Tier 2 Offshore

Note: Incudes all reported PSE. PSE where associated work hours were not reported have been excluded from the normalized results shown in Figure 14.

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Figure 13:
Number of related drilling work hours
350

301

293
293
300
276
267

258

240
250

229
Million hours - drilling

214
212
206

197

195
195

194
194
193
189

200

179
179
177
174

172
160

153
153
149
148

142
142
150

131
131
128
128
127

127
127

121
116
109

100

50

0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 Onshore Tier 2 Onshore Tier 1 Offshore Tier 2 Offshore

Figure 14:
PSE Rate – Tier 1 and Tier 2, drilling – onshore and offshore
0.30
0.24

0.24

0.25
PSE per million work hours - drilling

0.21

0.20
0.16

0.16

0.15
0.13

0.13

0.12
0.11
0.09

0.09

0.10
0.08

0.08
0.07

0.07
0.06

0.06

0.06
0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05
0.04

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.05
0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03
0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02
0.01

0.01

0.01
0.00

0.00
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 Onshore Tier 2 Onshore Tier 1 Offshore Tier 2 Offshore

/ 23
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

2.2 Production
Figure 15:
Total number of PSE – Tier 1 and Tier 2, production
900

779
800 748 753

681
700
Number of PSE - production

585 578
600 566 569
542
504
500

400

300 257 251

242 243
204
182 176 177 187
200 171

100

0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 Tier 2

Note: Incudes all reported PSE. PSE where associated work hours were not reported have been excluded from the normalized results shown in Figure 17.

Figure 16:
Number of related production work hours
1,600

1,452

1,452
1,337
1,334

1,400
1,278

1,278

1,214

1,214
1,177
1,174

1,159

1,131
1,112

1,108

1,105
1,104

1,099

1,099

1,200
Million hours - production

1,000
792

734

800

600

400

200

0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 hours Tier 2 hours

/ 24
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Figure 17:
PSE Rate – Tier 1 and Tier 2, production
0.70

0.60
0.59
0.60 0.56
PSE per million work hours - production

0.51

0.50 0.46 0.46

0.45 0.45
0.42
0.40
0.40

0.30

0.21
0.19 0.19
0.20 0.18 0.18
0.15 0.15 0.15
0.14 0.14

0.10

0.00
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 Tier 2

Figure 18:
Total number of PSE – Tier 1 and Tier 2, production – onshore and offshore
700
642

634
607

600
498

497
Number of PSE - production

469
500
425

424
414

398

400

300
256
230

215

215
211

166

200
160
152

152
148

145
141

139
137

135

119

106

87

81

100
73

44
41

36
34

32
31

28
27

25

21

0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 Onshore Tier 2 Onshore Tier 1 Offshore Tier 2 Offshore

Note: Incudes all reported PSE. PSE where associated work hours were not reported have been excluded from the normalised results shown in Figure 20.

/ 25
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Figure 19:
Number of related production work hours
1,200

957
957
1,000

926
923

880
880
840
799
785
Million hours - production

772
772
756

754
752

747
747
742

800
701

600 539
527

494
494
442
442
417

411
411
403

397
397
390

356

355
353

352
352
338
400

331
253
208

200

0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 Onshore Tier 2 Onshore Tier 1 Offshore Tier 2 Offshore

Figure 20:
PSE Rate – Tier 1 and Tier 2, production – onshore and offshore
0.76

0.8
0.69

0.7
0.62
PSE per million work hours - production

0.61
0.60

0.56

0.6

0.52
0.48

0.48

0.48
0.47

0.5
0.43

0.42
0.39

0.4
0.32

0.30
0.28

0.3
0.25

0.25

0.24
0.23

0.22

0.22
0.19

0.19

0.18
0.17

0.17

0.17

0.16

0.2
0.13

0.11

0.09

0.09
0.08
0.07

0.07

0.07

0.07

0.1
0.05

0.0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 Onshore Tier 2 Onshore Tier 1 Offshore Tier 2 Offshore

/ 26
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

3. Results by activity
The Tier 1 and Tier 2 data presented in this section represent production operations both onshore and offshore
and are broken down by activity, i.e., whether the event occurred during normal operations, start-up or shutdown.
Drilling results are not split by activity, since this would not be meaningful.

‘Other’ is the category used when the event could not be classified under any of the other headings (start-up,
normal operations or shutdown).

‘Unspecified’ is used for PSE where the activity has not been provided.

/ 27
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

3.1 Tier 1
In 2023, 28 of the companies that reported more than one production PSE provided a breakdown by activity for
Tier 1 PSE.

Figure 21:
Production PSE by activity (2023) - Tier 1

Shut Down: 3.9 %

Other: 8.8 %

Start Up: 8.8 %

Normal Operations: 78.4 %

3.2 Tier 2
In 2023, 33 of the companies that reported more than one production PSE provided a breakdown by activity for
Tier 2 PSE.

Figure 22:
Production PSE by activity (2023) - Tier 2

Unspecified: 0.2 %
Shut Down: 2.8 %
Start Up: 5.0 %

Other: 8.5 %

Normal Operations: 83.6 %

/ 28
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

4. Results by consequence
The Tier 1 and Tier 2 data presented represent both onshore and offshore, and production and drilling, combined.

More than one consequence can be associated with each reported process safety event. The consequence
classifications, extracts from Report 456 - Process safety – recommended practice on key performance
indicators are listed in Table 10. Refer to Report 456 Part E for further information and threshold tables. Report
456 Part F contains examples that can be used as an aid to the interpretation of the guidance.

The analysis in this section shows the consequences assigned to Tier 1 and Tier 2 process safety events. A single
PSE can result in multiple consequences, so the total number of consequences reported will equal or exceed the
total number of PSEs.

/ 29
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Table 10: Consequence classifications (Reference: IOGP Report 456, Part E)

/ 30
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

/ 31
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

4.1 Tier 1
Information was provided on the consequences of individual events for 100% of Tier 1 PSE reported in 2023.

Figure 23:
Consequences assigned to Tier 1 PSE (2023)
as a percentage of total consequences assigned

Community evacuation: 0.9 %

PRD discharges: 6.8 %

Fire or explosion: 8.1 %

Fatality or LWDC: 11.5 %

Material release: 72.6 %

Note: Multiple consequences can be assigned for each PSE.

4.2 Tier 2
Information was provided on the consequences of individual events for 100% of Tier 2 PSE reported in 2023.

Figure 24:
Consequences assigned to Tier 2 PSE (2023)
as a percentage of total consequences assigned

Recordable injury: 1.3 %

Fire or explosion: 8.4 %

PRD discharges: 14.3 %

Material release: 76.0 %

Note: Multiple consequences can be assigned for each PSE.

/ 32
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

4.3 Injury as consequence

In 2023, 4 fatal incidents resulted in 5 workforce fatalities.

Figure 25:
Tier 1 PSE with injury as consequence as a percentage of total reported Tier 1 PSE
14

12
Percentage of total reported Tier 1 PSE

10

0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
PSE resulting in Employee or Contractor fatality or LWDC
PSE resulting in 3rd Party hospitalization or fatality
PSE resulting in fatality

Note: Incudes all reported PSE.

Figure 26:
Number of fatalities
18 17

16

14

12
Number of fatalities

10

8 7

6
6 5 5

4 4
4 3

2 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Employee/Contractor fatalities 3rd Party fatalities

Figure 27 shows the number of fatalities in each fatal Tier 1 PSE reported. Each column represents one fatal
PSE.

/ 33
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Figure 27:

 Definitions

Tier 1 injury:
Injury to employee or contractor: fatality and/or Lost Workday Case (‘days away from
work’ or ‘lost time injury’)
Injury to third party: fatality, or injury/illness that results in a hospital admission

/ 34
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

4.4 Fire or explosion as consequence

Figure 28:
PSE with fire or explosion as consequence as a percentage of the total
reported PSE where information on consequence was reported
14

12
Percentage of total reported Tier 1 PSE

10

8
- fire or explosion*

0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tier 1 Tier 2

* where the consequence was reported.

Note: The Tier 1 threshold for direct cost changed with 2017 data reporting; for 2011 – 2016 data the threshold was $25,000 of direct cost to the Company. The
threshold for Tier 2 is unchanged.

 Definitions

Tier 1 fire:
A fire or explosion resulting in greater than or equal to $100,000 of direct cost to the
Company.

Tier 2 fire:
Tier 2 fire: A fire or explosion resulting in greater than or equal to $2,500 of direct cost to
the Company.

Note: The Tier 1 threshold for direct cost changed with 2017 data reporting; for 2011 –
2016 data the threshold was $25,000 of direct cost to the Company. The threshold for
Tier 2 was unchanged.
See Report 456.

/ 35
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

5. Results by material released

The Tier 1 and Tier 2 data presented represent both onshore and offshore, and production and drilling, combined.

‘Unspecified’ is used for PSE where the type of material released has not been provided.

5.1 Tier 1
In 2023, 28 of the companies that reported one or more Tier 1 PSE provided information on the material released.
Information on the material released was provided for 99% of Tier 1 PSE reported in 2023.

Figure 29:
PSE by material released as a percentage of total reported PSE - Tier 1
100 3.3 0.9
7.3 7.8
12.0 12.5 11.4
14.6 8.8
18.8 20.8
10.9
5.2 3.5
3.9 10.9
Percentage of total reported Tier 1 PSE

35.6
80 6.9 4.2

2.7 54.1
41.7 50.5
60 42.1
41.3 51.3
40.6 39.6
61.7
- by material released

34.1
40

36.5
35.8
20 31.9 32.8 33.2 34.6 34.9
27.5
25.7
21.1

3.5 2.6 4.7 3.3 3.1 2.7 2.3

1.8 1.9
0 1.2

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Toxics Flammable gas Hazardous liquids Other gases Unspecified or not relevant

/ 36
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

5.2 Tier 2
In 2023, 33 of the companies that reported one or more Tier 2 PSE provided information on the material released.
Information on the material released was provided for 100% of Tier 2 PSE reported in 2023.

Figure 30:
PSE by material released as a percentage of total reported PSE - Tier 2
100 1.1
7.1 8.8 7.1 6.9
12.1 7.3
17.3 16.2

12.7 10.1
6.8 17.4
Percentage of total reported Tier 2 PSE

35.9 33.8
80 8.5 12.3

7.0
60.9
60 6.7
46.8 68.5
49.8
41.3 53.0
47.1
- by material released

39.9

32.2
40 37.2

20 33.2
31.5 29.8 28.4 27.9
25.7 27.0
23.6 23.1
21.3

1.5 1.5 1.5 3.2 1.5 1.4 2.8 1.6

0 0.6 1.1 -0.2
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Toxics Flammable gas Hazardous liquids Other gases Unspecified or not relevant

/ 37
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

6. Results by Process Safety Fundamental

The IOGP Process Safety Fundamentals (PSFs) have been developed to support companies as they seek to
reduce, and ultimately eliminate, fatal and high severity process safety events.

Designed to support those working in front-line operations, maintenance, and on wells teams, the IOGP Process
Safety Fundamentals are informed by data and designed to draw attention to situations that are most likely to
lead to process safety event fatalities. They are therefore not intended to exhaustively address all process safety
risks and hazards in the oil and gas industry, but to be deployed in addition to a company’s underlying systems
for process safety management.

For more information see IOGP Report 638, Process Safety Fundamentals.

6.1 Tier 1
Allocation of PSF to Tier 1 process safety events was introduced as part of the 2021 data request. During the
IOGP validation process, a number of these were reassigned for consistency. The reported PSF represents the
primary PSF associated with the PSE since more than one may have applied.

In 2023, 63% of the reported Tier 1 PSE were assigned a Process Safety Fundamental.

Note that PSE associated with mechanical integrity are not typically assigned a Process Safety Fundamental.

Figure 31:
PSE by Process Safety Fundamental (2023) - Tier 1

We stop if the unexpected occurs: 3.6 %

We recognize change: 4.4 %
We apply procedures: 19.0 %
We control ignition sources: 5.8 %

We walk the line: 5.8 %

We maintain safe isolation: 10.2 %

We sustain barriers: 15.3 %

We stay within operating limits: 10.2 %

We watch for weak signals: 13.1 %

We respect hazards: 12.4 %

/ 38
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

7. Results by region
All data submissions are reported by country and are summarized by region. The Tier 1 and Tier 2 data presented
represent both onshore and offshore, and production and overall, combined. Countries and companies that are
subject to international sanctions are not featured in this Report for 2022 and 2023 data.

Figure 32: The seven geographic regions

Figure 33:
Total number of Tier 1 PSE – by region
180
173

160
152

140
Number of Tier 1 PSE

120
101
97

100
92

88
84
83

76

76

80
75
72

58

60
45
43
40

40
34

32

32

30
29

28
26

26
25
24

24
23

22
21
21

21

21

21
20

20

20
19

19

19

18
17

20
15

15

15

15
13

13

13
12

12

12
11
10

10
9

9
8

7
6

6
3

2
2
1

0
Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia South
Australasia East America & &
Central Central
Asia America
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

Note: Incudes all reported PSE. PSE where associated work hours were not reported have been excluded from the normalized results shown in Figure 34.

/ 39
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Figure 34:
Number of Tier 2 PSE – by region
500

480
450

400

366
350
Number of Tier 2 PSE

326

305
299
286
300

256
242
241

232
250

207
200

180
163

141
150

122
116
101

98
95

92
100
88
87

83
81

81

79
74

74
73
70

70
69
68

64
63

59
58
57
56

56

56

52
51
50

50
49

49
48

46
42
41

41

41
50

38
37

34

34

34
31

25

22
21

21
20

19
12

12
11
11

6
0
Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia South
Australasia East America & &
Central Central
Asia America
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

Note: Incudes all reported PSE. PSE where associated work hours were not reported have been excluded from the normalized results shown in Figure 36.

The normalized data presented only include PSE where drilling or production work hours were reported for the
data set in the main safety database, hence some PSE have been excluded. See Tables B.31 – B.40 (Number of
PSE used in normalized analysis – by region and function).

Figure 35:
Tier 1 PSE Rate – PSE per million work hours
0.7
0.59

0.6
0.54
Tier 1 PSE per million work hours

0.52
0.48

0.48

0.5
0.42

0.39
0.38

0.4
0.36
0.35
0.29

0.29

0.29

0.3
0.25

0.20

0.19
0.18

0.2
0.16

0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14

0.14
0.14

0.14
0.13

0.13

0.13
0.12

0.12
0.12

0.12

0.12

0.12

0.12

0.12
0.12
0.12
0.11

0.11

0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09

0.09

0.09

0.09
0.08

0.08

0.08

0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07

0.07

0.07

0.1
0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06
0.05

0.05

0.05
0.04

0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.03
0.02

0.02

0.02
0.02
0.01

0.01
0.00

0.0
Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia South ALL
Australasia East America & & REGIONS
Central Central
Asia America
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

/ 40
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Figure 36:
Tier 2 PSE Rate – PSE per million work hours
1.6

1.48
1.36
1.4

1.29
1.24

1.24
Tier 2 PSE per million work hours

1.16
1.16

1.13
1.2

0.94
1.0

0.88
0.84
0.78

0.75
0.8

0.69
0.67

0.60
0.54
0.53
0.6

0.50

0.50
0.49
0.47
0.46

0.45

0.44
0.44
0.43

0.42

0.42
0.41

0.39

0.39
0.39
0.38

0.38
0.37

0.37

0.37
0.35
0.34
0.4
0.32

0.31

0.31
0.29
0.28

0.28
0.27

0.27

0.26

0.26
0.25
0.23

0.23
0.22

0.22
0.21

0.20
0.19
0.18

0.17
0.16

0.15
0.14

0.14

0.14

0.14

0.14
0.13

0.2
0.12

0.12

0.12

0.12

0.12

0.11
0.10

0.09

0.08
0.06

0.06
0.04
0.0
Africa Asia/ Europe Middle North Russia South ALL
Australasia East America & & REGIONS
Central Central
Asia America
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

Figure 37:
Related work hours for Tier 1 PSE analyses 2023 - by region, overall

South & Central America: 14 % Africa: 11 %

Russia & Central Asia: 6 %

Asia / Australasia: 18 %

North America: 13 %

Europe: 9 %

Middle East: 29 %

/ 41
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Figure 38:
Related work hours for Tier 1 PSE analyses 2023 - by region, onshore

South & Central America: 11 % Africa: 13 %

Russia & Central Asia: 7 %

Asia / Australasia: 12 %

North America: 17 %
Europe: 7 %

Middle East: 33 %

Figure 39:
Related work hours for Tier 1 PSE analyses 2023 - by region, offshore

Africa: 10 %
South & Central America: 18 %

Russia & Central Asia: 4 %

Asia / Australasia: 28 %
North America: 5 %

Middle East: 23 %

Europe: 12 %

/ 42
 Tier 2 PSE per million work hours Tier 1 PSE per million work hours
- drilling overall - drilling overall

Figure 41:
Figure 40:

0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.13
7.1 Drilling

0.10 0.03
0.03 0.02
0.02 0.00
0.05 0.04
0.10 0.07
0.00 0.02

Africa
0.00

Africa
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.02 0.00
0.04
0.10
0.03 0.04

2014
2014
0.04 0.00
0.05 0.00
0.12 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00

Asia/
0.02

Asia/
0.03 0.00
0.00

2015
2015

Australasia
0.02
0.00

Australasia
0.03
0.01
0.35
0.21 0.02
0.24 0.00
0.39 0.09

2016
2016
0.21 0.09
0.13 0.06
0.10 0.00
0.00

Europe
0.08

Europe
0.04
0.09
0.06
0.06
0.00

2017
2017
0.11
0.00
0.03
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.01

2018
2018
0.00

East
0.02

East

Middle
0.02

Middle
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

0.40

/ 43
0.07

2019
2019
0.09 0.05
0.30 0.02
0.24 0.07
0.16 0.04
0.28 0.09

North
0.12
North
0.05

America
0.18

2020
2020
America
0.03
0.05 0.03

Tier 2 PSE Rate – drilling overall

Tier 1 PSE Rate – drilling overall

0.17 0.05
0.06 0.03
0.03 0.06
0.08 0.00

2021
2021
0.09 0.00
0.06 0.00

&
&

0.00 0.00

Asia
Asia

0.00 0.00

Russia

Central
Russia

Central

0.00 0.07
0.08 0.00
0.00

2022
2022

0.07
0.18 0.00
0.21 0.03
0.11 0.11
0.33 0.10
0.26 0.08

&

2023
2023
&

0.17 0.04
0.20

South
0.04
South

Central
Central

America
0.42
America

0.05
0.15 0.04
0.24 0.10
0.23 0.04
0.09 0.02
0.11 0.03
0.15 0.05
0.12 0.03
0.11 0.02

ALL
ALL

0.07 0.02
0.11 0.02

REGIONS
REGIONS

0.05 0.02
0.06 0.03
 Tier 1 PSE per million work hours Tier 1 PSE per million work hours
- drilling onshore - drilling onshore

Figure 43:
Figure 42:

0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18

0.03 0.03
0.03 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.09 0.00
0.06 0.08
0.00 0.05
0.00 0.00

Africa
Africa
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.05 0.04

0.05 0.04

2014
2014
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00

Asia/
Asia/
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00

2015
2015
0.00 0.00

Australasia
Australasia
0.02 0.00

0.00 0.04
0.00 0.00
0.14 0.00

2016
2016
0.17 0.00
0.06 0.05
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00

Europe
Europe
0.00 0.11
0.11 0.00
0.00 0.00

2017
2017
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.02
0.00 0.06
0.00 0.03
0.00 0.00

2018
2018
0.00 0.00

East
East
0.00 0.03

Middle
Middle

0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

/ 44
0.09 0.06

2019
2019
0.06 0.04
0.00 0.04
0.00 0.09
0.00 0.05
0.05 0.10

North
North

0.00 0.08

2020
2020

America
America

0.00 0.05
0.00 0.04

Tier 1 PSE Rate – drilling offshore

Tier 1 PSE Rate – drilling onshore

0.00 0.07

0.00 0.04
0.00 0.08
0.00 0.00

2021
2021

0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00

&
&

0.00 0.00

Asia
Asia

0.00 0.00

Russia
Russia

Central
Central

0.00 0.10
0.00 0.00

2022
2022

0.00 0.11

0.00 0.00
0.00 0.04
0.00 0.14
0.14 0.07
0.00 0.15

2023
2023

&
&

0.00 0.06
0.04 0.04

South
South

Central
Central

America
America

0.00 0.07
0.00 0.08
0.03 0.19

0.05 0.04
0.02 0.03
0.02 0.04
0.06 0.04
0.02 0.05
0.01 0.03

ALL
ALL

0.01 0.03
0.00 0.03

REGIONS
REGIONS

0.01 0.02
0.02 0.03
 Tier 2 PSE per million work hours Tier 2 PSE per million work hours
- drilling offshore - drilling onshore

Figure 45:
Figure 44:

0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.24 0.00
0.16 0.00
0.05 0.00
0.00 0.04
0.07 0.05
0.10 0.09
0.00 0.00

Africa
Africa
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.05 0.00

0.17 0.03
0.04 0.02

2014
2014
0.05 0.04
0.07 0.04
0.14 0.08
0.00 0.00

Asia/
Asia/
0.02 0.00
0.05 0.00

2015
2015

Australasia
Australasia
0.02 0.00
0.04 0.00

0.52 0.11
0.38 0.00
0.38 0.00
0.76 0.00

2016
2016
0.43 0.00
0.27 0.00
0.20 0.00

Europe
Europe
0.13 0.00
0.17 0.00
0.06 0.07

2017
2017
0.00 0.13
0.00 0.04
0.06 0.03
0.00 0.02
0.00 0.02
0.00 0.01

2018
2018

East
East
0.00 0.03

Middle
Middle

0.00 0.01
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

0.14 0.61

/ 45
Note: Drilling PSE Rate excludes PSE where no related drilling work hours were reported.
2019
2019
0.07 0.10
0.25 0.33

See Tables B.31 – B.40 (Number of PSE used in normalized analysis – by region and function).
0.17 0.27
0.00 0.23
0.05 0.38

North
North

0.06 0.15

America
America

0.07 0.25

2020
2020

0.00 0.08
0.06 0.22

Tier 2 PSE Rate – drilling offshore

Tier 2 PSE Rate – drilling onshore

0.30 0.00
0.00 0.04
0.17 0.00

2021
2021

0.10 0.08
0.15 0.00

&
&

0.00 0.00

Asia
Asia

0.00 0.00

Russia
Russia

Central
Central

0.00 0.00
0.18 0.00
0.00 0.00

2022
2022

0.17 0.18
0.18 0.22
0.00 0.15
0.57 0.15
0.14 0.37

&
&

2023
2023

0.20 0.16
0.27 0.14

South
South

Central
Central

America
America

0.06 0.57
0.00 0.26
0.12 0.38

0.21 0.24
0.13 0.07
0.16 0.08
0.24 0.09
0.13 0.11
0.08 0.12

ALL
ALL

0.09 0.06
0.05 0.16

REGIONS
REGIONS

0.04 0.06
0.05 0.07
 Tier 2 PSE per million work hours Tier 1 PSE per million work hours
- production overall - production overall

Figure 47:
Figure 46:

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9

0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0.32 0.18
0.35 0.19
0.29 0.16
0.39 0.17
0.32 0.11
0.30 0.06
7.2 Production

0.14

Africa
0.29

Africa
0.26 0.14
0.19 0.11
0.17 0.06

0.22 0.08
0.28 0.09

2014
2014
0.28 0.11
0.46 0.16
0.26 0.04
0.12 0.04

Asia/
0.04

Asia/
0.17
0.16 0.02

Australasia
0.04

2015
2015

Australasia
0.14
0.07 0.03

0.51 0.11
0.54 0.11
0.46 0.14
0.44 0.08

2016
2016
0.54 0.13
0.30 0.10
0.45 0.10

Europe

Europe
0.39 0.07
0.16 0.14
0.13 0.07

2017
2017
0.37 0.11
0.39 0.07
0.30 0.18
0.16 0.05
0.26 0.09
0.16 0.08

2018
2018
East

East
0.35 0.16

Middle

Middle
0.19 0.04
0.06 0.01
0.14 0.06
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

0.95 0.33

/ 46
0.39

2019
2019
0.77
1.58 0.57
1.64 0.54
1.63 0.69
1.69 0.53
North
0.77

North
1.85
America
0.57

America
1.75

2020
2020
1.65 0.43
1.42 0.43

Tier 2 PSE Rate – production overall

Tier 1 PSE Rate – production overall

1.12 0.02
0.90 0.06
0.15 0.02

2021
2021
0.07 0.03
0.13 0.61
&

&
1.03 0.70
Asia

Asia
0.07 0.01
Russia

Russia
Central

Central
0.16 0.04
0.11 0.02
0.19 0.01

2022
2022

0.66 0.10
1.31 0.29
1.02 0.37
0.38 0.13
0.42 0.09
&

&

2023
2023

0.64 0.12
0.49 0.11
South

South
Central

Central
America

0.22

America
0.53
0.71 0.23
0.81 0.34

0.60 0.18
0.59 0.19
0.56 0.21
0.46 0.15
0.46 0.19
0.51 0.18
ALL

ALL
0.42 0.15
0.45 0.15
REGIONS

REGIONS
0.45 0.14
0.40 0.14
 Tier 1 PSE per million work hours Tier 1 PSE per million work hours
- production offshore - production onshore

Figure 49:
Figure 48:

0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.13 0.20
0.33 0.15
0.15 0.17
0.30 0.14
0.13 0.11
0.19 0.02
0.31 0.10

Africa
Africa
0.19 0.13
0.14 0.10
0.20 0.02

0.08 0.08
0.02 0.15

2014
2014
0.05 0.17
0.13 0.18
0.07 0.01
0.05 0.03

Asia/
Asia/
0.02 0.05
0.01 0.04

2015
2015

Australasia
Australasia
0.03 0.05
0.03 0.02

0.11 0.12
0.14 0.08
0.20 0.07
0.09 0.08

2016
2016
0.10 0.16
0.11 0.08
0.06 0.13

Europe
Europe
0.06 0.07
0.18 0.09
0.04 0.09

2017
2017
0.00 0.13
0.07 0.07
0.32 0.17
0.06 0.05
0.05 0.10
0.02 0.10

2018
2018

East
East
0.00 0.24

Middle
Middle

0.00 0.06
0.00 0.01
0.06 0.05
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

0.04 0.53

/ 47
2019
2019
0.03 0.74
0.20 0.64
0.06 0.63
0.25 0.75
0.06 0.59

North
North

0.19 0.86

America
America

0.40 0.58

2020
2020

0.00 0.46
0.06 0.47

0.00 0.03
Tier 1 PSE Rate – production onshore

Tier 1 PSE Rate – production offshore

0.00 0.07
0.00 0.02

2021
2021

0.00 0.04
0.00 0.77

&
&

0.00 0.78

Asia
Asia

0.00 0.01

Russia
Russia

Central
Central

0.00 0.05
0.03 0.02
0.00 0.01

2022
2022

0.00 0.12
0.11 0.33
0.45 0.35
0.11 0.14
0.07 0.11

&
&

2023
2023

0.14 0.10
0.11 0.12

South
South

Central
Central

America
America

0.06 0.33
0.11 0.32
0.22 0.44

0.07 0.23
0.07 0.25
0.13 0.25
0.11 0.17
0.08 0.24
0.09 0.22

ALL
ALL

0.07 0.19
0.05 0.19

REGIONS
REGIONS

0.07 0.18
0.09 0.17
 Tier 2 PSE per million work hours Tier 2 PSE per million work hours
- production offshore - production onshore

Figure 51:
Figure 50:

0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
0.73 0.20
0.77 0.22
0.44 0.23
0.57 0.35
0.69 0.23
0.44 0.26
0.53 0.24

Africa
Africa
0.35 0.23
0.30 0.15
0.44 0.08

0.19 0.24
0.34 0.25

2014
2014
0.30 0.26
0.69 0.27
0.32 0.20
0.14 0.10

Asia/
Asia/
0.21 0.12
0.15 0.17

2015
2015

Australasia
Australasia
0.12 0.16
0.06 0.08

0.68 0.30
0.75 0.32
0.74 0.19
0.50 0.37

2016
2016
0.70 0.38
0.36 0.23
0.38 0.50

Europe
Europe
0.40 0.38
0.14 0.18
0.11 0.15

2017
2017
0.35 0.38
0.28 0.41
0.32 0.30
0.11 0.18
0.05 0.29
0.07 0.20

2018
2018

East
East
0.07 0.48

Middle
Middle

0.01 0.26
0.07 0.05
0.05 0.18
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

0.11 1.52

/ 48
2019
2019
0.14 1.21
0.59 1.78

See Tables B.31 – B.40 (Number of PSE used in normalized analysis – by region and function).
0.56 1.83
0.75 1.76
0.57 1.83

Note: Production PSE Rate excludes PSE where no related production work hours were reported.
North
North

0.48 2.05

America
America

0.69 1.82

2020
2020

0.24 1.76
0.39 1.52

0.19 1.41
Tier 2 PSE Rate – production onshore

Tier 2 PSE Rate – production offshore

0.16 1.09
0.06 0.19

2021
2021

0.11 0.07
0.00 0.20

&
&

0.18 1.13

Asia
Asia

0.67 0.04

Russia
Russia

Central
Central

0.27 0.15
0.14 0.09
0.25 0.17

2022
2022

0.46 0.72
1.06 1.37
0.90 1.04
0.36 0.39
0.45 0.39

&
&

2023
2023

0.48 0.73
0.49 0.49

South
South

Central
Central

America
America

0.25 0.73
0.27 1.06
0.30 1.22

0.32 0.76
0.39 0.69
0.48 0.60
0.43 0.47
0.42 0.48
0.28 0.62

ALL
ALL

0.30 0.48
0.22 0.56

REGIONS
REGIONS

0.17 0.61
0.16 0.52
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

8. Company results
Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE rates are shown by company in rank order of Tier 1 PSE performance. Company names
have been replaced with a 2-letter code. A new code is assigned every year.

Data are excluded from PSE rate calculations where either drilling or production work hours are not reported for
the data set.

‘Overall’ refers to the rate for all companies.

Figure 52:
Performance ranking of participating companies – PSE rate 2023
3.55

1.4

1.2
PSE per million work hours

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
BL

PL
GO

LK

OG

JU
JC

XL
FW

DM
EI

TP
TA
DF

EP

LQ

BV

XV

EE

SB

PS

OL

SK
TH
PU

SC

HV
HB

KH

VR

HS
GI

EC

SD

VC
XG

OY

FJ

GK
GP
KG
KO

OP
OV
MV

WL

JX

PJ
QC

JB

VJ
YJ
Company code

Tier 1 PSE rate Tier 2 PSE rate 2023 Tier 1 Overall (0.11) 2023 Tier 2 Overall (0.31)

Figure 53:
Performance ranking of participating companies reporting more than 20 million work hours
- PSE rate 2023
4.0

3.5
PSE per million work hours

3.0
- related hours >20 million

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
GO

LK

XL
FW

TP
TA

EP

XV

EE

SB
PU

SC

HV

HB

KH
FJ

GP
MV

WL

JX

JB

Company code

Tier 1 PSE rate Tier 2 PSE rate 2023 Tier 1 Overall (0.11) 2023 Tier 2 Overall (0.32)

/ 49
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Figure 54:
Performance ranking of participating companies reporting less than 20 million work hours
- PSE rate 2023
1.4

1.2
PSE per million work hours
- related hours ≤ 20 million

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
BL

PL

OG

JU
JC

DM
EI
DF

LQ

BV

PS

OL

SK
TH
VR

HS
GI

EC

SD

VC
XG

OY

GK
KG
KO

OP
OV
PJ
QC

VJ
YJ
Company code

Tier 1 PSE rate Tier 2 PSE rate 2023 Tier 1 Overall (0.13) 2023 Tier 2 Overall (0.28)

/ 50
IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Appendix A - Database dimensions

The PSE data collected by IOGP are based on the numbers of Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE reported by companies,
separately for drilling and production activities, and subdivided into offshore and onshore data.

PSE relating to sabotage or wilful damage are excluded from the results presented in Sections 1–7, but are
reported separately in Section 1.2.

Countries and companies that are subject to international sanctions are not featured in this Report for 2022 and
2023 data.

The entire IOGP safety performance database, which is used to produce the annual Safety performance
indicators report (IOGP Report 2023s), contains work hours which are split into offshore and onshore work hours
and five work function categories (defined in the glossary of terms in IOGP Report 2023s - Safety performance
indicators - 2023 data as work functions):

exploration
drilling
production
construction
unspecified

For the purposes of the process safety event database, the only applicable functional categories from the entire
IOGP safety performance database are drilling and production, onshore and offshore. The work hours associated
with PSEs reported in 2014-2023 for drilling and production, onshore and offshore, are shown in Table A.1, below.

Table A.1: Database

Number of companies reporting PSE Data sets where PSE data reported Related work hours (millions)
Year Overall Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2
2011 26 26 20 322 270 971 913
2012 32 32 29 428 426 1,197 1,160
2013 39 39 38 378 375 1,326 1,311
2014 44 44 42 571 547 1,639 1,631
2015 44 44 44 589 586 1,522 1,588
2016 39 39 39 487 481 1,096 1,015
2017 43 43 43 507 513 1,450 1,443
2018 42 42 41 548 533 1,495 1,440
2019 47 47 47 508 507 1,712 1,724
2020 44 44 43 346 346 1,406 1,406
2021 47 47 47 363 363 1,604 1,604
2022 47 47 47 365 365 1,509 1,509
2023 52 52 52 355 355 1,939 1,939
PSE Data Set: A set of data with distinct company, country, and location (onshore/offshore) where PSE data have been entered (i.e., not blank).

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Table A.2: Work hours related to datasets where either Tier 1 or Tier 2 PSE were reported
ONSHORE Work hours in PSE reporting database (‘000s)
Year Drilling Production Total
2014 277,704 784,652 1,062,356
2015 308,974 764,793 1,073,767
2016 176,569 538,959 715,528
2017 213,760 753,564 967,324
2018 197,136 839,533 1,036,669
2019 239,913 926,493 1,166,406
2020 179,284 746,991 926,275
2021 195,393 880,279 1,075,672
2022 152,980 772,140 925,120
2023 292,694 957,336 1,250,030

OFFSHORE Work hours in PSE reporting database (‘000s)

Year Drilling Production Total
2014 209,049 431,834 640,883
2015 194,746 402,807 597,553
2016 127,434 253,391 380,825
2017 127,431 354,782 482,213
2018 120,748 337,548 458,296
2019 150,527 410,892 561,419
2020 127,912 352,271 480,183
2021 130,567 397,290 527,857
2022 141,909 442,247 584,156
2023 194,382 494,415 688,797

OVERALL Work hours in PSE reporting database (‘000s)

Year Drilling Production Total
2014 486,753 1,216,486 1,703,239
2015 503,720 1,167,600 1,671,320
2016 304,003 792,350 1,096,353
2017 341,191 1,108,346 1,449,537
2018 317,884 1,177,081 1,494,965
2019 390,440 1,337,385 1,727,825
2020 307,196 1,099,262 1,406,458
2021 325,960 1,277,569 1,603,529
2022 294,889 1,214,387 1,509,276
2023 487,076 1,451,751 1,938,827

The work hours associated with the PSE data reported have been calculated as a subset of the drilling and
production function work hours from the safety performance database (see IOGP Report 2023s - Safety
performance indicators – 2023 data) which have been reported for 2014-2023. Work hours have been used as a
reference to provide an indication of scope for the PSE data presented throughout this Report.

Work hours have been included where the company has reported associated Tier 1 or Tier 2 PSE (PSE values of
zero or greater), for the country and onshore/offshore location (data set). Work hours are excluded for data sets
where Tier 1 or Tier 2 PSE figures are not available. The associated work hours differ between Tier 1 and Tier 2
because, although all companies reported both Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE data, not all companies reported PSE data
for all of their global operations.

Some companies that reported PSE data do not split work hours by work function. The reported PSEs and work
hours associated with these companies have therefore been excluded from the normalized analysis. Table A.3
shows the number of data sets reported that include Tier 1 or Tier 2 data as well as related drilling or production
work hours.

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Table A.3: Number of data sets

Tier 1 PSE data sets Tier 2 PSE data sets
Total PSE data By By
Year Tier 1 Total By activity By material Tier 2 Total By activity By material
sets consequence consequence
2014 574 571 60 59 68 547 109 119 124
2015 594 589 57 58 62 586 113 113 117
2016 491 487 52 51 61 481 88 88 91
2017 517 507 63 63 70 513 100 99 103
2018 548 548 50 51 59 533 87 87 87
2019 510 508 50 55 63 507 88 90 107
2020 347 346 54 48 55 346 100 96 101
2021 363 363 53 46 53 363 91 86 91
2022 365 365 47 45 47 365 72 70 72
2023 355 355 53 51 53 355 77 76 77
Note: a correction was made to the number of data sets reported in 2019 compared with previously published figures.
Excludes data sets where related drilling or production work hours were not reported.

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Appendix B - Data tables

The following data are presented in relation to the sections where they were used.

Section 1 Overall results

Table B.1: Summary of data - Tier 1
3rd party
Employee /
Number of Tier 1 3rd party hospitalization or
Contractor Fatality or LWDC as
Work hours PSE for Number of Tier 1 PSE fatalities fatality as
Year Location fatalities consequence
(thousands) normalized Tier 1 PSE rate (number of consequence
(number of (number of PSE)
results* deaths) (number of Tier 1
deaths)
PSE)
2014 Onshore 1,060,825 192 240 0.18 4 0 17 0
2014 Offshore 578,614 35 36 0.06 3 0 2 0
2014 OVERALL 1,639,439 227 276 0.14 7 0 19 0
2015 Onshore 959,741 183 220 0.19 10 0 17 0
2015 Offshore 562,681 33 34 0.06 7 0 6 0
2015 OVERALL 1,522,422 216 254 0.14 17 0 23 0
2016 Onshore 715,528 140 155 0.20 6 0 16 1
2016 Offshore 380,825 36 37 0.09 0 0 1 0
2016 OVERALL 1,096,353 176 192 0.16 6 0 17 1
2017 Onshore 967,324 139 143 0.14 1 0 10 0
2017 Offshore 482,213 48 49 0.10 4 0 6 0
2017 OVERALL 1,449,537 187 192 0.13 5 0 16 0
2018 Onshore 1,036,669 208 226 0.20 4 0 9 0
2018 Offshore 458,296 30 30 0.07 0 1 0 1
2018 OVERALL 1,494,965 238 256 0.16 4 1 9 1
2019 Onshore 1,151,997 209 224 0.18 1 0 7 1
2019 Offshore 560,004 37 37 0.07 0 0 3 0
2019 OVERALL 1,712,001 246 261 0.14 1 0 10 1
2020 Onshore 926,275 147 158 0.16 3 0 9 3
2020 Offshore 480,183 26 26 0.05 0 0 2 0
2020 OVERALL 1,406,458 173 184 0.12 3 0 11 3
2021 Onshore 1,075,672 172 172 0.16 0 0 10 1
2021 Offshore 527,857 21 21 0.04 0 0 3 0
2021 OVERALL 1,603,529 193 193 0.12 0 0 13 1
2022 Onshore 925,120 142 148 0.15 3 0 11 0
2022 Offshore 584,156 34 34 0.06 1 0 5 0
2022 OVERALL 1,509,276 176 182 0.12 4 0 16 0
2023 Onshore 1,250,030 170 171 0.14 5 0 18 0
2023 Offshore 688,797 47 47 0.07 0 0 9 0
2023 OVERALL 1,938,827 217 218 0.11 5 0 27 0
* Excludes PSE where no related drilling or production work hours were reported.

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Table B.2: Summary of data - Tier 2

Recordable injury as
Onshore / Number of Tier 2 PSE
Year Work hours (thousands) Number of Tier 2 PSE Tier 2 PSE rate consequence fatalities
offshore for normalized results*
(number Tier 2 PSE)
2014 Onshore 1,008,833 632 710 0.63 11
2014 Offshore 622,493 176 182 0.28 1
2014 OVERALL 1,631,326 808 892 0.50 12
2015 Onshore 1,057,082 540 630 0.51 12
2015 Offshore 530,627 160 165 0.30 2
2015 OVERALL 1,587,709 700 795 0.44 14
2016 Onshore 698,509 327 440 0.47 7
2016 Offshore 316,095 117 275 0.37 1
2016 OVERALL 1,014,604 444 715 0.44 8
2017 Onshore 963,467 376 434 0.39 4
2017 Offshore 479,994 182 183 0.38 2
2017 OVERALL 1,443,461 558 617 0.39 6
2018 Onshore 991,925 401 446 0.40 7
2018 Offshore 447,719 154 161 0.34 2
2018 OVERALL 1,439,644 555 607 0.39 9
2019 Onshore 1,165,376 601 664 0.52 4
2019 Offshore 558,639 128 131 0.23 4
2019 OVERALL 1,724,015 729 795 0.42 8
2020 Onshore 926,275 370 416 0.40 1
2020 Offshore 480,183 116 120 0.24 1
2020 OVERALL 1,406,458 486 536 0.35 2
2021 Onshore 1,075,672 521 529 0.48 7
2021 Offshore 527,857 93 93 0.18 4
2021 OVERALL 1,603,529 614 622 0.38 11
2022 Onshore 925,120 478 485 0.52 7
2022 Offshore 584,156 78 78 0.13 6
2022 OVERALL 1,509,276 556 563 0.37 13
2023 Onshore 1,250,030 517 530 0.41 7
2023 Offshore 688,797 90 90 0.13 1
2023 OVERALL 1,938,827 607 620 0.31 8
* Excludes PSE where no related drilling or production work hours were reported.

Table B.3: Number of PSE and PSE Rate onshore and offshore
Number of PSE for normalized PSE rate (PSE per million work
Number of PSE
Year Onshore/offshore results* hours)*
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2
2014 Onshore 240 710 192 632 0.18 0.63
2014 Offshore 36 182 35 176 0.06 0.28
2015 Onshore 220 630 183 540 0.19 0.51
2015 Offshore 34 165 33 160 0.06 0.30
2016 Onshore 155 440 140 327 0.20 0.47
2016 Offshore 37 275 36 117 0.09 0.37
2017 Onshore 143 434 139 376 0.14 0.39
2017 Offshore 49 183 48 182 0.10 0.38
2018 Onshore 226 446 208 401 0.20 0.40
2018 Offshore 30 161 30 154 0.07 0.34
2019 Onshore 224 664 209 601 0.18 0.52
2019 Offshore 37 131 37 128 0.07 0.23
2020 Onshore 158 416 147 370 0.16 0.40
2020 Offshore 26 120 26 116 0.05 0.24
2021 Onshore 172 529 172 521 0.16 0.48
2021 Offshore 21 93 21 93 0.04 0.18
2022 Onshore 148 485 142 478 0.15 0.52
2022 Offshore 34 78 34 78 0.06 0.13
2023 Onshore 171 530 170 517 0.14 0.41
2023 Offshore 47 90 47 90 0.07 0.13
* Excludes PSE where work hours were not categorized as drilling or production (i.e., work hours were not specified by function).
For related work hours for normalized results, see Table B.4 (Scope – onshore and offshore).

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Table B.4: Scope - onshore and offshore

Work hours for PSE data as
Number of companies Number of data sets where
Related work hours (millions)* percentage of total IOGP
Year Onshore/offshore reporting PSE PSE data reported
safety*
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2
2014 Onshore 44 42 404 388 1,061 1,009 75 71
2014 Offshore 41 37 167 159 579 622 63 68
2015 Onshore 43 44 431 430 960 1,057 80 88
2015 Offshore 42 41 158 156 563 531 85 80
2016 Onshore 39 39 360 353 716 699 81 79
2016 Offshore 37 38 127 128 381 316 67 56
2017 Onshore 43 43 350 357 967 963 92 92
2017 Offshore 41 40 157 156 482 480 86 86
2018 Onshore 42 41 374 365 1,037 992 92 88
2018 Offshore 41 38 174 168 458 448 86 84
2019 Onshore 47 47 359 358 1,152 1,165 98 99
2019 Offshore 44 44 149 149 560 559 99 99
2020 Onshore 40 39 217 216 926 926 98 98
2020 Offshore 34 34 129 130 480 480 100 100
2021 Onshore 44 44 227 227 1,076 1,076 96 96
2021 Offshore 36 36 136 136 528 528 100 100
2022 Onshore 45 45 220 220 925 925 93 93
2022 Offshore 39 39 145 145 584 584 98 98
2023 Onshore 49 49 218 218 1,250 1,250 96 96
2023 Offshore 41 41 137 137 689 689 100 100
* Work hours for PSE data as percentage of total drilling + production work hours in entire IOGP safety database (complete reporting of PSE data would return
100%).
Note: Not all of the companies that submitted drilling and production work hours within the IOGP safety performance database submitted process safety event
data. A number less than 100% in the table above indicates that process safety events are not reported for all drilling and production work hours in the entire
safety database.
PSE Data Set: A set of data with distinct company, country and location (onshore/offshore) where PSE data have been entered (i.e., not blank).

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Table B.5: Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE – onshore

Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE – onshore 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate
15 50 37 29 30 49 21 24 37 42
design/specification/management of change
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate
24 43 37 41 52 46 58 41 42 41
maintenance/inspection/testing
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate/defective
27 21 18 23 42 33 20 56 32 34
tools/equipment/materials/products
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate hazard identification or risk assessment 10 34 31 28 19 31 18 22 15 29
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate work standards/procedures 12 29 30 17 23 31 18 21 19 26
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate communication 9 13 11 7 9 13 6 7 5 18
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Deviation unintentional (by individual or group) 6 27 13 12 4 23 9 12 13 15
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Improper decision making or lack of judgment 10 28 17 6 11 11 8 9 8 12
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective warning systems/safety devices 4 24 17 5 6 10 14 11 15 10
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective guards or protective barriers 6 22 19 8 15 8 10 8 14 10
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate training/competence 11 14 12 11 10 12 10 11 8 10
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Improper use/position of
9 9 6 5 4 4 3 3 5 10
tools/equipment/materials/products
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Lack of attention/distracted by other concerns/stress 9 15 4 4 6 5 5 1 8 9
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Failure to warn of hazard 3 6 8 2 3 7 7 2 4 9
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate supervision 6 10 8 10 8 13 7 10 8 6
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Servicing of energized
2 3 2 1 3 4 2 0 4 6
equipment/inadequate energy isolation
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Storms or acts of nature 1 9 14 1 9 11 3 16 11 4
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Improper position (in the line of fire) 1 4 3 1 5 0 3 4 3 4
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Equipment or materials not secured 2 1 9 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Improper lifting or loading 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 4
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Acts of violence 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Hazardous atmosphere (explosive/toxic/asphyxiant) 3 4 3 3 4 4 7 3 3 3
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Poor leadership/organizational culture 2 7 4 3 4 1 0 1 0 3
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Inadequate use of safety systems 2 5 5 2 3 5 1 4 1 2
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Failure to report/learn from events 1 13 6 2 6 4 1 2 1 2
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate security provisions or systems 0 2 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 2
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Deviation intentional (by individual or group) 6 4 6 1 2 3 0 3 3 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Overexertion or improper position/posture for task 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective Personal Protective Equipment 0 2 2 0 1 3 0 3 0 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Personal Protective Equipment not used or used improperly 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 0 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Inadequate surfaces, floors, walkways or roads 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 1 0 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Work or motion at improper speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Disabled or removed guards, warning systems or safety
1 3 5 2 3 2 3 1 0 0
devices
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Congestion, clutter or restricted motion 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Fatigue 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Use of drugs or alcohol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Table B.6: Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE – offshore

Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE – offshore 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate
6 7 12 19 13 12 10 6 12 18
maintenance/inspection/testing
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate hazard identification or risk assessment 1 7 9 19 14 15 4 6 9 17
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate work standards/procedures 6 8 14 13 9 9 4 4 9 16
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate/defective
4 11 12 16 6 11 4 7 5 15
tools/equipment/materials/products
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate
7 5 5 13 12 14 6 10 13 12
design/specification/management of change
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate training/competence 4 2 8 10 5 11 3 4 2 10
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Failure to report/learn from events 0 0 3 2 4 0 2 2 3 8
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective guards or protective barriers 3 1 7 5 5 6 6 0 2 7
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Improper decision making or lack of judgment 6 2 6 7 5 1 0 2 2 5
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate supervision 0 0 7 7 3 7 3 2 2 4
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Deviation unintentional (by individual or group) 2 2 0 11 4 10 2 3 13 3
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective warning systems/safety devices 6 3 3 5 3 7 4 3 5 3
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Servicing of energized
0 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 3
equipment/inadequate energy isolation
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate communication 4 2 6 2 2 2 4 3 6 2
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Improper position (in the line of fire) 0 1 2 1 0 1 1 0 3 2
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Failure to warn of hazard 0 1 4 1 0 2 0 1 1 2
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Lack of attention/distracted by other concerns/stress 5 1 3 3 4 2 1 4 5 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Equipment or materials not secured 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Fatigue 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Hazardous atmosphere (explosive/toxic/asphyxiant) 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Disabled or removed guards, warning systems or safety
0 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
devices
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Poor leadership/organizational culture 1 1 0 6 2 1 2 0 0 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Work or motion at improper speed 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Overexertion or improper position/posture for task 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate security provisions or systems 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Improper use/position of
1 0 0 4 1 1 1 1 1 0
tools/equipment/materials/products
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Personal Protective Equipment not used or used improperly 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Deviation intentional (by individual or group) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective Personal Protective Equipment 0 2 2 2 0 1 0 2 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Inadequate use of safety systems 2 0 5 1 0 2 1 1 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Storms or acts of nature 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Congestion, clutter or restricted motion 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Inadequate surfaces, floors, walkways or roads 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Improper lifting or loading 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Acts of violence 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Use of drugs or alcohol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Table B.7: Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE – drilling and completion operations
Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE – drilling and completion operations 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate hazard identification or risk assessment 3 5 4 3 6 6 2 1 2 5
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Improper decision making or lack of judgment 4 4 1 3 4 1 0 2 2 4
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate work standards/procedures 4 3 2 6 5 3 1 2 1 4
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate
4 1 1 2 5 3 0 0 4 3
design/specification/management of change
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate communication 3 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 3
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Improper use/position of
1 3 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 2
tools/equipment/materials/products
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate
2 1 2 2 2 4 1 0 4 1
maintenance/inspection/testing
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate/defective
3 1 0 5 3 0 1 2 1 1
tools/equipment/materials/products
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate training/competence 4 3 1 0 3 2 0 1 1 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Equipment or materials not secured 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate supervision 2 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 0 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Failure to report/learn from events 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective guards or protective barriers 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 0 0 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Servicing of energized
1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1
equipment/inadequate energy isolation
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Hazardous atmosphere (explosive/toxic/asphyxiant) 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Improper lifting or loading 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Lack of attention/distracted by other concerns/stress 2 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Improper position (in the line of fire) 1 0 1 0 4 0 2 0 1 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Deviation unintentional (by individual or group) 2 4 0 2 0 4 1 0 1 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Deviation intentional (by individual or group) 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Inadequate use of safety systems 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Personal Protective Equipment not used or used improperly 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Failure to warn of hazard 1 1 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective warning systems/safety devices 2 3 1 2 2 1 1 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Disabled or removed guards, warning systems or safety
0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
devices
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Inadequate surfaces, floors, walkways or roads 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective Personal Protective Equipment 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Congestion, clutter or restricted motion 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Poor leadership/organizational culture 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Storms or acts of nature 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate security provisions or systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Acts of violence 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Use of drugs or alcohol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Fatigue 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Overexertion or improper position/posture for task 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Work or motion at improper speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Table B.8: Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE – production

Causal factors assigned to Tier 1 PSE – production 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate
28 49 47 58 63 54 67 47 50 57
maintenance/inspection/testing
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate
18 54 41 40 37 60 27 34 46 51
design/specification/management of change
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate/defective
28 31 30 34 45 44 23 61 36 48
tools/equipment/materials/products
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate hazard identification or risk assessment 8 36 36 44 27 40 20 27 22 41
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate work standards/procedures 14 34 42 24 27 37 21 23 27 38
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate training/competence 11 13 19 21 12 21 13 14 9 19
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Deviation unintentional (by individual or group) 6 25 13 21 8 29 10 15 25 18
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate communication 10 13 17 8 11 14 10 10 11 17
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective guards or protective barriers 8 22 23 11 19 13 15 8 16 16
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective warning systems/safety devices 8 24 19 8 7 16 17 14 20 13
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Improper decision making or lack of judgment 12 26 22 10 12 11 8 9 8 13
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Failure to warn of hazard 2 6 11 2 3 7 6 3 5 11
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Lack of attention/distracted by other concerns/stress 12 15 7 6 8 7 6 5 11 10
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate supervision 4 8 13 16 9 20 10 11 10 9
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Failure to report/learn from events 1 13 9 4 9 4 3 3 4 9
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Improper use/position of
9 6 6 9 4 5 3 3 6 8
tools/equipment/materials/products
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Servicing of energized
1 3 2 2 3 4 2 1 6 8
equipment/inadequate energy isolation
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Improper position (in the line of fire) 0 5 4 2 1 1 2 4 5 6
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Storms or acts of nature 1 8 14 3 9 11 3 17 11 4
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Equipment or materials not secured 1 1 9 2 2 4 1 1 4 4
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Poor leadership/organizational culture 0 8 4 8 5 2 2 1 0 4
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Acts of violence 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Hazardous atmosphere (explosive/toxic/asphyxiant) 2 3 3 3 2 3 9 4 3 3
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Improper lifting or loading 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 3
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate security provisions or systems 0 2 3 0 1 2 1 0 2 2
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Inadequate use of safety systems 3 5 9 1 3 6 2 4 1 2
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Overexertion or improper position/posture for task 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Work or motion at improper speed 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Deviation intentional (by individual or group) 4 4 6 1 3 3 0 3 3 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Personal Protective Equipment not used or used improperly 2 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Fatigue 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective Personal Protective Equipment 0 3 3 1 1 3 0 5 0 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Disabled or removed guards, warning systems or safety
1 4 5 2 4 2 2 2 0 1
devices
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Inadequate surfaces, floors, walkways or roads 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Congestion, clutter or restricted motion 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Use of drugs or alcohol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Table B.9: Causal factors assigned to fatal incidents

Causal factors assigned to fatal incidents 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Improper position (in the line of fire) 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 3 2
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate hazard identification or risk assessment 0 2 0 0 2 1 1 0 2 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate supervision 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate training/competence 2 3 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Servicing of energized
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
equipment/inadequate energy isolation
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Personal Protective Equipment not used or used improperly 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Hazardous atmosphere (explosive/toxic/asphyxiant) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Inadequate surfaces, floors, walkways or roads 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Improper decision making or lack of judgment 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Deviation unintentional (by individual or group) 2 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
maintenance/inspection/testing
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate work standards/procedures 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Deviation intentional (by individual or group) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate communication 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Equipment or materials not secured 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Failure to warn of hazard 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
design/specification/management of change
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Failure to report/learn from events 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Storms or acts of nature 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Inadequate use of safety systems 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective guards or protective barriers 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate/defective
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
tools/equipment/materials/products
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective warning systems/safety devices 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Disabled or removed guards, warning systems or safety
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
devices
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Fatigue 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective Personal Protective Equipment 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Lack of attention/distracted by other concerns/stress 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate security provisions or systems 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Improper use/position of
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
tools/equipment/materials/products
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Acts of violence 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Use of drugs or alcohol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Overexertion or improper position/posture for task 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Work or motion at improper speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Improper lifting or loading 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Poor leadership/organizational culture 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Congestion, clutter or restricted motion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Table B.10: Causal factors assigned to high potential events

Causal factors assigned to high potential events 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate
6 1 9 2 4 4 4 4 2 6
design/specification/management of change
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate hazard identification or risk assessment 6 2 6 5 2 4 3 2 5 4
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate
6 1 2 5 6 3 4 2 1 4
maintenance/inspection/testing
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate work standards/procedures 7 2 6 2 4 4 4 4 5 3
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate training/competence 3 0 2 2 4 3 3 2 2 2
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate communication 3 1 4 2 2 3 5 0 1 2
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Deviation unintentional (by individual or group) 0 1 4 1 1 2 0 0 1 2
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Servicing of energized
0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 2
equipment/inadequate energy isolation
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Inadequate/defective
2 1 2 1 3 2 2 1 3 1
tools/equipment/materials/products
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Improper decision making or lack of judgment 2 1 5 1 1 4 3 1 1 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Failure to report/learn from events 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 2 0 1
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Hazardous atmosphere (explosive/toxic/asphyxiant) 1 1 4 1 2 1 2 0 0 1
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Inadequate use of safety systems 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Equipment or materials not secured 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Tools, Equipment, Materials and Products : Improper use/position of
0 0 3 0 1 0 1 3 1 0
tools/equipment/materials/products
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective guards or protective barriers 0 0 4 2 1 1 0 2 1 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Failure to warn of hazard 0 0 3 0 1 1 2 1 1 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Lack of attention/distracted by other concerns/stress 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective warning systems/safety devices 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Inadequate supervision 1 1 1 1 0 4 2 2 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Deviation intentional (by individual or group) 2 1 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate/defective Personal Protective Equipment 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Overexertion or improper position/posture for task 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Personal Protective Equipment not used or used improperly 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Congestion, clutter or restricted motion 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Improper position (in the line of fire) 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Organizational : Poor leadership/organizational culture 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Protective Systems : Inadequate security provisions or systems 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Use of Protective Methods : Disabled or removed guards, warning systems or safety
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
devices
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Storms or acts of nature 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Work or motion at improper speed 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Fatigue 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Acts of violence 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Inattention/Lack of Awareness : Use of drugs or alcohol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PEOPLE (ACTS) : Following Procedures : Improper lifting or loading 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PROCESS (CONDITIONS) : Work Place Hazards : Inadequate surfaces, floors, walkways or roads 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Note: In 2017, Member Companies were asked to submit additional high potential events for 2010-2016. In 2018, some changes were made to causal factors
assigned to 2017 high potential events. Therefore, the figures in the table above are different to those previously published.

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Section 2 Results by function

Table B.11: Total number of PSE and PSE Rate – drilling
Number of drilling PSE for normalized PSE rate (PSE per million work hours)* -
Number of drilling PSE
Year Location results* drilling
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2
2014 Onshore 10 68 10 65 0.04 0.24
2014 Offshore 9 45 9 44 0.05 0.21
2014 OVERALL 19 113 19 109 0.04 0.23
2015 Onshore 9 23 7 21 0.03 0.07
2015 Offshore 3 24 3 22 0.02 0.13
2015 OVERALL 12 47 10 43 0.02 0.09
2016 Onshore 7 15 7 13 0.04 0.08
2016 Offshore 3 19 3 17 0.02 0.16
2016 OVERALL 10 34 10 30 0.03 0.11
2017 Onshore 8 20 8 20 0.04 0.09
2017 Offshore 8 31 8 30 0.06 0.24
2017 OVERALL 16 51 16 50 0.05 0.15
2018 Onshore 11 22 9 21 0.05 0.11
2018 Offshore 2 16 2 15 0.02 0.13
2018 OVERALL 13 38 11 36 0.03 0.12
2019 Onshore 9 30 8 29 0.03 0.12
2019 Offshore 1 12 1 12 0.01 0.08
2019 OVERALL 10 42 9 41 0.02 0.11
2020 Onshore 6 18 5 10 0.03 0.06
2020 Offshore 1 14 1 11 0.01 0.09
2020 OVERALL 7 32 6 21 0.02 0.07
2021 Onshore 6 31 6 31 0.03 0.16
2021 Offshore 0 6 0 6 0.00 0.05
2021 OVERALL 6 37 6 37 0.02 0.11
2022 Onshore 9 16 3 9 0.02 0.06
2022 Offshore 2 5 2 5 0.01 0.04
2022 OVERALL 11 21 5 14 0.02 0.05
2023 Onshore 11 33 10 20 0.03 0.07
2023 Offshore 3 9 3 9 0.02 0.05
2023 OVERALL 14 42 13 29 0.03 0.06
* Excludes PSE where related drilling work hours were not reported.
For related work hours for normalized results, see Scope table below.

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Table B.12: Scope – drilling

Companies reporting PSE data – drilling Related work hours (millions)* – drilling Data sets – drilling
Year Location
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2
2014 Onshore 41 38 276 267 387 369
2014 Offshore 39 36 189 206 159 155
2014 OVERALL 42 39 465 472 546 524
2015 Onshore 42 43 258 301 406 406
2015 Offshore 40 41 160 174 155 153
2015 OVERALL 42 43 418 476 561 559
2016 Onshore 38 38 177 172 328 321
2016 Offshore 36 38 127 109 123 122
2016 OVERALL 39 39 304 281 451 443
2017 Onshore 41 40 214 212 335 346
2017 Offshore 39 38 127 127 150 149
2017 OVERALL 41 40 341 339 485 495
2018 Onshore 41 39 197 193 367 359
2018 Offshore 40 38 121 116 168 161
2018 OVERALL 41 39 318 309 535 520
2019 Onshore 46 46 229 240 327 323
2019 Offshore 44 44 149 148 143 143
2019 OVERALL 46 46 378 387 470 466
2020 Onshore 33 33 179 179 154 154
2020 Offshore 29 29 128 128 102 103
2020 OVERALL 38 38 307 307 256 257
2021 Onshore 30 30 195 195 150 150
2021 Offshore 26 26 131 131 98 98
2021 OVERALL 37 37 326 326 248 248
2022 Onshore 32 32 153 153 141 141
2022 Offshore 29 29 142 142 105 105
2022 OVERALL 36 36 295 295 246 246
2023 Onshore 37 37 293 293 134 134
2023 Offshore 31 31 194 194 104 105
2023 OVERALL 43 43 487 487 238 239
* Related work hours have not been provided for all reported PSE.

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Table B.13: Total number of PSE and PSE Rate – production

Number of production PSE for normalized PSE rate (PSE per million work hours)* -
Number of production PSE
Year Location results* production
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2
2014 Onshore 230 642 182 567 0.23 0.76
2014 Offshore 27 137 26 132 0.07 0.32
2014 OVERALL 257 779 208 699 0.18 0.60
2015 Onshore 211 607 176 519 0.25 0.69
2015 Offshore 31 141 30 138 0.07 0.39
2015 OVERALL 242 748 206 657 0.19 0.59
2016 Onshore 148 425 133 314 0.25 0.60
2016 Offshore 34 256 33 100 0.13 0.48
2016 OVERALL 182 681 166 414 0.21 0.56
2017 Onshore 135 414 131 356 0.17 0.47
2017 Offshore 41 152 40 152 0.11 0.43
2017 OVERALL 176 566 171 508 0.15 0.46
2018 Onshore 215 424 199 380 0.24 0.48
2018 Offshore 28 145 28 139 0.08 0.42
2018 OVERALL 243 569 227 519 0.19 0.46
2019 Onshore 215 634 201 572 0.22 0.62
2019 Offshore 36 119 36 116 0.09 0.28
2019 OVERALL 251 753 237 688 0.18 0.51
2020 Onshore 152 398 142 360 0.19 0.48
2020 Offshore 25 106 25 105 0.07 0.30
2020 OVERALL 177 504 167 465 0.15 0.42
2021 Onshore 166 498 166 490 0.19 0.56
2021 Offshore 21 87 21 87 0.05 0.22
2021 OVERALL 187 585 187 577 0.15 0.45
2022 Onshore 139 469 139 469 0.18 0.61
2022 Offshore 32 73 32 73 0.07 0.17
2022 OVERALL 171 542 171 542 0.14 0.45
2023 Onshore 160 497 160 497 0.17 0.52
2023 Offshore 44 81 44 81 0.09 0.16
2023 OVERALL 204 578 204 578 0.14 0.40
* Excludes PSE where related production work hours were not reported.
For related work hours for normalized results, see Scope table below.

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Table B.14: Scope – production

Companies reporting PSE data – Related work hours (millions)* –
Data sets – production
Year Location production production
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 2
2014 Onshore 44 42 785 742 394 378
2014 Offshore 41 37 390 417 154 147
2014 OVERALL 44 42 1,174 1,159 548 525
2015 Onshore 43 44 701 756 425 425
2015 Offshore 42 41 403 356 152 150
2015 OVERALL 44 44 1,104 1,112 577 575
2016 Onshore 39 39 539 527 353 339
2016 Offshore 37 38 253 208 120 116
2016 OVERALL 39 39 792 734 473 455
2017 Onshore 43 43 754 752 350 357
2017 Offshore 41 40 355 353 154 153
2017 OVERALL 43 43 1,108 1,105 504 510
2018 Onshore 42 41 840 799 373 364
2018 Offshore 40 37 338 331 173 166
2018 OVERALL 42 41 1,177 1,131 546 530
2019 Onshore 47 47 923 926 350 345
2019 Offshore 44 44 411 411 143 138
2019 OVERALL 47 47 1,334 1,337 493 483
2020 Onshore 38 37 747 747 187 186
2020 Offshore 31 31 352 352 105 105
2020 OVERALL 41 40 1,099 1,099 292 291
2021 Onshore 41 41 880 880 195 196
2021 Offshore 33 33 397 397 115 115
2021 OVERALL 44 44 1,278 1,278 310 311
2022 Onshore 45 45 772 772 208 208
2022 Offshore 38 38 442 442 117 117
2022 OVERALL 47 47 1,214 1,214 325 325
2023 Onshore 49 49 957 957 196 196
2023 Offshore 40 40 494 494 115 115
2023 OVERALL 51 51 1,452 1,452 311 311
* Related work hours have not been provided for all reported PSE.

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Section 3 Results by activity

Table B.15: Number of production PSE by activity
TIER 1 Normal operations Start up Shut down Other Unspecified
2014 181 18 5 8 45
2015 164 11 5 29 33
2016 101 10 12 22 37
2017 119 8 7 28 14
2018 181 10 4 24 24
2019 132 8 1 7 103
2020 143 6 3 24 1
2021 148 6 13 19 1
2022 144 7 4 16 0
2023 160 18 8 18 0

TIER 2 Normal operations Start up Shut down Other Unspecified

2014 556 19 12 31 161
2015 556 34 11 67 80
2016 349 18 6 60 248
2017 423 11 10 48 74
2018 447 11 7 62 42
2019 425 14 4 16 294
2020 417 14 3 61 9
2021 438 40 6 92 9
2022 490 18 7 25 2
2023 483 29 16 49 1

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Section 4 Results by consequence

Table B.16: Number of consequences assigned to PSE – Tier 1
Number of consequences assigned to Tier 1 PSE
Year Community
Fatality or LWDC Third party hospitalization Fire or explosion PRD discharges Material release
evacuation
2014 19 0 10 29 13 217
2015 23 0 1 27 13 195
2016 17 1 2 25 16 144
2017 16 0 2 14 8 151
2018 9 1 2 15 5 221
2019 10 1 1 15 15 225
2020 11 3 0 14 6 168
2021 13 1 3 20 11 179
2022 16 0 0 19 6 145
2023 27 0 2 19 16 170
Note: Multiple consequences can be assigned for each PSE.

Table B.17: Number of consequences assigned to PSE – Tier 2

Number of consequences assigned to Tier 2 PSE
Year
Recordable injury Fire or explosion PRD discharges Material release
2014 12 37 44 797
2015 14 49 35 660
2016 8 53 19 635
2017 6 48 17 534
2018 9 56 14 497
2019 8 64 78 645
2020 2 36 21 504
2021 11 75 29 578
2022 13 55 24 493
2023 8 53 90 479

Table B.18: Number of fatalities

Year Number of Employee/Contractor fatalities Number of 3rd Party fatalities
2014 7 0
2015 17 0
2016 6 0
2017 5 0
2018 4 1
2019 1 0
2020 3 0
2021 0 0
2022 4 0
2023 5 0

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Table B.19: PSE by consequence – scope

Percentage of total reported Number of Companies Number of related work Number of data sets where
TIER 1 PSE where information on reporting PSE data by hours (millions) where PSE PSE reported by
consequence was provided consequence reported by consequence consequence
2014 99% 28 811 68
2015 98% 28 660 62
2016 99% 22 510 61
2017 98% 26 863 70
2018 98% 28 794 59
2019 99% 27 813 63
2020 100% 27 619 55
2021 99% 21 655 53
2022 100% 23 570 47
2023 100% 28 845 53

Percentage of total reported Number of Companies Number of related work Number of data sets where
TIER 2 PSE where information on reporting PSE data by hours (millions) where PSE PSE reported by
consequence was provided consequence reported by consequence consequence
2014 97% 33 1064 124
2015 95% 32 838 117
2016 99% 26 565 91
2017 98% 27 900 103
2018 93% 32 827 87
2019 99% 34 1069 107
2020 100% 30 860 101
2021 99% 30 920 91
2022 100% 33 768 72
2023 100% 33 1015 77
Note 1: Consequence is only specified where 1 or more PSE are reported.
Note 2: Related work hours were not provided for all reported PSE.

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Section 5 Results by material

Table B.20: Number of PSE by material released
TIER 1 Toxics Flammable gas Hazardous liquid Other gases or liquids Unspecified
2014 5 88 112 19 52
2015 9 91 107 10 37
2016 5 63 76 8 40
2017 9 70 80 10 23
2018 3 54 158 9 32
2019 5 67 89 7 93
2020 6 61 76 20 21
2021 6 53 99 21 14
2022 5 63 92 16 6
2023 5 76 118 17 2

TIER 2 Toxics Flammable gas Hazardous liquid Other gases or liquids Unspecified
2014 13 281 368 76 154
2015 12 237 396 54 96
2016 11 169 230 48 257
2017 20 175 246 76 100
2018 9 156 322 77 43
2019 5 169 296 56 269
2020 6 178 251 54 47
2021 9 168 293 108 44
2022 16 157 343 41 6
2023 10 143 425 43 -1
Note: Material is only specified where 1 or more PSE are reported.

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Table B.21: PSE by material – scope

Number of related work hours
Number of Companies reporting Number of data sets where PSE
TIER 1 (millions) where PSE reported by
PSE data by material released reported by material released
material released
2014 25 487 59
2015 25 503 58
2016 20 457 51
2017 22 786 63
2018 26 583 51
2019 24 714 55
2020 25 544 48
2021 17 536 46
2022 22 565 45
2023 28 835 51

Number of related work hours

Number of Companies reporting Number of data sets where PSE
TIER 2 (millions) where PSE reported by
PSE data by material released reported by material released
material released
2014 31 726 119
2015 31 808 113
2016 24 534 88
2017 26 838 99
2018 31 810 87
2019 28 934 90
2020 29 795 96
2021 29 902 86
2022 32 767 70
2023 33 1010 76
Note 1: Material is only specified where 1 or more PSE are reported.
Note 2: Related work hours were not provided for all reported PSE.

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Section 6 Results by Process Safety Fundamental

Table B.22: Number of Tier 1 PSE by Process Safety Fundamental
Process Safety Fundamental 2021 2022 2023
We respect hazards. 32 12 17
We apply procedures. 22 26 26
We sustain barriers. 21 31 21
We stay within operating limits. 12 9 14
We maintain safe isolation. 10 15 14
We walk the line. 3 10 8
We control ignition sources. 7 2 8
We recognize change. 7 8 6
We stop if the unexpected occurs. 3 4 5
We watch for weak signals. 5 5 18
TOTAL ASSIGNED 122 122 137
Not applicable. 68 37 47
Unspecified. 3 23 34
Note: The reported PSF represents the primary PSF associated with the PSE since more than one may have applied.

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Section 7 Results by region

Table B.23: Total number of PSE reported - by region
Russia &
Number of PSE Africa Asia/Australasia Europe Middle East North America South America
Central Asia
2014 Tier 1 34 21 20 19 173 3 6
2014 Tier 2 57 69 88 59 480 101 38
2015 Tier 1 29 21 15 13 152 7 17
2015 Tier 2 56 56 87 70 366 81 79
2016 Tier 1 19 24 19 28 83 1 18
2016 Tier 2 37 241 64 74 232 21 46
2017 Tier 1 32 25 13 15 72 3 32
2017 Tier 2 70 81 63 41 256 11 95
2018 Tier 1 26 8 15 26 101 58 22
2018 Tier 2 68 56 58 74 242 11 98
2019 Tier 1 15 12 12 20 97 75 30
2019 Tier 2 73 34 41 42 326 116 163
2020 Tier 1 23 10 11 40 76 3 21
2020 Tier 2 49 48 51 83 207 6 92
2021 Tier 1 24 6 9 12 92 7 43
2021 Tier 2 50 41 49 52 286 22 122
2022 Tier 1 20 9 21 1 84 2 45
2022 Tier 2 34 34 25 12 305 12 141
2023 Tier 1 13 8 10 21 88 2 76
2023 Tier 2 31 20 21 50 299 19 180

Table B.24: Number of PSE for normalized results - by region*

Number of PSE for Russia &
Africa Asia/Australasia Europe Middle East North America South America
normalized results* Central Asia
2014 Tier 1 33 20 19 15 131 3 6
2014 Tier 2 57 63 88 52 409 101 38
2015 Tier 1 28 20 15 13 116 7 17
2015 Tier 2 55 49 85 69 283 81 78
2016 Tier 1 19 22 19 27 70 1 18
2016 Tier 2 35 42 63 42 206 10 46
2017 Tier 1 32 25 12 15 68 3 32
2017 Tier 2 69 75 61 41 208 9 95
2018 Tier 1 26 7 15 26 85 57 22
2018 Tier 2 65 48 58 74 204 9 97
2019 Tier 1 14 10 12 20 85 75 30
2019 Tier 2 71 30 41 42 272 111 162
2020 Tier 1 23 10 10 40 68 1 21
2020 Tier 2 49 44 49 83 163 6 92
2021 Tier 1 24 6 9 12 92 7 43
2021 Tier 2 43 40 49 52 286 22 122
2022 Tier 1 20 9 21 1 78 2 45
2022 Tier 2 34 34 25 12 298 12 141
2023 Tier 1 13 8 10 21 87 2 76
2023 Tier 2 31 20 21 50 286 19 180
*Excludes PSE where no related drilling or production work hours were reported. See Tables B.31 – B.40 (Number of PSE used in normalized analysis).

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Table B.25: PSE Rate - by region

PSE per million work hours*
Year Tier Russia &
Africa Asia/Australasia Europe Middle East North America South America OVERALL
Central Asia
2014 Tier 1 0.14 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.25 0.03 0.07 0.14
2014 Tier 2 0.27 0.18 0.47 0.31 0.78 0.84 0.49 0.50
2015 Tier 1 0.14 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.29 0.06 0.20 0.14
2015 Tier 2 0.28 0.21 0.46 0.29 0.53 0.67 0.94 0.44
2016 Tier 1 0.12 0.08 0.12 0.12 0.42 0.01 0.29 0.16
2016 Tier 2 0.23 0.22 0.41 0.19 1.24 0.14 0.75 0.44
2017 Tier 1 0.15 0.13 0.08 0.04 0.38 0.03 0.12 0.13
2017 Tier 2 0.32 0.38 0.43 0.12 1.16 0.08 0.37 0.39
2018 Tier 1 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.07 0.48 0.52 0.09 0.16
2018 Tier 2 0.28 0.23 0.45 0.20 1.16 0.12 0.39 0.39
2019 Tier 1 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.06 0.39 0.59 0.10 0.14
2019 Tier 2 0.27 0.10 0.26 0.12 1.24 0.88 0.54 0.42
2020 Tier 1 0.12 0.03 0.08 0.13 0.54 0.01 0.10 0.12
2020 Tier 2 0.25 0.14 0.37 0.26 1.29 0.06 0.42 0.35
2021 Tier 1 0.12 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.48 0.05 0.18 0.12
2021 Tier 2 0.22 0.13 0.34 0.14 1.48 0.14 0.50 0.38
2022 Tier 1 0.09 0.03 0.12 0.00 0.36 0.02 0.19 0.12
2022 Tier 2 0.16 0.12 0.15 0.04 1.36 0.11 0.60 0.37
2023 Tier 1 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.04 0.35 0.02 0.29 0.11
2023 Tier 2 0.14 0.06 0.12 0.09 1.13 0.17 0.69 0.31
*Excludes PSE where no related drilling or production work hours were reported. See Tables B.28 and B.30 (Number of PSE used in normalized analysis – by
region and function).

Table B.26: Number of related work hours - by region

Number of work hours (thousands) used in normalized analysis
Year Tier Russia &
Africa Asia/Australasia Europe Middle East North America South America OVERALL
Central Asia
2014 Tier 1 236,275 291,065 208,466 172,950 521,335 119,699 89,649 1,639,439
2014 Tier 2 213,756 345,322 186,572 166,673 521,335 119,699 77,969 1,631,326
2015 Tier 1 193,327 306,097 184,785 240,688 393,785 120,371 83,369 1,522,422
2015 Tier 2 193,327 235,369 186,483 238,979 529,811 120,371 83,369 1,587,709
2016 Tier 1 155,553 271,552 152,320 218,137 165,683 71,254 61,854 1,096,353
2016 Tier 2 155,553 190,350 152,320 218,137 165,683 71,254 61,307 1,014,604
2017 Tier 1 217,765 197,636 142,314 337,908 179,417 116,348 258,149 1,449,537
2017 Tier 2 217,765 195,285 142,314 334,183 179,417 116,348 258,149 1,443,461
2018 Tier 1 242,448 207,795 136,603 368,292 177,301 108,877 253,649 1,494,965
2018 Tier 2 234,808 206,583 128,812 368,292 176,014 75,500 249,635 1,439,644
2019 Tier 1 263,090 314,203 158,772 341,054 219,433 126,064 289,385 1,712,001
2019 Tier 2 263,666 315,363 158,360 341,054 219,401 126,445 299,726 1,724,015
2020 Tier 1 192,576 320,640 133,272 319,150 126,749 96,309 217,762 1,406,458
2020 Tier 2 192,576 320,640 133,272 319,150 126,749 96,309 217,762 1,406,458
2021 Tier 1 197,141 305,640 144,811 365,617 193,593 152,467 244,260 1,603,529
2021 Tier 2 197,141 305,640 144,811 365,617 193,593 152,467 244,260 1,603,529
2022 Tier 1 215,440 282,772 170,051 274,572 219,387 112,658 234,396 1,509,276
2022 Tier 2 215,440 282,772 170,051 274,572 219,387 112,658 234,396 1,509,276
2023 Tier 1 222,907 345,450 175,021 568,359 252,113 112,404 262,572 1,938,827
2023 Tier 2 222,907 345,450 175,021 568,359 252,113 112,404 262,572 1,938,827

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Table B.27: Number of PSE - drilling - by region

North Russia & South
Number of PSE Africa Asia/Australasia Europe Middle East OVERALL
America Central Asia America
2014 Tier 1 2 4 1 0 11 1 0 19
2014 Tier 2 8 12 15 5 66 2 5 113
2015 Tier 1 1 1 0 1 6 2 1 12
2015 Tier 2 6 3 10 3 18 1 6 47
2016 Tier 1 0 0 3 4 1 0 2 10
2016 Tier 2 3 2 8 3 15 1 2 34
2017 Tier 1 2 0 3 2 4 0 5 16
2017 Tier 2 2 2 13 1 15 2 16 51
2018 Tier 1 3 0 2 0 3 1 4 13
2018 Tier 2 3 4 7 1 10 1 12 38
2019 Tier 1 1 0 0 0 7 0 2 10
2019 Tier 2 4 0 5 1 21 0 11 42
2020 Tier 1 0 0 1 2 2 0 2 7
2020 Tier 2 0 5 4 2 11 0 10 32
2021 Tier 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 6
2021 Tier 2 0 2 2 1 6 0 26 37
2022 Tier 1 0 0 2 0 7 0 2 11
2022 Tier 2 0 1 3 0 9 1 7 21
2023 Tier 1 2 1 0 0 4 1 6 14
2023 Tier 2 1 2 2 0 23 0 14 42

Table B.28: Number of PSE for normalized results* - drilling - by region

Number of PSE for North Russia & South
Africa Asia/Australasia Europe Middle East OVERALL
normalized results* America Central Asia America
2014 Tier 1 2 4 1 0 11 1 0 19
2014 Tier 2 8 12 15 4 63 2 5 109
2015 Tier 1 1 0 0 1 5 2 1 10
2015 Tier 2 5 2 10 2 17 1 6 43
2016 Tier 1 0 0 3 4 1 0 2 10
2016 Tier 2 1 2 8 3 13 1 2 30
2017 Tier 1 2 0 3 2 4 0 5 16
2017 Tier 2 1 2 13 1 15 2 16 50
2018 Tier 1 3 0 2 0 2 0 4 11
2018 Tier 2 2 4 7 1 9 1 12 36
2019 Tier 1 1 0 0 0 6 0 2 9
2019 Tier 2 4 0 5 1 20 0 11 41
2020 Tier 1 0 0 0 2 2 0 2 6
2020 Tier 2 0 1 3 2 5 0 10 21
2021 Tier 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 6
2021 Tier 2 0 2 2 1 6 0 26 37
2022 Tier 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 5
2022 Tier 2 0 1 3 0 2 1 7 14
2023 Tier 1 2 1 0 0 3 1 6 13
2023 Tier 2 1 2 2 0 10 0 14 29
*Excludes PSE where no related drilling work hours were reported. See Tables B.31–B.40 (Number of PSE used in normalized analysis – by region and function).

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Table B.29: Number of PSE - production - by region

North Russia & South
Number of PSE Africa Asia/Australasia Europe Middle East OVERALL
America Central Asia America
2014 Tier 1 32 17 19 19 162 2 6 257
2014 Tier 2 49 57 73 54 414 99 33 779
2015 Tier 1 28 20 15 12 146 5 16 242
2015 Tier 2 50 53 77 67 348 80 73 748
2016 Tier 1 19 24 16 24 82 1 16 182
2016 Tier 2 34 239 56 71 217 20 44 681
2017 Tier 1 30 25 10 13 68 3 27 176
2017 Tier 2 68 79 50 40 241 9 79 566
2018 Tier 1 23 8 13 26 98 57 18 243
2018 Tier 2 65 52 51 73 232 10 86 569
2019 Tier 1 14 12 12 20 90 75 28 251
2019 Tier 2 69 34 36 41 305 116 152 753
2020 Tier 1 23 10 10 38 74 3 19 177
2020 Tier 2 49 43 47 81 196 6 82 504
2021 Tier 1 24 6 8 12 91 6 40 187
2021 Tier 2 50 39 47 51 280 22 96 585
2022 Tier 1 20 9 19 1 77 2 43 171
2022 Tier 2 34 33 22 12 296 11 134 542
2023 Tier 1 11 7 10 21 84 1 70 204
2023 Tier 2 30 18 19 50 276 19 166 578

Table B.30: Number of PSE for normalized results* - production - by region

Number of PSE for North Russia & South
Africa Asia/Australasia Europe Middle East OVERALL
normalized results* America Central Asia America
2014 Tier 1 31 16 18 15 120 2 6 208
2014 Tier 2 49 51 73 48 346 99 33 699
2015 Tier 1 27 20 15 12 111 5 16 206
2015 Tier 2 50 47 75 67 266 80 72 657
2016 Tier 1 19 22 16 23 69 1 16 166
2016 Tier 2 34 40 55 39 193 9 44 414
2017 Tier 1 30 25 9 13 64 3 27 171
2017 Tier 2 68 73 48 40 193 7 79 508
2018 Tier 1 23 7 13 26 83 57 18 227
2018 Tier 2 63 44 51 73 195 8 85 519
2019 Tier 1 13 10 12 20 79 75 28 237
2019 Tier 2 67 30 36 41 252 111 151 688
2020 Tier 1 23 10 10 38 66 1 19 167
2020 Tier 2 49 43 46 81 158 6 82 465
2021 Tier 1 24 6 8 12 91 6 40 187
2021 Tier 2 43 38 47 51 280 22 96 577
2022 Tier 1 20 9 19 1 77 2 43 171
2022 Tier 2 34 33 22 12 296 11 134 542
2023 Tier 1 11 7 10 21 84 1 70 204
2023 Tier 2 30 18 19 50 276 19 166 578
*Excludes PSE where no related production work hours were reported.
See Tables B.31 – B.40 (Number of PSE used in normalized analysis – by region and function).

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Table B.31: Number of PSE used in normalized analysis – by region and function – 2014
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 1 1 2 0 8 8
Africa Production 25 6 31 23 26 49
Africa OVERALL 26 7 33 23 34 57
Asia / Australasia Drilling 2 2 4 2 10 12
Asia / Australasia Production 11 5 16 31 20 51
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 13 7 20 33 30 63
Europe Drilling 1 0 1 2 13 15
Europe Production 9 9 18 19 54 73
Europe OVERALL 10 9 19 21 67 88
Middle East Drilling 0 0 0 4 0 4
Middle East Production 15 0 15 42 6 48
Middle East OVERALL 15 0 15 46 6 52
North America Drilling 5 6 11 53 10 63
North America Production 114 6 120 329 17 346
North America OVERALL 119 12 131 382 27 409
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 1 0 1 0 2 2
Russia & Central Asia Production 2 0 2 95 4 99
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 3 0 3 95 6 101
South & Central
Drilling 0 0 0 4 1 5
America
South & Central
Production 6 0 6 28 5 33
America
South & Central
OVERALL 6 0 6 32 6 38
America
OVERALL Drilling 10 9 19 65 44 109
OVERALL Production 182 26 208 567 132 699
OVERALL OVERALL 192 35 227 632 176 808

Table B.32: Number of PSE used in normalized analysis – by region and function – 2015
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 0 1 1 0 5 5
Africa Production 16 11 27 24 26 50
Africa OVERALL 16 12 28 24 31 55
Asia / Australasia Drilling 0 0 0 1 1 2
Asia / Australasia Production 18 2 20 29 18 47
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 18 2 20 30 19 49
Europe Drilling 0 0 0 0 10 10
Europe Production 5 10 15 21 54 75
Europe OVERALL 5 10 15 21 64 85
Middle East Drilling 1 0 1 2 0 2
Middle East Production 10 2 12 59 8 67
Middle East OVERALL 11 2 13 61 8 69
North America Drilling 3 2 5 12 5 17
North America Production 107 4 111 247 19 266
North America OVERALL 110 6 116 259 24 283
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 2 0 2 1 0 1
Russia & Central Asia Production 5 0 5 77 3 80
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 7 0 7 78 3 81
South & Central America Drilling 1 0 1 5 1 6
South & Central America Production 15 1 16 62 10 72
South & Central America OVERALL 16 1 17 67 11 78
OVERALL Drilling 7 3 10 21 22 43
OVERALL Production 176 30 206 519 138 657
OVERALL OVERALL 183 33 216 540 160 700

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Table B.33: Number of PSE used in normalized analysis – by region and function – 2016
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 0 0 0 0 1 1
Africa Production 14 5 19 19 15 34
Africa OVERALL 14 5 19 19 16 35
Asia / Australasia Drilling 0 0 0 1 1 2
Asia / Australasia Production 17 5 22 23 17 40
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 17 5 22 24 18 42
Europe Drilling 0 3 3 0 8 8
Europe Production 4 12 16 11 44 55
Europe OVERALL 4 15 19 11 52 63
Middle East Drilling 4 0 4 2 1 3
Middle East Production 20 3 23 36 3 39
Middle East OVERALL 24 3 27 38 4 42
North America Drilling 1 0 1 8 5 13
North America Production 65 4 69 181 12 193
North America OVERALL 66 4 70 189 17 206
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 0 0 0 0 1 1
Russia & Central Asia Production 1 0 1 8 1 9
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 1 0 1 8 2 10
South & Central America Drilling 2 0 2 2 0 2
South & Central America Production 12 4 16 36 8 44
South & Central America OVERALL 14 4 18 38 8 46
OVERALL Drilling 7 3 10 13 17 30
OVERALL Production 133 33 166 314 100 414
OVERALL OVERALL 140 36 176 327 117 444

Table B.34: Number of PSE used in normalized analysis – by region and function – 2017
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 0 2 2 1 0 1
Africa Production 20 10 30 49 19 68
Africa OVERALL 20 12 32 50 19 69
Asia / Australasia Drilling 0 0 0 1 1 2
Asia / Australasia Production 15 10 25 22 51 73
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 15 10 25 23 52 75
Europe Drilling 0 3 3 0 13 13
Europe Production 4 5 9 19 29 48
Europe OVERALL 4 8 12 19 42 61
Middle East Drilling 2 0 2 1 0 1
Middle East Production 10 3 13 34 6 40
Middle East OVERALL 12 3 15 35 6 41
North America Drilling 4 0 4 12 3 15
North America Production 63 1 64 183 10 193
North America OVERALL 67 1 68 195 13 208
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 0 0 0 1 1 2
Russia & Central Asia Production 3 0 3 5 2 7
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 3 0 3 6 3 9
South & Central America Drilling 2 3 5 4 12 16
South & Central America Production 16 11 27 44 35 79
South & Central America OVERALL 18 14 32 48 47 95
OVERALL Drilling 8 8 16 20 30 50
OVERALL Production 131 40 171 356 152 508
OVERALL OVERALL 139 48 187 376 182 558

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Table B.35: Number of PSE used in normalized analysis – by region and function – 2018
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 2 1 3 1 1 2
Africa Production 18 5 23 37 26 63
Africa OVERALL 20 6 26 38 27 65
Asia / Australasia Drilling 0 0 0 1 3 4
Asia / Australasia Production 1 6 7 18 26 44
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 1 6 7 19 29 48
Europe Drilling 1 1 2 0 7 7
Europe Production 8 5 13 18 33 51
Europe OVERALL 9 6 15 18 40 58
Middle East Drilling 0 0 0 1 0 1
Middle East Production 24 2 26 71 2 73
Middle East OVERALL 24 2 26 72 2 74
North America Drilling 2 0 2 9 0 9
North America Production 79 4 83 184 11 195
North America OVERALL 81 4 85 193 11 204
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 0 0 0 0 1 1
Russia & Central Asia Production 57 0 57 8 0 8
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 57 0 57 8 1 9
South & Central America Drilling 4 0 4 9 3 12
South & Central America Production 12 6 18 44 41 85
South & Central America OVERALL 16 6 22 53 44 97
OVERALL Drilling 9 2 11 21 15 36
OVERALL Production 199 28 227 380 139 519
OVERALL OVERALL 208 30 238 401 154 555

Table B.36: Number of PSE used in normalized analysis – by region and function – 2019
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 1 0 1 2 2 4
Africa Production 4 9 13 46 21 67
Africa OVERALL 5 9 14 48 23 71
Asia / Australasia Drilling 0 0 0 0 0 0
Asia / Australasia Production 4 6 10 12 18 30
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 4 6 10 12 18 30
Europe Drilling 0 0 0 0 5 5
Europe Production 5 7 12 14 22 36
Europe OVERALL 5 7 12 14 27 41
Middle East Drilling 0 0 0 1 0 1
Middle East Production 19 1 20 37 4 41
Middle East OVERALL 19 1 20 38 4 42
North America Drilling 5 1 6 19 1 20
North America Production 78 1 79 243 9 252
North America OVERALL 83 2 85 262 10 272
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 0 0 0 0 0 0
Russia & Central Asia Production 75 0 75 109 2 111
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 75 0 75 109 2 111
South & Central America Drilling 2 0 2 7 4 11
South & Central America Production 16 12 28 111 40 151
South & Central America OVERALL 18 12 30 118 44 162
OVERALL Drilling 8 1 9 29 12 41
OVERALL Production 201 36 237 572 116 688
OVERALL OVERALL 209 37 246 601 128 729

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Table B.37: Number of PSE used in normalized analysis – by region and function – 2020
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 0 0 0 0 0 0
Africa Production 13 10 23 32 17 49
Africa OVERALL 13 10 23 32 17 49
Asia / Australasia Drilling 0 0 0 0 1 1
Asia / Australasia Production 7 3 10 17 26 43
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 7 3 10 17 27 44
Europe Drilling 0 0 0 0 3 3
Europe Production 7 3 10 28 18 46
Europe OVERALL 7 3 10 28 21 49
Middle East Drilling 2 0 2 2 0 2
Middle East Production 38 0 38 76 5 81
Middle East OVERALL 40 0 40 78 5 83
North America Drilling 2 0 2 4 1 5
North America Production 64 2 66 153 5 158
North America OVERALL 66 2 68 157 6 163
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 0 0 0 0 0 0
Russia & Central Asia Production 1 0 1 3 3 6
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 1 0 1 3 3 6
South & Central America Drilling 1 1 2 4 6 10
South & Central America Production 12 7 19 51 31 82
South & Central America OVERALL 13 8 21 55 37 92
OVERALL Drilling 5 1 6 10 11 21
OVERALL Production 142 25 167 360 105 465
OVERALL OVERALL 147 26 173 370 116 486

Table B.38: Number of PSE used in normalized analysis – by region and function – 2021
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 0 0 0 0 0 0
Africa Production 17 7 24 30 13 43
Africa OVERALL 17 7 24 30 13 43
Asia / Australasia Drilling 0 0 0 0 2 2
Asia / Australasia Production 5 1 6 19 19 38
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 5 1 6 19 21 40
Europe Drilling 1 0 1 0 2 2
Europe Production 4 4 8 22 25 47
Europe OVERALL 5 4 9 22 27 49
Middle East Drilling 0 0 0 1 0 1
Middle East Production 12 0 12 50 1 51
Middle East OVERALL 12 0 12 51 1 52
North America Drilling 1 0 1 5 1 6
North America Production 87 4 91 273 7 280
North America OVERALL 88 4 92 278 8 286
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 1 0 1 0 0 0
Russia & Central Asia Production 6 0 6 19 3 22
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 7 0 7 19 3 22
South & Central America Drilling 3 0 3 25 1 26
South & Central America Production 35 5 40 77 19 96
South & Central America OVERALL 38 5 43 102 20 122
OVERALL Drilling 6 0 6 31 6 37
OVERALL Production 166 21 187 490 87 577
OVERALL OVERALL 172 21 193 521 93 614

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Table B.39: Number of PSE used in normalized analysis – by region and function – 2022
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 0 0 0 0 0 0
Africa Production 14 6 20 21 13 34
Africa OVERALL 14 6 20 21 13 34
Asia / Australasia Drilling 0 0 0 0 1 1
Asia / Australasia Production 6 3 9 19 14 33
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 6 3 9 19 15 34
Europe Drilling 0 2 2 0 3 3
Europe Production 6 13 19 12 10 22
Europe OVERALL 6 15 21 12 13 25
Middle East Drilling 0 0 0 0 0 0
Middle East Production 1 0 1 6 6 12
Middle East OVERALL 1 0 1 6 6 12
North America Drilling 1 0 1 2 0 2
North America Production 77 0 77 293 3 296
North America OVERALL 78 0 78 295 3 298
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 0 0 0 0 1 1
Russia & Central Asia Production 1 1 2 6 5 11
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 1 1 2 6 6 12
South & Central America Drilling 2 0 2 7 0 7
South & Central America Production 34 9 43 112 22 134
South & Central America OVERALL 36 9 45 119 22 141
OVERALL Drilling 3 2 5 9 5 14
OVERALL Production 139 32 171 469 73 542
OVERALL OVERALL 142 34 176 478 78 556

Table B.40: Number of PSE used in normalized analysis – by region and function – 2023
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 1 1 2 0 1 1
Africa Production 2 9 11 10 20 30
Africa OVERALL 3 10 13 10 21 31
Asia / Australasia Drilling 0 1 1 0 2 2
Asia / Australasia Production 3 4 7 10 8 18
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 3 5 8 10 10 20
Europe Drilling 0 0 0 1 1 2
Europe Production 7 3 10 11 8 19
Europe OVERALL 7 3 10 12 9 21
Middle East Drilling 0 0 0 0 0 0
Middle East Production 14 7 21 45 5 50
Middle East OVERALL 14 7 21 45 5 50
North America Drilling 3 0 3 9 1 10
North America Production 83 1 84 269 7 276
North America OVERALL 86 1 87 278 8 286
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 1 0 1 0 0 0
Russia & Central Asia Production 1 0 1 13 6 19
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 2 0 2 13 6 19
South & Central America Drilling 5 1 6 10 4 14
South & Central America Production 50 20 70 139 27 166
South & Central America OVERALL 55 21 76 149 31 180
OVERALL Drilling 10 3 13 20 9 29
OVERALL Production 160 44 204 497 81 578
OVERALL OVERALL 170 47 217 517 90 607

Tables B.41–50 show the number of work hours in the main safety database for which there were related PSE
data (even if zero), i.e., those that were included in the calculation of PSE per million work hours in this report.

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Table B.41: Number of work hours (thousands) used in normalized analysis – by region and function –
2014
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 30,118 36,245 66,363 27,962 33,907 61,869
Africa Production 122,482 47,430 169,912 116,134 35,753 151,887
Africa OVERALL 152,600 83,675 236,275 144,096 69,660 213,756
Asia / Australasia Drilling 55,859 38,442 94,301 57,319 57,242 114,561
Asia / Australasia Production 134,979 61,785 196,764 126,970 103,791 230,761
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 190,838 100,227 291,065 184,289 161,033 345,322
Europe Drilling 24,517 24,896 49,413 18,141 24,868 43,009
Europe Production 77,284 81,769 159,053 64,245 79,318 143,563
Europe OVERALL 101,801 106,665 208,466 82,386 104,186 186,572
Middle East Drilling 30,545 7,279 37,824 30,185 7,279 37,464
Middle East Production 117,050 18,076 135,126 111,965 17,244 129,209
Middle East OVERALL 147,595 25,355 172,950 142,150 24,523 166,673
North America Drilling 86,253 69,634 155,887 86,253 69,634 155,887
North America Production 216,565 148,883 365,448 216,565 148,883 365,448
North America OVERALL 302,818 218,517 521,335 302,818 218,517 521,335
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 24,640 6,739 31,379 24,640 6,739 31,379
Russia & Central Asia Production 67,386 20,934 88,320 67,386 20,934 88,320
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 92,026 27,673 119,699 92,026 27,673 119,699
South & Central America Drilling 24,241 5,551 29,792 22,102 5,950 28,052
South & Central America Production 48,906 10,951 59,857 38,966 10,951 49,917
South & Central America OVERALL 73,147 16,502 89,649 61,068 16,901 77,969
OVERALL Drilling 276,173 188,786 464,959 266,602 205,619 472,221
OVERALL Production 784,652 389,828 1,174,480 742,231 416,874 1,159,105
OVERALL OVERALL 1,060,825 578,614 1,639,439 1,008,833 622,493 1,631,326

Table B.42: Number of work hours (thousands) used in normalized analysis – by region and function –
2015
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 18,780 31,711 50,491 18,780 31,711 50,491
Africa Production 109,242 33,594 142,836 109,242 33,594 142,836
Africa OVERALL 128,022 65,305 193,327 128,022 65,305 193,327
Asia / Australasia Drilling 44,874 42,865 87,739 42,531 24,921 67,452
Asia / Australasia Production 118,825 99,533 218,358 114,429 53,488 167,917
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 163,699 142,398 306,097 156,960 78,409 235,369
Europe Drilling 19,917 26,266 46,183 21,469 26,412 47,881
Europe Production 66,642 71,960 138,602 66,642 71,960 138,602
Europe OVERALL 86,559 98,226 184,785 88,111 98,372 186,483
Middle East Drilling 54,175 12,622 66,797 54,175 10,779 64,954
Middle East Production 145,474 28,417 173,891 145,608 28,417 174,025
Middle East OVERALL 199,649 41,039 240,688 199,783 39,196 238,979
North America Drilling 73,584 33,642 107,226 117,399 67,615 185,014
North America Production 145,555 141,004 286,559 204,134 140,663 344,797
North America OVERALL 219,139 174,646 393,785 321,533 208,278 529,811
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 23,988 7,145 31,133 23,988 7,145 31,133
Russia & Central Asia Production 70,413 18,825 89,238 70,413 18,825 89,238
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 94,401 25,970 120,371 94,401 25,970 120,371
South & Central America Drilling 22,955 5,623 28,578 22,955 5,623 28,578
South & Central America Production 45,317 9,474 54,791 45,317 9,474 54,791
South & Central America OVERALL 68,272 15,097 83,369 68,272 15,097 83,369
OVERALL Drilling 258,273 159,874 418,147 301,297 174,206 475,503
OVERALL Production 701,468 402,807 1,104,275 755,785 356,421 1,112,206
OVERALL OVERALL 959,741 562,681 1,522,422 1,057,082 530,627 1,587,709

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Table B.43: Number of work hours (thousands) used in normalized analysis – by region and function –
2016
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 16,489 21,349 37,838 16,489 21,349 37,838
Africa Production 83,611 34,104 117,715 83,611 34,104 117,715
Africa OVERALL 100,100 55,453 155,553 100,100 55,453 155,553
Asia / Australasia Drilling 31,508 37,445 68,953 27,472 18,583 46,055
Asia / Australasia Production 99,237 103,362 202,599 86,801 57,494 144,295
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 130,745 140,807 271,552 114,273 76,077 190,350
Europe Drilling 13,206 20,801 34,007 13,206 20,801 34,007
Europe Production 58,998 59,315 118,313 58,998 59,315 118,313
Europe OVERALL 72,204 80,116 152,320 72,204 80,116 152,320
Middle East Drilling 71,527 17,531 89,058 71,527 17,531 89,058
Middle East Production 119,679 9,400 129,079 119,679 9,400 129,079
Middle East OVERALL 191,206 26,931 218,137 191,206 26,931 218,137
North America Drilling 24,063 19,688 43,751 24,063 19,688 43,751
North America Production 101,712 20,220 121,932 101,712 20,220 121,932
North America OVERALL 125,775 39,908 165,683 125,775 39,908 165,683
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 5,883 5,996 11,879 5,883 5,996 11,879
Russia & Central Asia Production 41,264 18,111 59,375 41,264 18,111 59,375
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 47,147 24,107 71,254 47,147 24,107 71,254
South & Central America Drilling 13,893 4,624 18,517 13,346 4,624 17,970
South & Central America Production 34,458 8,879 43,337 34,458 8,879 43,337
South & Central America OVERALL 48,351 13,503 61,854 47,804 13,503 61,307
OVERALL Drilling 176,569 127,434 304,003 171,986 108,572 280,558
OVERALL Production 538,959 253,391 792,350 526,523 207,523 734,046
OVERALL OVERALL 715,528 380,825 1,096,353 698,509 316,095 1,014,604

Table B.44: Number of work hours (thousands) used in normalized analysis – by region and function –
2017
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 22,924 21,547 44,471 22,924 21,547 44,471
Africa Production 139,683 33,611 173,294 139,683 33,611 173,294
Africa OVERALL 162,607 55,158 217,765 162,607 55,158 217,765
Asia / Australasia Drilling 23,307 15,574 38,881 23,228 14,946 38,174
Asia / Australasia Production 83,064 75,691 158,755 83,011 74,100 157,111
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 106,371 91,265 197,636 106,239 89,046 195,285
Europe Drilling 16,110 17,169 33,279 16,110 17,169 33,279
Europe Production 50,698 58,337 109,035 50,698 58,337 109,035
Europe OVERALL 66,808 75,506 142,314 66,808 75,506 142,314
Middle East Drilling 67,094 25,246 92,340 65,267 25,246 90,513
Middle East Production 191,880 53,688 245,568 189,982 53,688 243,670
Middle East OVERALL 258,974 78,934 337,908 255,249 78,934 334,183
North America Drilling 44,137 17,320 61,457 44,137 17,320 61,457
North America Production 100,009 17,951 117,960 100,009 17,951 117,960
North America OVERALL 144,146 35,271 179,417 144,146 35,271 179,417
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 12,941 9,562 22,503 12,941 9,562 22,503
Russia & Central Asia Production 75,104 18,741 93,845 75,104 18,741 93,845
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 88,045 28,303 116,348 88,045 28,303 116,348
South & Central America Drilling 27,247 21,013 48,260 27,247 21,013 48,260
South & Central America Production 113,126 96,763 209,889 113,126 96,763 209,889
South & Central America OVERALL 140,373 117,776 258,149 140,373 117,776 258,149
OVERALL Drilling 213,760 127,431 341,191 211,854 126,803 338,657
OVERALL Production 753,564 354,782 1,108,346 751,613 353,191 1,104,804
OVERALL OVERALL 967,324 482,213 1,449,537 963,467 479,994 1,443,461

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Table B.45: Number of work hours (thousands) used in normalized analysis – by region and function –
2018
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 24,684 17,178 41,862 22,200 15,019 37,219
Africa Production 162,651 37,935 200,586 159,654 37,935 197,589
Africa OVERALL 187,335 55,113 242,448 181,854 52,954 234,808
Asia / Australasia Drilling 12,459 22,266 34,725 12,459 21,746 34,205
Asia / Australasia Production 90,993 82,077 173,070 90,301 82,077 172,378
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 103,452 104,343 207,795 102,760 103,823 206,583
Europe Drilling 18,481 16,794 35,275 17,833 16,131 33,964
Europe Production 50,194 51,134 101,328 47,507 47,341 94,848
Europe OVERALL 68,675 67,928 136,603 65,340 63,472 128,812
Middle East Drilling 66,581 18,379 84,960 66,581 18,379 84,960
Middle East Production 243,134 40,198 283,332 243,134 40,198 283,332
Middle East OVERALL 309,715 58,577 368,292 309,715 58,577 368,292
North America Drilling 39,795 16,825 56,620 39,795 16,815 56,610
North America Production 104,810 15,871 120,681 104,810 14,594 119,404
North America OVERALL 144,605 32,696 177,301 144,605 31,409 176,014
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 9,095 6,663 15,758 9,095 6,663 15,758
Russia & Central Asia Production 74,121 18,998 93,119 40,744 18,998 59,742
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 83,216 25,661 108,877 49,839 25,661 75,500
South & Central America Drilling 26,041 22,643 48,684 24,574 21,709 46,283
South & Central America Production 113,630 91,335 204,965 113,238 90,114 203,352
South & Central America OVERALL 139,671 113,978 253,649 137,812 111,823 249,635
OVERALL Drilling 197,136 120,748 317,884 192,537 116,462 308,999
OVERALL Production 839,533 337,548 1,177,081 799,388 331,257 1,130,645
OVERALL OVERALL 1,036,669 458,296 1,494,965 991,925 447,719 1,439,644

Table B.46: Number of work hours (thousands) used in normalized analysis – by region and function –
2019
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 20,792 20,548 41,340 21,127 19,094 40,221
Africa Production 174,420 47,330 221,750 176,115 47,330 223,445
Africa OVERALL 195,212 67,878 263,090 197,242 66,424 263,666
Asia / Australasia Drilling 22,114 42,620 64,734 22,114 42,772 64,886
Asia / Australasia Production 118,525 130,944 249,469 119,533 130,944 250,477
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 140,639 173,564 314,203 141,647 173,716 315,363
Europe Drilling 19,079 18,479 37,558 19,026 18,416 37,442
Europe Production 59,875 61,339 121,214 59,579 61,339 120,918
Europe OVERALL 78,954 79,818 158,772 78,605 79,755 158,360
Middle East Drilling 70,283 21,414 91,697 70,283 21,414 91,697
Middle East Production 187,993 61,364 249,357 187,993 61,364 249,357
Middle East OVERALL 258,276 82,778 341,054 258,276 82,778 341,054
North America Drilling 50,100 20,463 70,563 50,068 20,463 70,531
North America Production 133,103 15,767 148,870 133,103 15,767 148,870
North America OVERALL 183,203 36,230 219,433 183,171 36,230 219,401
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 12,325 5,995 18,320 12,706 5,995 18,701
Russia & Central Asia Production 96,674 11,070 107,744 96,674 11,070 107,744
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 108,999 17,065 126,064 109,380 17,065 126,445
South & Central America Drilling 33,987 19,593 53,580 44,328 19,593 63,921
South & Central America Production 152,727 83,078 235,805 152,727 83,078 235,805
South & Central America OVERALL 186,714 102,671 289,385 197,055 102,671 299,726
OVERALL Drilling 228,680 149,112 377,792 239,652 147,747 387,399
OVERALL Production 923,317 410,892 1,334,209 925,724 410,892 1,336,616
OVERALL OVERALL 1,151,997 560,004 1,712,001 1,165,376 558,639 1,724,015

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Table B.47: Number of work hours (thousands) used in normalized analysis – by region and function –
2020
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 15,810 8,880 24,690 15,810 8,880 24,690
Africa Production 135,737 32,149 167,886 135,737 32,149 167,886
Africa OVERALL 151,547 41,029 192,576 151,547 41,029 192,576
Asia / Australasia Drilling 19,938 40,588 60,526 19,938 40,588 60,526
Asia / Australasia Production 138,246 121,868 260,114 138,246 121,868 260,114
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 158,184 162,456 320,640 158,184 162,456 320,640
Europe Drilling 15,268 14,751 30,019 15,268 14,751 30,019
Europe Production 55,587 47,666 103,253 55,587 47,666 103,253
Europe OVERALL 70,855 62,417 133,272 70,855 62,417 133,272
Middle East Drilling 66,111 21,173 87,284 66,111 21,173 87,284
Middle East Production 159,572 72,294 231,866 159,572 72,294 231,866
Middle East OVERALL 225,683 93,467 319,150 225,683 93,467 319,150
North America Drilling 25,876 15,674 41,550 25,876 15,674 41,550
North America Production 74,799 10,400 85,199 74,799 10,400 85,199
North America OVERALL 100,675 26,074 126,749 100,675 26,074 126,749
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 8,183 4,411 12,594 8,183 4,411 12,594
Russia & Central Asia Production 79,220 4,495 83,715 79,220 4,495 83,715
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 87,403 8,906 96,309 87,403 8,906 96,309
South & Central America Drilling 28,098 22,435 50,533 28,098 22,435 50,533
South & Central America Production 103,830 63,399 167,229 103,830 63,399 167,229
South & Central America OVERALL 131,928 85,834 217,762 131,928 85,834 217,762
OVERALL Drilling 179,284 127,912 307,196 179,284 127,912 307,196
OVERALL Production 746,991 352,271 1,099,262 746,991 352,271 1,099,262
OVERALL OVERALL 926,275 480,183 1,406,458 926,275 480,183 1,406,458

Table B.48: Number of work hours (thousands) used in normalized analysis – by region and function –
2021
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 16,762 13,253 30,015 16,762 13,253 30,015
Africa Production 130,438 36,688 167,126 130,438 36,688 167,126
Africa OVERALL 147,200 49,941 197,141 147,200 49,941 197,141
Asia / Australasia Drilling 21,527 43,702 65,229 21,527 43,702 65,229
Asia / Australasia Production 114,293 126,118 240,411 114,293 126,118 240,411
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 135,820 169,820 305,640 135,820 169,820 305,640
Europe Drilling 9,521 15,597 25,118 9,521 15,597 25,118
Europe Production 57,266 62,427 119,693 57,266 62,427 119,693
Europe OVERALL 66,787 78,024 144,811 66,787 78,024 144,811
Middle East Drilling 73,407 23,020 96,427 73,407 23,020 96,427
Middle East Production 195,866 73,324 269,190 195,866 73,324 269,190
Middle East OVERALL 269,273 96,344 365,617 269,273 96,344 365,617
North America Drilling 19,711 13,818 33,529 19,711 13,818 33,529
North America Production 149,964 10,100 160,064 149,964 10,100 160,064
North America OVERALL 169,675 23,918 193,593 169,675 23,918 193,593
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 10,287 3,791 14,078 10,287 3,791 14,078
Russia & Central Asia Production 127,083 11,306 138,389 127,083 11,306 138,389
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 137,370 15,097 152,467 137,370 15,097 152,467
South & Central America Drilling 44,178 17,386 61,564 44,178 17,386 61,564
South & Central America Production 105,369 77,327 182,696 105,369 77,327 182,696
South & Central America OVERALL 149,547 94,713 244,260 149,547 94,713 244,260
OVERALL Drilling 195,393 130,567 325,960 195,393 130,567 325,960
OVERALL Production 880,279 397,290 1,277,569 880,279 397,290 1,277,569
OVERALL OVERALL 1,075,672 527,857 1,603,529 1,075,672 527,857 1,603,529

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Table B.49: Number of work hours (thousands) used in normalized analysis – by region and function –
2022
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 22,403 13,328 35,731 22,403 13,328 35,731
Africa Production 136,907 42,802 179,709 136,907 42,802 179,709
Africa OVERALL 159,310 56,130 215,440 159,310 56,130 215,440
Asia / Australasia Drilling 7,342 42,770 50,112 7,342 42,770 50,112
Asia / Australasia Production 115,617 117,043 232,660 115,617 117,043 232,660
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 122,959 159,813 282,772 122,959 159,813 282,772
Europe Drilling 15,135 17,600 32,735 15,135 17,600 32,735
Europe Production 65,502 71,814 137,316 65,502 71,814 137,316
Europe OVERALL 80,637 89,414 170,051 80,637 89,414 170,051
Middle East Drilling 50,476 26,918 77,394 50,476 26,918 77,394
Middle East Production 116,261 80,917 197,178 116,261 80,917 197,178
Middle East OVERALL 166,737 107,835 274,572 166,737 107,835 274,572
North America Drilling 24,187 15,787 39,974 24,187 15,787 39,974
North America Production 166,896 12,517 179,413 166,896 12,517 179,413
North America OVERALL 191,083 28,304 219,387 191,083 28,304 219,387
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 6,985 5,454 12,439 6,985 5,454 12,439
Russia & Central Asia Production 65,023 35,196 100,219 65,023 35,196 100,219
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 72,008 40,650 112,658 72,008 40,650 112,658
South & Central America Drilling 26,452 20,052 46,504 26,452 20,052 46,504
South & Central America Production 105,934 81,958 187,892 105,934 81,958 187,892
South & Central America OVERALL 132,386 102,010 234,396 132,386 102,010 234,396
OVERALL Drilling 152,980 141,909 294,889 152,980 141,909 294,889
OVERALL Production 772,140 442,247 1,214,387 772,140 442,247 1,214,387
OVERALL OVERALL 925,120 584,156 1,509,276 925,120 584,156 1,509,276

Table B.50: Number of work hours (thousands) used in normalized analysis – by region and function –
2023
Tier 1 Tier 2
Region Function
Onshore Offshore OVERALL Onshore Offshore OVERALL
Africa Drilling 24,744 20,045 44,789 24,744 20,045 44,789
Africa Production 132,727 45,392 178,119 132,727 45,392 178,119
Africa OVERALL 157,470 65,437 222,907 157,470 65,437 222,907
Asia / Australasia Drilling 22,405 53,378 75,784 22,405 53,378 75,784
Asia / Australasia Production 129,433 140,233 269,666 129,433 140,233 269,666
Asia / Australasia OVERALL 151,838 193,611 345,450 151,838 193,611 345,450
Europe Drilling 14,972 16,052 31,024 14,972 16,052 31,024
Europe Production 74,332 69,665 143,997 74,332 69,665 143,997
Europe OVERALL 89,304 85,717 175,021 89,304 85,717 175,021
Middle East Drilling 154,302 51,013 205,315 154,302 51,013 205,315
Middle East Production 255,008 108,036 363,044 255,008 108,036 363,044
Middle East OVERALL 409,310 159,049 568,359 409,310 159,049 568,359
North America Drilling 41,071 16,166 57,237 41,071 16,166 57,237
North America Production 177,140 17,736 194,876 177,140 17,736 194,876
North America OVERALL 218,211 33,902 252,113 218,211 33,902 252,113
Russia & Central Asia Drilling 8,883 5,372 14,255 8,883 5,372 14,255
Russia & Central Asia Production 74,594 23,555 98,149 74,594 23,555 98,149
Russia & Central Asia OVERALL 83,477 28,927 112,404 83,477 28,927 112,404
South & Central America Drilling 26,317 32,355 58,672 26,317 32,355 58,672
South & Central America Production 114,103 89,798 203,901 114,103 89,798 203,901
South & Central America OVERALL 140,419 122,153 262,572 140,419 122,153 262,572
OVERALL Drilling 292,694 194,382 487,076 292,694 194,382 487,076
OVERALL Production 957,336 494,415 1,451,751 957,336 494,415 1,451,751
OVERALL OVERALL 1,250,030 688,797 1,938,827 1,250,030 688,797 1,938,827

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Section 8 Company results

Table B.51: PSE rate by company 2023
Company code Tier 1 PSE rate Tier 2 PSE rate
MV 1.28 3.55
DF 0.67 1.35
BL 0.59 0.30
XG 0.47 1.13
PL 0.46 0.00
GO 0.37 0.89
TA 0.24 0.97
LK 0.22 0.04
OY 0.21 0.21
OG 0.21 0.10
EP 0.20 1.00
PU 0.17 0.13
EI 0.17 0.00
LQ 0.15 0.00
JU 0.14 0.27
JC 0.13 0.39
FW 0.13 0.21
BV 0.12 0.60
SC 0.11 0.13
WL 0.08 0.11
XV 0.06 0.22
JX 0.04 0.39
EE 0.04 0.06
HV 0.04 0.05
HB 0.04 0.00
FJ 0.03 0.28
SB 0.03 0.12
KH 0.01 0.01
PJ 0.00 0.60
QC 0.00 0.52
VR 0.00 0.52
PS 0.00 0.34
JB 0.00 0.28
HS 0.00 0.15
GI 0.00 0.10
XL 0.00 0.05
TP 0.00 0.04
DM 0.00 0.00
EC 0.00 0.00
GK 0.00 0.00
GP 0.00 0.00
KG 0.00 0.00
KO 0.00 0.00
OL 0.00 0.00
OP 0.00 0.00
OV 0.00 0.00
SD 0.00 0.00
SK 0.00 0.00
TH 0.00 0.00
VC 0.00 0.00
VJ 0.00 0.00
YJ 0.00 0.00

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Appendix C - Countries represented

The table below shows the 107 countries for which PSE data were reported in 2014.

Table C.1: Countries represented – 2014 PSE database

Region Country Region Country

Africa Algeria Russia & Central Asia Azerbaijan
Angola Kazakhstan
Benin Russia
Cameroun Turkmenistan
Chad Middle East Iran
Congo Iraq
Drc - Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Jordan
Zaire) Kuwait
Egypt Oman
Equatorial Guinea Palestine
Ethiopia Qatar
Gabon Saudi Arabia
Ghana Syria
Guinea Turkey
Ivory Coast UAE
Kenya Yemen
Liberia North America Canada
Libya Mexico
Madagascar USA
Mauritania South & Central America Argentina
Morocco Aruba
Mozambique Bolivia
Namibia Brazil
Nigeria Chile
Senegal Colombia
Sierra Leone Ecuador
South Africa Falkland Islands
Sudan French Guiana
Tanzania Guatemala
Tunisia Guyana
Uganda Peru
Asia / Australasia Australia Suriname
Bangladesh Trinidad & Tobago
Brunei Uruguay
Cambodia Venezuela
China
East Timor
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
Myanmar
New Zealand
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Europe Austria
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Denmark
France
Germany
Greenland
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Lithuania
Malta
Monaco

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Region Country Region Country

Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
UK
Ukraine

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The table below shows the 100 countries for which PSE data were reported in 2015.

Table C.2: Countries represented – 2015 PSE database

Region Country Region Country

Africa Algeria Russia & Central Asia Azerbaijan
Angola Kazakhstan
Chad Russia
Congo Turkmenistan
Egypt Middle East Iran
Equatorial Guinea Iraq
Ethiopia Jordan
Gabon Kurdistan Region Of Iraq
Ghana Kuwait
Guinea Oman
Ivory Coast Palestine
Kenya Qatar
Liberia Saudi Arabia
Libya Syria
Madagascar Turkey
Mauritania UAE
Morocco Yemen
Mozambique North America Canada
Namibia Jamaica
Nigeria Mexico
Senegal USA
Sierra Leone South & Central America Argentina
South Africa Aruba
Sudan Bolivia
Tanzania Brazil
Tunisia Chile
Uganda Colombia
Asia / Australasia Australia Ecuador
Bangladesh Falkland Islands
Brunei Guyana
China Peru
East Timor Suriname
India Trinidad & Tobago
Indonesia Uruguay
Japan Venezuela
Malaysia
Myanmar
New Zealand
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Tadjikistan
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Europe Austria
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Denmark
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Monaco
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Spain
UK
Ukraine

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The table below shows the 95 countries for which PSE data were reported in 2016.

Table C.3: Countries represented – 2016 PSE database

Region Country Region Country

Africa Algeria Russia & Central Asia Azerbaijan
Angola Kazakhstan
Chad Russia
Congo Turkmenistan
Drc - Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Middle East Iran
Zaire) Iraq
Egypt Jordan
Equatorial Guinea Kurdistan Region Of Iraq
Gabon Kuwait
Ghana Oman
Ivory Coast Qatar
Kenya Saudi Arabia
Liberia UAE
Libya Yemen
Madagascar North America Canada
Mauritania Jamaica
Morocco Mexico
Mozambique USA
Namibia South & Central America Argentina
Nigeria Aruba
Senegal Bolivia
South Africa Brazil
Sudan Colombia
Tanzania Ecuador
Tunisia Falkland Islands
Uganda Guyana
Asia / Australasia Australia Peru
Bangladesh Suriname
Brunei Trinidad & Tobago
China Uruguay
East Timor Venezuela
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
Myanmar
New Zealand
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Thailand
Vietnam
Europe Albania
Austria
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Denmark
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Monaco
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Spain
UK
Ukraine

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The table below shows the 96 countries for which PSE data were reported in 2017.

Table C.4: Countries represented – 2017 PSE database

Region Country Region Country

Africa Algeria Russia & Central Asia Azerbaijan
Angola Georgia
Chad Kazakhstan
Congo Russia
Egypt Turkmenistan
Equatorial Guinea Middle East Iran
Ethiopia Iraq
Gabon Kurdistan Region Of Iraq
Ghana Kuwait
Ivory Coast Oman
Kenya Qatar
Liberia Saudi Arabia
Libya Turkey
Mauritania UAE
Morocco Yemen
Mozambique North America Canada
Namibia Jamaica
Nigeria Mexico
São Tomé and Príncipe USA
Senegal South & Central America Argentina
South Africa Aruba
Sudan Bolivia
Tanzania Brazil
Tunisia Colombia
Uganda Ecuador
Asia / Australasia Australia Falkland Islands
Bangladesh Guyana
Brunei Peru
China Suriname
East Timor Trinidad & Tobago
India Uruguay
Indonesia Venezuela
Japan
Malaysia
Myanmar
New Zealand
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Tadjikistan
Thailand
Vietnam
Europe Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Romania
Spain
UK
Ukraine

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The table below shows the 94 countries for which PSE data were reported in 2018.

Table C.5: Countries represented – 2018 PSE database

Region Country Region Country

Africa Algeria Russia & Central Asia Azerbaijan
Angola Georgia
Chad Kazakhstan
Congo Russia
Egypt Turkmenistan
Equatorial Guinea Middle East Iran
Ethiopia Iraq
Gabon Kurdistan Region Of Iraq
Ghana Kuwait
Ivory Coast Oman
Kenya Qatar
Liberia Saudi Arabia
Libya Turkey
Mauritania UAE
Morocco Yemen
Mozambique North America Canada
Namibia Jamaica
Nigeria Mexico
São Tomé and Príncipe USA
Senegal South & Central America Argentina
South Africa Aruba
Tanzania Bolivia
Tunisia Brazil
Uganda Colombia
Asia / Australasia Australia Ecuador
Bangladesh Falkland Islands
Brunei French Guiana
China Guyana
India Peru
Indonesia Suriname
Japan Trinidad & Tobago
Malaysia Uruguay
Myanmar Venezuela
New Zealand
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Europe Albania
Austria
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Denmark
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
UK
Ukraine

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The table below shows the 87 countries for which PSE data were reported in 2019.

Table C.6: Countries represented – 2019 PSE database

Region Country Region Country

Africa Algeria Russia & Central Asia Azerbaijan
Angola Georgia
Chad Kazakhstan
Congo Russia
Egypt Turkmenistan
Equatorial Guinea Middle East Iran
Gabon Iraq
Ghana Kurdistan Region Of Iraq
Ivory Coast Kuwait
Kenya Lebanon
Libya Oman
Mauritania Qatar
Morocco Turkey
Mozambique UAE
Namibia Yemen
Nigeria North America Canada
São Tomé and Príncipe Mexico
Senegal USA
South Africa South & Central America Argentina
Tunisia Bolivia
Uganda Brazil
Asia / Australasia Australia Colombia
Bangladesh Ecuador
Brunei Falkland Islands
China French Guiana
India Guyana
Indonesia Peru
Japan Suriname
Malaysia Trinidad & Tobago
Myanmar Venezuela
New Zealand
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Europe Albania
Austria
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Denmark
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Spain
UK
Ukraine

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The table below shows the 71 countries for which PSE data were reported in 2020.

Table C.7: Countries represented – 2020 PSE database

Region Country Region Country

Africa Algeria Russia & Central Asia Azerbaijan
Angola Georgia
Chad Kazakhstan
Congo Russia
Egypt Turkmenistan
Equatorial Guinea Middle East Iraq
Gabon Kurdistan Region Of Iraq
Ghana Kuwait
Ivory Coast Lebanon
Libya Oman
Mauritania Qatar
Mozambique Turkey
Nigeria UAE
Senegal North America Canada
South Africa Mexico
Tunisia USA
Uganda South & Central America Argentina
Asia / Australasia Australia Bolivia
Brunei Brazil
China Colombia
India Ecuador
Indonesia Guyana
Japan Peru
Malaysia Trinidad & Tobago
Myanmar Venezuela
New Zealand
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Thailand
Vietnam
Europe Albania
Austria
Croatia
Cyprus
Denmark
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Spain
UK
Ukraine

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Table C.8: Countries represented – 2021 PSE database

Region Country Region Country

Africa Algeria Russia & Central Asia Azerbaijan
Angola Georgia
Chad Kazakhstan
Congo Russia
Egypt Turkmenistan
Equatorial Guinea Middle East Bahrain
Gabon Iraq
Ghana Israel
Ivory Coast Kurdistan Region Of Iraq
Kenya Kuwait
Liberia Lebanon
Libya Oman
Mauritania Qatar
Mozambique Turkey
Namibia UAE
Nigeria Yemen
Senegal North America Canada
South Africa Mexico
Tunisia USA
Uganda South & Central America Argentina
Asia / Australasia Australia Bolivia
Bangladesh Brazil
Brunei Colombia
China Ecuador
India Falkland Islands
Indonesia Guyana
Japan Peru
Malaysia Suriname
Myanmar Trinidad & Tobago
New Zealand Venezuela
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Europe Albania
Austria
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Denmark
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Romania
Spain
UK

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Table C.9: Countries represented – 2022 PSE database

Region Country Region Country

Africa Algeria Russia & Central Asia Azerbaijan
Angola Georgia
Cameroon Kazakhstan
Chad Turkmenistan
Congo Middle East Iraq
Egypt Israel
Equatorial Guinea Kurdistan Region Of Iraq
Gabon Kuwait
Ghana Oman
Ivory Coast Qatar
Kenya Turkey
Libya UAE
Mauritania Yemen
Mozambique North America Canada
Namibia Mexico
Nigeria USA
São Tomé and Príncipe South & Central America Argentina
Senegal Bolivia
Tunisia Brazil
Uganda Colombia
Asia / Australasia Australia Ecuador
Bangladesh Guyana
Brunei Peru
China Suriname
India Trinidad & Tobago
Indonesia Venezuela
Japan
Malaysia
Myanmar
New Zealand
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Thailand
Vietnam
Europe Albania
Austria
Croatia
Cyprus
Denmark
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Spain
UK

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Table C.10: Countries represented – 2023 PSE database

Region Country Region Country

Africa Algeria Russia & Central Asia Azerbaijan
Angola Georgia
Cameroon Kazakhstan
Congo Turkmenistan
Egypt Middle East Iraq
Equatorial Guinea Israel
Gabon Kurdistan Region Of Iraq
Ghana Kuwait
Ivory Coast Lebanon
Kenya Oman
Libya Qatar
Mauritania Turkey
Morocco UAE
Mozambique Yemen
Namibia North America Canada
Nigeria Mexico
Senegal USA
Tunisia South & Central America Argentina
Uganda Bolivia
Asia / Australasia Australia Brazil
Bangladesh Colombia
Brunei Ecuador
China Guyana
India Peru
Indonesia Suriname
Japan Trinidad & Tobago
Malaysia Venezuela
Myanmar
New Zealand
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Europe Albania
Austria
Belgium
Croatia
Cyprus
Denmark
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
UK

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Appendix D - Glossary of terms

A glossary of terms related to PSE and Safety performance indicators can be found in 2023s – Safety
performance indicators – 2023 data or online at https://data.iogp.org/Safety/Glossary/.

Asset integrity
Asset integrity is related to the prevention of major incidents. It is an outcome of good design, construction and
operating practice. It is achieved when facilities are structurally and mechanically sound and perform the
processes and produce the products for which they were designed.

Barrier
A risk control that seeks to prevent unintended events from occurring, or prevent escalation of events into
incidents with harmful consequences.

Explosion [From API RP 754]

A release of energy that causes a pressure discontinuity or blast wave (e.g., detonations, deflagrations, and rapid
releases of high pressure, e.g., a sudden phase change of material).

Fatality
Involves one person who died as a result of a work-related incident.

Fire [From API RP 754]

Any combustion resulting from an LOPC, regardless of the presence of flame. This includes smouldering,
charring, smoking, singeing, scorching, carbonizing, or the evidence that any of these have occurred.

First aid
A consequence of an event that required medical attention, often consisting of one-time, short-term treatment
and requiring little technology or training to administer. First aid can include cleaning minor cuts, scrapes, or
scratches; treating a minor burn; applying bandages and dressings; the use of non-prescription medicine;
draining blisters; removing debris from the eyes; massage; and drinking fluids to relieve heat stress. A full list of
14 first aid treatments is provided by IOGP [3]. First aid cases are not classified as recordable incidents for the
purpose of reporting to IOGP but may be used by companies as a criterion for reporting of events as Tier 3 KPIs.

Hospital admission [From API RP 754]

Formal acceptance by a hospital or other inpatient health care facility of a patient who is to be provided with
room, board, and medical service in an area of the hospital or facility where patients generally reside at least
overnight.

Treatment in the hospital emergency room or an overnight stay in the emergency room would not by itself qualify
as a ‘hospital admission’.

ipieca
The global oil and gas association for advancing environmental and social performance across the energy
transition.

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IOGP safety performance indicators – process safety events - 2023 data

Loss of primary containment (LOPC)

An unplanned or uncontrolled release of any material from primary containment, including nontoxic and non-
flammable materials (e.g. steam, hot water, nitrogen, compressed CO2 or compressed air). Note: The duration of
the material release is assessed from the beginning of the release to the end of the release, not from the
beginning of the release to the containment or mitigation of the release. [From API RP 754]

For well operations, any unplanned or uncontrolled release to the surface (seabed or ground level) should be
included. LOPC is a type of event. An unplanned or uncontrolled release is an LOPC irrespective of whether the
material is released into the environment, or into secondary containment, or into other primary containment not
intended to contain the material released under normal operating conditions.

Lost Work Day Case (LWDC)

Any work-related injury, other than a fatal injury, which results in a person being unfit for work on any day after
the day of occurrence of the occupational injury. “Any day” includes rest days, weekend days, leave days, public
holidays or days after ceasing employment.

Major incident
Hazardous event that results in:

multiple fatalities or severe injuries, or

extensive damage to structure, installation or plant, or
large-scale impact on the environment (e.g. persistent and severe environmental damage that can lead to
loss of commercial or recreational use, loss of natural resources over a wide area or severe environmental
damage that will require extensive measures to restore beneficial uses of the environment).

NOTE 1: This definition is adapted from ISO 17776 [4].

NOTE 2: This definition is intended to incorporate terms such as ‘major accident’.

Material release threshold quantity

The weight of gas, liquid, or solid material released from an LOPC which, if exceeded, results in the event being
recordable as either a Tier 1 or 2 PSE. The threshold quantities are described more fully in API RP 754 and follow
the UNDG classification system.

Planned shutdown (as a PSE mode of operation)

A planned shutdown is the activity of shutting down a process unit normally for planned maintenance or a
turnaround.

Precautionary (evacuation, public protective measure, shelter-in-place) [From API RP 754]

A measure taken from an abundance of caution.

For example, a Company may require all workers to shelter-in-place in response to an LOPC independent of or
prior to any assessment (e.g., wind direction, distance from the LOPC, etc.) of the potential hazard to the
workers.

For example, a recognized community official (e.g. fire, police, civil defence, emergency management) may order
a community shelter-in-place, evacuation, or public protective measure (e.g. road closure) in the absence of
information from a Company experiencing a process safety event, or ‘just in case’ the wind direction changes, or
due to the sensitive nature of the potentially affected population (e.g. school children, the elderly).

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Pressure relief device (PRD) [From API RP 754]

A device designed to open and relieve excess pressure (e.g. safety valve, thermal relief, rupture disk, rupture pin,
deflagration vent, pressure/vacuum vents).

NOTE: A PRD discharge is a LOPC due to the nature of the unplanned release. The PRD discharge is evaluated
against the consequence criteria to determine if it is a Tier 1 or 2 PSE.

Primary containment
A tank, vessel, pipe, truck, rail car, or other equipment designed to keep a material within it, typically for
purposes of storage, separation, processing or transfer of gases or liquids. The terms vessel and pipe are taken
to include containment of reservoir fluids within the casing and wellhead valving to the surface.

Primary containment also includes closed systems that have a pressure boundary such that there is no exposure
of process material to the atmosphere. Where there is a pressure boundary, liquids and vapors are recovered or
controlled, and at no time is material directly in contact with the atmosphere. Examples include closed drainage
or collection systems, rapid de-inventory systems, double-walled tanks, etc.

Process
Facilities used in well and production operations in the oil and gas industry. This includes rigs and process
equipment (e.g. vessels, piping, valves, boilers, generators, pumps, compressors, exchangers, refrigeration
systems) and includes storage tanks, ancillary support areas (e.g., boiler houses and waste water treatment
plants), on-site remediation facilities, and distribution piping, wells and other well operations equipment – see
note below - (e.g., rig equipment, well control equipment, fluid storage pits/tanks, degassers, temporary
pipework, frac pumps, flow-back & well test equipment, coil tubing, etc.) under control of the company.

Note: well operations equipment is only considered part of the process while connected to the well.

Process safety [From API RP 754]

A disciplined framework for managing the integrity of hazardous operating systems and processes by applying
good design principles, engineering, and operating and maintenance practices. It deals with the prevention and
control of events with the potential to release hazardous materials or energy. Such releases can result in toxic
effects, fire or explosion, and could ultimately result in serious injuries, property damage, lost production and
environmental impact.

Process Safety Event (PSE) [From API RP 754]

An unplanned or uncontrolled release of any material including non-toxic and non-flammable materials (e.g.
steam, hot water, nitrogen, compressed CO2 or compressed air) from a process, or an undesired event or
condition, that under slightly different circumstances, could have resulted in a release of material. See IOGP
Report 456, Process safety - Recommended practice on Key Performance Indicators.

Process Safety Event Rate (PSER)

The number of process safety events per 1,000,000 (1 million) applicable work hours (applicable total hours
worked includes employees and contractors for applicable company functions within the scope of reporting and
refers to IOGP Safety Data Reporting User Guide for further details on scope and definitions).

Process safety related

Process safety related events are those which do not meet the specific criteria to be classified as Tier 1 or 2
process safety events but which have learning potential in the prevention of process safety events.

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Sabotage
Deliberately destroy, damage, or obstruct (something).

Secondary containment [From API RP 754]

An impermeable physical barrier specifically designed to mitigate the impact of materials that have breached
primary containment (i.e., an LOPC). Secondary containment systems include, but are not limited to tank dikes,
curbing around process equipment, open drainage collection systems, trenches, pits, open sumps, the outer wall
of open top double-walled tanks, etc.

Shelter-in-place [From API RP 754]

The use of a structure or portion of a structure and its indoor atmosphere to temporarily separate individuals
from a potentially hazardous outdoor atmosphere.

Threshold: Material release threshold quantity

The weight of gas, liquid, or solid material released from an LOPC which, if exceeded, results in the event being
recordable as either a Tier 1 or 2 PSE. The threshold quantities are described more fully in API RP 754 and follow
the UNDG classification system.

Tier
One of the four levels of the IOGP framework for process safety KPIs as described in this report, which is in turn
based on the API RP 754.

Turnaround (as a PSE mode of operation)

A planned, periodic shut down (total or partial) of a process unit or plant to perform maintenance, overhaul and
repair operations and to inspect, test and replace process materials and equipment. This is after a planned
shutdown.

United Nations Dangerous Goods (UNDG) [From API RP 754]

A classification system used to evaluate the potential hazards of various materials when released, which is used
by most international countries as part of the product labelling or shipping information [5].

Unspecified (in general)

Unless otherwise defined, data are categorized as unspecified where the requested breakdown is not available.
No data provided.

Wilful damage
Wilful or malicious damage or destruction of the property of another.

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The Process Safety Event data presented in
this Report are based on voluntary
submissions from participating IOGP
Member Companies and are not
necessarily representative of the entire
upstream oil and gas industry.

The Process Safety Events (PSE) data

presented are based on the numbers of
Tier 1 and Tier 2 PSE reported by
participating IOGP Member companies, and
are categorised by:

onshore and offshore

drilling and production
activities
consequences
material released

https://data.iogp.org