100%(2)100% found this document useful (2 votes) 6K views34 pagesClass 10 Life Process Mind Map and Notes
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- Introduction to Life Processes
- Nutrition
- Respiration
- Transportation
- Excretion
BYJU'S
POST CLASS NOTES
Life Phecesses co 1. Nutition
ts 2, Respivaton
@ ee —_ [Link]
= 4, Excretion 1 Nuthition
————
Organic or inorganic chemical substances required for survival
* Carbohydnates + Proteins» Fats & Vitamins * Minenals
1.1 TYPES OF NUTRITION
ft) 1 TYRES OF MUTRITION Cay,
— Piitoreaa cca
Auto - Self, Trophic - Feeding
enone antag) ——
Hetero — Other/ Different
Prepare their own food Depend on others for food
+ Chemosyrthesis + Saprophytic
Preparing food using chemical energy | Absorption of nutwients from dead
eg. Sulphur Oxidising Bacteria and Meullene gr Fung
5 + Parasitic
: Prete - Absorb nutrients from the host organism
Preparing food using ligt energy eg. Leech, Cuscuta
eg, Plarits, Algae
+ Holozoic
660, + stomata - on leaf
> lerticels - on stem, vost
_o~ Guard Cal
- Stomatal Pove
~ Chloroplast
OS Oa
s Respinatory organs
+ Moist Skin/ Lungs > Frog
Moist Skin > Earthworm
Gills > Fish
PeeWee cman ua)
+ Via, cell membrane
(dinect diffusion)
Ordiffues O02
into Amoeba —affuses out
© Trachea > Insects
+ Lungs > Marnmals
Breathing eae
+ Physical process + Chemical process
+ No nelease of energy + Energy is released
+ Modes of breathing aiffer + Process of respination is
among organises samme in all ay
ans
Respiratory
Sipe Tn Othe
nganisms
——
Unicellulan
eganisms
Absence of 02
Lactic Acid
Presence of 02
Carbon dioxide +
Chamber,
Pharynx, Larynx,
lkachea,
— Bronchioles,
ali Largest arten
utes
throughout the
(The pumping organ)
MI
the body that =
a eae =
Eee ereene)
Se
Callects deorygenated Cannes
blood from the the ings tothe
superion part ity
the body to the RA of
Behar
~ Receives
blood from the ur
TS vo
fromthe vena cava 3
- On contraction, it pumps . ~ On contraction, it
blood into the RV through | pumps blood into the
trewpid valve s) .
iiss
po
reverts backflow of —~ ETN
blood from RV to RA y . Preverts backflow of
when RV contracts, the blood from L\/ to
LA when LV contracts
Wet ead ” EERIE
Collects deoxygenated \
aie oad | = Tickest chamber of
of the badly tothe RA of the heart
the heart SSR ~ Response forthe
+
~ Receives nts the
eee
To.
~ Pars blood into the rom pubronary all pats of the body
ay or tou aa
Pa ofthe bady that lis above heart Supevion |
Part of the body that lies below heart - Inferion |
* * 3.2. Blood Vessels 3
Heart —* Aorta —*» Arteries —» Arterioles On
Capillavies
Vena cava <— Veins <— Venules
GL SAS aS
/ ——
+ Carwies blood away from heart + Carwies blood towards the heart
* Blood flows under high pressure + Blood flows under low pressure
* Hasthick elastic wall * Has thin inelastic wall,
* Does not have valves, + Has valves to prevert backflow of blood
* Carvies except * = except
elect
+ The pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the blood vessels,
* Nowmal blood pressure
Systolic pressures
120 Pressure of blood on walls of artery during vertricular corttaction,
g 0 Diastolic pressure:
The pressure of blood on walls of artery during veritriculan
‘ph a te
relaxation, ss 3.3. Blood ihe
Cortain hemoglobin and WHITE BLOOD CELLS|
ce Ldetfy and destroy
pathogens
Pa
Finer PLATELETS}
Flu part ofthe blood ae Pie
urvies small amourits of hormones, electrolytes, ng.
waste products and gases,
Colorless tissue fluid that mostly consists of white blood cells,
«Functions — Carwies digested and absorbed fat from intestine ito the blood,
— Drains excess fluid from extra cellular spaces back into the blood, —= 31. Deuble Cinculatehy Syston ==
Mclaren
Blood passes through the heart twice during each cycle,
PULMONARY VEIN}
acne
Tecarvies is of the heart
from the RV tothe lungs for
oxygenation of blood,
the heart tothe rest of
the body.
to
Very thin walled and allow the exchange
dl materials between and blood and
adjacent tissues of the body, —=3.5. Thanspeht in otheh ani
omen Tua yl Cn
x Three chambered heart
* Double circulation
“blood capillaries in lungs
HIS
alt avi iazsiecl a
sagen blood while left Va
aitvium veceives oxygenated
blood
Mixing of oxygenated and
veritricles,
» Blood capillaries for rest of
the body
These animals does ndt use energy to maintain body temperature,
deoxygenated blood occurs in
erect Nc Oe
* Two chambered heart 3.6. Thanspehtation in Plants ==
% Transportation of food and waiter takes place separately in plarits,
+ Transports hand ital fom Xion,
rodtto all other parts of the plarit, Fibers
The flow is unidivectional, Xylem
areata
ieee Meee od
XYLEM
LOSS Cae
ic pressure in vodts whict walter column upwards as there is
Osmo vodts which Kepulls the umn upwards as th
causes sap to vise in the plant, a cortinuous loss of water from leaves,
* Transport of food through phloem is called translocation,
* Thanslocate sugar, amino acids, proteins and other ions,
* ATP is used to transport sugar from leaves to phloem, Se
+ The flow is bidinectional, fe ae
en nsible for translocation in phloem
eee
Osmotic pressure is responsible for the ¢ ‘ N
transfer of substances from phloem to Phloem PHLOEM — ~~ Phloem Fibres
tissues where food is required, parenchyrna
~~ Comparion Cell Circulatory system of
amphibians
5 oath heart 1. Evchetion
ea eon Wreu
Process of removing metabolic waste from the body,
N
2,
()
Ler ry
© Mtvagenous
Po
Ne
waste (Ammonig—e Kidney
© Blood free from toxic|
waste comes out of
kidney via renal vein
A Aad aPag
ea shaped bag,
muscular and elastic
supe unine from
ureters
+ Stores urine temporarily
a n shaped
a (l-at
(urea + uric acid)
+ Formation of urine
S re jalance
+ H20 and satt balance
CVE SG
= blood along with
some impurities into the
kidney,
LA Oa
luscular elastic tube,
connected to urinary bladder
. fu urine from kidney to
urinary bladder (by peristalsis) 42 Sthuctune of Nephi ———
+ Fach kidney has abait milion nephron,
+ Functional unit of Kidney
Neen
i of bload under high ie acids, glucose, sats and == extract
pressure to form primary water are reabsorbed back in additional N wastes from
une which is "aL/ doy ‘day sunwounding blood by diffusion | blood and forms final urine
é Fhostich is 2 1 / day
: he that
(on = receives final
of capillanies | urine and
which forms a knot i conceritrates it,
4
up shaped tubule
around glomerulus,
Collects primary urine,
—Long tubule with coiled and looped region,
sses The primary urine and forms final urine,
UL UT)
Kidney =~ oe Uneten
l=
Renal Vein " ——— Urine a bladder
— 6; hel Artery ee
palin == 13 frlificial kidney —————$—S—
* Used during kidney failure
+ Fitters blood via dalsing fluid
* Only removes wastes like urea and uric acid by diffusion
* Notubular reabsonption
Blood with toxic @
J vases
{ x viatyser @
ie ae remove the te vases ond uid from the blood
Dialysate
Toxic wastes
Excretion in Plarits
Plants do not possess special excretory organs, but they excrete either by
eliminating wastes from their body or by storing them
GASEOUS EXCHANGE _ 0, and H,0 — released during respination
~ 0, released during photosynthesis
STORAGE Converted in gum, resins or latex and stored in old xylem (wood)
- Waste products stored in the leaves, bark and fruits are removed
by shedding of leaves, peeling of bark and felling of fruits,
TRANSPIRATION — —Excess waiter is eliminated Functional Unre- Kidney Failure
Nephron
Renal Tubule
~ Tubular Reabsonption
Artificial Cit Key)
Bowman's Capsule
— Uttrafittnation
~ Tabular Secretion BBYJU'S
CHAPTER NOTES
Heredity re 1, Basics of Heredity
@ | 2. Mendel's Experiments
3, Sex determination =
(@ Impentant touns
———
* Heredity
Transmission of characters from one generation to the next,
4 Chromosomes
Rod-ike structures containing genetic information, They are visible at the time of
cell division,
x Gene
Functional segment of DNA that cortains necessary information for syrthesising prateins,
x Alleles
Atternative forms of genes that occupy the same position on a particular chromosome,
4 Homezygous
The two alleles for a particular character ane same (Tort),
+ Heterozygous
The two alleles for a particular character ave different (7,
Dominart allele
*
In heterozygous condition, the allele which express itself physically, *«
=
(@ Impentant touns
a
Recessive allele:
In heterozygous condition, the allele which remains unexpressed physically,
Phenotype
Expressed visible character which are genetically cortrolled (Tall, Dwar),
Genotype
Genetic constitution of a character (TT, Ft tt),
F4 Generation
Genevation of hybrids produced from a cross between genetically different individuals,
F2 Generation
Generation of hybrids produced from a cross amongst individuals of
F4 generation,
Sex Chromosomes
Chromosomes that determine whether the individual is male or female,
Autosomes
Chromosomes other than that of sex chromosomes, 1 basics of Horcdity ———
* Chromosomes present in the nucleus carry genetic information,
+ Humans have 46 chromosomes,
eatery. eca
+ Chromosomes exists in pairs, one coming from each parent,
lar \ = (* = \ \
Character _> Eye colour
Broun colour Blue colour
Alleles: Atternative forms /vaviarts of a gene SS}. 2. Mendes Expeniments
CP ucuvere
+ Father of genetics + Studied inheritance in pea plarits
+ Put forth 3 laws of inheritance
Waseca
* Swale REL + Many ER
* Bisexual flowers x Can be cross-pollinated
PSU Resa sae Ce
Seed Flower Pod Pod Flower
coloux colour shape — colour position
TLS
erre eat
White Constricted Yellow —Teryninal Menchybrid Crss_—_- —————
4) Vem anes INT
When a cross is made considering asingle chawacten,
Phendype | Tall Plat x Dwarf Plant Law of dominance
n heterozygous condita
Genotype _> the factor on gene which
; == expresses itself physically is
—_= called ‘iat and the
other which remain
maa” is called
aw of segregation
The two alleles for a
chavacter will segregate
from each other during
Phenatypic vattio in ie generation = Tall : dwarf
337
ieee tect
a: 2 24
Genotypic vation F, generation : We. Dihybrid Cra
When a cross is made considering two characters,
Phenctype Y ellow, round Green,
_ seed x UWUrinkled seed
Gendtype > YY RR yee
en ee)
FA generation > Tyke Law of independeri
Yellow, round seed assortment
States that th
Yellow, round seed * Yellow, round seed Mtoe
YyRe x YyRr
YR hy ye PT
YYRR |YYR | RR | wv rR
e @ |e |e -
YY Re LY Ymme |g Re | gtr Phenotypic ratio in F,
Q & @ : » generation:
YykR | Yur yh yg" 72-2.
. eee [Link]
Yue | Yyre yyke gyre @:@:0:0@
e |@ |@ |e : SS: 3. SwDdoonindion
‘The process of determining the sex of an organism, based on the composition of the
genetic material or environmerital factors such as temperature,
Wee LoCo tari
Promo >
S25 Pairs) San
C fitomes Stee Chromosomes ”)
C fitemes > 22 Pairs) Sex Camames
Seqnegaition OH x)
bye x) o. xX ) Gametes
@ ©@
@ x Lx
QQ woe
Conclusion
Tn humans, the chances of offspring being male is 50% and being female is 50%
