Fu Fy e s Ab d t Du hsc Ns Tb Nb Tu Ag Anv Ae An Ant t1 l
Ultimate stress of the material (Ksi) Yield stress of the material (Ksi) edge distance (in) bolt spacing (in) Load resistance Factor Nominal area of bolt (in2) Nominal diameter of bolt (in) thickness of the critical material mean slip coefficeint multiplier hole factor Number of Slip Planes minimum bolt tension (kips) number of bolts carrying the applied tension
tension force due to LRFD combinations (kips) Gross sectional area (in2) Net area subjected to shear (in2) Effective net area (in2) Net area (in2) Net area subjected to tension (in2) End Projection angle length
Design strength of bolts
Connection Types
Force Type at Connection
Bolt design strength ( R n)
Shear only a) when e 1.5d, s 3d Bolt holes deformation No Blot shear strength =( Rn) Rn= FnAb Bearing strength at bolt holes =( Rn) For bolt nearsest the edge For remaining bolts b) When e < 1.5d or s < 3d or for a single bolt in line of force. For single bolt hole or the bolt hole nearest the edge when there are two or more bolt holes in the line of force Rn= etFu 2.4dtFu For remaining holes Rn= (s-d/2)tFu 2.4dtFu Rn= etFu 3dtFu Rn= (s-d/2)tFu 3dtFu Yes Rn= 2.4dtFu
Bearing type connections
Tension only
Bolt tensile strength =( Rn) Rn= FnAb
Shear & Tension a) when e 1.5d, s 3d Bolt holes deformation Bolt tensile strength =( Rn) Rn= FnAb Bearing strength at bolt holes =( Rn) No For bolt nearsest the edge For remaining bolts b) When e < 1.5d or s < 3d or for a single bolt in line of force. For single bolt hole or the bolt hole nearest the edge when there are two or more bolt holes in the line of force Rn= etFu 2.4dtFu For remaining holes Rn= (s-d/2)tFu 2.4dtFu Rn= etFu 3dtFu Rn= (s-d/2)tFu 3dtFu Yes Rn= 2.4dtFu
Connection Types
Shear Only
a) when e 1.5d, s 3d Bolt holes deformation
Yes No
Rn= 2.4dtFu
Slip resistance =( Rn)
Rn=D uhsc TbNs
Blot shear strength =( Rn) Rn= FnAb
Bearing strength at bolt holes =( Rn)
For bolt nearsest the edge For remaining bolts b) When e < 1.5d or s < 3d or for a single bolt in line of force. For single bolt hole or the bolt hole nearest the edge when there are two or more bolt holes in the line of force Rn= etFu 2.4dtFu For remaining holes Rn= (s-d/2)tFu 2.4dtFu
Rn= etFu
3dtFu
Rn= (s-d/2)tFu 3dtFu
Slip Critical Connections
Shear & Tension a) when e 1.5d, s 3d Bolt holes deformation Slip resistance =( K sRn)
Rn=D uhsc TbNs
Yes No
Rn= 2.4dtFu
Ks= 1-Tu/(DuTbNb)
Blot shear strength =( Rn) Rn= FnAb
Bearing strength at bolt holes =( Rn)
For bolt nearsest the edge For remaining bolts b) When e < 1.5d or s < 3d or for a single bolt in line of force. For single bolt hole or the bolt hole nearest the edge when there are two or more bolt holes in the line of force Rn= etFu 2.4dtFu For remaining holes Rn= (s-d/2)tFu 2.4dtFu
Rn= etFu
3dtFu
Rn= (s-d/2)tFu 3dtFu
In all the cases, the design strength
Rn must equal or exceed the required strength Ru
Limiting Design Strength
Connecting Elements Force
Bolts
Shear
Bolt Shear strength =( Rn) Rn= FnAb If If
D/C= Ru / Rn O.K Ru / Rn
1 Review the design
Tension
tensile yielding of angle =( Rn) Rn=FyAg If If Rn Ru O.K Rn < Ru Review the design
tensile rupture of angle =( Rn) Rn=FuAe If If Rn Ru O.K Rn < Ru Review the design
Shear
Angle
Shear yielding of angle =( Rn) Rn=0.6FyAg If If Rn Ru O.K Rn < Ru Review the design
Shear rupture of angle =( Rn) Rn=0.6FuAnv If If Rn Ru O.K Rn < Ru Review the design
a) When F uAnt 0.6FuAnv Rn=0.6FyAgr+FuAnt Block Shear Strength =( Rn) If If Rn Ru Rn < Ru O.K Review the design
b) When FuAnt < 0.6FuAnv Rn=0.6FuAnv+FyAgt If If Rn Ru Rn < Ru O.K Review the design
a) when e 1.5d, s 3d Bolt holes deformation
Yes No
Rn= 2.4dtF u Rn
Ru
Bolt bearing on angles =( Rn)
For bolt nearsest the edge For remaining bolts b) When e < 1.5d or s < 3d or for a single bolt in line of force. For single bolt hole or the bolt hole nearest the edge when there are two or more bolt holes in the line of force Rn= etFu 2.4dtF u For remaining holes Rn= (s-d/2)tF u 2.4dtF u If If Rn Ru O.K Rn < Ru Review the design
Rn= etFu If If
3dtFu Rn Ru O.K Rn < Ru Review the design
Rn= (s-d/2)tF u 3dtFu
Design Check
a) when e 1.5d, s 3d Bolt holes deformation
Yes No
Rn= 2.4dtF u If If Rn Ru O.K Rn < Ru Review the design
Beam
Bolt Bearing on Beam Web =( Rn)
For bolt nearsest the edge For remaining bolts b) When e < 1.5d or s < 3d or for a single bolt in line of force. For single bolt hole or the bolt hole nearest the edge when there are two or more bolt holes in the line of force Rn= etFu 2.4dtF u For remaining holes Rn= (s-d/2)tF u 2.4dtF u If If Rn Ru O.K Rn < Ru Review the design
Rn= etFu If If
3dtFu Rn Ru O.K Rn < Ru Review the design
Rn= (s-d/2)tF u 3dtFu
a) when e 1.5d, s 3d Bolt holes deformation
Yes No
Rn= 2.4dtF u
Bolt Bearing on
For bolt nearsest the edge For remaining bolts b) When e < 1.5d or s < 3d or for a single bolt in line of force. For single bolt hole or the bolt hole nearest the edge when there are two or more bolt holes in the line of force Rn= etFu 2.4dtF u For remaining holes Rn= (s-d/2)tF u 2.4dtF u If If Rn Ru O.K Rn < Ru Review the design
Rn= etFu If If
3dtFu Rn Ru O.K Rn < Ru Review the design
Column
Beam Web =( Rn)
Rn= (s-d/2)tF u 3dtFu
Inputs Units Length force stress Beam End reactions Rd= inch kips ksi
Inputs
Dead load (D) Rl= live load (L) Rw= Wind load (W) Rs= Snow Load (S) Rlr= Roof live load (Lr) Re= Eq. Load (E) Rr= Nominal load due to initial rainwater or ice exclusive of the ponding contribution (R) Ru= as per the load combination defined below
Criteriea
Calculate Bolt design Strength ( Rn)
LRFD Load Combinations 1.4D 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5(Lr or S or R) 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or S or R) + (0.5L or 0.8W) 1.2D + 1.3W + 0.5L + 0.5(Lr or S or R) 1.2D 1E + 0.5 L + 0.2S 0.9D (1.3W or 1E) Bolt Type Bolt Dia Material Properties Elements Designation Beam Column Angles W36x231 W14x90 2L5x3 1/2 Specifications ASTM A992 ASTM A992 A36 Fy (ksi) 50 50 36 Fu (ksi) 65 65 58 ASTM A325-N 3/4 inch=
Minimum number of Bolts, n1=Ru / Rn
Assume suitable Number of Bolts (n), edge (e), spacing (s) and gauge (g)
0.75 inch
Assume angle thickness (t)
Design Check
Geometric Properties Beam W36x231 Column Angles Criterias Connection type = Force Type = W14x90 2L5x3 1/2
tw = tf =
0.76 0.71
Design not safe
Bolts
No
n Rn Ru
limiting shear strength of bolt groups (n Rn)
Bearing Type connection Shear and torsion
Yes
Angle
Bolt bearing on angle ( Rn)
Shear yielding ( Rn)
shear rupture ( Rn)
block shear rupture ( Rn)
Design is Safe
Beam
Bolt bearing on Beam Web ( Rn) Bolt bearing on Beam Web ( Rn) Rn Ru
Yes
Design is Safe
Column
No
Design not safe
Design of Double angle connection is complete
Angle lengthAngle thickness Minimum spacing in any directionMinimum edge distanceAnet= t (W-dh) for single row of bolt t(W-ndh) Anet can never be lesser than 0.85Ag s= g=
Minimum angle length shoud be one half of the "T" dimension of the beam to Pg 1481 b Maximum is 5/8 inch 2 2/3 (2.667) d (AISC J 3.3) Sheared edge is the worst case (from table J 3.4)
LRFD Manual
for n number of bolts across the section
centre to centre spacing of fastener in a row, also called fastner pitch centre to centre spacing of bolts along perpendicular direction to the line of force In lap joint it is the centre to centre distance between rows of fastener ref. Steel Buildings (Green Book) pg 210 total shear strength of the section (Fv) =
Check Shear on net Area of Angles
0.3*FuAv
(when tension is there strength strength is reduced to 30% of the minimum specified tensile strength)
the thickness required for shear=
Fu= Minimum specified tensile strength t=Ru/[Fv(l-ndh)n1] l= length of angle Fv= Shear strength of one angle dh= hole diameter n1= number of angles
8.5 inch
t, Angle Thickness
t1, End Projection e1 e2, edge distance s, bolt spacing
l, Angle length
Beam
e1, end distance
g, gauge
Column
Beam
Beam
Beam
ge distance
