December test – Test 1: Chapter 1

Part 1: Multiple choice (60 minutes)

1. Sodium chloride is a liquid at 900 °C.
How are the particles arranged and how do the particles move in sodium chloride at 900 °C?
arrangement of particles motion of particles
A regular vibrate about a fixed point
B regular move randomly
C random vibrate about a fixed point
D random move randomly

2. Table below gives the information about physical states of 4 substances A, B, C, D

Which substance out of A, B, C and D is unlikely to represent a real substance?

AA
BB
CC
DD

3. The compound magnesium nitrate has the formula Mg(NO3)2. It is a solid at room
temperature. Which is the most likely melting point of pure magnesium nitrate?
A 88,9 °C B 10 °C C -150 °C D 172-173 °C

4. Which statement about the states of matter is incorrect?

A There are only 3 states of matter
B There are more than 3 states of matter
C Liquids, Gases and Solids are the 3 most common states
D Liquids, Gases and Solids can be changed into each other

5. Diagrams X, Y, Z represents the three states of matter.

In which changes do the particles move further apart?

A X to Y
B X to Z
C Y to Z
D All the those above

6. Which change of state takes place during sublimation

A Solid to Liquid
B Liquid to Gas
C Liquid to Solid
D Solid to Gas

7. The changes that occur when a substance changes state are shown below.

Which process, W, X, Y or Z is occurring in the following four situations

1 Ice melts on a hot day
2 Water vapor comes together to form raindrops
3 Wet clothes get dried out
4 Ice forms inside a freezer
1 2 3 4
A W X Y Z
B W Y Z Z
C Y Z W X
D Z W X Y

8. The diagram shows the result of dropping a purple crystal into water
Which statement about the process taking place in the beaker is incorrect?
A The color will spread faster if a heater is applied to raise the temperature of the liquid
B 3 processes taking place include chemical reaction, diffusing and dissolving
C The dissolving step starts before the diffusion
D Stirring speeds up the process of color spreading

9. Two gas jars each contain a different gas. The gas jars are connected and the cover slip are
removed. The diagram below shows what happens to the particles of the gases.

Which process(es) has (have) occurred?

A Chemical reaction
B Dissolving and Diffusion
C Diffussion
D Evaporation and Diffusion

10. A liquid is heated until it boils

Which observation proves that the liquid in the test-tube is pure water?
A The thermometer reads 100 °C
B Steam is produced
C It starts boiling after 30 minutes
D Bubles form at the botton of the tube

11. In which process do particles move closer together but remain in motion?
A Condensation
B Desublimation
C Diffusion
D Freezing

12. What are the processes W, X, Y, Z alongside the the processes of changing from solid to
gas (1) and gas to solid (2) are called respectively, given the diagram below:

W X Y Z 1 2
A Condensing Boiling Freezing Melting Desublimation Sublimation
B Condensing Freezing Boiling Melting Sublimation Desublimation
C Melting Boiling Freezing Condensing Sublimation Deposition
D Melting Boiling Condensing Freezing Sublimation Desublimation
13. Diagrams X, Y, Z represents the three physical states of substance M.

Which statement about the physical states of substance X is correct?

A Particles in state X vibrate about a fixed positions and move around quickly and randomly
B State X changes to state Y via diffusion
C Substance M in state Z has a fixed volume
D The shape of Y depends on the containers

14. Hydrogen chloride and ammonia are gases which are given off by cotton wool soaked in
concentrated solutions and placed at either end of a glass tube as shown. When the gases
react together they produce ammonium chloride, a white solid. Which line on the diagram
correctly shows where the ammonium chloride is formed?

A. B B. D C. A D. C

15. A substance was analysed and was found to have a boiling point of 450 °C. At room
temperature it is a soft grey solid. Which temperature could be the melting point of a pure
sample of the substance?
A -12 °C
B 56-72 °C
C 250-275 °C
D 142 °C
16. Determine the boiling point and the melting point of substance X, given the picture below

A 65-25 °C for both boiling point and melting point

B More than 65 °C and less than 25 °C
C 25 °C for boiling point and 65 °C for melting point
D None of them are correct

Use below information to answer the questions 17 to 22

The table below shows the melting points, boiling points and densities of elements A to E.

17. Which of these elements are gases at room temperature?

A A and C B A and E C C and E D A, C and E

18. Which of these elements are liquids at room temperature?

AC BD C C and D D B, C and D

19. Which of these elements are solids at room temperature?

AB B B and D CD D C and D

20. Which 2 of these elements are more likely to be metals?

A B and D B B and C C C and D D A and B

21. Which of these elements is most likely to be Hg?

AA BB CC DD

22. Which of these elements will be liquids at -210 °C?

A A and E BE CA DD

Use below information to answer the questions 23 to 26

The table below shows the melting points, boiling points of 5 different elements (Kelvin
celsius, room temperature is 298K)

23. What is the physical state of Hg at 650K?

A Liquid B Gas C Solid D Plasma

24. Which of these elements are gases liquids at room temperature? (Sai đề không tính)
A Br and Fe B Br and O C O and Hg D Br and Hg

25. Which of these elements are solids at room temperature?

A Hg, Fe and P B Fe and Hg C Fe and P D P and Hg

26. Which of the elements will boil first if the temperature is raised from room temperature?
AO B Br C Hg DP
27. Walking through a coffee shop, it is possible to smell the coffee. The phenomenon can be
explained by which of these process?
A Evaporation B Boiling C Sublimation D Diffusion

28. When laying railway track, gaps have to be left between the length of the track. This can
be explained by?
A Expansion B Contraction C Diffusion D Brown movement

29. Which temperature is most likely the boiling point of pure water on a high mountain?
A 98 °C B 100 °C C 110 °C D 0 °C

30. Which of the following substances can experience sublimation?

A Iodine and Solid CO2 B Mercury and Iron
C Iodine and Water C Water and Mercury

31. Pollen grains are mixed with water and observed under a microscope. Dust particles in
the air are also observed in the same way. What causes the grains and dust particles to move
randomly in the environments?
A Diffusion B Brown motion C Crystallyzation D Condensing

32. A wet piece of cloth can become dry at room temperature. This can be explained by?
A Boiling B Evaporation C Sublimation D Melting

33. Which statement about diffusion is incorrect?

A It cannot occur in solid state
B The speed depends on how heavy the molecules are and how hot the system is
C Diffusion in liquid state is the faster than in gas state
D Eventually, diffusion leads to an even distribution of different particles throughout the
environment

34. Put these gases: Oxygen (32 amu), Nitrogen (28 amu), Carbon dioxide (44 amu),
Chlorine (71 amu) and Fluorine (38 amu) in the order of ascending rate of diffusion.
A Nitrogen < Oxygen < Carbon dioxide < Fluorine < Chlorine
B Nitrogen < Oxygen < Fluorine < Chlorine < Carbon dioxide
C Nitrogen < Oxygen < Fluorine < Carbon dioxide < Chlorine
D Oxygen < Fluorine < Chlorine < Nitrogen < Carbon dioxide

35. A bubble of methane (gaseous state) rises from the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. As it
rises, the bubble gets bigger. This can be explained by?
A Compressibility of gas
B Chemical reaction
C Boiling
D Sublimation

36. The following image illustrates the structure of which state?

A Solid
B Liquid
C Gas
D Plasma

37. A student placed a crystal of a blue dye at the bottom of a beaker of water. After 5
minutes, the crystal disappeared (1). After 1 day, the solution was blue (2).
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A (1) is dissolving, (2) is diffusion
B The time needed for (1) is shorter than (2)
C The blue color after 1 day is lighter than the one observed in the water after 5 minutes
D The rate of the whole process will be speeded up when a cooling system is applied

38. What is always true for a pure substance?

A It always boils at 100 °C
B It contains only one type of atom
C It has a sharp melting point
D It is solid at room temperature

39. The diagrams show the arrangement of particles in three different physical states of
substance X.

Which statement about the physical states of substance X is correct?

A Particles in state 1 vibrate about fixed positions
B State 1 changes to state 2 by diffusion
C State 2 changes directly to state 3 by condensation
D The substance in state 3 has a fixed volume
40. Which statement about liquids and gases is correct?
A 1cm3 of gas contains more particles than 1cm3 of liquid
B A given mass of liquid has a fixed volume at room temperature
C Particles in a liquid can easily be forced closer together
D Particles in a liquid have fixed positions

Part 2: Short answer (50 minutes)

1. Ethanol is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3CH2OH. Ethanol is
naturally produced by the fermentation process of sugars by yeasts to make bread or beers..
A pure sample of ethanol(g) is cooled down from from 100 oC to -130 oC. The result is shown
in the graph below.

a. Is this a heating curve or a cooling curve? Why?

Cooling curve, because the temperature is going down through time
.....................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... .
b. Name the process that occurs in the region Q to R. Finish the equilibrium below
Condesation + Boiling
.....................................................................................................................................................
G
L ⇄ Ethanol(....)
Ethanol(....)
c. Name the process that occurs in the region S to T. Finish the equilibrium below
Melting + Freezing
.....................................................................................................................................................
L
S ⇄ Ethanol(....)
Ethanol(....)
 d. What is the state of matter of ethanol at room temperature? Explain.
Liquid, because room temperature is 25 degrees and the freezing point of
.....................................................................................................................................................
ethanol is -114.1 degrees and the boiling point of ethanol is 78.37 degrees
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
e. What is the melting point of ethanol?
-114.1 degrees
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f. What is the boiling point of ethanol?
78.37 degrees
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g (optional). If the sample is not pure, will it be boiling at higher or lower temperature than a
pure sample? Explain.
If .....................................................................................................................................................
the sample is not pure, it will boil at a higher temperature than a pure
sample due to the presence of impurities that elevate the boiling point
.....................................................................................................................................................
because more energy is required to overcome the intermolecular forces .
.....................................................................................................................................................
h (optional). If the sample is not pure, will it be freezing at higher or lower temperature than
a pure sample? Explain.
If the sample is not pure, it will freeze at a lower temperature than a pure
.....................................................................................................................................................
sample due to the presence of impurities that lower the freezing point
.....................................................................................................................................................
because the formation of this structure is inhibited, leading to a lower freezing
point.....................................................................................................................................................
compared to the pure substance.

2. When the colourless gases hydrogen bromide and ethylamine come into contact, a white
solid is formed.

The following apparatus can be used to compare the rates of diffusion of the two gases
ethylamine and hydrogen bromide at 25 oC.

Given that that density of Ethylamine = 0.689 g/mL, and Hydrogen Bromide = 0.331 g/mL
 a. Predict at which position, A, B or C, the white solid will form. Explain your choice.
The position should be around A because Hydrogen Bromide is around1/2
.....................................................................................................................................................
the density of Ethylamine. Meaning that the rate of diffusion would be fast
.....................................................................................................................................................
because if the density is low the speed will be high
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
b. Name the process that indcuces the contact of hydrogen bromide and ethylamine gases.
chemical reaction
.....................................................................................................................................................
c. What will be different in observation of the experiment is repeated at 50 oC? Explain
As the temperature goes up, the energy level also go up meaning that
..................................................................................................................................................... the
speed will be faster making the diffusion rate faster. So the white solid will
.....................................................................................................................................................
form faster than at room temperature.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................

3. Explain the following phenomena:

a. When being place in hot water, salt can dissolve faster than in cold water.
When placed in hot water, salt can dissolve faster due to increased kinetic
.....................................................................................................................................................
energy of water molecules.
.....................................................................................................................................................
b. Many droplets of water appear on the windshield of the cars early in the morning.
Many droplets of water appear on car windshields early in the morning due
.....................................................................................................................................................
to condensation.
.....................................................................................................................................................
c. The aroma of food in the kitchen can be detected in the opposite direction of the room.
The aroma of food in the kitchen can be detected in the opposite direction
.....................................................................................................................................................
due to diffusion
.....................................................................................................................................................
d. When being placed at room temperature, a piece of dry ice disappears after a day.
Dry ice disappears at room temperature due to sublimation, turning directly
.....................................................................................................................................................
from solid to gas.
.....................................................................................................................................................
e. A methane bubble gets bigger as it rises up from the bottom of the ocean.
Methane bubble gets bigger as it rises due to decreasing pressure
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
f (optional). The water can easily be boiled at higher altitudes up in the mountain than in the
delta flatland.
Water boils easily at higher altitudes due to lower atmospheric pressure.
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