Cas 12

Previous Years CBSE Board Questions

10.2 Huygens Principle proper diagram to show how
the
after refraction focusses on the leins
ncident
VSA (1 mark)
wavefront traverses through the
and
1.
State Huygens principle of difraction of light. of the lens, giving the shape of the{ocal point
(AIemer2016
gent
wavefront.
(AI2011C)
10.3 7. Explainthe following, giving reasons:
Refraction and Reflection of (i) When monochromatic light is
Plane Waves using Huygens On a surface
separating two
reflected and refracted light
inciad,entthe
medi
Principle the same frequency as
the both have
SA (2 marks) frequency. incident
(ii) When light travels from a rarer
2. Define wavefront of atravelling wave. denser medium, the speed decreases
Using Huygens principle, obtain the law of Does this decrease in
refraction at a plane interface when light
passes trom a rarer to a denser medium.
reduction in the energy speed imply a
carried by the
wave ?
(2020) (iii) In the wave picture of light, intensity
3. Define the term 'wavefront of light. A plane of light is determined by the
wave front AB propagating from denser of the amplitude of the wave. square
What
medium (1) into a rarer medium (2) is determines the intensity in the photon
incident on the surface PP, separating the picture of light? (AI 2016)
twomedia as shown in figure. 8. Use Huygens principle to show how aplane
Using Huygen's principle, draw the secondary wavefront propagates from a denser to
wavelets and obtain the refracted wavefront rarer medium. Hence verify Snell's law of
in the diagram. (2020) refraction. (AI 2015)
B
9. A plane wavefront propagating in a medium
of refractive index 'u' is incident ona plane
surface making the angle of incidence i as
P. A P shown in the figure. It enters into a medium
of refraction of refractive index 'u (4>
Mi). Use Huygens' construction of secondary
LA I (3 marks) wavelets to trace the propagation of the
4. Define the term wavefront. Using Huygens refracted wavefront. Hence verify Snell's law
wave theory, verify the law of reflection. of refraction. (Foreign 2015)
(Delhi 2019)
Define the term, "refractive index" of a
medium. Verify Snel's law of refraction
when a plane wavefront is propagating from
a denser to a rarer medium. (Delhi 2019)
6. Define the term wavefront. State Huygen's
principle. Consider a plane wavefront 10. Use Huygen's principle to verify the laws of
incident on a thin convex lens. Draw a refraction. (Delhi 201)
 Using Huygens' principle draw
a
showing how a plane wave gets diagram (b) Verify, using Huygen's principle, Snell's
when it is incident on the refracted law of refraction ofa plane wave propagating
a rarer
medium
from a surface separating from a denser to a rarer medium.
verify Snell's law denser medium. (c) When monochromatic light is incident
Hence of
refraction.
(AT 2011C)
On a surface separating two media, the
reflected and refracted light both have the
LA I 5 marks) same frequency. Explain why. (Delhi 2013C)
What is a wavefrot? 18. Define awavefront. Use Huygens' geometrical
How does it
Using Huygens principle, explain propagate?
construction to show the propagation of a
reflection plane wavefront from a rarer medium to
of a plane wavefront from a surface and a denser medium undergoing refraction.
verify the laws of reflection (2/5, 2020) Hence derive Sncll's law of refraction.
13. Define
a wavefront. UsingHuygen's (Foreign 2012)
verifythe laws of reflection: at a planeprinciple
surface. 19. (a) Use Huygens' geometrical construction
(2018) to show the behaviour of a plane wavefront
14. Define wavefront. Use Huygen's principle to (1) passing through a biconvex lens.
verify the laws of refraction. (3/5, AI 2017) (ii) reflecting by a concave mirror.
la) Define a wavefront. How is it diferent (b) When monochromatic light is incident
from a ray? on a surface separating two media, why does
the refracted light have the same frequency
(b) Depict theshape of a wavefront in each as that of the incident light? (Foreign 2012)
of the following cases.
(i) Light diverging from point source. 20. (i) A plane wavefront approaches a plane
(ii) Light emerging out of a convex lens surface separating two media. If medium
when a point source is placed at its focus. one' is optically denser and medium two' is
(iii) Using Huygen's Construction of optically rarer, using Huygens' principle, ex
plain and show how a refracted wavefront is
secondary wavelets, draw adiagram showing constructed.
the passage of a plane wavefront from a (i) Hence verify Snell's law.
denser into a rarer medium. (AI 2015C)
(iii) When a light wave travels from rarer to
16. (a) State Huygen's principle. Using this denser medium, the speed decreases. Does it
principle draw a diagram to show how a imply reduction in its energy? Explain.
(Foreign 2011)
plane wavefront incident at the interface
of the two media gets refracted when it 10.4 Coherent and Incoherent
propagates from ararer to a denser medium.
Hence verify Snell's law of refraction.
Addition of Waves
(b) When monochromatic light travels VSA (1 mark)
from a rarer to a denser medium, explain the
following, giving reasons: 21. Define the term 'coherent sources' which are
(i) Is the frequency of reflected of
and required to produce interference pattern in
Young's double slit experiment.
refracted light same as the frequency (Delhi2014C)
incident light?
(ii) Does the decrease in speed imply a SA (2 marks)
reduction in the energy carried by light
wave?
(Delhi 2013) 22. (a) Write the conditions under which light
construction sources can be said to be coherent.
17. (a) Use Huygen's geometrical (b) Why is it necessary to have coherent
wave-front at t = 0
to show how a plane wave-front at a sources in order to produce an interference
Propagates and produces a pattern? (AI2013C)
later time.
10.5 Interference of Light Waves 29. Laser light of wavelength 640 ass12
nm
and Young's Experiment
apair of slits produces an
in which the bright fringesinte incident
rference
wavelengthseparofatpaedt ernby
are
7.2 mm. Calculate the
VSA (1 mark) source of light which produces
another
23. In Young's double slit experiment, the path
difference between two interfering waves
fringes separated by 8.1 mm
arrangement. Also find the iminnimusiteumroffnegrensamevalceue
of the order (n) of bright fringe
at a point on the screen is SA being wavelength which coincides with shorter
(AIthat2012of theC
2
longer wavelength.
wavelength of the light used. The
dark fringe willlie at this point. (2020) 30. Two slits are made one millimetre
24. If one of the slits in Young's double slit
the screen is placed one metre away.apart and
the fringe separation when What is
experiment is fully closed, the new pattern
has central maximum in angular
wavelength 500 nm is used? blue-green
light of
(Delhi 2011C,
size. (2020) 31. Laser light of wavelength 630 nm incident on
a pair of slits produces an interference r
25. Write the conditions on path difference in which the bright tringes are separated patternby
under which (i) constructive (ii) destructive 7.2 mm. Calculate the wavelength of
interference occur in Young's double slit another source of laser light which produces
experiment. (2020) interference fringes separated by 8.1 mm
using same pair of slits. (AI 2011C
SA (2 marks)
LA I (3marks)
26. The figure shows a modified Young's double
slit experimental set-up. Here SS, - SS, =W4. 32. (a) If one of two identical slits producing
interference in Young's experiment is covered
with glass, so that the light intensity passing
through it is reduced to 50%, find the ratio of
the maximum and minimum intensity of the
fringe in the interferencepattern.
(b) What kind of fringes do you expect
to observe if white light is used instead o
(a) Write the condition for constructive
interference.
monochromatic light? (2013)
(b) Obtain an expression for the fringe 33. Answer the following questions :
width. (a) In a double slit experiment using light
(AI 2019)
of wavelength 600 nm, the anguar
27. For a single slit of width 'a, the first width of the fringe formed on a distant
minimum of the interference pattern of a screen is 0.1°. Find the spacing between
monochromatic light of wavelength à occurs the two slits.
at an angle of At the same angle of
(b) Light of wavelength 500 ¢propagatny
in air gets partly reflected from
we get a maximum for two narrow slits
the surface of water. How will the
separated by a distance 'a. Explain. wavelengths and frequencies of the
reflected and refracted light be afected!
(Delhi 2014) (Delhi 2015)
28. (a) State two conditions required for 34. Why cannot two independent
obtaining coherent sources. monochromatic Sources produce sustained
the
(b) In Young's arrangement to produce interference pattern? Deduce, with
interference pattern, show that dark and help of Young's arrangement to produce
for the
bright fringes appearing on the screen are interference pattern,
fringe width.
an expression
(Foreign2015)
equally spaced. (Delhi 2012C)
WaveOptics
233
The ratio of the
35. (a) widths of two slits
Young's double slit in 40. Describe Youngs double slit experimenta
Evaluate the ratio experiment
of
is 4: 1. to produce interference pattern due to
and minima in the intensities at maxima monochromatic source of light. Deduce the
(h) Does the interference pattern.
appearance of bright and dark
expression for the fringe width. (Delhi 201 1)
fringes the interference 41. The intensity at the central maxima (0) in
any way, conservation of
pattern violate, in Young's double slit experiment is Io If the
energy? Explain. distance OP equals one-third of the fringe
(AI2015C) width of the pattern, show that the intensity
36. (a) Two monochromatic waves at point P would be (Foreign 2011)
From two coherent sources emanating
have the 4

displacements represented by
V.=a cos of and y = a cos (ot + )
where is the phase difference between the d

two displacements. Show that the resultant

intensity at a point due to their superposition D
is given by I=4 l, cos´ o/2, where I, = a'.
(b) Hence obtain the conditions for LA II (5 marks)
constructive and destructive interference.
42. Describe any two characteristic features
(AI 2014C) which distinguish between interference
17, In what way is diffraction from each slit and diffraction phenomena. Derive the
related to the interference pattern in a double expression for the intensity at a point of the
slit experiment? (1/3, Delhi 2013) interference pattern in Young's double slit
experiment. (3/5, Delhi 2019)
38. In a modified set-up of Young's double slit 43. In Young's double slit experiment, deduce
experiment, it is given that SS, - SS, = /4, the condition for (a) constructive, and
ie. the source 'S is not equidistant from the (b) destructive interference at a point on the
slits S, and S,. screen. Draw a graph showing variation of
+P intensity in the interference pattern against
position 'x on the screen. (4/5, Delhi 2016)
44. (a) Consider two coherent sources S, and S,
producing monochromatic waves to produce
interference pattern. Let the displacement of
the wave produced by S, be given by
(a) Obtain the conditions for constructive Y, =a cosot
and destructive interference at any point P and the displacement by S, be
on the screen in terms of the path difference Y, =a cos(ot +)
8= S,P - SP. Find out the expression for the amplitude
(b) Does the observed central bright fringe of the resultant displacement at a point and
lie above or below â?Give reason to support show that the intensity at that point will be
your answer. (AI2013C) |= 4a'cos'o/2.
Hence establish the conditions for
S9, (a) Why are coherent sources necessary to constructive and destructive interference.
produce a sustained interference pattern? (b) What is the effect on the interference
(b) In Young's double slit experiment using fringes in Young's double slit experiment
monochromatic light of wavelength à, the when (i) the width of the source slit is
intensity of light at a point on the screen increased; (ii) the monochromatic source is
where path difference is , is K units. Find replaced by a source of white light?
Out the intensity of light at a point where (AI2015)
path difference is /3. (Delhi 2012)
 5. (a) () ro independent nnonochromati
sOures of light cannot poduce a Show that the intennity

(orcigwlnhere0)he
interterence pattern. Give reason.
sustaincd Path ditlereneiv A/is ,/4
(ii) Liht waves cach of 40, (a) State thet inporance of
and trequeny "0 amplitude " NUrCes in the phelomenon ofM
manating
(wo oherent light
at a point. It the sOUrreN
displaements
these vaves is given by V,d os due o
om
supepose
to
(b) n Yong double
produce interterece
palten,
COnditions tor consrucive and
itertobtaineree
d
a cos (0f + ) where ) is
the hase
ditlerence between the (wo, olbtain the
expression for the resultant inteusity at the
interterence. llence deduce
lor the ringe width.
() llow does the tinge
destructive
point. the entire expeçmentalwidth get allecled,
(b) In Young's double slit Voung's is immerscd in water?
expciment, using
monochromatic light ot wavelength A, the (A20)
intensity of ight at a point on the screen 10.6 Diffraction
where path ditterence is à, is K units. Find
out the intensity of light at a point VSA (l mark)
path ditterence is /3. where
(Delli 2014) 50. lhe resolving power of a telescope can be
46. (a) ln Youngs double slit increascl by increasing
experiment,
describe brietly how bright and dark (a) wavelength of light
are obtained on the sereen kept in trontfringes (b) dianeter of objcctive
of a
double slit. Hence obtain the expression tor () length of the tube
the fringe width. (d) focal length of eyepiece. (2020)
(b) The ratio of the
intensities at minima 51. How does the angular separation between
to the nmaxima in the Young's double slit fringes in single slit ditlraction experiment
experiment is 9 : 25. Find the ratio of the change when the distance of separation
widths of the two slits.
(AL2014) between the slit and screen is doubled.
47. (a) in Young's double slit experinent, (Al2012)
derive
the condition for (i) constructive interterence
and (ii) destructive interlerence at a point SA (2 marks)
on the screen.
52. Inasingleslitditractionexperiment,thewidth
(b) A beam of light consisting of two of the slit is decreased. How will the (i) size
wavelengths, 800 nm and 600 nm is used to (ii) intensity of the central bright band be
obtain the interference fringes in a Young's aflected. Justily your answer. (2020)
double slit experiment on a screen placed
1.4 m away. If the two slits are separated by 53. Explain giving reason, how the resolving
0.28 mm, calculate the least distance from power ofacompound microscope depends
the central bright maximum where the bright on the
fringes of the two wavelengths coincide. (a) frequency of the incident light
(AI2012) (b) focal length of tlhe objective lens?
(AI 2019)
48. (a) What is the effect on the interference
fringes in a Young's double slit experiment 54. When are (wo objects just resolved? Explain.
when How can the resolving power of acompound
() the separation between the two slitsis microscope be increased? Use relevant
decreased? formula to support your answer.
(ii) the width of the source slit is increased? (Delhi 2017)
(i) the monochronmatic source is replaced 55/ Draw the intensity pattern for single st
by a source of white light? diffraction and double slit interference.
Justify your answer in each case. Hence, state two ditlerences between
(b) The intensity at the central maxima in interference and dittraction patterns.
(AI2017)
Young's double slit experimental set-up is lo
 A parallel 235
56. beam
falls on a narrow
of
light of 500 nm
slit
diffraction pattern is and the Use Huygens' principle to explain that
sCreen1 m away. It is observed resulting
observed that
on a () the central bright maxima is
twice as
Grst the wide as the other maxima.
minimum is at a
from the centre of the distance of 2.5 mm (ii) the intensity falls as We move to
width of the slit. sCTeen. Calculate the SuCcessive maxima away from the centre of
57. Yellow light (à = 6000 À) (AL2013) on cither side.
(Delhi 2014C)
Gingle slit of width 1 x1o4 illuminates
he distance between the m. Calculate (i)
63. Two wavelengths of sodium light 590 nm
and 596 nm are used, in turn to study the
either side of the central two dark lines on
the diffraction maximum, when diffraction taking place at a single slit of
pattern is vicwed
kept 1.5 maway from the slit: on a screen aperture 2 x 10 m. The distance between
spread of the first (ii) the angular the slit and the screen is L5 m. Calculate the
diffraction minimum. separation between the positions of the first
(AI 2012C) maxima of the diffraction pattern obtained
$8. Two convex lenses of
of aperture A, and A,same focal length but in the two cases.
(2/3, Delhi 2013)
as the objective (A, < A,), are used
lenses in two astronomical 64. Use Huygen's principle to explain the
telescope having
is the ratio of theiridentical eyepieces. What
formation
of diffraction pattern due to a
resolving power? Which single slit illuminated by a monochromatic
telescope will you prefer and
reason. why? Give source of light.
(Delhi 2011) When the width of the slit is made double the
59, Yellow light ( = 6000 ¢) original width, how would this affect the size
single slit of width 1x 10 m.illuminates a
Calculate the and intensity of the central diffraction band?
distance between two dark lines on
side of the central maximum, wheneither the
(Delhi 2012)
diffraction pattern is viewed on a screen kept 65. In a single slit diffraction experiment, the
1.5 m away from the slit. width of the slit is reduced to half its original
(AI2011C) width. How would this affect the size and
LAI (3 marks) intensity of the central maximum?
60. In a single slit diffraction experiment, light of (2/3, Delhi 2012C)
wavelength à illuminates the slit of width 'a' 66. Define the resolving power ofa
microscope.
and the diffraction pattern is observed on a Write two factors by which resolving power
SCreen. can be increased. (2/3, AI 2012C)
(a) Show the intensity distribution in the 67. What would be the effect on the
resolving
pattern with the angular position 9 power of the telescope if its objective lens is
(b) How are the intensity and angular width immersed in a transparent nmedium of higher
of central maxima affected when refractive index? (1/3, AL 2012C)
(i) width of slit is increased, and
68. (a) In a single slit diftraction pattern,
(1) separation between slit and screen is
decreased?
how does the angular width of the central
(2020)
maximum vary, when
61. Define resolving power of a microscope and (i) aperture of slit is increased?
write one factor on which it depends. (ii) distance between the slit and the screen
(1/3, AI 2017) is decreased?
02.A parallel beam of monochromatic light (b) How is the diffraction pattern different
falls normally on a narrow slit of width 'a to from the interference pattern obtained in
produce a diffraction pattern on the screen Young's double slit experiment?
placed parallel tothe planeof the slit. (Delhi 2011C)
 LAI (5 marks) Istimate the numlber of fringes
69. A prallel bean of light ot
S00 nnm talls on a narow slitwavelength
Youngs double slit experiment
width 0.5 mm, which can be obtwitahlnedIrimg
and the
tesulting dittrationpattern is obtained on
a SCTeen lmawav. It the tirst
within the region of (otal
the central maximum due o ac ommodatea
angular spe
single slit.
minimumis
tomed at a distalce of 2.5 mm trom the 75. Conpare the interterence patlern
(Delhi 207)
centre ot the sereen, tind the (i) vidth of
the slit, and (ii) distance of tirst
secondary
in Young' double slit experiment observed
slit dittraction paltern, pointing with single
oul three
laximum tron the centre of the screen. distinguislhing teatures. (1/5, Delhi 2016)
(3/5, 2020) 76. () State the essential
70. Detine the ternm
resolving power of a ditlraction of light. conditions
for
telescopc How will the resolving power be () Explain ditlraction of light due
etteted with the inerease in narrow single slit and the
() Wavelength ot light used. pattern of fringes on the screen, formation
of
(i) Diameter of the obiective lens. (iii) Find the relation for width of
Justity vour anSwers, (3/5, 2020)
maximum in terms of f central
wavelength Nwidth
of slit 'a and separation between slit and
71. Draw the ray diagram of an astronomical SCreen D!
telescope when the tinal image is formed (iv) Ifthe width of the slit is made double
at intinity. \Write the eNpression for the the original width, how does it affect the sive
resolving power ofthe telescope. (3/5, 2020) and intensity of the centralband?
72. In the dittraction due to a single slit (Foreign 2016)
experiment, the aperture of the slit is 3 mm. Ie 77. (a) Using Huygens' construction of

is
monochromatic light of wavelength 620 nm secondary wavelets explain how adiffraction
incident normally on the slit, calculate the pattern is obtained on a screen due to a
separationbetween first order minina and the narrow slit on which a monochromatic beam
3 order maxima on one side of the of light is incident normally.
screen.
The distance between the slit and the screen (b) Show that the angular width of the first
is 1.5 m. (2/5, Dellhi 2019) diffraction fringe is half that of the central
73. (a) In a single slit ditraction experiment, fringe.
(c) Explain why the maxima at 0 =
the width of the slit is made double the
original width. How does this aftect the size become weaker and weaker with
and intensityof the central difraction band?
Explain. increasing n. (Delhi 2015)
(b) When a tiny circular obstacle is placed 78. (a) Describe briefly how a diffraction
in the path of light from a distant source, pattern is obtained on a screen due to a single
a bright spot in seen at the centre of the narrow slit illuminated by a monochromatic
obstacle. Explain why. (3/5, 2018) sourceof light. Hence obtain the conditions
74. (a) Explain two features to distinguish for the angular width of secondary maxima
between the interference pattern in Young's and secondary minima.
double slit experiment with the diffraction (b) Two wavelengths of sodium light of
590nm and 596 nm are used in turn tostuay
pattern obtained due to a single slit.
(b) A monochromatic light of wavelength the diffraction taking place at a single slit of
aperture 2 x 10° m. The distance between
500 nm is incident normally on a single slit
of width 0.2 mm to produce a diffraction the slit and the screen is 1.5 m. Calculate
the separation between the Positions of frst
pattern.Find the angular width of the central maxima of the diffraction pattern obtained
maximum obtained on the screen. in the two cases. (AI2014)