TEMPERAMENTS

Types of Temperament: Sanguine,

Choleric, Melancholic and PhlegmaticRead
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Different types of temperament determine a person’s tendency to a behave in a certain

manner and how they perceive life. They are not the only part of the psyche. There are
also categories such as character, personality, etc. However, all these parts are closely
inter-related. But how? How do you determine your own or someone else’s type of
temperament and is it so necessary?

What is Temperament
 Temperament is a set of genetically determined psychic qualities a person possesses,
which are determined by many factors, including brain chemistry and the central
nervous system. It is an innate property of the psyche that a person can’t
change. However, a person is often able to successfully conceal certain qualities of
their temperament, while honing others. Nevertheless, in stressful situations, it is more
likely that the innate qualities will appear and not the acquired ones.
By the way, not only people have temperament but some animals, including dogs,
cats, monkeys, horses, dolphins, etc. Human and animal temperament types are in
many ways similar, the but human ones are deeper and more complicated.
The basic types of temperament are: Choleric, Sanguine, Phlegmatic, Melancholic. Now
the main focus is the ratio of these temperament types in the psyche of the individual. In
nature, there are no people with the same kind of temperament. But, a person can
possess all four types of temperament at the same time. However, one or two of them
are dominant. What does It mean?
For example, there is a personality who is 50% sanguine, 30% melancholic, 15%
phlegmatic and 5% choleric. (This is a conditional calculation since it is impossible to
measure the exact percentage.) Obviously, the dominant type is sanguine, and in most
life situations, the person will behave according to the sanguine temperament. However,
in some cases, melancholic may appear and temporarily, partially shadow the dominant
(sanguine) type. Phlegmatic and choleric also appear periodically, but more rarely and
briefly. Our quiz will help to determine your tendency to a particular temperament.
But it is impossible to say exactly when a particular temperament type will surface.
There are several hypotheses:

 One type of temperament gives way to another when it fails to cope with the
situation. For example, if something threatens a phlegmatic’s life, their choleric traits
may manifest
 A change of activity occurs due to severe or prolonged stress. After the betrayal by
her husband, the choleric woman becomes withdrawn and relives her inner melancholic
 Different temperament types emergein different areas of life. For example, in work
issues, the person is choleric, and in relationships, sanguine
However, it can’t be said that all these properties arise from nowhere. If a particular type
of temperament was not present in a person when they were born, then it will never
appear. A person may pretend to be a phlegmatic but may never truly become one.
That is, it will be terrible for a melancholic to try new things, no matter how hard they try
to be brave. And a phlegmatic will continue to work slowly, but thoughtfully, even if the
deadline has already arrived.
 Temperament and character
These are different concepts. Temperament is biologically conditioned and unchanged.
The character can change during life, although it depends partly on the structure of the
person’s nervous system. The person may be able to influence it, but at the same time,
developing or eliminating a certain trait takes a lot of time and effort.

A person’s character gets formed and changed as a result of:

 Parental education

 Self-education

 Cultural and ethical acceptance

 Self-development

 Life experience

It’s hard to say that one factor significantly changes a person’s character. A combination
of several factors is required to bring forth changes to any trait. That is, a person may
live their whole life with the type of character that was formed in their adolescence.

Temperament (T) does not “program” character (C) but there is a mutual connection
between these psycho-properties:
 T determines the dynamics, degree and method of expression of C. Both cholerics and
melancholics can be hardworking, but each of them will express this property in different
ways
 T affects what features of C are more likely to appear, and which will most likely not
arise or reach a high level of development
 Different types of T require individual approaches and incentives for the formation of
some trait of C;
 Certain properties of C help to control or even permanently suppress the characteristics
of the innate T.
Example.
Temperament. The mental processes of a phlegmatic personality are slow. The
choleric’s ones, on the other hand, are very fast.
Character. Both of these types have acquired such qualities as responsibility, hard-
work and persistence.
Situation. Two specialists are assigned to an important project. The company’s
reputation is at stake.
 Behavior. The phlegmatic person sits at work for hours and slowly but qualitatively,
performs all tasks successively. They systematically adhere to a pattern of work, which
they consider the most effective and useful for the company. The choleric dives in head-
first, makes a hundred decisions per hour, continuously solves problems as they arrive
and improvises on the fly.
It turns out that the same character traits appear differently due to different
temperaments.

Is it important to determine the type of temperament?

It’s definitely important and it is useful to learn how to calculate not only your type (or
types) but also the types of others. Knowledge of you own psycho-complex and its
characteristics provides the following advantages:

 Easier search for a suitable profession or hobby

 The setting of the internal balance with one’s own ego

 Understanding of one’s own strengths and weaknesses

 Awareness of the reasons why some features are very hard to change

 The ability to predict one’s own behavior in unfamiliar situations

In the end, it’s just interesting and informative. As for the definition of others’
types, there are such advantages:

 Mutual understanding of other people and the ability to find an approach to personalities
with any temperament

 Improved relationships with relatives, friends, spouses and increased chances of

meeting a suitable romantic acquaintance

 The opportunity to realize full potential in a career by finding common ground with
colleagues, bosses and clients

 A more noticeable and successful impact on others (communication in general)

 Ability to predict the basic behavior of new acquaintances

 A chance to get rid of victim mentality or dependence in relationships

 A better understanding of how to raise and educate your own children

The situation is like a poker game. A person who is unaware of their temperament does
not even understand the value of their own cards. But the one who macroscopically
 studies the game clearly sees the whole deck of cards and easily calculates their
opponents’ combinations.

To find out your type, it is enough to take a temperament quiz. If you need to
understand another person, just watch them. Some features are immediately visible
(e.g. body language), the others take more time.
Principles of temperament determining
In modern psychology, there is no single accepted classification system for all of these
principles. However, there are several popular ones. These include the theories of the
ancient Greek doctor, Hippocrates; and the Roman physician, Galen; the Russian
physiologist, Ivan Pavlov, and the British psychologist, Hans Eysenck.

Hippocrates and Galen

In ancient Greece and Rome, knowledge about psychology and its connections with
biology, were not as developed as they are today. However, the theories of these
scientists deserve to be considered. They were the first who named the four types of
temperament and tried to give them a biological explanation.

Some doctors and philosophers of that time tried to develop similar theories but did not
achieve significant success. Hippocrates and Galen systematized their knowledge and
conjectures and then presented them as a complete theory. It was based on the idea of
the predominance of a specific fluid (humor, or humours) in the body of each person:

 Choleric – yellow bile (chole)

 Sanguine – blood (sanguis)
 Phlegmatic – phlegm (phlegma)
 Melancholic – black bile (melaina chole)
Each liquid, as the doctors thought, forced a person to show certain qualities. It is
hysteria for a choleric, liveliness for a sanguine, calmness for a phlegmatic and sadness
for a melancholic.

Ivan Pavlov

This scientist believed that the main principles determining the type of temperament
were strength, mobility and equilibrium.
Strength is the ability of the individual to be hearty, to maintain performance even
during intense and/or long-term loads and to recover quickly. Kinds: strong (hearty)
and weak (gets tired quickly).
Mobility is the feature of higher nervous activity which is expressed in the ability of the
individual to quickly switch between tasks, absorb new information and respond to
external stimuli. Kinds: mobile (reacts quickly and easily) and inert (reacts slowly).
Equilibrium is the characteristic of the individual that allows them to control emotions,
restrain sudden impulses and desires, and to remain balanced.
Kinds: equilibrated (calm) and non-equilibrated (emotionally expressive).
The way these categories appear in temperament is shown in the table below.

Types of temperament

Weak Melancholic

Choleric Mobile, non-equilibrated

Strong Sanguine Mobile, equilibrated

Phlegmatic Inert, equilibrated

Hans Eysenck

The English psychologist believed that the most important factors for determining
temperament is the scale of introversion-
extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism.
Introversion-extraversion is the subject-object orientation of the individual; the
direction of the main flow of their attention. Kinds: introversion (focus on internal mental
processes) and extraversion (focus on the outside world).
Neuroticism is the degree of emotional balance of the individual. Kinds: emotional
stability (calmness, fixation) and lability (hysteria, neurosis).
Psychoticism is the degree of the predisposition of an individual to psychosis. Modern
scientists deny the importance of this category in determining the psychotype. It is a
part of the psyche but not the central one. In addition, the psychotic scale is a very
branchy and ambiguous characteristic. Therefore, it is ignored in many tests nowadays.
The table below shows the ratio of these categories according to the views of Eysenck.

Categories Introversion Extraversion

Lability Melancholic Choleric

 Stability Phlegmatic Sanguine

Types of temperament and their differences

General

Choleric: Hyperactive, quick-tempered, hasty, sociable, a leader

Sanguine: Active, cheerful, superficial, sociable, a joker
Phlegmatic: Calm, slow, thoughtful, withdrawn, fixated
Melancholic: Vulnerable, creative, empathic, smart, emotional
Body type

Choleric. Tall stature, thin build, long, narrow, flat chest. The forehead is wider than the
lower part of the face and the chin is pointed. The nose is also pointed with a downward
tip; it may be aquiline. Long neck, well-defined cheekbones.
Sanguine. Rounded smooth forms, average or short stature, short wide bones. Wide
short ribcage, round head, and forehead, poorly defined cheekbones, short thick legs
and neck.
Phlegmatic. Wide bones, massive physique, short thick neck, wide short ribcage
having a rounded shape. Big straight nose with tip lowered. The chin is the same width
as the forehead or wider.
Melancholic. Pointed features, frail physique, thin bones, weak muscles, a flat chest, a
long thin neck, a high square forehead. The upper part of the face is much wider than
the bottom.
Health

Choleric: Weakness of the digestive system (liver, gallbladder). Pulse is 75-85 beats
per minute.
Sanguine: Weakness of the cardiovascular system. Pulse is 65-75 beats per minute.
Phlegmatic: Weakness of the digestive system (stomach, intestines). Pulse is less than
65 beats per minute.
Melancholic: Weakness of the nervous system. Pulse is more than 85 beats per
minute.
Relationships

Choleric: Quickly becomes close and emotionally attached to people. It is hard for them
to break up.
Sanguine. Rarely becomes quickly attached to people; easily replaces one person with
another
Phlegmatic. It takes a long time for them to get close to people. However, once they
become attached, it is hard to get people out of their life.
Melancholic: It takes a lot of time for them to get close to people; but they slowly
become attached. It is hard for them to break up.
Career and working capacity

Choleric: Active, ambitious, persistent, creative; the boss, the leader — likes to lead.
The priority is career growth.
Sanguine: Active, ambitious, superficial; an excellent organizer — the leader who loves
recognition. The priority is money.
Phlegmatic: Inert, slow, serious, reliable, subordinate; they like to analyze, systematize.
The priority is stability.
Melancholic: Inert, quickly gets tired, subordinate; dreamer, thinker, creative person.
The priority is a friendly warm atmosphere.
Stress response

Choleric: Quickly gets angry and irritated; openly expresses their emotions. Calms
down quickly as well. Seeks to solve the problem.
Sanguine: Ignores the problem or finds advantages in it. Finds the one who can solve
the problem or switches to another task.
Phlegmatic: Reflects on the causes of the problem. Ponders the decision for a long
time, then executes it systematically.
Melancholic: Gets lost and panicked; looks for support and help. If they are not found,
they often give up and spend a long time to worrying about it.
Self-realization

Choleric: Needs popularity as they like when people are dependent on them. Goes
ahead, risks, donates and sacrifices.
Sanguine: Requires recognition because they love to be admired. They usually bypass
the obstacles.
Phlegmatic: Seeks to maintain the current state of affairs. Gets rid of obstacles only if
they interfere with their measured life; however, they do it effectively.
Melancholic: Needs recognition and emotional support for the sake of increasing their
self-esteem. Often stops making efforts because they are afraid that they will not handle
things well.
Interests and hobbies

Choleric: Sports, extreme activities, traveling, competitions, communication, quest

games, excitement and risk
Sanguine: Acting (theater and movies), humor, social work, communication, gossip and
traveling
Phlegmatic: Puzzles, reading, needlework, cinematography, science, nature,
mechanics and architecture
Melancholic: Art, puzzles, mysticism and esoterics, philosophy, meditation and
handicrafts
The knowledge of how different types of temperament react to the world and life
situations can be highly useful. Comprehension of yourself and others facilitates and
accelerates the achievement of internal (personality) and external (relationship)
harmony.

Four Temperaments Test by the Eysenck Method

Who is an Introvert: The Secrets of Their Silence

Who is an extrovert: a hyperactive person or a genius of

communication?
Who is a sanguine: all about optimism and being the life of the
party?

Who is a melancholic: a sad genius or an unsurpassed

analyst?

Who is a phlegmatic: chronic malcontent or emotionally

balanced logician?
Who is a choleric: a hot-tempered aggressor or a bold and
energetic leader?

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Who is a sanguine: all about optimism

and being the life of the party?
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To other people, the sanguine appears to be a person without a care in the world. They
are always laughing, trying to encourage others and never losing heart. However, isn’t
their behavior a protective mask? And if so, what are they hiding beneath it?

Who is a sanguine?
A sanguine is an energetic (active) type of temperament with a strong nervous system,
distinguished by sociability, an optimistic approach to life, quick adaptation, endurance
and well-balanced emotions. They never stay in one place for a long time; the solitude
depresses them because they are extraverts. A sanguine person is sometimes sad like
a melancholic, fixates on something like a phlegmatic, and throws themselves into
adventures like a choleric. They are interested in trying anything new.
 Characteristics of sanguines
Sanguines like to show off and sometimes have inflated egos. If they succeed in doing
something, everyone will hear about it. They will not keep silent about their
achievements.

Sanguines are hearty and energetic. They love to laugh and to make others do the
same. Charisma is their forte, which is why they often attract attention. It is easy to
recognize the sanguine in a crowd because they:

 Speak quickly, loudly and clearly

 Gesture actively but not too broadly

 Has bright facial expressions; the corners of the mouth and eyes are usually elevated

 Often smiles, rarely lowers their head

 Walks energetically

 Keeps their back and shoulders straight

Sanguine people love communication and being the center of attention. They are
practical; preferring to act under the influence of own interest and benefits. On the one
hand, they are smart enough to think about their actions. On the other hand, it is difficult
for them to resist temptation, laziness and thrill.
Sanguines prefer to live according to their own schedule, independently of others. A
daily routine is not for them, but this applies only to their personal lives. At work, they
are very disciplined, and often, are workaholics like cholerics. However, unlike cholerics,
sanguines can relax and rest; they do not overwork. They value own efforts and time,
and know the limit of their powers.

This quiz will help you determine what type of temperament you have.
Sanguines’ advantages

Optimism

Sanguines love life and take all the best from it. When they have trouble, they do not
see the point of being sad or depressed. Instead, the sanguine prefers to quickly think
about the situation and begins problem-solving at the earliest opportunity.
In general, sanguines easily tolerate failure. If something does not work out, they try
again, otherwise, they switch their attention to other tasks. They see something positive
in every situation and do not want to dwell on the bad things.

Communicability

Sanguines are amazing speakers. They are able to convince, inspire, instill hope and
ignite emotions. Thanks to this quality, they easily find those who will work for or instead
of them.

Their speech is bright, lively and rich — it delights and attracts. A sanguine person can
easily find common ground with people of any type of temperament.

The sanguine doesn’t like to quarrel; instead they try to turn everything in a joke. If it
does not work, then they try to reach an agreement without starting a fight, as they are
very peaceful people.

Rationality

Sanguines can control themselves. They will not do anything contrary to ethics or social
norms, even if they want to. Their actions are logical. They love to have fun, but they
know when to stop.

Sanguines are practical and always look at the benefits of any situation. Their emotions
and mind are usually in agreement.

Great adaptation

Sanguines aren’t averse to change and even embrace it. They quickly learn information,
adapt to new conditions without problems and easily get along with strangers. They are
not afraid of tasks that require quick and prudent decision-making.

If sanguines suddenly finds themselves in an unfamiliar city without money and friends,
they will not only find a way to return home, but also will explore the area, meet a dozen
people and open a local business.

Sanguines’ disadvantages
Superficiality

In pursuit of perpetual newness, sanguines do not always complete what they have
started. They are stubborn and persistent, but quickly lose interest in their occupations.
They’ll quit reading a book halfway thorough because they find a new one. They quit
their job — despite being successful at it — because they’ve discovered a more
interesting profession.

Sanguines changes hobbies frequently because they never thoughtfully invest in

anything long enough to develop in-depth knowledge or skill. They know about a lot of
subjects, but just at surface level. Superficiality makes them unstable and flighty in their
interests.

Selfishness

Sanguines rarely care about other people’s feelings. They hardly notice them. Their
life is bustling, full of change, and they do not want to stop to listen to others. They have
no time. They arrange holidays everywhere and try to save the world from sadness —
only but outwardly — not on a psychological level.
Sanguines like to attract attention and reluctantly give it away. Even if the sanguine
decides to listen to another person, most likely it will not last for longer than a minute.
Then they will try to cheer up the interlocutor, reflecting on the positive, but they will not
deeply commiserate with the situation.

Poor concentration

It is hard for a sanguine to sit still. If they are really interested in something, they will
make an effort and focus on it. However, routine affairs do not concern them, therefore
they constantly get distracted. That is why the sanguine, as a rule, finds other people to
delegate work to, while the sanguine runs off in search of adventure.

The sanguine quickly acquires new skills, but also quickly loses them, especially if they
involve their job in any way.

The sanguine child

Studying
 The sanguine child loves to study, but only if the learning process is in a game form. If
the lessons require perseverance and good concentration, they quickly get distracted.

 In general, sanguines earn average marks in almost all subjects. However, marks in
courses are inconsistent. It is easy to explain: the child eagerly learns topics that they
find interesting, while neglecting those that are boring

 Sanguine students almost always get out of difficult situations. For example, if their
homework isn’t done, they improvise the answers as they speak. If they’re not prepared
for the exam, they find a way to cheat and crib.

Friendship

 This sanguine child quickly becomes the center of attention. They are never alone.

 The sanguine child is an authoritative leader for peers. They can also easily
communicate with high school students or younger schoolkids.

 Often, sanguine children become teachers’ pets. They are often friends with adults and
can even communicate with young teachers informally during the extracurricular

 Sanguine children often change friends. They do not form close attachments, so they
easily replace one person with another.

Dangers

 It is better to teach a sanguine child to take responsibility from an early age so that they
have less superficiality and levity.

 Sanguines like change and constant movement. Extracurricular activities are very
important to Without it, they will discharge their energy at home by drawing on the
wallpaper, disturbing pets, etc.

 The sanguine child should not be overpraised, as they are prone to acquiring inflated
egos. It is important to teach them to care about the feelings of others and to pay
attention to them.

The sanguine’s career

Sanguines cope perfectly with the role of both the boss and the subordinate. Work that
provides physical and intellectual stimulation are best for sanguines, so that they do not
become bored. Often, sanguines are careerists; their profession is paramount for them.
 The main motivators for the employee-sanguine are:

 Good salary and the possibility of an increase in pay

 Career growth, a chance to get a promotion

 Company-sponsored career development courses and training

 Innovation, use of advanced technologies and techniques

 Prestige (company car, well-equipped office, etc.), organization with a stellar reputation

 Company-paid memberships (gyms, social clubs, etc.), corporate parties, business

trips.

This sanguine is an excellent organizer, both for work and entertainment. They can
arrange a meeting with business partners or organize a corporate party. They are
hearty, cope with intensive work, and do not mix work and personal affairs. They accept
criticism well, adequately perceive criticism and try to correct their mistakes, thus
improving themselves as professionals.
If the sanguine is not a boss, then they are an unspoken leader. They lead their
colleagues but do not seek to compete or suppress the authority of the real manager. A
realtor, journalist, lawyer, administrator, emcee of entertainment events or news anchor
are the most suitable professions for sanguines. They also have above-average odds to
start own successful business.
Sanguines and relationships
Sanguines are as unstable in relationships as they are in their interests. It can be fun
and exciting for them to spend time with someone new, but when they get to know the
other person better, they lose interest. Sanguines rarely become deeply attached to
people for any length of time. They take break-ups much easier than other
temperaments and quickly replace one partner with another. This applies to friendship,
love, and work.

In order to build long-term relationships with a sanguine, it is better for their partner
to:

 Be a versatile person, be open to personal development, be willing to try something new

 Respect the sanguine, admire them, but not be overly flattering

 Be not just a lover, but also a good friend

 Avoid attempts to dominate the sanguine partners

 Accept sociability the and talkativeness of sanguine (they have many acquaintances)

Still, it is rewarding to be in a relationship with the sanguine. They avoids conflicts,

like to arrange pleasant surprises and to give gifts. However, if a disagreement, occurs,
the sanguine quickly forgets the anger and does not dwell on it. They can be the first
one who tries to make peace.
Sanguines are not demanding, they do not judge other people’s shortcomings. They
know how to concede and declare their partners as the main ones in relationships —
but only if it is their choice. If you press them and force them to acquiesce, they will
most likely leave.

The sanguine’s health (psychosomatics)

The heart and cardiovascular system are weak spots for sanguines. They often suffer
heart attacks (myocardial infarction).

But, sanguines have strong immune systems. It is believed that they get sick only when
they want to. The sanguine tries not to pay attention to the disease symptoms —
considering them trivial. Because of this, by the time the sanguine visits their doctor, the
symptoms have progressed to the point of becoming an illness that must be treated by
a specialist. However, the sanguine usually recovers much faster than other types of
temperament.

Sanguine with other types of temperaments

Sanguine-sanguine

Happy tandem. This combination a good couple, great friends or close colleagues.
Their opinions are very similar; they are interesting to each other. Sanguines are always
full of ideas and share them with their partner, admiring and captivating them. Their
arguments will be rare and short, then the partners will even laugh, remembering their
―altercations.‖
It is very important for a sanguine couple to look in one direction. Otherwise, the
relationship will quickly fall apart, because the partners will not see personal benefits.

In the long-term, the partners in this relationship can become competitive with each
other. However, it will rather become a friendly rivalry, rather than an aggressive battle.
The main thing for both people is to periodically let their loved one ―win.‖
Sanguine-melancholic

Complementarity. In sanguine-melancholic relationships, the partners fit like two

puzzle pieces. With the right approach, they smooth out each other’s flaws. Sanguines
learn to pay attention to the feelings of others and value their emotions. They open the
rich inner world of melancholic and find a lot of interesting things.
Melancholics make sanguines more responsible and empathetic, teaching them to love
life not only for its dynamics and adventures, but also for its beauty. In such a pair, the
sanguine person will be the undisputed leader.

The only problem is whether the melancholic and the sanguine can even meet. The
melancholic is usually too quiet for the sanguine to notice. But if the two meet and a
relationship develops, it will be a happy one.

Sanguine-phlegmatic

Calm union. The meeting of the sanguine and phlegmatic forms a solid foundation for a
good working relationship. But the same cannot always be said for friendships.
Sanguines can easily force phlegmatics to open up and show their bright side.
However, often, the phlegmatics does not wish to do so as it doesn’t seem worth the
effort.
As for marriage, it can be successful and long-term. The phlegmatic teaches the
sanguine to be more consistent, patient and rational. A partner with a phlegmatic
temperament calmly reacts to talkativeness. With a phlegmatic, a sanguine can brag
and share stories without stopping.
Sanguines and phlegmatics are soulmates. If they get acquainted through common
interests (e.g. yoga, cooking, psychology, etc.), then they quickly find common ground.
They are brought together by common discipline and work ethic. However, once the
event or class has ended, these two will find that they have little in common and go their
separate ways.

Sanguine-choleric

Fight with an unpredictable outcome. Either these people will meet, quickly break up
and never greet each other on the street, or they will become something inseparable. It
all depends on the characters and the ability to compromise.
The biggest problem this couple faces is the struggle for leadership. If the sanguine
decides to concede the title of the leader to the choleric, everything will be fine.
 However, if the sanguine is forced to do this, they will run away, because they don’t like
to restrain themselves at all.

 The sanguine partner is the ―thinker,‖ and the choleric partner is the ―doer.‖ The first one
comes up with ideas, the second one carries them out.

 Together, they build a truly thriving business.

 The sanguine often adopts choleric’s habits, but in a more balanced manner.

 There is a good friendship between these temperaments. They quarrel relatively often
but quickly forgive each other. Their common feature is curiosity.

 These are two experimenters, so they are often like-minded.

The sanguine adapts to the choleric’s character but will do it only if the choleric person
will meet them halfway.

Sanguines may seem llike ideal partners, but they have their drawbacks. Sometimes,
their faults spoil their life quite a bit. Fortunately, the sanguine does not like to be
despondent and always tries to find a way out of any situation. Being a friend, colleague
or love partner of a sanguine is often a true pleasure.
Four Temperaments Test by the Eysenck Method

Who is an Introvert: The Secrets of Their Silence

Who is an extrovert: a hyperactive person or a genius of

communication?
Who is a melancholic: a sad genius or an unsurpassed
analyst?

Who is a phlegmatic: chronic malcontent or emotionally

balanced logician?
Who is a choleric: a hot-tempered aggressor or a bold and
energetic leader?

Types of Temperament: Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic and

Phlegmatic

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 Test


 Sanguine

 Melancholic

 Phlegmatic

 Choleric

 Introvert

 Extrovert

 Temperament

Who is a melancholic: a sad genius or

an unsurpassed analyst?
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 Most people think that melancholics are inconsolable whiners who are always
depressed. Is it true? If so, what advantages can melancholics have? If not, then who
are they?
Who is a melancholic?
Melancholic is an inert (passive) type of temperament, which is characterized by high
sensitivity, emotionality, anxiety, good creative abilities, but a weak nervous system.
Such people are introverts, they dislike noisy parties or large crowds, instead preferring
quiet evenings devoted to reading, drawing and other calm hobbies. Often melancholics
are thoughtful and closed.
Characteristics of melancholics

Outward traits include:

 Soft, inexpressive speech, sometimes with defects

 Weak mimicry, the corners of the lips and eyes are often turned down

 Slow, sluggish, hesitant movements

 Closed body language (arms crossed on the chest or hidden in pockets)

 Nondescript appearance in general (clothes, makeup, etc.)

Melancholics are indecisive, wary of change often live ―in the past.‖ They are very
emotional but prefer to keep everything bottled up inside. However, it is not always
possible for them to keep their feelings contained. Any little thing can knock them off
balance. Under all their external slowness, they house a real typhoon inside.

They may burst into tears when criticized. Even a soft, constructive, but negative
evaluation, suppresses their rare enthusiasm. Only praise can motivate a
melancholic.
Watching a sad or touching movie, seeing a suffering animal, or receiving an
unexpected pleasant gift, can move a melancholic to tears. Anyway, this does not mean
that melancholics cry all the time and complain about life. Rather, they exist in a state of
mild nostalgic sadness. And … they draw inspiration from it.

This quiz will help you determine what type of temperament you have.
Melancholics’ advantages

Creativity

There are many melancholics among artists, writers, sculptors, musicians, and other
creative people. These people have a colorful imagination, developed intuition and
resourcefulness. They love to create something new and literally draw energy from
their creations.
Melancholics can see and appreciate beauty. They notice the subtlest points, that are
elusive to other temperaments. Such a person can find inspiration in even the most
ordinary things. They are sensitive and responsive to all kinds of art.

Thoughtfulness

Melancholics love to think, analyze and draw conclusions. Higher mathematics,

detective stories or philosophical questions are very interesting to them. They like to
solve crosswords, read and search for answers to logical puzzles. They think things
through carefully before taking the next step.
Such individuals absorb new information quickly. This allows them to attain acquired
skills for a long time. Because of this, they make good teachers and trainers.

Developed empathy

Since melancholics are quite emotional, they understand the true depth of feelings.
Such personalities are ready to listen, support and feel other people’s emotions. The
inner world — their own and others — is extremely important and significant for them.

Melancholics can be affected by the feelings of others for a long time. They are kind,
love to help, and do so sincerely and gratuitously. This is the person who donates to
charity, feeds homeless animals and rarely refuses requests.

Psychologism

The melancholic is well-versed in people’s real nature. Thanks to their intelligence and
understanding of others’ emotions, they see through others. This does not mean that
the melancholic chooses only the ―best of the best.‖ Just a couple of hours is usually
enough for them to assess the main qualities of a new acquaintance — even if the
person pretends to be someone else.

Melancholic people are the first who notice when something suddenly goes wrong. This
applies to relationships, business affairs and health. Their keen observation and good
intuition help them with this.

Melancholics’ disadvantages

Touchiness

Melancholics love to pretend to be victims. Like cholerics, they often get offended over
trivialities. However, unlike the last cholerics, melancholics are grudge-holders; it is
difficult for them to ―forgive and forget.‖ They remember the negative actions and they
accumulate and build insider of them for years — like a snowball. It appears that they
do not want to release these toxic emotions.

In rare cases, melancholics seeks revenge. But as a rule, their isolation and indecision
do not allow them to actually carry it out.
 Vulnerability

Melancholics are pessimists. It is difficult for them to find excuses for joy, but their
sadness may manifest with or without sadness. They are afraid of many things, and
approach them too seriously, cautiously and with distrust and
apprehension. Melancholics are prone to phobias.
Mild criticism or innocent jokes turn into a profound insult to them. Something that the
sanguine considers a joke, the choleric forgets in a second, and the phlegmatic even
doesn’t notice, deeply offends the melancholic.

Dependence on the opinions of others

Often, melancholics are stubborn, inclined to consider their opinion especially important
and sometimes, irreplaceable. At the same time, they suffer from low self-esteem. It is
this trait that does not allow them to perceive constructive criticism in a healthy manner.

 If the melancholic is praised, they flourish and are ignited with excitement. Sometimes
they continue to do something they do not like just to receive another dose of
compliments and recognition.
 If the melancholic is criticized (even mildly), they get depressed and stops trying. they
may refuse their favorite job just because they think they are incompetent. (Although
this is not true.)
Melancholics have a contradictory quality — perfectionism. On the one hand,
melancholics try to do any work the best that they can. They develop their skills and
come up with creative solutions in order to perform at their highest level. On the other
hand, they often get frustrated because of the impossibility to attain the ideal. In
addition, they are very critical not only of themselves, but of others, as well. And this
does not always have a positive effect on melancholics’ relationships with other people.

The melancholic child

Studying

A melancholic child loves to learn new things. If they succeed in avoiding severe stress
and conflicts, then the desire to learn is sustained until graduation. They often enjoy all
subjects; it largely depends on the teacher. Such a child prefers lessons where the
teacher provides them with the opportunities to:
 Think deeply and methodically about new information

 Work independently and not in a team

 Choose exercises to perform alone

 Be seated in the back of the classroom

Despite their academic achievements, melancholic children are afraid to raise their
hands to answer questions. They do not tolerate ―brainstorming,‖ tire quickly and easily
lose concentration. Usually, they do not like physical education, especially if they have a
lean body with weak muscles.

Friendship

Like the adult, melancholic child does not seek to be in the center of attention. Instead,
they prefer to be alone. They are slow to friends because it is hard for them to get
quickly close with others and they often lose them because of their tendency towards
docileness. However, after making friends and opening up to them, melancholics
appreciate the friendships a lot.

Melancholics are not inclined to change friends frequently and are 100% loyal to them.
As a rule, they have no more than two close friends throughout their childhood.

Dangers

The melancholic child is extremely susceptible to the opinions of peers and teachers
and they may become a victim of bullying. At the same time, they do not tell their
parents if something happens to them at school.

Some associates will try to stir the melancholic up. However, this will lead to the child
withdrawing even deeper. Parents should better monitor the child’s behavior and notice
any changes.

The melancholic’s career

The melancholic leader is an exceptional rarity. Usually, they choose the position of
subordinate. Creative professions (artist, designer, confectioner) or work that requires
analytical thinking (scientist, accountant, programmer) are the most suitable for
melanholics. They like to ask questions about the meaning of life and help others. It
 makes them feel needed and meaningful. Therefore, a teacher, a nurse (but not a
doctor), a nanny or a psychologist are also frequent career choices of melancholics.

It is hard for the melancholic to tolerate:

 Fast-paced work, huge responsibility, risk

 Tensions in a work team, conflicts, drama

 Long continual work (short pauses every 2-3 hours are needed)

 Ongoing cooperation (individual work is more efficient)

 Instability, changeability (prefers a fixed payment, values insurance and other benefits)

However, such an employee is indispensable in situations related to creativity,

calculations, forecasting, assimilation of new information and understanding of human
emotions and thoughts.

Melancholics and relationships

Usually, the melacholic is monogamous. They are faithful, devoted and ready to help,
even if it is harmfully to them. And, they expect the same from their partner.
For melancholic, emotional intimacy is very important. It is important for them to hear,
feel, see that they are loved. They are constantly seeking confirmation of this. The end
of the early courting period is difficult for melancholics, as it seems to them that their
partner’s feelings are fading away.

Despite the need for emotional support, melancholics sometimes like to be in

solitude. The main thing is not to let them be alone for a long time, otherwise it can
result in depression. Melancholics do not like to quarrel, but they may start to cry, simply
because they had a dream about betrayal.
In relationships, melancholics:

 Are very romantic, but hide it, although they appreciate all the actions of their partner

 Always expect something to go wrong in a relationship; are afraid to lose a loved one

 Considers it their duty to please another person, forgetting about themselves

 Try to hang on to the relationship at all costs, because they get very attached to their
spouse

 Selects partners with strong personalities because they like to be feel cared for and safe
 Do not seek one-night-stands, prefer stability

The melancholic parent is demanding, but kindhearted; it is hard for them to see
children’s tears. They try to make their child better and given them everything. Problems
with children often arise because of excessive criticism (or leniency) from the
melancholic parent.

The melancholics’ health (psychosomatics)

The most vulnerable point of the melancholic is the nervous system. Weak stress
resistance makes them susceptible to any disease. The greatest number of strokes are
suffered by melancholics.

Another problem area is the lungs. Because of the tendency to keep their emotions
inside, melancholics suffer from asthma, chest pain and cough.

The most obvious diseases of the melancholic are problems with their posture. They
often have scoliosis, kyphosis and slouch. Due to the incorrect position of the vertebras,
their nerves and vessels are pinched. This leads to neurological problems, such as
headaches, dizziness and fainting.

Melancholics and other types of temperament

Melancholic-melancholic

Two melancholics are a creative-emotional tandem. They understand each other at a

glance, appreciate the personal space needs of each other, and are tactful and faithful.
However, this is not the best combination for the love affair. Their joint life is a
Shakespearean tragedy. These people ignore or suppress their problems, which do not
go away, but only get bigger. In the end, they suffer together, and each of them sees it
and blame themselves.
Melancholics are perfectly combined in friendship and work. This is an ideal union of
like-minded soul mates. They support each other, help them express their emotions and
open up.

Melancholic-sanguine
This is a promising love affair. Such a marriage is promising. Next to an active, but
not overly energetic sanguine, the melancholic rarely falls into a bad mood. They learn
to enjoy life and to see the positive. There will be no cardinal changes in the
melancholic, but they will try to stay with the patronizing sanguine until the end.
The melancholic-sanguine friendship also turns out great. The melancholic takes
inspiration from the sanguine and often consults with them

But, there may be problems at the workplace. Morose melancholic employees do not
like the fact that their cheerful sanguine colleague constantly rushes them and tried to
offload their onto work onto them.

Melancholic-phlegmatic

This is a calm, smooth relationship, and even ideal in the work area. But there is one
problem. The phlegmatic saddens the melancholic with his outward indifference.
Because of this, the melancholic constantly worries. However, if they get used to the
calmness of their phlegmatic partner and tries to understand it, then everything will work
out in the best way.
The friendship of melancholics and phlegmatics quickly disintegrates. They just can’t
get interested each other. This causes communication to disintegrate into nothing.

Melancholic-choleric

This is dangerous combination. Very often, these individuals simply hate each other.
The melancholic gets irritated by excessive activity, assertiveness, and sometimes
tactlessness and insolence of the choleric. Melahcholics try to avoid cholerics, and if
they fail, they build up grievances and tell the choleric off. (In their imagination, of
course.) Because melancholics crumble in choleric’s presence, they literally can’t
squeeze a word.
Such a couple may dive in a romantic relationship, but most likely, it will be short-lived.

The melancholic is a complicated personality. On the one hand, they are difficult to
communicate with because of their standoffishness, critical nature and pessimism. On
the other hand, they can be called complex, because they are extremely diverse and
multifaceted, which makes them interesting. If you learn how to see the positive aspects
of a melancholic, they will be able to teach you a lot. And if you support them and
cherish them, they become an excellent friend and partner.
Four Temperaments Test by the Eysenck Method

Who is an Introvert: The Secrets of Their Silence

Who is an extrovert: a hyperactive person or a genius of
communication?

Who is a sanguine: all about optimism and being the life of the
party?
Who is a phlegmatic: chronic malcontent or emotionally
balanced logician?

Who is a choleric: a hot-tempered aggressor or a bold and

energetic leader?

Types of Temperament: Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic and

Phlegmatic
temperamenttest.org — © All rights reserved.
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Test
 Sanguine

 Melancholic

 Phlegmatic

 Choleric

 Introvert

 Extrovert

 Temperament

Who is a phlegmatic: chronic

malcontent or emotionally balanced
logician?
Read ArticleStart Test
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Many people believe that the phlegmatic is a person who cares about nothing.
Allegedly, they are languid, irresponsible, selfish and unresponsive to the emotions of
others. But, how much of this is true? Are phlegmatics unfairly stereotyped?

How does a typical phlegmatic behave in different situations? How do they interact with
other people? Read on.
Who is a phlegmatic?
The phlegmatic possesses a very balanced type of temperament, which is
characterized by restraint, constancy and deliberateness of mental reactions. Such
people are reliable, responsible and devoted. They are hearty and diligent workaholics.

Characteristics of phlegmatics
 How to recognize the phlegmatic in a crowd. Phlegmatics have a slow sluggish gait,
with barely noticeable gestures and facial expressions. They speak quietly, but clearly,
with noticeable pauses, and with no emotional and intonational leaps. Often,
phlegmatics are plump because they are not very physically active, but they love to eat
well.
Are phlegmatics lazy? The phlegmatic’s slowness is not a desire to avoid work. They
just appreciate their powers and energy and do not want to waste them on trivial
matters. Here are some phlegmatic personality traits:

 Rational, thoughtful, good analysts and logicians

 Calm, peace-loving, consistent in their interests

 Conservative, do not embrace change

 Passive, risk-adverse

 Introversive, antisocial

 Attentive, with good long-term memory.

Despite their outward lethargy and lack of expressiveness, phlegmatics sometimes

experience nervousness. But, severe stress for them is not an angry supervisor
shouting, what would throw them off balance instead, would be moving into a new
residence. A change in habits and environments is a serious problem for such people.

Phlegmatics endure stressful situations more easily than other types of temperament.
However, in the most-emotionally heated cases, they ―turn off‖ and stop reacting at all.

This type also tends to hang on to negative emotions. The phlegmatic holds in and
keeps silent once-twice-thrice and even 10 times, but then ―explodes.‖ A phlegmatic’s
anger is very strong, crushing, and is hard to pacify. Fortunately, it’s not that easy to
make phlegmatics lose their temper.
This quiz will help you determine what type of temperament you have.
Phlegmatics’ advantages

Stability

The phlegmatic is not the one who often changes their mind. They is more constant,
which makes them loyal partners, friends and employees. You can rely on them.
The phlegmatic does not ask the question which cafe to choose for lunch or where to
buy new clothes. They have several places that they visit all the time and they go to
new areas only if the old ones do not suffice anymore. They always know what they
want and do not waste energy on the things they considers unnecessary.

Brilliant intellect and self-control

Phlegmatic people are distinguished by particularly good concentration and

perseverance. They can continuously perform monotonous work for hours and not get
tired. They are characterized as methodical and systematic. This type likes to sort and
compartmentalize things and excels at it.

Phlegmatics are excellent analysts. They are very intelligent and disciplined. They are
good at working with a lot of information; deeply studying and analyzing it. These people
are not superficial, and if they take on something, they perform it thoroughly and
thoughtfully.

Great stress resistance

This type of temperament can disconnect from stress. However, they do not live in a
world of fantasy nor escape reality. It’s just that they get the idea that being anxious is
irrational and they redirect attention to what is really important.
Pedantry

No one appreciates quality as much as phlegmatic does. Every tiny thing is important to
them. They check the results three times to make sure that there are no mistakes.
However, when they finish a project, they do not return to it and do not reproach
themselves by thinking they could have done something better.

Phlegmatics bring things to a conclusion; they are persistent — even stubborn — in

achieving their goals. They have a huge reserve of patience, so they know how to wait.

Phlegmatics’ disadvantages

Inertia
 Phlegmatics are passive. Their life is average — boring because they have almost no
ambitions. They seek comfort and may turn a blind eye which may be cause disarray to
their status quo. They are apathetic and almost impossible to rile up.

The biggest problem is that phlegmatics are comfortable with their passivity. They see
no reason to actively develop themselves, try new things or add variety to their daily
routine. Because of this, they often lose the chance of a better life for themselves and
their loved ones.

Bad adaptation

If the phlegmatic person is faced with a any changes, they fall into a stupor. It is difficult
for them to switch between activities.

For example, if a phlegmatic is fired from their job, they will not immediately rush to look
for a new one. At first, they will try to get used to the idea that they were fired and do not
need to get up at a certain time or go to a specific place every day. Then, they will be in
a state of procrastination for some time. In the end, the phlegmatic person will spend
days or even weeks developing a plan of finding a new job. And … who knows when
they will finally decide to act.

Estrangement

It is difficult for phlegmatics to build social connects. They are closed to others. If
someone wants to get close with the phlegmatic, they will have to put a lot of effort into
it.

The phlegmatic does not want to make new acquaintances and rarely deepens existing
ones. They like solitude — to the point of self-isolation.

The phlegmatic child

Studying

 Generally, phlegmatic children studies well. They always do their homework and
prepare thoroughly for tests. However, they are generally better in subjects that they
see as more practical and useful.
 Despite good performance, such a child usually refuses to take part in contests.

 This child sometimes avoids extracurricular activities, preferring to go directly home

after classes. If they choose something, then it is usually programming, technical
courses or other activities that require perseverance.

 They are attentive during their lessons, rarely distracted and never skip classes.

Friendship

 Such a child prefers to communicate only if it’s necessary, as an integral part of their
studies or homework, for example. They are not talkative, are secretive and do not like
to be in the limelight.

 The phlegmatic child does not seek out the acquaintance of others and does not see an
urgent need for communication with peers.

 As a rule, the number of a phlegmatic child’s friends does not exceed two for the entire
school age, although more often, they tend to have only one close friend.

Dangers

 The phlegmatic child does not talk about their problems, preferring to solve them on
their own. It is important to build a trusting relationship with them so that they can share
their feelings and ask for help.

 It is better to show the little phlegmatic the necessity of communication. Otherwise, in

adulthood, they will have serious problems relating to others.

 Do not forget about the physical development of the child. It is advisable to teach them
to do morning exercises. You can also encourage them to sign up to play a sport that
they like.

The phlegmatic’s career

Due to inertia and lack of initiative, phlegmatic people rarely become leaders or
directors. They are most comfortable in the role of performers. In work that require
perseverance and attentiveness, phlegmatic people are ideal candidates.

These workers deliver projects on time, rarely make mistakes and are never late. They
are responsible professionals who prefer to work only within their specialty.
 Phlegmatics work slowly but qualitatively. It is better not to entrust them with team
tasks, especially those that are related to communication. Solo work is their strength.
It takes a lot of time for them to learn new information, but they remember it for years.
Ideal phlegmatic professions programmer, scientist, financier, jeweler, driver, etc.
Phlegmatics and relationships
In love, the phlegmatic person is laconic; they prefer to prove their feelings by actions
and not by words. However, one should not expect sweeping romantic and expensive
gifts from them. They will express their feelings through practical gestures. For example,
a man will be ready to do household chores instead of his spouse, and he will not brag
about it. A woman can give a hand with her spouse’s work, analyze the database, write
a report or sort documents.

The phlegmatic finds it difficult to get close to people, but is faithful and devoted to
their loved ones. They rarely take a leadership position. Phlegmatics always choose by
mind but not by heart. They value the following qualities in friends and partners:

 Stability and, loyalty

 Honesty and decency

 Intelligence and sharpness of mind

The phlegmatic partner does not like to attend noisy parties or eat at expensive
restaurants. They would prefer to spend the evening at home, watching a romantic
comedy and sharing a bottle of good wine.

Both in friendship and in relationships, the phlegmatic is calm and stable and you rarely
get a surprise from them. If they decide to buy a gift, it is chosen with great care.

Phlegmatic people do not like to lie, they are sincere and sometimes even too
straightforward. But this quality has an advantage. Such people will never stab you in
the back.
The phlegmatic’s health (psychosomatics)
The weakest part of the phlegmatic’s body is their stomach and they frequently are
afflicted with from gastritis and gastric ulcers. Their metabolism is slow, so it takes
longer for food to digest, causing intestinal problems.
Another problem is the phlegmatic’s propensity to obesity. Due to an inactive lifestyle,
eating junk food or overeating, the phlegmatic quickly gains weight. Extra pounds cause
diseases of other internal organs — the heart, liver, kidneys, etc. Blood pressure often
is elevated as well.
If phlegmatics wants to be healthy, it is better for them to monitor their diet and physical
activity. It is not necessary to train to the point of exhaustion. Even simple walking can
help control weight. As for the other types of diseases, this temperament type is usually
very resistant.

Phlegmatics with other types of temperaments

Phlegmatic-phlegmatic

Calm sea. Two phlegmatics can be close colleagues since they equally value work and
constancy. The same can be said about phlegmatics as friends. They exist at the same
rhythm, do not compete with each other and do not fight for the role of leader.
However, phlegmatic colleagues often do not communicate after work. Two phlegmatics
will become ideal friends if they are neighbors. If they live too far from each other, then
most likely their acquaintance will quickly end.

A phlegmatic-phlegmatic romantic pairing is very rare. Neither of the partners makes an

attempt to get close emotionally, that is why there is no serious relationship. The
passivity of this couple turns spouses into just cohabitants.

Phlegmatic-sanguine

Perspective union. A sanguine very often adapts to the nature of their partner, but they
do not lose their energy. Thanks to this quality, they will be able to find an approach to
the phlegmatic and positively influence them. Under the guidance of the sanguine
partner, the phlegmatic personality becomes more open, active. The sanguine will also
teach their friend or loved one how to enjoy life and pay attention to what is happening
around them.
As colleagues, these two people may find common ground, but most likely their
relationship will not become friendly. The reason is the contrasting qualities. Sanguine
superficiality and phlegmatic obsessed focusing rarely get along well outside of
marriage.

Phlegmatic-melancholic
Emotional balance. In general, this is a peaceful union. The melancholic teaches their
loved one to trust their feelings, or to notice them, at least. And, the phlegmatic will
delve into the feelings but in their own style. They will analyze them. However, the
melancholic more likely joins them.
Probably, in such a pair, the phlegmatic partner will be the leader, since they are
stronger. Naturally, they will begin to choose smooth, proven life paths, so there will be
no place for emotional leaps in such relationships. Although a lot depends on the
melancholic.

These temperaments can get along with each other in the workplace or if they share
common interests, but they rarely become friends.

Phlegmatic-choleric

The war of opposites. The relationship of the phlegmatic-choleric resembles a casino

game. Either this is a jackpot, where partners find a compromise, or it is a complete
failure with losses for both sides.
If everything is going well, then choleric makes the phlegmatic more active and decisive.
They help their passive acquaintance improve their life and attitude towards their
partner. All of this does not happen immediately. The phlegmatic gets used to the
choleric partner’s habits for a long time and only then slowly adopts them. If the
outcome is unfavorable, and neither of these two wants to yield, then quarrels begin.
More precisely, the choleric begins them. The phlegmatic just keeps silent or sniffs
loudly, and that annoys the choleric even more.
Such a union will be more successful if it is a romantic relationship and not friendship or
a working partnership.

The true phlegmatic is not so serene as they seem at first. They also can
sympathize, worry and be scared. The only difference is that they don’t make dramas
out of problems. However, even the phlegmatic’s estrangement has its advantages. It is
difficult to reach out to the phlegmatic person, but if it works out, it will be a firm
marriage, friendship or business partnership.
Four Temperaments Test by the Eysenck Method

Who is an Introvert: The Secrets of Their Silence

Who is an extrovert: a hyperactive person or a genius of
communication?

Who is a sanguine: all about optimism and being the life of the
party?
Who is a melancholic: a sad genius or an unsurpassed
analyst?

Who is a choleric: a hot-tempered aggressor or a bold and

energetic leader?

Types of Temperament: Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic and

Phlegmatic
temperamenttest.org — © All rights reserved.
Private Policy and Disclamer Contact us

GB
 Test
 Sanguine

 Melancholic

 Phlegmatic

 Choleric

 Introvert

 Extrovert

 Temperament

Who is a choleric: a hot-tempered

aggressor or a bold and energetic
leader?
Read ArticleStart Test
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 ( 4.9 up to 5, based on 202 votes )

If the choleric is dissatisfied with something, they immediately instigate loud quarrels,
turning into a fierce fight. They are too emotional, often crossing the boundaries of what
is acceptable. It is impossible to calm them down and life with such a person is a
complete nightmare. This is how a lot of people imagine the typical choleric. But is it
true?

Cholerics suffer greatly from societal stereotypes of being ill-tempered and difficult. And
now it’s time to find out the real facts about choleric personalities.

Who is a Choleric?
The choleric possesses an expressive temperament based on a strong nervous system,
which is characterized by the desire to dominate, powerful energy, but weak self-
control. Such a person can often change the mood the moment they walk into a room;
 they are unpredictable. The typical choleric tends to stir things up wherever they go,
because without being surrounded by turmoil and drama, they quickly get bored.

Characteristics of Cholerics

External signs of the choleric are immediately noticeable. They speak loudly, quickly
and in an incoherent manner, often not finishing words and sentences. Their intonation
is never the same, it is constantly changing. They have bright facial expressions and
wide and sweeping gestures. Their gait is energetic; it seems that they are always in a
hurry. As a rule, these are tall, lean but strong people.
Here are some common choleric personality traits:

 Sociability, pride, arrogance

 Quick mental processes (perception, thinking, emotions, etc.)

 Straightforwardness, openness, lover of truth

 Courage, determination, initiative

 Stubbornness, willfulness, independence

 Stamina, ambitious, domineering

Choleric loves to be the center of attention and to patronize and protect others. They
are ready to save the planet and become a hero at any moment. It is important for them
to be admired and to make people proud of them. Glory and recognition are also
significant for them.

Cholerics are competitors. They can’t imagine life without a race for the
championship. They always tend to dominate and can’t stand it when someone tries to
control or criticize them.
The choleric is a master of spontaneity. They do not like to detailed plans and prefer to
live in the moment.

This quiz will help you determine what type of temperament you have.
Cholerics’ Advantages

Disadvantages
Cholerics are not accustomed to putting off anything until later. If they are able to do
everything at once, they will definitely take advantage of it. Due to this quality, cholerics
do not miss the opportunities that life gives them. They are often lucky, achieve a lot
and become successful.

Cholerics not afraid to take risks. On the contrary, they thrive on taking changes.
Likewise, cholerics welcome change. They view each situation as a competition, a test
of their strength; another gamble and adventure.

Persistence

Once the choleric decides that they need something, they will not give up until they
attain their goal. Obstacles do not frighten them and setbacks do not deter them, they
will keep trying until they achieve the desired outcome. Where others surrender,
cholerics persevere and win.

Cholerics are workaholics and willing to make sacrifices to realize their dreams. They
will not spare their effort, time or money to attain what it is that they truly desire. They do
not need additional motivation; their drive for success is enough to see them through.

Charisma

Wit, strength, expressiveness, openness, and sometimes even the naivety of the
choleric, attract people. They exude charm, self-confidence and contagious enthusiasm,
which allows them to inspire and lead others.

If the choleric learns to control their mood swings, then they will be able to become a
terrific diplomat or public speaker.

Versatility

Since the choleric likes to constantly be in motion, they often try new hobbies. However,
it is hard to say how in-depth they will delve into each new undertaking. However,
cholerics have a lot of knowledge and skills.

For example, on any given day, the choleric manages to complete a dozen assignments
of different, sometimes even competing duties or priorities. They can easily multi-task.
Cholerics’ Disadvantages

Short temper

Emotional instability noticeably has a negative impact on the lives of cholerics and their
loved ones. They are irritable and unrestrained, are easily angered over small things,
and may become aggressive. When they are in a bad mood, their anger is out of
control. They scream, hurl insults and can even start a fight.
However, often after their emotions subside, cholerics are very sorry about what they
said and did under the influence of out-of-control feelings. They quickly cool down,
forget the insults and do not seek to remember the transgressions of others.

All the choleric’s feelings — both positive and negative — are strong. Anger is not their
only intense emotion; they are jealous, passionate, and equally unrestrained in grief and
joy.

Haste

The choleric rarely thinks about the consequences of their actions. They do not spend
the time to assess the pros and cons of a solution and immediately put their plans into
action. This impulsiveness often gets the choleric in trouble, as well as losing money,
other people’s trust and their own good reputation.

The choleric has a short attention span and it is difficult for them to concentrate on one
thing. They are used to focusing on several things at once. However, they are ―big
picture‖ people and prefer to not delve into the details.

Irrationality

Cholerics people are illogical; they are accustomed to acting on impulse. Their emotions
almost always prevail over reason. Because of this, they often forget about their health.
They eat junk food or forget to eat at all, do not adhere to a daily routine, etc. Cholerics
can save up money for a long time, and then spend it in a minute. Often, they are
inattentive to their friends and then complain that they have no real friendships.

The choleric child

 Studying

 The choleric child is an average student. They easily get distracted during the lessons,
and do not listen to the teacher, because they have no patience. Also, they will skip
classes.

 Favorite school subjects of choleric children are those where physical activity is required
or where the lesson takes form of a game.

 Such a child does not tolerate situations when the teacher criticizes them, especially
when in front of fellow students. Choleric children can start a conflict, yell at the teacher,
and be generally disruptive.

Friendship

 The choleric child is constantly in the spotlight. They compete for the title of leader of
the classroom or teacher’s favorite. If they are ignored, they may attract attention
through bullying (ridicules, insults, fights).

 The choleric child does differentiate between their friends. They are equally sincere and
even naive towards everyone. If the sanguine does not see the point of getting close at
all, then the choleric tries to become close to every person they like.

 This child protects other children because they like when people adore or are afraid of
them.

Dangers

 Choleric children often gets into fights. If they are not educated properly, they will try to
solve all problems through violence and threats.

 Do not shout at the choleric child. They will definitely not become more obedient after
this. Chances are that an angry choleric child may run away from home and the
offending adults.

 The choleric child has a lot of energy. It is important to engage them in various activities
so that they are busy with something all the time.

 It is better from the very beginning to teach the choleric child to solve conflicts
peacefully, control their emotions, respect peers and adults, and focus their
concentration.

The choleric’s career

 Cholerics are born to be leaders. They have enough strength, motivation and
perseverance to succeed for themselves and others. They work quickly and intensively
and make snap decisions. This influences their peers and subordinates to work at the
same pace.
However, sometimes the choleric can be quite an intimidating and rude boss who yells
at their employees, and controls and criticizes them excessively.

The main things that the choleric appreciates in work are:

 Opportunity for career growth and competitive spirit

 Freedom and independence in making decisions

 The absence of criticism (even objective) about themselves or their performance

 Projects, the implementation of which requires intensive effort

 A solid, active work team that consists of like-minded people

A performer-choleric (a subordinate) is a very enterprising and energetic worker. They

do not wait for new tasks to be assigned to them; they directly ask for them or try to find
them themselves. However, they may try to take the place of their boss and can pose a
serious threat.
A choleric would be well-suited for such professions as an actor, politician,
correspondent, coach, stage director, etc.

Choleric and relationships

A relationship with a choleric is anything but placid or boring. In love and friendship,
they are passionate and jealous. It is difficult and painful for the choleric if their partner
communicates with someone else. It’s better not to praise someone else in front of the
choleric because they will take it as a reproach and create a scandal.

Cholerics give themselves completely to any relationship. They are ready to give
presents, announce their feelings to the entire world, do crazy things, and make
important sacrifices to prove their feelings. In return, they will demand unconditional
devotion and loyalty, and not only physically. The choleric considers it a betrayal if their
friend or loved one puts them in second place. They must always be first!
In relationships, cholerics:

 May be softer and more compromising during the courting period

 Try to spend all the free time with their lovers or friends.

 Often do not notice the real emotions of others. They do not understand the hints, do
not always notice that they have offended someone.

 Need the attention of all people they know, even if they are in a relationship. This does
not mean they’re cheating; it’s just the interest from others flatters them and increases
their self-esteem.

 Like to be heroes for their loved ones. But, sometimes their promises to help do not turn
into real actions. They forget about their words, as they quickly change their attention to
something else.

Relationships with the choleric personality are often short. Other people find it difficult to
get along with the choleric’s unpredictability and violent emotions. The choleric,
suffering from loneliness among a crowd of people, is not an uncommon situation.

The choleric’s health (psychosomatics)

The liver and gallbladder are the organs the choleric should pay special attention to.
Since they are passionate and impulsive, they may suffer from bad habits — alcohol
and cigarettes being the most common. If the choleric has long-lasting addictions, they
will have a very negative impact on their entire body.
Often, cholerics have heart-related problems, as well as increased blood pressure.

Cholerics with other types of temperaments

Choleric-choleric

Nuclear explosion. This is a very rare alliance since the two cholerics are always
rivals. They find it very difficult to give in to each other, so it will take a lot of mutual
forces to make a double-choleric relationship a happy one.
Usually, this tandem turns into a good business partnership. Such colleagues have
good chances to open a successful joint business. However, they will need a mediator
— help from a third side. Most likely it would be phlegmatic or sanguine.

Two cholerics in a love relationship will have a bright and passionate romance. But it will
certainly be short, and quite possibly, painful.
Choleric-sanguine

Fight and fun. Sanguine is the only type of temperament that can dominate the
choleric. However, this is not always the case, and then the competition for leadership
takes root with this couple.
It is hard for these two to avoid quarrels, but both partners quickly forget about them.
They do not harbor resentment, so they can create a happy family.

The cholerics and sanguines make good friends, but better business partners. This is
the perfect combination of temperaments to open their own business and lead it to
success.

Choleric-phlegmatic

Tense atmosphere. These relationships require the ability to compromise from both
sides. The hardest situations are at work. The choleric wants the phlegmatic to more
energetically. The choleric always prods their slow-moving colleague but does not get a
result, which is very annoying.
Cholerics and phlegmatics rarely become friends because they can’t interest each other
for long.

But in love, everything is different. With desire and diligence, the choleric-phlegmatic
couple becomes happy. The phlegmatic slows down their choleric partner a little and
makes them more rational and keeps them away from volatile situations.

Choleric-melancholic

Emotional tsunami. These are two emotional and, in many ways, opposite,
temperaments. Everything that develops between them usually lasts only temporarily.
The choleric does not like the slowness and tearfulness of the melancholic and may
lash out at them, and then regret it. The choleric is unlikely to want to live with a
constant feeling of guilt, therefore, most likely they will initiate a break.
Also, the choleric partner does not understand the inner feelings of the melancholic.
They do not realize why they are sad, and sometimes they don’t even notice it. Such a
union will survive only if the choleric decides to become more sensitive and attentive
and the melancholic develops a thicker skin.
Although the choleric person is often hot-tempered, they can’t be called a bad person.
They have a lot of positive qualities that they are ready to share with others. The main
thing is to give them a chance to show their strengths. A happy, harmonious relationship
between a choleric and melancholic is not a myth, but a completely accessible reality.

Four Temperaments Test by the Eysenck Method

Who is an Introvert: The Secrets of Their Silence

Who is an extrovert: a hyperactive person or a genius of

communication?

Who is a sanguine: all about optimism and being the life of the
party?
Who is a melancholic: a sad genius or an unsurpassed
analyst?

Who is a phlegmatic: chronic malcontent or emotionally

balanced logician?
Types of Temperament: Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic and
Phlegmatic

temperamenttest.org — © All rights reserved.

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 Test
 Sanguine

 Melancholic

 Phlegmatic

 Choleric

 Introvert

 Extrovert

 Temperament

Who is an Introvert: The Secrets of Their

Silence
Read ArticleStart Test
 5
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( 4.9 up to 5, based on 203 votes )

Shy, depressed, unsure of themselves, passive – this is how introverts often appear to
most people. But are they really like that? Not even close!

These traits may indeed belong to introverts, but they are not considered common and
certainly not wholly defining. After all, these same qualities may belong to extroverts as
well. But, then what are the main features of an introverted personality? How do you
communicate with them and is it possible to develop introversion in yourself?
 Who is an introvert?
An introvert is a calm, quiet, deliberate person, deep into themselves and their inner
world. But appearance is often deceptive: there is a fountain of ideas, thoughts, dreams
and feelings behind their restraint.

Introverted people usually “live in their heads” and often lose touch with reality.
Their interlocutors are often offended by introverts because during a conversation it
seems the introvert does not listen to them at all. And that is true sometimes. Physically,
an introvert-listener may appear to be engaged, but their thoughts are somewhere far
away. It is given away by their blank expression. The introvert gets unconsciously
distracted by their thoughts; it doesn’t mean that they are being disrespectful or ignoring
others.
Take this quiz to find out if you are introvert or extrovert.
Typical characteristics of introverts:

 Strong affection for relationships and interests (hobbies)

 Search for the meaning in their surroundings, planning (thinking, then acting)

 Observant, patient, shows restraint

 Frequent desires to be in solitude, in silence, isolation

 Great need for independence and personal space

 Avoidance of noisy companies, parties, queues and crowds

The last points are especially important. Introverts love communication, too, but
they “ration” it. The situation can be compared with how the battery of the smartphone
gets discharged.
1. After a night’s rest, the charge is full — 100%.
2. A trip to work, a short visit with an acquaintance — 92%.
3. Work until lunch, constant communication with colleagues — 75%.
4. Meeting with a friend at lunchtime, discussion of the recent events —
70% (Communication with close friends and relatives is an exception. It takes a
minimum of energy, and sometimes even recharges it).
5. Afternoon work, meeting with the boss, work team meetings — 40% (if there is an
office party — then 0% immediately).
6. Return home, buy a few groceries at the market (another energy-consuming action),
small talk with neighbors — 20%.
7. An incoming phone call from an unfamiliar person (extreme awkwardness) — 0%.
To ―recharge‖ themselves, introverts delve into their thoughts, hobbies, sleep,
meditation, playing with a pet, etc. Perhaps they will just sit still, do nothing and enjoy
the silence.

It may seem that because of this trait, the introvert does not like people, since they
find them exhausting That’s not true. The introverted person avoids conversations with
strangers and meaningless talks, but at the same time, seeks communication. No
wonder the word ―rationing‖ applies. Drinking delicious expensive alcohol is a good
example:
1. At first, a person takes small sips, savoring every drop — this is how communication
begins.
2. Then they start to drink more, become slightly dizzy, and their mood improves — this
is the stage of high interest or even passion caused by the interlocutor.
3. Then comes the peak of intoxication and relaxed condition — the height of
conversation.
4. After the euphoria, there comes unpleasant dizziness, loss of body control and nausea
— the stage of excessive satiety.
5. It all ends with a hangover — an urgent need to ―recharge,‖ trying to avoid contact with
other people.
But introverts need this intoxication, and many of them have learned to quit before the
hangover appears. They are not misanthropes and certainly not victims of social
phobia. They just feel better in silence and solitude.
Introverts’ disadvantages

Estrangement

If you place an introvert in a room with internet, full-packed fridge and toilet, they will
venture out of their home only when they have to; such as going to work.

Introverts avoid socialization and learn to exist in society only when they have no
other option.
Periods of ―self-imprisonment‖ help introverts to discover themselves and to recover
from stress or fatigue. However, sometimes these periods of isolation last for too long.
This may cause the development of depression and other neurotic disorders.

Poor communication skills

 Despite their attempts to avoid the crowd, introverts still need to communicate. As a
rule, their friendships last a very long time; they are faithful and reliable in a relationship.
Among the people they are closest to, they can behave openly and actively, just like
extroverts. However, to build such relationships, they have to overcome themselves.
This is a challenge and test for the introverts themselves, and for those who want to be
friends with them. The main problems are:

 Fear of new acquaintances, the need to initiate conversations

 Isolation, terseness

 Unwillingness to spend much time with a new person

 The desire to hang out not far from the introvert’s home or only at their place

 Subdued body language, faint expression of emotions

It is also hard for introverts to forgive; they hold grudges for a long time. Occasionally
they express them openly. However, more often, introverts absorb all the negative
emotions themselves and don’t share them with others.

If the information can be transmitted via email or social networks, they will use those
methods of communication. They will delay an in-person meeting for as long as they
can.

Slow adaptation

Usually, an introverted person does not like changes. It is hard for them to get used to
new conditions, people and habits. And even more so, they are not happy with
―brainstorming‖ and any situations that require quick thinking. Improvisation in front of
people is a real nightmare. If something is not going according to plan, they get
anxious and confused, and try to leave immediately.
When existing in a face-paced society, an introvert can often feel embarrassed,
crushed.

Introverts’ advantages

Intellect and genius

Thanks to patience, curiosity and the desire to comprehend the meaning of everything
surrounding them, introverts are distinguished by a sharp mind. Many of them also have
a well-developed imagination and creativity. They are more independent; therefore,
they study well and delve deeply into the topics they are interested in.
The notions that introverts have in their dreams now, will become reality in the future.
They tend to analyze the details and plan ahead. Stability and reliability in everything
are very much appreciated by them.

Faithfulness in any relationship

Getting used to people takes a lot of time for introverts. But they bond with them really
strongly. These people are faithful in friendship and marriage and are committed to the
work team. If they choose someone, they will try with all their might to please this
person. Being with those closest to them, they open up a completely different side of
themselves. They are cheerful, active and sociable — often joking.

Self-improvement is important for introverts, so they always strive to become even

better people. It affects their relationships as well.

Tact and sense of diplomacy

Politeness, tact and good manners are integral parts of introversion. If introverts start to
behave badly, then there is a good reason for it. They never start a quarrel with no basis
and try to resolve conflicts peacefully.

Personal space is very important for an introverted person, so they respect the
personal space of others. They often say the words, ―excuse me,‖ and ―please,‖ and are
afraid of offending others. Introverts, despite the attention to their inner world, think
about the feelings of others. They are unobtrusive and are good listeners.
Mental independence

Introverts do not ignore social norms, but they are used to thinking and making
decisions on their own. This has a positive effect on their internal balance, as they know
what they want. If you need impartial advice, you should ask an introvert.

Introverts more often find their ―vocation‖ — job and hobby. This is one of the reasons
why they are so confident about their loved ones — they chose them by themselves.

Introversion and temperament

 The introverted personality is a phlegmatic or melancholic. Sanguine introverts
and choleric introverts are extremely rare.
Phlegmatic introverts

In religion, these are ascetics who refuse worldly fuss. In ordinary life, they avoid noise
and crowds, because:

 They don’t like them

 They don’t see the point of them

 They don’t care about things they don’t like and don’t see the point of

 All these things take a lot of energy, and phlegmatics don’t want to be bothered by them

Phlegmatic introverts are not lazy, but methodical. However, this does not affect their
image in general.

Melancholic introverts

Melancholic introverts are vulnerable, sensitive and anxious. They avoid large crowds
because they are afraid of them. In particular, they are terrified that:

 People will push them (not on purpose), touch them or they will steal something

 Strangers will talk to them and they will have to answer

 Someone can shout at them, insult them (whether they have a reason or not)

 They will have to improvise and not be able to plan everything thoroughly

If something unpleasant happens with a melancholic introvert in a public place, they will
stay locked in their room for a long time. There, they will recall every detail of the
incident and relive it in their head over and over again. Then, the ―introspection‖
stage begins — the victim is considering whether they could have avoided such a
situation and how it would have been better handled.
Introverted melancholics are obsessed with their failures, so they pull away from society
and try to avoid the awkward moments. At the same time, they are great empaths who
can understand other people.

The introvert child

 Studying

As a rule, introverted children often study well. Either the child is a wunderkind because
they successfully manage all subjects, or they focus all of their attention on one topic.
For example, they may excel mathematics and physics but fall behind in literature. Or
they take top honors at the history contests but fail biology and chemistry.

Introverted children prefer independent work and are nervous when they have to work in
a group. The solo tasks they perform reveal their full potential and are much more
successful.

Friendship

An introverted child finds one-to-three peers and communicates only with them. Often
their school friendship lasts for years even after graduation. Little introverts begin to
make friends with neighbors only if the friend or neighbor takes the initiative to get
acquainted or they are introduced by adults.

Dangers

These children can become victims of ridicule and bullying by classmates. Their quiet
temperament, outward defenselessness and attention and praise from the teachers may
turn their classmates against them.

Some teachers do not understand and condemn the closeness the child seeks and
considers it to be something abnormal. In this case, it makes sense for parents to talk
with the teachers and make them understand that everything is fine, but the child needs
an individual approach.

The introvert’s career

A noisy office is like a jail cell to an introvert. Usually, they gravitate towards work of
these types:

 “Human-nature” — veterinarian, agronomist, zoologist, botanist

 “Human-sign” (sign system) — programmer, translator, accountant
 “Human-technics” — Auto mechanic, engineer, electrician, driver
 The reason for choosing such professions is that the provide detachment from other
people. In such tasks, all responsibility for the result is on the shoulders of one
performer. Teamwork is extremely rare.

Sometimes introverts devote themselves to professions related to art, but only if they do
not require frequent meetings with other people. For example, they may be brilliant
writers or artists but are unlikely to choose acting or dancing.

Introverts often avoid ―human-human‖ jobs.

Introverts and relationships

Some basic features about introverts, they:

 Lack initiative, but take every step seriously

 Do not impose their habits and thoughts on partners

 Rarely express love with words, but are always willing to ease the burden of their
partners

 Prefer quality rather than quantity, strive for moral intimacy

 Listen and try to understand their loved ones

 Are prone to self-sacrifice; they are loyal and faithful

They try to take whatever it takes to maintain any relationship. However, after finally
breaking up, they don’t attempt to reconnect with their partner.

Introvert and extrovert

Despite their opposite qualities, the “introvert-extrovert” pairing has every chance of
success. For such a pair (friends or lovers) to be happy, both sides have to
compromise.
Introverted individuals do not always enjoy the lifestyle of extroverts and they are far
from ready to share it. However, introverts rarely condemn their socially active friends.
An introvert is more likely to engage in extraversion traits or activities to please their
partner or will learn something new about themselves.
The combination of “introvert-introvert” will have to look for external incentives,
common interests and reasons for hanging out together. Otherwise, it will be two
 strangers living in the same apartment. They will become uninteresting two each other
since each partner will be busy only with their own self-development.
How to communicate with an introvert
How to stay in a good relationship with an introvert:

 Respect their personal space; show tact. For example, enter their room, only after
knocking and getting their permission.

 Do not expect them to be willing to spend time together 24/7. The less time they
spend in solitude, the more closed and passive they become in the presence of
others.

 When making plans, warn them at least a day, or better, a week/month in advance.

 Do not force them to be more active, cheerful or sociable. Most likely they will withdraw
even more.

 Develop yourself. It is very important for an introvert to surround themselves with smart,
good-natured people.

 Do not expect a strong emotional reaction from them, especially in public. Sensitive
emotional topics can be fully revealed only in private with those the introvert trusts.

 Support them and be close by during awkward moments. It is much easier for an
introvert to be among strangers if someone they are close to is by their side.

How to become an introvert

The temperament and psychotype of a person are developed during the prenatal period
(before birth). They are based on the physiological characteristics of the fetus. A person
will suddenly cease to be an introvert only if there are serious malfunctions in their body.
These are developmental anomalies, mental abnormalities and severe stress.
Each psychotype has its own pros and cons. It is better to work on the former and focus
on the latter.

However, if you really want to become like an introvert, you can learn a few of their
habits and adapt them. For example, you may:

 Get interested in psychology, sociology, philosophy and similar sciences

 Write down your plans, stick to your daily routine

 Learn to be in solitude and deal with your own thoughts

 Develop patience, perseverance, concentration, self-control

 Try to think in advance about every serious action, calculate its pros and cons, and
anticipate the consequences

 Start keeping a journal to record your thoughts about everything

 Try replacing videos with books, shopping (as a way to relieve stress) with walks in the
park; add a couple of calm songs to your playlist, reduce the usual sound volume

However, such changes may seem too boring for extraverts. And this is further proof
that it is better to enjoy what is already given to you by nature.

An introvert is an absolutely normal person with their own advantages and

disadvantages. Their preference for isolation is not a reason to think that they have
mental or mood problems. They are all right. The only thing most introverts need is a
little understanding and respect for their personal space. Then they will become wise
and loyal friends even to the most active extraverts.
Four Temperaments Test by the Eysenck Method

Who is an extrovert: a hyperactive person or a genius of

communication?

Who is a sanguine: all about optimism and being the life of the
party?
Who is a melancholic: a sad genius or an unsurpassed
analyst?

Who is a phlegmatic: chronic malcontent or emotionally

balanced logician?
Who is a choleric: a hot-tempered aggressor or a bold and
energetic leader?

Types of Temperament: Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic and

Phlegmatic

temperamenttest.org — © All rights reserved.

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 Test
 Sanguine
  Melancholic
 Phlegmatic

 Choleric

 Introvert

 Extrovert

 Temperament

Who is an extrovert: a hyperactive

person or a genius of communication?
Read ArticleStart Test
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( 4.9 up to 5, based on 200 votes )

 The extrovert is a very active person. People believe this quality helps them in all areas.
But do extroverts always feel good about themselves? Do they have disadvantages that
prevent them from being happy?

The life of an extrovert is not always fun and carefree. Sometimes they suffer from their
shortcomings and can’t achieve desired results for a long time. What qualities belong to
this psychotype? How do you build a relationship with such a person? And is it possible
to increase one’s own tendency towards extraversion?

Who is an extrovert?
An extrovert is a restless person who cannot sit still. They are dependent on external
relations and oriented in contact with the outside world. Unlike introverts, extroverts
avoid being in solitude because:

 They are frightened by their own thoughts and the need to deal with them
 They get bored and have a tendency to slip into bad moods or depression

 They find themselves in a situation of inactivity, and this is something unnatural and
foreign to them.
Take this quiz to find out if you are introvert or extrovert.
Typical characteristics of extroverts:

Outwardly, an extrovert is a person with active facial expression and gestures, jerky
movements and loud speech. They walk quickly, eat quickly and dress quickly. At the
same time, it seems that their energy is not only conserved but even multiplied. The
situation in supermarkets is a great example. A typical extrovert is a person who:

 Rides a grocery cart or offers to take for a cart-drive for someone else

 Buys everything; not really checking the expiration date of the goods and their prices

 Comes for one or three products, and leaves with a cart full of unneeded items

 Often chats with other shoppers and stores employees about topics other than
merchandise

 Quickly moves from one department of the market to another, each time forgetting to
buy anything

 Delays the queue to talk with the cashier to find out about all promotions or argue about
the final total of the bill

The main fears of the extrovert personality are solitude and routine. They can’t live
without attention and love it when everyone talks about them. If no one notices them
(that is almost impossible), they may resort to taking actions — good or bad — to draw
attention their way. Something is constantly changing in the extrovert’s life —
appearance, atmosphere, work, hobby, or the people who surround them. If an extrovert
has something that remains unchanged for a long time, they start to feel sad and
depressed. Typical characteristics of extroverts:

 The need to often be among people; to communicate with them

 The desire to be claimed, irreplaceable, unique

 Restlessness, poor concentration, superficiality

 Driven, ambition, resolve, activity (“there is no time to think, gotta act”)

 Straightforwardness, openness, sincerity, naivety

 The predominance of strong emotions, vivid expressiveness

 A tendency to improvisation, rejection of consistency, planning

Extroverts are innovators and they are not afraid of change. They are thrive on and
actively seek it. They quickly generate ideas — half of which are completely beyond the
laws of physics and logic. However, it does not stop these people from trying to turn
their plans into reality. The most interesting thing is that they often succeed. Just
because they go ahead and stop at nothing.
Extroverts’ disadvantages

Rashness

They rarely think about the consequences of their actions. Even in serious situations,
extroverts prefer to skip the stage of deliberation. They live for the moment and do
not make plans for the future. They seize every opportunity to take action.
The reasons for such behavior are:

 Fear to seem useless, passive or irrelevant

 The anxiety of missing a good moment or opportunity, even if it is associated with high
risk

 The aspiration to try something new, avoid boredom and routine

 The desire to be the first, the winner; to constantly achieve success

This trait often leads the extrovert into trouble. Since they have a gambling
personality, they can lose a large amount of money, develop an addiction, get involved
in a fight or cause themselves harm. An extrovert who has achieved a lot and then lost
everything in just a second is a relatively common situation.
Poor self-control

Anger, joy, jealousy, frustration and other extrovert emotions are never faintly
expressed or go unnoticed. If they hurt, they will cry bitterly. If they are offended, they
will smash everything around. If they win the lottery, they’ll cry themselves hoarse.
Extroverts are obviously bad poker players.

An extrovert personality, while experiencing a strong emotion, does not think about
others. Feeling angry, they can break someone else’s belongings. Feeling joyful, they
 will start hugging a passerby who might not like it. While grieving, they will listen to sad
songs loudly, preventing their neighbors from resting or sleeping.

Changeability

If an extrovert were an animal, they would definitely be a chameleon. The only

difference is that the reptile changes color. The extrovert’s instability can turn into
unreliability, frivolity and complete lack of self-awareness. It seems that they are
constantly in search of:

 Perfect appearance – They recolor their hair, change clothes, get tattoos
 Favorite activities – They do not remain long at one workplace, do things by
haphazardly
 Comfortable environment – They move around, often make repairs and rearrange
furniture
 Suitable people – They make new acquaintances, lose interest in old friends,
constantly increase their social circle, not paying attention to its quality
This spoils their relationships with others, causes distrust. Even the extrovert, despite all
the changes and noise, sometimes feels lonely.

Extroverts’ advantages

Good communication skills

Extroverts are not afraid to take the first steps, to be leaders and initiators. They can
find an approach literally to any person. They start to speak, and everyone around
agrees with them, at least because it is impossible to out-argue them. Their zeal and
enthusiasm fascinate the interlocutors.

Even if an extrovert does not have serious arguments, they still somehow manage to
prove something, even falsehoods. People admire them because when they speak with
such passion and light in their eyes, everyone reflexively wants to smile.

Great adaptation

If the extrovert somehow loses their job, house and dog and ends up on an uninhabited
island, they will still adapt perfectly.
 It is people with an extraverted psychotype who first go to the newly-opened
restaurants. They can go on a spontaneous journey with a minimum amount of money.
Only extroverts are happy if a crowded elevator gets stuck. Sure thing! After all, this is
an excellent opportunity to meet new people and talk!

This quality helps the extroverts to get out of trouble and rebuild their lives under any
conditions.

Resoluteness

Despite their rashness, extraverted individuals never suffer from the ―what if …?‖
complex. They may regret their actions from the past, but they don’t get upset because
they haven’t tried something.

Yes, such people may get into trouble more often, but they are usually more fortunate,
ready for whatever comes, not lost in unforeseen situations. The risk is a common and
natural thing for them, so they get more substantial rewards for it.

Cheerfulness

Sometimes an extrovert is sad, offended, suffers self-doubt or feels guilty. However,

they still love life. The following qualities help them:

 Lack of obsession with problems, failures, negative emotions in general

 Ability to let go and forget the past, find something good in the present

 A well-developed sense of humor, the ability to be happy, exude childlike excitement

 The desire to take everything life has to offer, to try new things

 The habit of sharing their joy with others, openly expressing it

If the extrovert is quiet and inactive for a long period of time, often grumbles, always
gets angry, and calls life unfair, most likely they have had a deep emotional trauma and
need help. It does not have to be a psychotherapist. It is possible for an extrovert’s
close friend to help them work through the situation.

Extraversion and temperament

 Phlegmatics and melancholics among extroverts are extremely rare. And even if they
are, they are probably mixed with a sanguine or choleric type of temperament, with the
sanquine and choleric traits being clearly dominant.
Sanguine extroverts

These are the most good-natured people, unselfish philanthropists and altruists. They
intuitively feel when they have to be near their loved ones and encourage them and
make them smile. There are some more typical features:

 Unshakable optimism

 Curiosity, excitement

 Naivety, gullibility

 Ability to forgive, sacrifice

 Compromise, reliability

However, do not think that the sanguine extrovert is a harmless Bambi fawn, whom
anyone can hurt. They are quite able to stand up for themselves and fight back.
However, to annoy them, you have to make a lot of effort. Sanguine will try to settle
everything peacefully.

Choleric extroverts

A choleric extrovert is a bull in the arena. And anyone who disagrees with them or
reproaches or insults them is waving a red rag. They are easily aroused and can make
a scene over the slightest issue. In fact, they also can openly and vividly express their
joy, gratitude and respect.

Additionally, the choleric extrovert:

 Is jealous, stubborn, self-willed, proud

 Is ready to take responsibility (for others as well)

 Can motivate, inspire, dominate and protect others

 Does not tolerate competitors and always tries to be the best

 Is ready to help relatives or friends at any time

These are the most passionate personalities who require a lot of attention. As a rule,
their goals are grand and ambitious. If choleric extroverts think their friends do not have
enough warm hats, then they buy them more. And, not only hats, but also gloves,
scarves and socks, along with thermal underwear.

The extrovert child

Studying

Единственный школьный предмет, по которому успевают все малыши этого

психотипа — физкультура. В остальном все зависит от учителя. Если педагог
будет больше времени уделять практике, чем теории, часто менять типы заданий,
то ребенок с большой вероятностью полюбит его предмет. И наоборот: чем
больше монотонности и теории в курсе, тем хуже успеваемость экстраверта.

The only school subject in which all children of this psychotype excel in is physical
education. Everything else depends on the teacher. If the instructor will devote more
time to practice than theory, often changing the types of tasks, then the child is more
likely to fall in love with the subject. And vice versa: the more monotonous and theory-
based the course is, the worse the study progress of an extrovert student.

A teacher’s personality and skills are important, too. If the educator is passionate about
their subject and knows how to cause excitement, the little extrovert will adore them
and study hard.
As a rule, extraverted children are mediocre students because it is difficult for them to
sit in one place for a long time and maintain concentration.

Friendship

An extraverted child is a popular person with a wide circle of acquaintances. They take
a leadership position with friends. If a group of children decided to pull a prank, then it
was an extrovert who enticed them to do it.

Usually, the extrovert child is not worried about quarrels with friends and easily replaces
them with new ones. They rarely maintain friendships with classmates after graduation.

Dangers
 1. Extrovert children try to pay attention to everyone. Because of this, the quality of their
friendships sometimes suffer. Therefore, they can feel lonely even when surrounded
by hundreds of people.
2. The excitement and restlessness often lead an extrovert child into trouble. If the child
is hyperactive, it’s better to involve them in structured activities and allow them to
release their energy there.
3. These children are very dependent on the acceptance of others. If they get involved
with the ―wrong crowd,‖ they can get involved in illegal activities or harm themselves or
others.
The extravert’s career
The ideal profession for an extrovert is a “person-to-person‖ job, for example, a
teacher, instructor, doctor, administrator or lawyer. Extroverts rarely choose the types of
―human-sign system‖ and «human-technics» jobs because of the need to work
independently and separately from others.
Due to their resourcefulness and eloquence, the extrovert moves quickly up the career
ladder. And, this is logical because they are not afraid to:

 Ask for a salary increase or promotion

 Take responsibility for the work of others

 Lead people, organize workflow

 Make quick decisions

 Change types of responsibilities, undertake complex tasks

Monotonous work requiring attention to detail quickly drains the energy of the extrovert.
They becomes sluggish and their performance declines.

Extroverts and relationships

Extroverts have a paradox. They do not appreciate their many connections, although
they really need them. It’s hard for them to focus on one person. They can get divorced
several times and then get married again. And they will be piously sure that this time
exactly everything will work out.

However, if the extrovert finds the right person, they do not let them go, no matter what.
Their ―special‖ partner easily notices that the extrovert becomes ―the one.‖
 The extraverted personality begins to:

 Make concessions, find compromises

 Think about the feelings of a loved one

 Gives their partner noticeably more attention than to other people

 Make decisions together as a couple

 Brag about their boyfriend/girlfriend to their friends

 Try to be with their partner all the time

The extrovert’s jealousy might be dangerous. It can end in scandals, threats, property
damage and even physical abuse. Fortunately, these ―red flags‖ emerge during the first
days of dating. Fortunately, the number of aggressive extroverts isn’t great.

If your partner is an extrovert, you will have to be ready for an avalanche of attention
and they will wait for it to be returned.

Extrovert and introvert

When a dog first meets a hedgehog, it tries to sniff it, then gently touch it. Then the dog
stares at the hedgehog for another 10 minutes with a blank expression.

Funny, but the extrovert reacts to the introvert in the same way. They do not understand
this clamped closed being. However, curiosity wins, and they try to learn more about
―the hedgehog‖ and to make friends with them.
The extraverted person will try to put the introvert at ease and make them more active.
It is unlikely to succeed. But having learned to respect the privacy of their quiet friend,
the extrovert will create a very strong bond with them.

The ―extrovert-extrovert‖ relationship is an explosive mixture. Such a couple or friends

can be happy together, but only as long as their adventures last. If they stop even for a
minute, the problems begin. The most common relationship problem is the struggle for
leadership.
How to communicate with extroverts
How to stay in a good relationship with an extrovert:

 See them more often, at least occasionally spend time engaged in an activity
 Be able to listen, encourage, praise, pay attention to their problems

 Give them the opportunity to be a leader (or at least pretend)

 Discuss acceptable behavior with them, do not keep silent about conflicts

 Try to be cheerful, optimistic and joyful

 Do not ask them to be ―quieter,‖ ―slower,‖ etc. It will not work. It is better to just lower
your tone or slow down. Extraverts will unconsciously follow your lead.

How to become an extrovert

Unlike the character, the psychotype and temperament are formed at the physiological
level. This means that they cannot be changed. However, each person is a mixture of
extraversion and introversion. Even if you are a 90% introvert (which is rare), you can
always develop the remaining 10%. How to do it:

 Work with a psychotherapist to feel more confident among people

 Try to communicate with friends in person, not through social networks

 Engage in team sports or attend another activity with a high level of physical activity

 Periodically do something spontaneously, without a plan, moving away from habits

 Try light extremes: friendly disagreements, mastering a new type of transport, traveling,
trying unusual dishes, etc.

 Develop communication skills: attend appropriate courses, speak in public, talk to

strangers on a street

If among friends, there is an extrovert, you will not be bored. They will charge you with
energy and try to cheer everyone up. However, despite their outward unconcern, they
may suffer from serious problems. An extraverted personality, like no other, needs
reliable friends — their support and loyalty. That is why such people are often friends
with introverts.
Four Temperaments Test by the Eysenck Method

Who is an Introvert: The Secrets of Their Silence

Who is a sanguine: all about optimism and being the life of the
party?

Who is a melancholic: a sad genius or an unsurpassed

analyst?
Who is a phlegmatic: chronic malcontent or emotionally
balanced logician?

Who is a choleric: a hot-tempered aggressor or a bold and

energetic leader?

Types of Temperament: Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic and

Phlegmatic
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