1. Give reason why a food chain cannot have more than four trophic levels.
2. What is ecosystem?
3. List two man-made ecosystems.
4. . List two biotic components of an ecosystem
5. Why is forest considered as a natural ecosystem ?
6. Why is a lake considered to be a natural ecosystem?
7. In the following food chain, 100 J of energy is available to the lion. How much energy was
available to the producer? Plants → Deer → Lion
8. In the following food chain, plants provide 500 J of energy to rats. How much energy will be
available to hawks from snakes? Plants → Rats → Snakes → Hawks
9. We often use the word environment. What does it mean?
10. Why do producers always occupy the first trophic level on every food chain?
11. In a food chain of frog, grass, insect and snake assign trophic level to frog.
12. The first trophic level in a food chain is always a green plant. Why?
13. Name the phenomenon associated with it: Insects, Hawk, Grass, Snake, Frog.
14. Why must we conserve our forests? List two factors responsible for causing deforestation.
15. With the help of an example of a food chain, prove that the flow of energy in the biosphere in
unidirectional
16. Why are bacteria and fungi called decomposers? List any two advantages of decomposers to the
environment?
17. . Draw a labelled diagram to illustrate energy flow in an ecosystem.
18. Differentiate between the food habits of organisms belonging to first and second trophic levels.
19. (a) Define ecosystem. (b) Autotrophs are at the first level of food chain. Give reason. (c) In a
food chain of frogs, grass, insects and snakes, assign trophic level to frogs. To which category of
consumers do they belongs to?
20. . (a) State with reason the consequence of decrease in number of carnivores in an ecosystem.
(b) In a food chain, state the trophic level at which the concentration of harmful chemicals is
maximum. Why is it so?
21. Why do we not find food chains of more than four trophic levels in nature?
22. How will you create an artificial aquatic ecosystem, which is self-sustainable?
23. What is a food chain? Why is the flow of energy in an ecosystem unidirectional? Explain briefly.
24. The flow of energy between various components of the environment has been extensively
studied. Give an outline of the findings.
25. What is an ecosystem? List its two main components. We do not clean natural ponds or lakes,
but an aquarium needs to be cleaned regularly. Why is it so? Explain.
26. 'Energy flow in food chains is always unidirectional'. Justify this statement. Explain how the
pesticides enter a food chain and subsequently get into our body.
27. Explain some harmful effects of agricultural practices on the environment.
28. Explain how ozone being a deadly poison can still perform an essential function for our
environment.
29. . Why should biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes be discarded in two different
dustbins?
30. The depletion of ozone layer is a cause of concern. Why?
31. Write one negative effect, on the environment, of affluent life style of few persons of a society.
32. Why is excessive use of CFCs a cause of concern?
33. What is the function of ozone in the upper atmosphere?
34. . How is ozone both beneficial and damaging? How can we prevent the damaging effect of
ozone?
35. . What is Ozone? Name the chemicals that damage the Ozone layer.
36. How can you help in reducing the problem of waste disposal? Write any two methods
37. Write the harmful effects of using plastic bags, on the environment. Suggest alternatives to
plastic bags.
38. Plastic cups were used to serve tea in trains in early days- these could be returned to the
vendors, cleaned and reused. Later, Kulhads were used instead of plastic cups. Now, paper cups
are used for serving tea. What are the reasons for the shift from Plastic to Kulhads and then
finally to paper cups?
39. (a) Write two harmful effects of using plastic bags on the environment. Suggest alternatives to
the usage of plastic bags. (b) List any two practices that can be followed to dispose off the waste
produced in our homes.
40. Explain the role of UV radiation in producing ozone layer. (b) Mention the reaction involved. (c)
Why is excessive use of CFCs a cause of concern?
41. Write the essential function performed by ozone at the higher levels of the Earth’s atmosphere?
How is it produced? Name the synthetic chemicals mainly responsible for the drop of amount of
ozone in the atmosphere. How can the use of these chemicals be reduced?
42. Suggest suitable mechanisms for waste management in fertiliser industries.
43. . Why is damage to the ozone layer a cause for concern? What steps are being taken to limit this
damage?
