Chicago Notes-Bibliography Documentation Style Guide

Table of Contents
Part One: Writing and Citing

Introduction to Chicago Notes-Bibliography……………………………………………………...…………….2

Academic integrity …………………………….…………………………………………………….………….2
General formatting …………………………….………………………………………………..………………2
Documenting sources……………………………………………………………………………………………2
Quotations ………………………………………………………………………………………………………3
Indirect citing/citations taken from secondary sources…………………………………………………………3
Modifying quotations to integrate into your writing……………………………………………….…………3-4
Quotations that contain quotation marks……………………………………………………………..…………4
Block quotations ……………………………………………………………………………..…………………5
Paraphrases………………………………………………………………………………………………………5

Part Two: Notes and Bibliography

Creating footnotes or endnotes……………………………………………………………………….…………6

First note and subsequent/shortened note……………………………………………………………….………6
Building your bibliography page…………………………………………………………………………..……6
Single or multiple authors………………………………………………………………………………..……6-7
Multiple works by the same author………………………………………………………………………...……7
Publication information………………………………………………………………………………….………8
Note format and bibliography entries by category
1. Books (electronic, edited, translated, book by organization, chapter in edited book) ……………8-9
2. Periodicals (journals, magazines, newspapers) ……………………………………………..……..11
3. Reference works (encyclopedia, dictionary) ………………………………………………..…11-12
4. Scriptural/Classical Greek and Latin references……………………………………………...……12
5. Multimedia (audio recording, video recording, images, artwork) ………………………..……13-14
6. Online sources (online videos, websites) …………………………………………………………14
7. Other (Government docs, letters, personal communications, pamphlets, treaties, PowerPoint, theses
or dissertations, coursepack) ………………………………………………………..…………15-17

Appendix: Sample paper in Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography ……………………..……………………18-21

Questions? Comments? Give

us feedback on this guide
 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 2

Part One: Writing and Citing

Introduction to Chicago Notes-Bibliography
MacEwan students should always consult with their instructor for guidance on how to format papers and citations.
The following guidelines are based on Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS), 17th edition, published in 2017. The
Chicago Manual of Style is available online. CMOS has two different citation methods: Notes-Bibliography
system and Author-Date system. The preferred version of Chicago style is determined by specific disciplines and
instructor preferences.
Chicago Notes-Bibliography uses notes (either footnotes or endnotes) and a bibliography page. For an overview
of how the notes work with the bibliography, see CMOS 14.19. For a complete guide on how to use Chicago
Notes-Bibliography, see CMOS 14. Two important changes in the 17th edition are; use of “Ibid” for repeated
notes is discouraged (CMOS 14.34) and the 3-em dash is no longer recommended to replace author names with
multiple bibliography entries (CMOS 14.67).
Academic integrity
Plagiarism is defined as “the use and submission of another’s words, ideas, results, work or processes without
providing appropriate acknowledgement.”1 Every student should be familiar with MacEwan University’s
academic integrity policy. Plagiarism is academic misconduct whether you intend to do it or not, so you
must properly cite all words, ideas and images that are not your own. Proper citing practices include clear
distinction between your own words and quoted passages, appropriate paraphrasing of ideas that does not
borrow the syntax or phrasing of the original source, and citations that clearly show where all quoted and
paraphrased material was sourced from. See CMOS 14.1 for information on why you should cite your
sources.

General formatting
Spacing All essay text and notes should be double-spaced; bibliography should be single-
spaced. There should be one space after a period before a new sentence begins.
Margins Margins should be one inch on both sides and left-hand justified.
Capitalization All titles use Headline-Style Capitalization (capitalize first word and all main words in
a title).
Individually published works such as books or plays should be italicized, whereas any
Titles work published within a larger work such as articles, chapters, or song titles should be
in double quotation marks.
Text font and Use a 12-point serif font such as Times New Roman for the essay text and
size bibliography, and indent all new paragraphs one tab. Notes use 10-point font.
For further information on formatting, see the Chicago Notes-Bibliography sample paper.

1
“Plagiarism,” MacEwan University Academic Integrity Tools and Resources, MacEwan University, Accessed July 30, 2019,

https://www.macewan.ca/wcm/StudentAffairs/AcademicIntegrity/ToolsResources/index.htm

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 3

Documenting sources
Chicago Notes-Bibliography uses footnotes that should appear at the bottom of each page, or endnotes that should
appear at the end of the paper. Footnotes are used to indicate the source of a quotation or paraphrase, and they may
include brief discussion or clarification of an idea. Endnotes are also used to indicate the sources of quotations and
paraphrases, but they are usually reserved for lengthy scholarly pieces that also include a lot of additional,
complex discussion. For most undergraduate student essays, footnotes are preferred, but be sure to ask your
instructors about their preferences.
All notes should be consecutively numbered, with the numbers in the text corresponding with the numbers
in the notes. Microsoft Word and Google Docs both have simple ways of inserting notes so that they are formatted
automatically and so that numbering is adjusted properly as you make any additions or omissions to your notes.
Click here for instructions on how to insert a note in Microsoft Word.

Quotations
A quotation is when you use the exact words from a source, enclosing them in quotation marks and including a
citation (in this case, a note). Quotations should be integrated into your writing according to one of the three
following conventions:
How to integrate a quotation Example

Full sentence with colon In “Article title,” Author explains how stuff
works: “This is a quotation.”8
Introductory phrase (not a sentence) with a comma According to Author, “a quotation appears.”8
Integrate the quotation into your sentence’s Profound Author imagines a place in which “there
grammar (no comma) is a quotation.”8

Indirect citing/citations taken from secondary sources

An indirect citation is when another source that is quoted within an author’s text is used. When you are using
sources, the expectation is that you have the full context and understanding of anything you are citing. This means
that you should have examined the work yourself; thus, indirect citations are discouraged (CMOS 14.260). In
rare cases where you cannot find the original source yourself, you can use a note where both sources are cited
(original first) with “quoted in” between them. You will also include the page number of the original source and
the page number from where it is quoted. For example:

Indirect citation/citations taken from secondary sources

Text makes it clear that it Clune-Taylor draws on Lee’s claim that there has been progress made in
is an indirect citation “diagnosis, surgical techniques, understanding psychosocial issues, and
recognizing and accepting the place of patient advocacy.”3
Note includes full 3
Peter Lee, “Consensus Statement on Management of Intersex Disorders,”
information for both Pediatrics 118, no. 2 (2006): 488, doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-0738, quoted in
sources Catherine Clune-Taylor, “From Intersex to DSD: The Disciplining of Sex
Development,” PhaenEx 5, no. 3 (2010): 154, doi: 10.22329/p.v5i2.3087.
8
Indirect note template Full information for original source, quoted in full information for source
that quotes the original.

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 4

Modifying quotations to integrate into your writing

Quotations will not always seamlessly fit into your writing. You will often have to make changes to what
you are quoting so that it works stylistically and provides adequate context for your reader. It is important
to preserve the meaning of what you are quoting when you make changes to a quotation. To modify or add
words, you must use square brackets; to omit words, you use ellipses. For rules on the use of ellipses or
square brackets, see CMOS 13.50, CMOS 6.99, and CMOS 13.58.

Examples of writing with modifications:

Original passage Writing with modifications Explanation

Anti-essentialism is useful here As Cressida Heyes cautions, we • The context of Heyes’ ideas
in identifying the internal must be careful of how “internal introduce the quotation.
mechanisms of different feminist mechanisms of different feminist • Verbs and prepositions have
methods through which relatively methods [allow for] relatively been modified in square
powerful women reinscribe their powerful women [to] reinscribe brackets to make the larger
own political identities in their their own political identities in sentence work.
feminist theories. their feminist theories.”14
Husserl argues again and again Explaining Husserl, Sara • “It” is replaced with the noun
that phenomenology is not about Heinämaa responds: it refers to.
the internal processes or “[Phenomenology] is about the • Square brackets signify that
activities of the human mind. It is ways in which we relate to the there has been a change to
about the ways in which we world and its beings.”3 the original
relate to the world and its beings. • Quotation is introduced with
a colon.
The study of exteriority, which By contrast, Sartre writes, “[t]he • Here the first quoted
always implies facticity since this study of exteriority,… is anatomy. sentence has been integrated
exteriority is never perceptible The synthetic reconstitution of the into the new sentence, thus
except on the corpse, is anatomy. living person from the standpoint the T must be made
The synthetic reconstitution of of a corpse is physiology.”8 lowercase.
the living person from the • An ellipsis is used in the
standpoint of a corpse is middle of the new sentence
physiology. to shorten it.

For more examples of modified quotations, see the Chicago Notes-Bibliography sample paper.

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 5

Quotations that contain quotation marks

Sometimes the material you want to quote already contains quotation marks. Since you will be using double
quotation marks to signify when you are quoting, you will use single quotation marks around the existing
quotation. For rules on how to change quotation marks, see CMOS 13.30.
Original passage Used in a quotation
(double quotation marks) (single quotation marks)
This brings us to one of the possible definitions of Gabriel and Žižek write that a madman cannot go
a madman: the subject who is unable to enter this along with sincere lies, such as “when, say, a
logic of “sincere lies,” so that, when, say, a friend friend greets him ‘Nice to see you! How are
greets him “Nice to see you! How are you?”, he you?’, he explodes: ‘Are you really glad to see me
explodes: “Are you really glad to see me or are or are you just pretending it?’”3
you just pretending it?”

Block quotations
CMOS defines long quotations as any quotation larger than 100 words. You should ask your instructor how
they define a long quotation in case they have different expectations. The entire quoted passage is indented
one tab from the margin, single-spaced, does not contain quotation marks and is followed by a note. For
more information, see CMOS 13.10 and CMOS 13.9. For a further example, see the Chicago Notes-
Bibliography sample paper.

Example of block quotation:

One of Zinsser’s techniques for condensing writing is to eliminate professional clutter:

Beware, then, of the long word that’s no better than the short word: “assistance” (help), “numerous”
(many), “facilitate” (ease), “individual” (man or woman), “remainder” (rest), “initial” (first),
“implement” (do), “sufficient” (enough), “attempt” (try), “referred to as” (called) and hundreds
more….They are all weeds that will smother what you write. Don’t dialogue with someone you can
talk to. Don’t interface with anybody.1

Passage is
single-spaced Block quotation does not have Four periods are an
and indented double quotation marks around ellipsis plus a period,
one tab from it, thus the double quotation which signifies an
the left. marks used by the original omission and a sentence
author have been retained. break.

The footnote comes after the

period.

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 6

Paraphrases
A paraphrase is an expression of an author’s ideas in your own words. Much of what you will be doing when
you write a research paper is capturing the ideas of others to build your argument, and when doing so, you will
want to rephrase these ideas into your own words to maintain flow in your writing and to demonstrate that
you’ve fully understood what you’ve read. To maintain academic integrity and avoid plagiarism, you should cite
every sentence that contains information that is not common knowledge or your own original idea.
Paraphrases should avoid “patchwriting”, which is when only some words have been changed but the
grammar and structure of the original text is the same. Patchwriting is plagiarism even if you cite your source
because you have presented the expression of ideas as if you created the grammar and syntax. See CMOS 13.4
for more information on paraphrasing.

Part Two: Notes and Bibliography

Creating footnotes or endnotes
For the basic structure of a note, see CMOS 14.20. To create a footnote or endnote, place a number in superscript
(e.g., 1) at the end of the quotation or paraphrase. This number corresponds to a footnote at the bottom of the page
or an endnote at the end of your paper where you enter the source information. Your word processor should have
a reference function that allows you to enter and edit notes easily. (For a brief tutorial showing how this is done
in Microsoft Word, click here.) Notes should be double-spaced (see CMOS 2.22).

First note and subsequent/shortened note

The first note for a new source has complete information about the source, but you can use a shortened note in
subsequent references. A subsequent/shortened note contains the author’s last name, a shortened title, and a page
number. See CMOS 14.29 for the rationale for shortened notes and CMOS 14.30 on how to shorten notes.

First note Subsequent/shortened note

1
Kathleen Wilker, “‘Club’: Laundering Clothing in 2
Wilker, “‘Club,’” 75.
Newfoundland,” in Framing Our Past: Canadian Women’s
History in the Twentieth Century, ed. Sharon A. Cook, Lorna R.
McLean, and Kate O’Rouke (Kingston: McGill-Queen’s
University Press, 2001), 73.

Building your bibliography page

The bibliography page is a collection of all the sources you cite in your paper. The entries are arranged in
alphabetical order by last name of the author. The author is the first element of your bibliography entry, followed
by a title, other contributors, publication information, a date, and an URL for online sources (see the section on
note format and bibliography entries by category for examples). In disciplines where your reader would prefer to
distinguish between different types of sources at a glance, such as between primary and secondary sources,
CMOS recommends that you divide your bibliography into sections (CMOS 14.63), but it is recommended that
students always check with their instructors to clarify such expectations. For further information on the
bibliography page, see CMOS 14.62.

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 7

Single or multiple authors

Author names appear in standard order in a note (i.e., First Name Last Name), but they are inverted (i.e., Last
Name, First Name) in a bibliography entry. For a general discussion of the rules for authors, see CMOS 14.72. If
there is no author, generally the title stands in for the author’s spot (CMOS 14.79). If the author is an organization,
generally the organization stands in for the author’s spot (CMOS 14.84). The following chart explains the rules
that apply when there are varying numbers of authors.

NUMBER OF Bibliography entry

AUTHORS
Last Name, First Name. Book Title: Subtitle. Translated by First Name Last
Template Name. Location: Publisher, Date.
1 Author Brun-Lambert, David. Nina Simone: The Biography. Translated by Paul
Example Morris and Isabelle Vilancher. London: Aurum, 2010.
Last Name, First Name, and First Name Last Name. “Title of Section.” In
Template Title of Book, edited by First Name Last Name, page range of
2-3 section. Location: Publisher, Date.
Authors
Averill, Gage, and Yuen-Ming David Yih. “Militarism in Haitian Music.”
Example In The African Diaspora: A Musical Perspective, edited by Ingrid
Monson, 267-293. New York: Garland, 2000.
List all authors on your bibliography in the same style as you would if
Rule there were three authors (invert the first author’s name and then list the
4-10 others by first name and then last name). In your note, list only the first
Authors author, followed by et al.
Gabarro, Jesus, Isabel Pulido, Carlos Gamboa, Fidel de Gotari and Matilde
Example Cevallos. Native Tribes of South America. Tucson: University of
(bibliography) Arizona Press, 1992.
7
Jesus Gabarro et al., Native Tribes of South America (Tuscon: University
Example (note) of Arizona Press, 1992), 48.

10 or List the first seven authors in the bibliography, followed by et al. In your
more Rule notes, list only the first author, followed by et al. (see example above).
authors

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 8

Multiple works by the same author

Multiple works by the same author are organized alphabetically by title of work (CMOS 14.65).

Butler, Judith. Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex.

Butler’s first three entries are New York: Routledge, 1993.
organized alphabetically by title. Butler, Judith. Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence.
New York: Verso, 2006.
Butler, Judith. Undoing Gender. New York: Routledge, 2004.
An author’s single author texts Butler, Judith and Sunaura Taylor. “Interdependence.” In Examined
should come before anything co- Life: Excursions with Contemporary Thinkers, edited by Astra
authored. Further entries are Taylor, 185-213. New York: The New Press, 2006.
alphabetized by the last name of Butler, Judith and Elizabeth Weed, eds. The Question of Gender: Joan
the co-author/co-editors. W. Scott’s Critical Feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University
Press, 2011.

Publication information
The city of publication is included in your bibliography entry. If more than one location is listed, choose the
first one listed and include an abbreviated province or state name only if there is ambiguity between city
names. If the publishing house includes the state, province, or country name, then you do not need to
include it again (i.e., avoid doubling up). The following chart explains how to include publication
information (CMOS 14.129).
Correct Incorrect Explanation
Saskatoon: Thistledown Saskatoon, SK: Thistledown Press There is no other Saskatoon in
Press the world.
New York: Taylor and New York and London: Taylor and Francis Only the first listed location
Francis should be used
Chapel Hill: University of Chapel Hill, NC: University of North State name is included in press
North Carolina Press Carolina Press name
London, ON: Insomniac London: Insomniac Press Provincial abbreviation
Press distinguishes between Londons.

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 9

Note format and bibliography entries by category

1. Books
BOOK
CMOS 14.11 First note Subsequent/shortened note
1 2
Template First Name Last Name, Book Title: Subtitle (Location: Last Name, Book Title,
Publisher, Date), page number. page number.
1 2
Example William Kelleher Storey, Writing History: A Guide for Kelleher Storey, Writing
Students (Oxford University Press, 1999), 48. History, 34.
Bibliography entry
Template Last Name, First Name. Book Title: Subtitle. Location: Publisher, Date.
Example Kelleher Storey, William. Writing History: A Guide for Students. Oxford University Press,
1999.
ELECTRONIC BOOK
CMOS 14.159 First note Subsequent/shortened note
1 3
Template First Name Last Name, eBook Title: Subtitle (Location: Last Name, eBook Title,
Publisher, Date), Database and format, chap. number. chap. number.
1 3
Example Catherine Julien, Reading Inca History (Iowa City: Julien, Reading Inca History,
University of Iowa Press, 2002), Ebook Central e-book, chap. chap. 4.
7.
Bibliography entry
Template Last Name, First Name. eBook Title: Subtitle. Location: Publisher, Date. Database and
format.
Example Julien, Catherine. Reading Inca History. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2002. eBrary
e-book.
FYI Use a chapter or section number in notes for ebooks that do not have stable page numbers.
The most common eBook publishers in the humanities are ProQuest Ebook Central, eBook
Collection (EBSCOhost) and ACLS Humanities E-book.
EDITED BOOK
CMOS 14.103 First note Subsequent/shortened note
1 12
Template First Name Last Name, ed. Book Title: Book Subtitle Last Name, Title, page
(Location: Publisher, Date), page number. number.
Example 1Samuel Tynes, ed., After the Great War (University of 12
Tynes, After the Great
Chicago Press, 1998), 23. War, 131.
Bibliography entry
Template Last Name, First Name, ed. Book Title: Book Subtitle. Location: Publisher, Date.
Example Tynes, Samuel, ed. After the Great War. University of Chicago Press, 1998.

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 10

TRANSLATED BOOK
CMOS 14.104 First note Subsequent/shortened note
1
Template First Name Last Name, Title of Book: Subtitle of Book, trans. 4Last Name, Title, page
First Name Last Name (Location: Publisher, Date), page number.
number.
Example 1Gilles Harvard, The Great Peace of Montreal of 1701: 4
Harvard, Great Peace of
French-Native Diplomacy in the Seventeenth Century, trans. Montreal, 130.
Phyllis Aronoff and Howard Scott (Kingston: McGill-
Queen’s University Press, 2001), 130.
Bibliography entry
Template Last Name, First Name. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. Translated by First Name Last
Name. Location: Publisher, Date.
Example Harvard, Gilles. The Great Peace of Montreal of 1701: French-Native Diplomacy in the
Seventeenth Century. Translated by Phyllis Aronoff and Howard Scott. Kingston:
McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2001.
BOOK BY ORGANIZATION
CMOS 14.84 First note Subsequent/shortened note
1 7
Template Organization Name, Book Title: Book Subtitle (Location: Organization Name, Title,
Publisher, Date), page number. page number.
Example Canadian Museum of Civilization, In the Shadow of the Sun: 7Canadian Museum of
1

Perspectives on Contemporary Native Art (Hull, QC: Civilization, Shadow of the

Canadian Museum of Civilization, 1993), 454. Sun, 454.
Bibliography entry
Template Organization Name. Book Title: Book Subtitle. Location: Publisher, Date.
Example Canadian Museum of Civilization. In the Shadow of the Sun: Perspectives on Contemporary
Native Art. Hull, QC: Canadian Museum of Civilization, 1993.
CHAPTER IN EDITED BOOK
CMOS 14.107 First note Subsequent/shortened note
Template 1
First Name Last Name, “Article Title,” in Book Title: 5
Last Name, “Title,” page
Subtitle, ed. First Name Last Name (Location: Publisher, number.
Date), page number.
Example 1
Kathleen Wilker, “‘Club’: Laundering Clothing in 5
Wilker, “‘Club,’” 75.
Newfoundland,” in Framing Our Past: Canadian Women’s
History in the Twentieth Century, ed. Sharon A. Cook, Lorna
R. McLean, and Kate O’Rouke (Kingston: McGill-Queen’s
University Press, 2001), 73.
Bibliography entry
Template Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” In Book Title: Book Subtitle, Edited by First
Name Last Name, page range. Location: Publisher, Date.
Example Wilker, Kathleen. “‘Club’: Laundering Clothing in Newfoundland.” In Framing Our Past:
Canadian Women’s History in the Twentieth Century. Edited by Sharon A. Cook,
Lorna R. McLean, and Kate O’Rouke, 70-76. Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University
Press, 2001.
FYI For an edited ebook, include the database and format in place of the publication information.

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 11

2. Periodicals (Journals, Magazines, Newspapers)

JOURNAL ARTICLE
CMOS 14.175 First note Subsequent/shortened note
Template First Name Last Name, “Title of Article: Subtitle of Article,” 9Last Name, “Title,” page
1

Journal Name volume number, issue number (Date): page number.

number, DOI.
Example 1Harold James, “Arctic Voices: Throat Singing in Canada,” 9
James, “Arctic Voices,” 47.
Canadian Traditions 79, no. 3 (December 2004): 38,
doi:10.1086/CT793/12.2004.
Bibliography entry
Template Last Name, First Name. “Article Title: Subtitle of Article.” Journal Name volume number,
issue number (Date): page range. DOI.
Example James, Harold. “Arctic Voices: Throat Singing in Canada.” Canadian Traditions 79, no. 3
(December 2004): 36-40. doi:10.1086/CT793/12.2004.
FYI If a print version was consulted, omit the DOI (CMOS 14.171). If you cannot find a DOI,
you can name the database or use a stable or permalink (not EZproxy) (CMOS 14.11).
MAGAZINE ARTICLES
CMOS 14.189 First note Subsequent/shortened note
Template 1
First Name Last Name, “Article Title: Article Subtitle,” 17
Last Name, “Title.”
Magazine or Newspaper Name, Date, URL.
Example 1
Brenda Wallager, “The New Face of Capitalism,” Political 17
Wallager, “The New Face
Review, December 17, 2006, of Capitalism.”
http://www.politicalreview.org/Capitalism/20060117.
Bibliography entry
Template Last Name, First Name. “Article Title: Article Subtitle.” Magazine or Newspaper Name,
Date, URL.
Example Wallager, Brenda. “The New Face of Capitalism.” Political Review. December 17, 2006.
http://www.politicalreview.org/Capitalism/20060117.
FYI If a print version was consulted, omit the URL. If no suitable URL, stable or permalink is
available, use the name of the database (do not use an EZproxy link).
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES
CMOS 14.191 First note Subsequent/shortened note
Template 1
First Name Last Name, “Article Title: Article Subtitle,” 8
Last Name, “Article Title,”
Magazine or Newspaper Name, Date, page number. page number.
Example 1
Simone Vaughn, “The Endangered Apostrophe,” Canada 8
Vaughn, “The Endangered
Today, July 23, 2001, 14. Apostrophe,” 14.
Bibliography entry
Template Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Magazine or Newspaper Name, Date.
Example Vaughn, Simone. “The Endangered Apostrophe.” Canada Today. July 23, 2001.
FYI If the magazine or newspaper article has no author, the article title stands in the place of the
author in the note. In the bibliography entry, the name of the magazine or newspaper
stands in the place of the author (CMOS 14.199).

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 12

3. Reference works
ENCYCLOPEDIA OR DICTIONARY
CMOS 14.232 First note Subsequent/shortened note
Template 1
Name of Source, edition number., s.v. “entry name.” There is no shortened
Example 1
Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th ed., s.v. “capital punishment.” version of this note.
Bibliography entry: A bibliographic entry is not required for well-known encyclopedias and
dictionaries (such as Oxford English Dictionary or Encyclopedia Britannica).
ONLINE REFERENCE WORKS
CMOS 14.233 First note Subsequent/shortened note
Template Name of Source, s.v. “Name of Entry,” accessed Date, URL. There is no shortened
1

Example 1Encyclopedia Britannica Online, s.v. “Vlad III,” accessed version of this note
June 9, 2011,
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/631524/Vlad-III.
Bibliography entry: A bibliographic entry is not required for well-known encyclopedias and
dictionaries (such as Oxford Dictionary or Encyclopedia.com).
SPECIALIZED ENCYCLOPEDIA/ DICTIONARY
CMOS 14.234 First note Subsequent/shortened note
1 42
Template First Name Last Name, Source Title, edition number Last Name, Source Title,
(Location: Publisher, Date), s.v. “Entry Name.” edition number, s.v. “Entry
Name.”
1 42
Example Anastasia Frank, Encyclopedia of Literary Terms, 2nd ed. Frank, Encyclopedia of
(Winnipeg: Green Tree Press, 2004), s.v. “Point of View.” Literary Terms, 2nd ed.,
s.v. “Point of View.”
Bibliography entry
Template Last Name, First Name. Source Title, edition number, Location: Publisher, Date.
Example Frank, Anastasia. Encyclopedia of Literary Terms, 2nd ed. Winnipeg, MB: Green Tree
Press, 2004.

4. Scriptural/Classical Greek and Latin references

SACRED TEXTS
CMOS 14.238 First note Subsequent/shortened note
1 16
Template Name of Book Section Number. Name of Book Section
Number.
1 16
Example 2 Kings 11:8 (New Revised Standard Version). 2 Kings 11:8.
Bibliography entry: According to CMOS, no bibliography entry is required for primary source citations
(always check with your instructor).
CLASSICAL GREEK AND LATIN WORKS
CMOS 14.242 First note Subsequent/shortened note
1 3
Template Name of Text, section of text. Shortened title, section.
1 3
Example Thucydides, 8.44.4. Thuc. 2.40.2–3.
Bibliography entry: According to CMOS, no bibliography entry is required for primary source citations
(always check with your instructor).

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 13

CLASSICAL GREEK AND LATIN WORKS (MODERN EDITIONS)

CMOS 14.251 First note Subsequent/shortened note
1 55
Template Author Name, Title of the Work: Subtitle of the Work, ed. Last Name, Title, page
First Initial Last Name (Location: Publisher, Date), page number.
number.
Example 1Aristotle, Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford 55
Aristotle, Complete Works
Translation, ed. J. Barnes (Princeton University Press, 1983), of Aristotle, 86.
86.
Bibliography entry
Template Last Name, First Name. Title of the Work: Subtitle of the Work. Edited by J. Barnes. Number
of Volumes, Series Name. Location: Publisher, Date.
Example Aristotle. Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation. Edited by J.
Barnes.2 vols. Bollingen Series. Princeton University Press, 1983.

5. Multimedia
AUDIO RECORDINGS
CMOS 14.264 First note Subsequent/shortened note
1 13
First Name Last Name OR Organization Name, Title of Last name or Organization
Template Recording: Subtitle of Recording (Location: Publisher, Date), Name, Title, disc number.
description of form.
1 13
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Arabian Nights: CBC Canadian Broadcasting
Example Radio One (Toronto: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Corporation, Arabian
2000), disc 2. Nights, disc 1.
Bibliography entry
Last Name, First Name OR Organization Name. Title of Recording: Subtitle of Recording.
Template Location: Publisher, Date. Total number of discs.
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Arabian Nights: CBC Radio One. Toronto: Canadian
Example Broadcasting Corporation, 2000. 3 compact discs.
VIDEO RECORDINGS
CMOS 14.265 First note Subsequent/shortened note
Template First Name Last Name, “Title of Recording: Subtitle of
1 33
Last Name, “Title,” Disc
Recording, Disc number, Title of Larger Work, Director Name number, Title of Larger
(Location: Publisher, Date). Work.
Example John Cleese et al., “Commentaries,” disc 2, Monty Python
1 33
Cleese et al.,
and the Holy Grail, special ed., DVD, directed by Terry “Commentaries,” disc 2,
Gilliam and Terry Jones (Culver City, CA: Columbia TriStar Monty Python and the Holy
Home Entertainment, 2001). Grail.
Bibliography entry
Template Last Name, First Name. “Title of Recording: Subtitle of Recording.” Disc number. Title of
Larger Work. Directed by First Name Last Name. Location: Publisher, Date.
Example Cleese, John, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin. “Commentaries.”
Disc 2. Monty Python and the Holy Grail, special ed. DVD. Directed by Terry
Gilliam and Terry Jones. Culver City, CA: Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment,
2001.

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 14

IMAGES
CMOS 14.235 First note Subsequent/shortened note
1
Template First Name Last Name. Title or Description (date of artifact 6Last Name, Title.
if photo), format (Repository information, Location:
Publication information), Date, URL.
Example 1Donald Woodman, photographer. Judy Chicago’s The 6
Woodman, Dinner Party.
Dinner Party (1974-1979), photo (Brooklyn Museum, New
York), 2002,
https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/exhibitions/dinner_party
Bibliography entry: Images are not usually listed in a bibliography (CMOS). For maps, tables, or figures,
see CMOS 14.237. All images used within the body of your papers or presentations must be captioned
CMOS 3.21. A caption immediatley follows the image and both gives the sources and a description.
ARTWORK
CMOS 14.235 First note Subsequent/shortened note
1
Template First Name Last Name. Title of Work. (Medium information, 6Last Name, Title.
Repository information, Location), Date.
1 6
Example Judy Chicago. The Dinner Party. (Ceramic, porcelain, Chicago, Dinner Party.
textile, 576x576in., Brooklyn Museum, New York), 1974-
1979.
Bibliography entry
Template Last Name, First Name. Title of Work. Medium information, Repository information,
Location, Date.
Example Chicago, Judy. The Dinner Party. Ceramic, porcelain, textile, 576x576 in., Brooklyn
Museum, New York, 1974-1979.
FYI You must cite the format in which you viewed the work of art. If you are sourcing
information on the web, then you must cite it as a website and include an URL.

6. Online sources
ONLINE VIDEOS
CMOS 14.267 First note Subsequent/shortened note
Template 1
First Name Last Name, “Title of Video: Subtitle of Video,” 37
Last Name, “Title of
Uploading Account Name, Length of Video, Date, URL. Video.”
Example 1
Neil MacGregor, “Neil MacGregor: 2600 Years of History 37
MacGregor, “2600 Years
in One Object,” TED video, 19:37, 2012, of History.”
http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/neil_macgr
egor_2600_years_of_history_in_one_object.html.
Bibliography entry
Template Last Name, First Name. “Title of Video: Subtitle of Video.” Uploading Account Name,
Length of Video, Date. URL.
Example MacGregor, Neil. “Neil MacGregor: 2600 Years of History in One Object.” TED video,
19:37, 2012. http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en
/neil_macgregor_2600_years_of_history_in_one_object.html.

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 15

WEBSITES
CMOS 14.207 First note Subsequent/shortened note
Template 1
“Title of Specific Page,” Title or Description of the Site as 8
“Title”
a Whole, Owner, Date, URL.
Example 1“Our Mandate, Our Vision, Our Mission,” National Inquiry 8 “Our Mandate”
into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls.
Accessed June 19, 2019, https://www.mmiwg-
ffada.ca/mandate/
Bibliography entry: Website content does not necessarily require a bibliography entry. Only include an
accessed date when the website itself does not have a date.

7. Other
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS (CANADIAN)
CMOS 14.293 First note Subsequent/shortened note
Template 1
Canada, Government Location and Division, First Name Last 10Canada, “Title,” page
Name, “Title of Source: Subtitle of Source,” Report or number.
Commission (Location, Date), page number.
Example 1
Canada, Library of Parliament, Law and Government Division, 10Moss, “Discriminatory
Wendy Moss, “History of Discriminatory Laws Affecting Laws Affecting Aboriginal
Aboriginal People,” Backgrounder (Ottawa, 1987), 7. People,” Backgrounder, 7.
Bibliography entry
Country. Government Location and Division. First Name Last Name. “Title of Source:
Template Subtitle of Source.” Report or Commission. Location, Date.
Canada. Library of Parliament, Law and Government Division. Wendy Moss. “History of
Example Discriminatory Laws Affecting Aboriginal People.” Backgrounder. Ottawa, 1987.
LETTERS IN PUBLISHED COLLECTIONS
CMOS 14.111 First note Subsequent/shortened note
1 6
Letter writer First Name Last Name to Recipient First Name Last Name to Last Name,
Template Last Name, Date. Excerpt reprinted in Title of Volume, ed. First Date, page number.
Name Last Name (Location: Publisher, Date), page number.
1
John A. MacDonald to Archbishop Taché, 27 December 1871. 6John A. MacDonald to
Example Excerpt reprinted in A Source-Book of Canadian History: Archbishop Taché, 27
Selected Documents and Personal Papers, eds J. H. Stewart December 1871, 180.
Reid, Kenneth McNaught, and Harry S. Crowe (Toronto:
Longmans Canada Limited, 1999), 180.
Bibliography entry
Last Name, First name to Recipient First Name Last Name, Date. Excerpt reprinted in Title
Template of Volume, edited by First Name Last Name, page range. Location: Publisher, Date,
page range.
John A. MacDonald to Archbishop Taché, 27 December 1871. Excerpt reprinted in A
Example Source-Book of Canadian History: Selected Documents and Personal Papers, edited
by J. H. Stewart Reid, Kenneth McNaught, and Harry S. Crowe, 180. Toronto:
Longmans Canada Limited, 1999.

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 16

PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS
CMOS 14.214 First note Subsequent/shortened note
1 4
Template First Name Last Name, description, Date. Last Name, date.
1 4
Example Faye Henson, e-mail message to author, January 17, 2012. Henson, January 17, 2012.
Bibliography entry: Personal communications are rarely included in the bibliography. There are ethical
issues when you use personal communications, so always check with your instructor if you are
considering using them in your paper (CMOS 13.3).
PAMPHLETS, BROCHURES, AND REPORTS
CMOS 14.220 First note Subsequent/shortened note
1 18
Template First Name, Last Name OR Organization, Title of Pamphlet: Last Name OR
Subtitle of Pamphlet (Location: Publisher, Date), page Organization, Title of
number. Pamphlet, page number.
Example 1Tree Planters of Alberta, Alberta’s Boreal Forests: Annual 18
Tree Planters of Alberta,
Report, 2007 (Calgary: TPA, 2008), 34. Alberta’s Boreal Forests, 34.
Bibliography entry
Template Last Name, First Name OR Organization. Title of Pamphlet: Subtitle of Pamphlet. Location:
Publisher, Date.
Example Tree Planters of Alberta. Alberta’s Boreal Forests: Annual Report, 2007. Calgary: TPA,
2008
TREATIES
CMOS 14.290 First note Subsequent/shortened note
Template “Treaty Name,” opened for signature date, Title of Larger 3
“Treaty Name,” page
Series or Filing Organization, registration number number.
(Location: Repository, Date), page number, URL.
Example “Treaty 6,” opened for signature August 28, 1876 , 3
“Treaty 6,” page number.
Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, no. R33-0664
(Ottawa: Queen’s Printer and Controller of Stationary,
1964), https://www.aadnc-
aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100028710/1100100028783
Bibliography entry
Template “Title of Treaty.” Opened for signature date, Title of Larger Series or Filing Organization.
Publication information for source (edited book, journal, website, etc.), Date.
Example “Treaty 6.” Opened for signature August 28, 1876, Indigenous and Northern Affairs
Canada, no. R33-0664, Ottawa: Queen’s Printer and Controller of Stationary, 1964.
https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100028710/1100100028783

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 17

POWERPOINT SLIDES
CMOS 14.217 First note Subsequent/shortened note
Template 1
First Name Last Name, “Title of Slideshow” (Presentation 4
Last Name, “Shortened
Type, format and event description and location, date Title,” slide number.
conducted), slide number.
Example 1
Tracey Bretag, “Contract Cheating Research: Implications 4
Bretag, “Contract Cheating
for Canadian Universities” (PowerPoint, keynote lecture Research,” slide 4.
Canadian Symposium on Academic Integrity, Calgary, AB,
April 17, 2019), slide 4.
Bibliography entry
Template Last Name, First name. “Title of Slideshow.” Presentation Type, format and event
description and location, date.
Example Bretag, Tracey. “Contract Cheating Research: Implications for Canadian Universities.”
PowerPoint, keynote lecture Canadian Symposium on Academic Integrity, Calgary,
AB, April 17, 2019.
THESES OR DISSERTATIONS
CMOS 14.215 First note Subsequent/shortened note
Template 1
First Name Last Name. “Title of Dissertation or Thesis” 4
Last Name, “Title,” page
(PhD Diss. or master’s thesis, University, Date), page number
number, Repository, DOI or URL.
Example 1
Joshua St Pierre, “Fluency Machines: Semiocapitalism, St. Pierre, “Fluency
4

Disability, and Action” (PhD diss., University of Alberta, Machines,” 57.

2018), 241, Education and Research Archive,
https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-x9mt-dz02
Bibliography entry
Template Last Name, First Name. “Title of Thesis or Dissertation.” PhD Diss. or master’s thesis,
University, Date. Repository. DOI or URL.
Example St. Pierre, Joshua. “Fluency Machines: Semiocapitalism, Disability, and Action.” PhD diss.,
University of Alberta, 2018. Education and Research Archive.
https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-x9mt-dz02
COURSEPACK
The preferred way to cite a coursepack is to cite the original publication of what has been reprinted (this
information should be in the coursepack). If that information is not available, you should cite your
coursepack like a chapter in an edited volume where your instructor is the editor and MacEwan is the
publisher. You should check with your instructor about how to cite their coursepack.

Questions? Comments? Give

us feedback on this guide

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 18

Sample Paper for Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography

Amy Halpert CMOS calls for a separate title page, but
consult with your instructor about
whether they would like a title page and
PHIL 250 0P11 how it should be formatted. You should
include your name, course information,
June 13, 2018 the date and a title.

Doctrines of Pain: Comparing Epictetus and Epicurus

At first glance, the philosophies of Epicurus and Epictetus can seem very

different. However, Epictetus and Epicurus are actually very similar in their doctrine,
Footnote numbers
correspond with entries and both prescribe a lifestyle that is mainly focused on pain avoidance. The key
at the bottom of the
page. The first footnote difference between them is that Epictetus believes it is not the events of life which
to a new source is a
complete entry. cause us pain but our reaction to them, whereas Epicurus identifies a “pain due to
Footnote 6 on the next
page is a want” 2 that must be filled to be free of pain. The doctrine that best avoids pain will
shortened/subsequent
version of this note
follow Epictetus’ statements regarding good judgement while addressing the pain due

to want identified by Epicurus. This paper outlines the differences and similarities

between the two philosophers and demonstrates the best doctrine of pain avoidance

following their principles.

This footnote contains Both Epictetus and Epicurus advocate for pain avoidance rather than of the
information from a
source. In this case, a full pursuit of pleasure. While Epictetus does not directly state that the goal of life should
citation follows the
additional information. be pain avoidance, he demonstrates it in several passages.3 In Enchiridion, he states:

2
Epicurus, “Letters to Menoeceus,” in Ethics: History, Theory, and Contemporary Issues, 4th ed., ed.

Steven M. Cahn and Peter Markie (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 181.
3
For instance, Epictetus suggests that one should “suppress desire and aversion, and…. [that] to combat

some individual bad habit, one should practice the opposite behavior.” Margaret Graver, “Epictetus.”

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “Epictetus,” ed. Edward N. Zalta, 2017,

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 19
“It is better to die of hunger, so that you may be free from pain […], than to live in

plenty and be troubled in mind.”4 Epictetus explicitly claims that it is better to die in a

life devoid of pain than live in one which contains pain, and further claims that other

goods are instrumental only to the end of living without pain. According to Epictetus,

“what disturbs men’s mind is not events but their judgement of events.”5 So, if we

will only that the world unfolds as it does, then we will avoid the pain of having our
Paragraphs
begin on the expectations unmet and find peace. These quotes demonstrate that for Epictetus, what
next line (no
added matters most is pain avoidance – all other goods are inferior.
“enters”) and
are indented
However, it at first appears that Epicurus’ philosophy is not about pain
one tab. See
general
formatting avoidance but rather the pursuit of pleasure. As he writes in “Letter to Menoeceus”:
for more
information. [We] recognize pleasure as the first good innate in us, and from pleasure we
begin every act of choice and avoidance, and to pleasure we return again,
using the feeling as the standard by which we judge every good. And since
pleasure is the first good and natural to us, for this very reason we do not
Paragraph continues choose every pleasure, but sometimes we pass over many pleasures, when
with a double-space greater discomfort accrues to us.6
without an indent. In
rare cases where you
end a paragraph on a
Epicurus’ thoughts regarding “pain due to want”7 suggest that he is more focused on
block quotation, you
would indent your pain avoidance. He writes: “For it is then that we have need of pleasure, when we feel
new paragraph.
pain owing to the absence of pleasure; (but when we do not feel pain), we no longer

need pleasure.”8 Epicurus suggests that the value of pleasure is that it removes pain –

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epictetus/#MinBod
4
Epictetus, “Enchiridion,” in Ethics: History, Theory, and Contemporary Issues, 4th ed., ed. Steven M.

4 and 5 are Cahn and Peter Markie (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 185.
subsequent/shortened
notes. Both references 5
Epictetus, “Enchiridion,” 184.
have already appeared
in full form (notes 1 6
Epicurus, “Letter to Menoeceus,” 181.
and 3). 7
Epicurus, “Letter to Menoeceus,” 181.
8
Epicurus, “Letter to Menoeceus,” 180.

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 20
once the pain is gone, we no longer need pleasure. Epicurus’ thoughts on the limits of

pleasure reaffirm this idea: “the pleasure in the flesh is not increased, when once the
The ellipsis plus
period signifies a
sentence break has pain due to want is removed, but it is only varied…. [and therefore] infinite time
been omitted and
the square brackets contains no greater pleasure than limited time.”9 Thus, pleasure only increases
contain a
modification to happiness to the point where it removes pain. Then, it simply varies the pleasure we
condense the
quotation. See feel, but does not add to it.10 A longer life thus entails the possibility of more pain,
further examples of
modifying which pleasure can remedy, but dying contains no pain at all and is thus equal to a life
quotations.
of pleasure.

To summarize, Epicurus and Epictetus agree that we should order our lives

Both footnotes are for around pain avoidance, but they differ in what sources they attribute the causes of
paraphrases. These
are ideas captured pain to. Epicurus identifies pains that are caused due to want of pleasures, and so he
from a source in
one’s own grammar prescribes pursuing the minimum amount of pleasures.11 While Epictetus seems
and syntax.
focused only on pains of the soul, pains of the body exist as well, and should also be

considered. As such, combining the insights of both Epicurus and Epictetus, results in

a doctrine of pain avoidance that avoids more pain together than either of the two do

in solitude.

9
Epicurus, “Leading Doctrines,” in Ethics: History, Theory, and Contemporary Issues, 4th ed., ed. Steven

Author M. Cahn and Peter Markie (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 181.
introduces a
new work by 10
Monte Johnson. “History: Epicurus’ Cure for Unhappiness.” Wireless Philosophy, YouTube, August
Epicurus, so
they add a 19, 2014, 9:32, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E5f5smh7Keo
full footnote
for the new 11
Johnson, “Epicurus’ Cure for Unhappiness.”
source.

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^

 “Bibliography” is Chicago Style Notes-Bibliography 21
centred in plain
text.

Bibliography

Epictetus. “Enchiridion.” In Ethics: History, Theory, and Contemporary Issues, 4th

ed., edited by Steven M. Cahn and Peter Markie, 182-194. Oxford: Oxford
Entries are University Press, 2009.
organized
alphabetically by Epicurus. “Leading Doctrines.” In Ethics: History, Theory, and Contemporary Issues,
last name. Where an
author appears more 4th ed., edited by Steven M. Cahn and Peter Markie, 180-182. Oxford: Oxford
than once, University Press, 2009.
alphabetize letter-
by-letter by title. Epicurus. “Letter to Menoeceus.” In Ethics: History, Theory, and Contemporary
Issues, 4th ed., edited by Steven M. Cahn and Peter Markie, 178-180. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2009.

Johnson, Monte. “History: Epicurus’ Cure for Unhappiness.” YouTube, Wireless

Philosophy, August 19, 2014, 9:32,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E5f5smh7Keo

Graver, Margaret. “Epictetus.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by

Edward N. Zalta, April 17, 2017. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epictetus/

Each individual chapter that is used in

an edited volume has a separate entry
with the editors after the edition number
and book title.

Entries are arranged using a “hanging

indent.” What this means is that the first line
is fully adjusted left and the remaining lines
are one tab in from the left. You can use your
ruler function in Word to do this or there is a
“hanging indent” feature in Word:
Paragraph> Indents and Spacing>
Special> Hanging

MacEwan University, Student Success Services, 2019 Back to top ^