WINDLOAD CALCULATION PROCEDURE
Typical floor plan is 15 x 20 m with a total building height of 18 m and a 1.2 m high
paraphet.
Ground floor height to 5th is 3.0 m and the top floor has a 3.0 m floor-to-floor height.
Occupancy Category: Category IV (Table 103-1)
Enclosed Classification: Enclosed (Section 207A-10)
Basic Wind Speed, V: 310 kph = 86.11 m/s (Figure 207.5-1B)
Wind Directionality Factor, K d : 0.85 (Table 207A.6-1)
Topographic Factor, K zt : 1.0 (Section 207A.8.2)
Fundamental Natural Frequency, n1: (Section 207A.9.3)
14.94
n a= 0.9
h
14.94
na ¿ 0.9
(21.6)
n a=0.940 Hz Therefore, the structure is
considered as flexible building.
Exposure Category: Exposure C (Section
207A.7.3)
Gust Effect Factor, G: (Section
207A.9.5)
Gust Effect Factor Formula: (Equation 207A.9-
14)
( 1+1.7 I z̄ √ g Q Q + g R R
)
2 2
Gf =¿ 0.925
2 2
1+1.7 g v I z̄
where,
gQ and gv = 3.4
0.577
g R=√ 2 ln ( 3600 n1 ) +
√2 ln ( 3600 n 1)
0.577
g R=√ 2 ln ( 3600(0.940) ) +
√ 2 ln ( 3600(0.940))
g R=4.175
For L z,l = 152.40 m and ε = 1/5 For V z, b = 0.65 and α = 1/6.5
( )
α
z
( )
ε
z V z=b V
L z=l 10
10
( )
1
21.6 6.5
( )
1
21.6 5 V z=0.65 (86.11)
L z=152.40 10
10
L z=¿ 177.78 m V z=63.01 m/s
For N 1. For Rn .
n1 L z 7.47 N 1
N 1= Rn = 5
Vz
0.940(177.78) (1+10.3 N 1) 3
N 1= 7.47 (2.562)
63.01 Rn = 5
N 1=2.652 3
[1+10.3 (2.652)]
Rn =0.075
For Rℎ,
4.6 n1 ℎ 1 1 − 2(1.482)
η= Rℎ = − [1− e ]
Vz 1.482 2(1.482)
4.6(0.946)(21.6) Rℎ =0.355
η=
63.01
η=1.482
For R B.
4.6 n1 ℎ 1 1
η= R B= − ¿
Vz 1.029 2(1.029)
4.6(0.940)(15) R B=0.548
η=
63.01
η=1.029
For R L , 1 1
15.4 n1 L R L= − ¿
η= 4.595 2(4.595)
Vz R L=0.109
15.4 (0.940)(20)
η=
63.01
η=4.595
For I z , For Q,
( 10z )
√
1
I z =c 6 1
Q=
( )
0.63
B+ H
1+0.63
I =0. 2 (
21.6 )
1
10 6 Lz
z
√
I z =¿ 0.176 1
Q=
( )
0.63
15+20
1+0.63
1 77.78
Q=¿ 0.903
For R,
R=
1
√ R R R (0.53+0.47 R L )
β n ℎ B
R=
√1
0.02
R=0.651
(0.355)(0.075)(0.548)[0.53+0.47 (0.109)]
Therefore, the gust factor is
( 1+1.7 I z̄ √ g Q Q + g R R
)
2 2
Gf =¿ 0.925
2 2
1+1.7 g v I z̄
Gf =¿ 0.925
( 1+1.7(0.176) √ (3.4 )2( 0.903)2 +(4.175)2 (0.651)2
1+1.7(3.4)(0.176) )
Gf =¿ 1.021
Wall External Pressure Coefficient, C p:
Table 1.1 Wall External Pressure Coefficients
Surface Wind Direction L/B Cp
Leeward Wall Perpendicular to 20-m face 0.75 -0.50
Leeward Wall Perpendicular to 15-m face 1.33 -0.434
Windward Wall 0.80
Side Walls -0.70
parallel to the building L 15 m
shorter dimension B 20 m
parallel to the building L 20 m
NOTE:
longer dimension B 15 m
*value of Cp in perpendicular to 15-m face is calculated using
interpolation process.
By interpolation,
Perpendicular to 15-m face
20
L/B = = 1.33
15
1− 1.33 0.5 − x
=
1− 2 − 0.5 −0.3
C p=− 0.434
Roof External Pressure Coefficient, C p:
Table 1.2 Wall External Pressure Coefficients
Surface h/L Wind Direction Cp
Perpendicular to 0 to h/2 -1.04
1.44
20-m face >h/2 -0.70
Perpendicular to 0 to h/2 -1.04
1.08
15-m face >h/2 -0.70
Perpendicular to L 15 m
20-m face B 20 m
Perpendicular to L 20 m
15-m face B 15 m
Height of the building h 21.6 m
NOTE:
*Since the area 300 sq.m >92.9
0.80
sq.m, use reduction factor.
*Since the building has a flat roof falling under the condition of
a roof with a ø<10°, the roof surface is considered as a leeward
surface.
By interpolation,
C p=0.80 ×− 1.3
C p=−1.04
Internal Pressure Coefficient, GC pi :
As noted in the foregoing, the building is classified as enclosed.
GC pi =¿ ± 0.18
Velocity Pressure, q:
The velocity pressure of MWFRS are calculated using the following equation:
q z = 0.613 K z K zt K d V 2 in N/m2; V in m/s (Equation 207B.3-
1)
Table 1.3 V elocity Pressure at Height z
MWFRS
Height,z
Exposure C
(m)
Kz qz (N/m ² )
0-4.1 0.77 2975
7.6 0.94 3632
11.1 1.022 3949
14.6 1.08 4173
By interpolation the value of K z 1.13
18.1 will be, 4366
21.6 1.178 4551
0 − 4.1 0−x 12.0− 14.6 1.04 − x
= =
0 −4.5 0 − 0.85 12.0− 15.0 1.04 −1.09
K z=0.77 K z=1.08
6.0 −7.6 0.90 − x 18.0 −18.1 1.13 − x
= =
6.0 −7.5 0.90 −0.94 18.0− 21.0 1.13− 1.17
K z=0.94 K z=1.13
9.0 −11.1 0.98 − x 21.0− 21.6 1.17 − x
= =
9.0 −12.0 0.98 −1.04 21.0 −24.0 1.17 −1.21
K z=1.022 K z=1.178
For the values of q z ,
q z = 0.613 K z K zt K d V 2
where,
K zt = 1.0, K d = 0.85, V = 86.11 m/s
For K z=0.77 ,
q z = 0.613(0.77)(1.0)(0.85)( 86.11)2
q z = 2975 N /m2
For K z=0.94 ,
q z = 0.613(0.94)( 1.0)( 0.85)( 86.11)2
q z = 3632 N /m2
For K z=1.022,
q z = 0.613(1.022)(1.0)(0.85)(86.11)2
q z = 3949 N /m2
For K z=1.08,
q z = 0.613(1.08)(1.0)(0.85)(86.11)2
q z = 4173 N /m2
For K z=1.13 ,
q z = 0.613(1.13)(1.0)(0.85)(86.11)2
q z = 4366 N /m2
For K z=1.178 ,
q z = 0.613(1.178)(1.0)(0.85)(86.11)2
q z = 4551 N /m2
Design Pressure for the MWFRS:
The equation for rigid buildings of all heights is given as follows:
p = qGC P − qi (GC Pi )
External Pressure for MWFRS for wind normal to 20-m face
The following summarizes the external pressures for MWFRS for wind normal to 20-
m face.
Table 1.4 External Pressures for MWFRS for Wind Normal to 20-m Face
External External
Gust Effect, Pressure,
Surface z or d qz Coefficient,
G P
Cp
0-4.1 2975 1.021 0.80 (N/m²)
2430
7.6 3632 1.021 0.80 2966
Windward 11.1 3949 1.021 0.80 3225
Wall 14.6 4173 1.021 0.80 3408
18.1 4366 1.021 0.80 3566
21.6 4551 1.021 0.80 3718
Leeward All 4551 1.021 -0.50 -2323
Side Walls All 4551 1.021 -0.70 -3253
0 - 15 4551 1.021 -1.04 -4832
Roof
15 - 20 4551 1.021 -0.70 -3253
Calculations for external pressure, p:
WINDWARD, LEEWARD
For z = 0-4.1 For z = All
p = (2975)(1.021)(0.80) p = (4551)(1.021)(-0.50)
p = 2430 N /m2 p = -2323 N /m2
SIDEWALLS
For z = 7.6
For z = All
p = (3632)(1.021)(0.80)
p = (4551)(1.021)(-0.70)
p = 2966 N /m2
p = -3253 N /m2
For z = 11.1 ROOF
p = (3949)(1.021)(0.80) For z = 0-15
p = (4551)(1.021)(-1.04)
p = -4832 N /m2
For z = 15-20
p = (4551)(1.021)(-0.70)
p = -3253
p = 3225 N /m2
For z = 14.6
p = (4173)(1.021)(0.80)
p = 3408 N /m2
For z = 18.1
p = (4366)(1.021)(0.80)
p = 3566 N /m2
For z = 21.6
p = (4551)(1.021)(0.80)
p = 3718 N /m2
External Pressure for MWFRS for wind normal to 15m face
The following summarizes the external pressures for MWFRS for wind normal to 15-
m face.
Table 1.5 External Pressures for MWFRS for Wind Normal to 15-m Face
External External
Gust Effect,
Surface z or d qz Coefficient, Pressure,
G
Cp P
0-4.1 2975 1.021 0.80 (N/m²)
2430
7.6 3632 1.021 0.80 2966
Windward 11.1 3949 1.021 0.80 3225
Wall 14.6 4173 1.021 0.80 3408
18.1 4366 1.021 0.80 3566
21.6 4551 1.021 0.80 3718
Leeward All 4551 1.021 -0.43 -2017
Side Walls All 4551 1.021 -0.70 -3253
0 - 15 4551 1.021 -1.04 -4832
Roof
0 - 15 4551 1.021 -0.70 -3253
Calculations for external pressure, p:
WINDWARD, LEEWARD
For z = 0-4.1 For z = All
p = (2975)(1.021)(0.80) p = (4551)(1.021)(-0.43)
p = 2430 N /m2 p = -2017 N /m2
For z = 7.6 SIDEWALLS
p = (3632)(1.021)(0.80) For z = All
p = (4551)(1.021)(-0.70)
p = -3253 N /m2
ROOF
For z = 0-15
p = 2966 N /m2
For z = 11.1
p = (3949)(1.021)(0.80)
p = 3225 N /m2
For z = 14.6
p = (4173)(1.021)(0.80)
p = 3408 N /m2
For z = 18.1
p = (4366)(1.021)(0.80)
p = 3566 N /m2
For z = 21.6
p = (4551)(1.021)(0.80)
p = 3718 N /m2
