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Botany Med Easy by Vipin Sir-Split

Best of bio 12th and 11thndbdbhdhdjdjdjd

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392 views8 pages

Botany Med Easy by Vipin Sir-Split

Best of bio 12th and 11thndbdbhdhdjdjdjd

Uploaded by

stringroger4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
ECosysTeM * Ecosystem fs the gunetfenallianit, Gunetionalliunit, of natute, where living oxganisms (viotic) interact among dhemse ves and also with the Surrounding pny. ~ sical envinonment Cabiotic). * Ecosystem can vany in stze from a small pond to a lange sea/ forest * Entine biosphene '5) a global ewssystem wich ts sum of all local ecosys. ~tems on €anth- CTORESEMAD I’ke: Fonest desent and gxassland (MariMade like: cHopland + aquarium @qBEHIA like: Pond.take, wetland , iver and estuany ems ECOSYSTEM: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS semen “Intexaction of biotic and abiotic components xesults in a physical stsu ~etuste that 1s chanactenistic fos each type of ecosystem * The type of soil, mean tempexatue ato place 6 water status decides what Kind of plants will gow tn that place- Specific hestbivores will inhabit this place because of the vegetation 1 more caynivores will fustnen follow these hexbivones. That's how an ecosystem Ts formed id Identification and enumeration Cewanttng the numbers) of plants and animal’ species of an ecosystem gives Its Medium Tree Layer Shrub Layer Ground Layer/ Herb or Grass Layer ee ——T tne A> major aspects of ecosystems ane as follow! 9 productivity . pecomposition menengy Flow and p Nuteiient cycling ,To understand all 4-aspects of ecosystem, let's tare example of simple aquatic ecosystem i-e., POND (shallow watert body) a Biotic components includ The abiotic component includes: 4. Autotrophs:like phytoplankton, some algae 4, Water with all the dissolved inorganic and the floating, submerged and marginal and organic substances plants found at the edges. 2, Soil deposit at the bottom of the pond 2. The consumers (heterotrophs) are 3. Light via the solar input represented by the zooplankton, the free , Temperature, day-length and other swimming and bottom dwelling forms. climatic conditions regulate the rate of 3, The decomposers are the fungi, basteria.and function of the entire pond. flagellates especially abundant in the bottom of the pond. “This small pond penfonms all te functions of an ecosystem like: Pr uuctivity» conversion of inongante matesifal into ouganic material wlth the help of light energy bY autotnophic = pétsjnpasitfon’ decomposition and minewalisation of dead matter to nelase them back fon Heuse by autotrophs- ™ = hs: 6 yeterto trop! P umptfon of autotxophs bY into Inorganic molecule, mEMengy\ Flow?) cons’ jon of organic blomass int 9 S . 1810 @ Nutnient eyeing + conve’ LT propuctivl ° b *A constant fnput of colak enengs ' nctfon x sustain as aris Sol aie nequinement for any eco. at eneny Will be Converted - system to fu Into chemical enengy Cealled food): the amount of biomass on oxtganic + piiraaiy prloauction is defined as mattex produced pet unit aiea by plavi i ene! expnessed intenms of weignt Ga ox ; “94 sn it ti Jomass production |S & * The @GED Cpen unit time) of biom sigs ox ABE? te compare protctity of serent comptes oP nny, ‘ Rate of formation of new Amount of biomass generated organic matter by consumers is per unit area per unit time by called Secondary Productivity. producer (plant) via photosynthesis is called Primary Productivity, ts duxing photosynthesis. It is Gross primary productivity Gross primary productivity minus respiration (GPP) of an ecosystem is the losses (Rl, is the net primary productivity (NPP rate of production of organic which is available biomass for the consumption matter during photosynthesis, to heterotrophs (herbivores and decomposers). ¢ Paimany Productivity depends on plant species Tnnabiting a part: “Ieulan amea (which tn fact depends upon many abiotic factors) 2 thus it varies in dif fenent ecosystems. * The ‘Gnviko NI PP’ of whole biosphene ig @nound ‘(¥eVetllfon'tond ‘tons Cany weignt) o ouganic matter: --> 55 Billion Ton in oceans that occupies 70% of Earth's area 2-115 Billion Ton on land that occupies 30% of Earth's area = emer DECOMPOSITION rr * Eaxtnwoum is called as ‘Faimen's Fate (as it helps int @ bxeakdown of complez organic matte Into fnonganic substances like COz, H20 and nutaients Soi! fentility T + Dead plant Hemains such as leaves, bank. flowens % dead ® Loosening of soil animal xemains , including fecal matten constitutes Haw matenial fon decomposition called @bETRITUSY Thee ane 5 steps in ucemiposivian namely + FHagmentatic Note? FHagmentation , teaching s catabolism openate simultaneously- he = ie Detritivores (e.g, earthworm, nites) break down detritus into ye Leaching smaller particles (no chemical Out of the fragmented matter, the water soluble inorganic change) nutrients go down into the soll horizon and get precipitated as unavaitable salts, mM ton The humus Is further degraded by some microbes and release of Inorganic Ic nutrients. “Hurt fication minenalisatfon occun during A they stelease minenals slowly.

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