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org

The MediPrep Guidebook: Quantitative

Arithmetic
a. Fractions and their Decimals
Fraction Decimal
½ 0.5
1/3 0.3
¼ 0.25
1/5 0.2
1/6 0.16
1/7 0.14
1/8 0.125
1/9 0.11
1/10 0.1
1/11 0.09
1/12 0.08
• NMAT Tip
- Memorize these fractions and their decimals as it will help you approximate the percent change during data analysis
- This will also help you approximate values in the Physics and Chemistry subtests when calculations are needed.
b. Perfect Squares
12 = 1 22 = 4 32 = 9 42 = 16 52 = 25
62 = 7 72 = 49 82 = 64 92 = 81 102 = 100
112 = 121 122 = 144 132 = 169 142 = 196 152 = 225

• NMAT Tip
- Memorize these perfect square values to solve when questions require certain numbers to be squared.
- These questions are common in quantitative questions concerning
o Pythagorean theorem
o Quadratic equations
o Solving with radicals
c. Common Conversions
• Centimeters
o Centimeters to meters
100cm = 1m
o Centimeters to kilometers
1000cm = 1km
o Centimeters to inches
1cm = 0.4 inches
• Meters
o Meters to kilometers
1000m = 1km
o Meters to inches
1m = 39 inches
o Meters to feet
1m = 3.3 feet
• Feet
o Feet to Inches
1 foot = 12 inches
• Kilometers
o Kilometers to feet
1km = 3280 feet
o Kilometers to miles
1km = 0.6 miles
d. Order of Operations
- P (parentheses)
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- E (exponents)
- M (multiplication)
- D (division)
- A (addition)
- S (subtraction)
e. Multiply Binomials
(x+2)(x+4) x(x+4) + 2(x+4)
= x2 + 4x + 2x + 8
= x2 + 6x + 8

f. Quadratic Equation

𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
g. Special Products: Sum and Difference of Cubes

• NMAT TIP
- Be aware of what the question is asking – look at the choices!
o You may not need to expand the whole binomial
o Choose to do the bare minimum to increase your speed
- Example:
o In all the choices, the trinomial remains the same
o Only the binomial changes in every choice, which means you only need to solve for the binomial and you no longer
have to expand the trinomial
a. (x-1)(x3 + xy + y2)
b. (2x-1)( x3 + xy + y2)
c. (x-2) (x3 + xy + y2)
d. (x-3) (x3 + xy + y2)
h. Pascal’s Triangle and Binomial Expansion
(a+b)0 1
(a+b)1 𝑎+𝑏
(a+b)2 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
(a+b)3 𝑎 + 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑏 3
3

(a+b)4 𝑎 + 4𝑎3 𝑏 + 6𝑎2 𝑏 2 + 4𝑎𝑏 3 + 𝑏 4

4

(a+b)5 𝑎 + 5𝑎4 𝑏 + 10𝑎3 𝑏 2 + 10𝑎2 𝑏 3 + 5𝑎𝑏 4 + 𝑏 5

5

• NMAT Tip
- Memorize pascal’s triangle and binomial expansion to increase your speed
o Some questions will ask you to expand binomials to the 4th or 5th power
o Instead of expanding manually, memorize pascal’s triangle and input the variables of a and b accordingly to solve
for the correct answer
- Example: (2x + 3y)4
o A = 2x and B = 3y
o According to pascal’s triangle (a + b) 4 = (2x)4 + 4(2x)3(3y) + 6(2x)2(3y)2 + 4(2x)(3y)3 + (3y)4
16x4 + 96x3y + 216x2y2 + 216xy3 + 81y4
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i. Exponents
• Structure
- Base: 2
- Exponent: 7

27
• Laws of Exponents
Multiplication Rule 𝑎 𝑥 𝑥𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥+𝑦
Division Rule 𝑎 𝑥 ÷ 𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥−𝑦
Power of a Power Rule (𝑎 𝑥 ) 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥𝑦
Power of a Product Rule (𝑎𝑏) 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥
Power of a Fraction Rule 𝑎 𝑎𝑥
( )𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑏 𝑏
Zero Exponent 𝑎0 = 1
Negative Exponent 1
𝑎−𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑎
𝑥
Fractional Exponent 𝑦
𝑎𝑦 = √𝑎 𝑥

• NMAT Tip
- Remember and adhere to the laws of exponents
- The NMAT likes to add in answers that result from incorporating common mistakes that people make when solving with
exponents
o Example: evaluate (3x + 2)2
a. 9x2 + 4
b. 9x2 + 12x + 4
c. 6x + 4
o Letter (B) is the correct answer, not letter A or C
Letter A is actually… 32 x (x)2 + 22
Letter C is actually … 3(2)x + 2(2)
Letter B… (3x + 2)(3x + 2)
j. Radicals
• Structure
- In the structure below
o Index: 3
o Radicand: 25
3
√27
• Rationalization
- Multiply the top and bottom by the radical in the denominator

• NMAT Tip
- Instead of working with big indices in questions involving radicals, you can simplify the index used
- Example: when the index of the radical expression may be large
o Split the index into roots that are smaller and more familiar splitting up the 6th root into = cube root x square
root
o
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Problem Solving
a. Verbal Expressions to Mathematical Expressions
Verbal Expression Mathematical Operation Example
Sum, sum of, added to, increased by, + Three more than a number: 3 + x
more than, plus, and
Difference, minus, subtracted from, - Fifteen minus a number: 15 - x
decreased by, less, less than
Product, the product of, of, multiplied by, ⋅ Two times a number: 2x
times
Quotient, divided by, ratio ÷ Twenty divided by a number: 20/x
Equals, is equal to, is, the result is, = Four times a number equals eighty
becomes
A number, an unknown quantity, an x (or any symbol) A hundred divided by a number
unknown, a quantity equals twenty
• NMAT Tip
- Usually, word problems will a larger and smaller number.
o Ex: The sum of two numbers is 84, and one of them is 12 more than the other. What are the two numbers?
o Identify and assign variables to the smaller and larger number
X = smaller and Y = larger
- Then set up two equations
o Equation 1: the sum of two numbers is 84 X + Y = 84
o Equation 2: one of them is 12 more than the other – this denotes that the larger number is 12 more than the
smaller Y = X + 12
o Substitute equation 2 into equation 1
X + (X + 12) = 84
2x = 84 -12
X = 36
b. Geometry: Area, Perimeter, Circumference and Volume
Shape Formula
Rectangle Area = Length X Width
A = lw
Perimeter = 2 X Lengths + 2 X
Widths P = 2l + 2w

Parallelogram Area = Base X Height

A = bh
Perimeter = add the length of all sides
P = 2a + 2b
Triangle Area = 1/2 of the base X the height
A = ½ bh
Perimeter = a + b + c (add the length of the three sides)
Trapezoid Area = 1/2 of the base
X the height A = [(b1 + b2)/2]h
Perimeter = add lengths of all sides
P = a + b1 + b2 + c
Circle Radius = the distance from the center to a point on the circle
(r).
Diameter = the distance between two points on the circle
through the center (d = 2r).
Circumference = the distance around the circle (C = π d = 2 π r).
(Assume π ≈ 3) Area = πr2
Rectangular Solid Volume = Length X Width X Height
V = lwh
Surface area = 2lw + 2lh + 2wh
Prism Volume = Base X Height
V = bh
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Surface area = 2b + Ph (b is the area of the base P is the

perimeter of the base)
Cylinder Cylinder
Volume = πr 2 X height
V = πr 2 h
Surface Area= 2π radius X height S = 2πrh + 2πr 2
Pyramid Volume = 1/3 area of the base X height
V = 1/3bh
b is the area of the base
Surface Area: Add the area of the base to the sum of the areas
of all of the triangular faces. The areas of the triangular faces
will have different formulas for different shaped bases.
Cone Volume = 1/3 area of the base x height
V= 1/3πr2h
Surface Area = 𝜋𝑟(𝑟 + √ℎ2 + 𝑟 2

Sphere Volume
V = πr 3
Surface Area = 4πr2

c. Pythagorean Theorem

𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 𝑐 2
• Special Triangles

• Pythagorean Triples
- Use the Pythagorean triples to increase your speed, this prevents you from having to calculate values manually
o Example: The sides of a triangle are given. Sides A and B are 9cm and 40cm, respectively. What is the length of side
C?
Side C is easily … 41cm
a, b, c
3, 4, 5
7, 24, 25
9, 40, 41
12, 35, 37
5, 12, 13
8, 15, 17
11, 60, 61

d. Distance between 2 Points

𝑑 = √(𝑥2 + 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
• NMAT Tip
- Questions asking for the distance between two points may be tedious, but it’s important to be familiar the formula and the
values of perfect squares to increase your speed
- On the NMAT, immediately look at the two points given and assign values for x1 and x2 and y1 and y2
Information from: [Link]

o Example: What is the distance between point A (3,4) and point B (13,14)
o x1 = 3 and x2 = 13
o y1 = 14 and y2 = 14
d = sq. root (13-3)2 + (14-4)2
d = sq. root 20
e. Proportions
• Direct Proportion
- As quantity x increases, so quantity y increases
• Inverse Proportion
- As quantity y increases, so quantity y decreases
f. Age Problems
• NMAT Tip
- Step 1: Assign variables to the people involved in the word problem
- Step 2: Create equations for each statement or create a chart
- Step 3: Evaluate
• Example 1: Bob is twelve times that of his son Steve. If the age of Steve is 3 years, what is the age of Bob?
- Step 1: Bob = B, Steve = S
- Step 2:
o Equation 1: B = 12S
o Equation 2: B = 12(3)
o Bob is 36 years old
• Example 2: Carmen is 12 years older than David. Five years ago, the sum of their ages was 28. How old are they now?
- Step 1: David = D, Carmen = D + 12
- Step 2: Create a chart and create equations
Now 5 Years Ago (-5)
Carmen D + 12 D + 12 – 5 or D + 7
David D D–5
- Five years ago, the sum of their ages was 28. How old are they now?
o (D + 7) + (D + 5) = 28
o 2D + 12 = 28
o 2D = 26
o D = 13, David is 13 years old
o Carmen is D + 12 so 12 + 13 = 25 years old
g. Money Matters
• Simple Interest
- I = interest
- P = Principal (initial value)
- r = interest rate
- t = time (years)
𝐼 = 𝑃𝑟𝑡
- Example: Shirley got a $1200 loan for 2 years. She paid $90 in interest. What was the interest rate
o Step 1: assign your values and variables
I = 90
P = 1200
r=?
t=2
o Step 2: Isolate for r
r = I/Pt
r = (90)/(1200)(2) = 0.0375
Interest rate was 3.75%
• Compound Interest
- P = principal amount (initial investment)
- r = annual nominal interest rate as a decimal
- n = number of times the interest is compounded per year
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- t = number of years
𝑟 𝑛𝑡
𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + )
𝑛
- Example: Find the principal amount invested if the amount in a semi-annually compounded account with a 4% rate is $6000
after 60 months?
o Step 1: Assign your values and variables
A = 6000
P=?
r = 0.04
n=2
t = 7.5 years
o Step 2: Isolate for P
P = A / (1 + r/n)nt
P = 6000 / (1 + 0.04/2) 2(5)
P = 6000 / (1 + (0.04/2))10
P = 6000 / 1.21
P = $4922

• Continuously Compounded Interest

- A = future value
- P = principal amount (initial investment)
- r = interest rate
- t = time (years)

𝐴 = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡
- Example: suppose an investment earns 2% interest compounded continuously if $5000 is invested what will the value of the
investment be in 20 years?
o Step 1: Assign your values and variables
A=?
P = 5000
e = 2.7
r = 0.02
t = 20
o Step 2: Calculate for A
A = 5000(2.7)(0.02)(20)
A = 7439
• Discount: reduction from original price
- Find the Discount
o Discount = Discount Rate x Original Price
o Example: A dress priced at $1000 is on sale for 25% off. What is the discount?
Discount Rate = 0.25
Original Price = 1000
(1000)(0.25) = 250
- Find the Sale Price
o Sale Price = Original Price – Discount
o Example: A dress priced at $1000 is on sale for 25% off. What is the discount?
Discount Rate = 0.25
Original Price = 1000
(1000)(0.25) = 250
Sale Price = 1000 – 250 = 750
• Mark-Up: increase in original price
- Find the Mark-Up
o Mark-Up = Mark Up Rate x Cost
o Example: There was a 5% mark up on a wedding ring priced at $4000. What was the selling price?
Information from: [Link]

Mark Up Rate = 0.05

Original Price = 4000
(4000)(0.05) = 200
• Find the Selling Price
o Example: There was a 5% mark up on a wedding ring priced at $4000. What was the selling price?
Mark Up Rate = 0.05
Original Price = 4000
(4000)(0.05) = 200
Selling Price = 4000 + 200 = $4200
h. Work
• Equation
- Work = rate x time
o 1 = (1/a + 1/b)t
Addition if one individual or machine can help to finish the work
o 1 = (1/a - 1/b)t
Subtraction if one individual or machine can cause a delay in finishing the work
- Variables
o 1/a = rates in doing particular work at (a) hours
o 1/b = rates in doing particular work at (b) hours
o t = length of time spent working together
• Example
- Example 1: Adam can do a job in 4 hours while the same job takes Bob 5 hours. How long will it take both of them to work
together?
o Step 1: Decide the equation to be used 1 = (1/a + 1/b)t
You are trying to find t
o Step 2: Define the variables
Adam’s work = a
Bob’s work = b
o Step 3: isolate for t
t = 1/(1/a + 1/b)
o Step 4: Substitute the hours
t = 1 / (1/4 + 1/5)
t = 20/9
o NMAT Tip
Product / Sum = Time it takes to work together
4 x 5 / 4 + 5 = 20/9
- Example 2: Pipe A fills can fill a pool in 4 hours. Pipe B can empty the pool in 9 hours. How long will it take both pipes to
empty the tank
o Step 1: Decide the equation to be used 1 = (1/a - 1/b)t
You are trying to find t
o Step 2: Define the variables
Pipe A = a
Pipe B = b
o Step 3: isolate for t
t = 1/(1/a - 1/b)
o Step 4: Substitute the hours
t = 1 / (1/4 - 1/9)
t = 36/5
i. Venn Diagram Problems
• Formulas
o Total = A + B + neither – both
o Just 1 or Either = Total – (neither + both)
• Example: In a college, 200 students are randomly selected. 140 like tea, 120 like coffee and 80 like both tea and coffee.
o Total = 200
o A = tea = 140
o B = coffee = 120
Information from: [Link]

o Both = 80
o How many students like neither tea nor coffee?
Neither = Total – (A + B) + both
Neither = 200 - (140+120) + 80
Neither = 20
o How many students like only one of tea or coffee?
Just 1 or Either = Total – (neither + both)
Just 1 or Either = 200 – (20 + 80)
Just 1 = 100
• Example: Out of forty students, 14 are taking English Composition and 29 are taking Chemistry.
o If five students are in both classes, how many students are in neither class?
Total = A + B + neither - both
• Total = 40 students
• A = English = 14 students
• B = Chemistry = 29 students
• Both = 5 students
• Neither = Total – A – B + Both
• Neither = 40 – 14 – 29 + 5 = 2
• 2 students are taking neither class

Data Analysis
a. Types of Graphs
• Line Graphs
- Line graphs are used to display continuous data.
- Line graphs can be useful in predicting future events when they show trends over time.
• Bar graphs
- Bar graphs are used to display categories of data.
- A bar graph is one method of comparing data by using solid bars to represent unique quantities.
• Histogram
- A special kind of bar graph that uses bars to represent the frequency of numerical data that have been organized into
intervals.
- Because the intervals are all equal, all of the bars have the same width
- Because the intervals are continuous (connected; ongoing), there is no space between the bars.
• Stem and leaf plot
- In a stem-and-leaf plot, the data are organized from least to greatest.
- The digits of the least place value form the leaves, and the next place value digits form the stems
• Pie chart
- used to show a relationship of the parts to a whole.
- Percentages are used to show how much of the whole each category occupies.
b. Percentage Change
• Increase
o Amount Increase = New number – Previous Number
o Percentage Increase = (Increase / Previous Number) x 100
• Decrease
o Amount Decrease = New number – Previous Number
o Percentage Decrease = (Decrease/ Previous Number) x 100
• NMAT Tip
- In data analysis questions… while these numbers can seem intimidating because they’re so large, you can solve more
efficiently through approximation
- Example: From 1981 to 1984, how many percent of the total registered aliens were Chinese?
a. 24%
b. 69%
c. 75%
d. 80%
o Step 1: Find the total registered Chinese alien from 1981 to 194
Instead of adding 39,233 + 24826 + 24, 509…
Just add 39.2 + 24.8 + 24.5 and 23.8 = 112.3
Approximate 112.3 to 110
o Step 2: Find the total registered aliens from 1981 to 194
Instead of adding 52,000 + 32,853 + 32,383 + 31,627…
Just add 52 + 32.9 + 32.4 + 31.6 = 148.9
Approximate 148.9 to 150
o Step 3: Find the percentage of Chinese registered aliens from 1981 to 194
112.3/150 you can move one decimal place to the left to work with a smaller number
112.3/150 becomes 11/15
Approximate 11/15 to 10/15 which is equivalent to 2/3 or 67%
o Step 4: Answer! 67% is very close to 69%, so letter B must be our answer

GENERAL TIPS & TRICKS

1. The only way you’ll improve is to practice

- Practice questions each day, while this might be scary and time consuming…
o Not very many do well on the quantitative subtest of the NMAT
o A great Part 1 score can improve your ranking if you don’t do well in Part 2
2. Approximate and use numbers that are easier to work with
- Memorize common fractions and their decimal equivalents
o This will help you answer questions in the quantitative subtests faster as well as in physics and chemistry
3. Remember the conversions
- Know how to convert centimeters, meters, kilometers, inches, miles etc.
o This will help you solve problems that give measurements in different units
o When the problem involves different units, ensure that all measurements are in the same unit – do this via
conversion
An 8 inch by 16cm by 2 foot box Convert all to inches
An 8 inch by 6.3 inch by 24 inch box
4. Remember Pascal’s Triangle and the Pythagorean Triples
- Memorizing Pascal’s triangle with binomial expansion will allow you to answer questions faster
o You won’t have to spend too much time manually expanding each term in the binomial
o Pythagorean triples is a short-cut so you don’t have to manually calculate using the Pythagorean theorem
5. When the indices in radical function questions may be too large, simplify
- If the indices are anything above the cube root, like 4th root, 6th root, 8th root … simplify
o 4th root = square root of square root
o 6th root = cube root of square root or vice versa
o 8th root = 4th root of square root or vice versa
 6. Always reduce to simplest terms
- NMAT questions always have answers in its simplest form
- When you reduce a fraction to its simplest, equivalent form
o Make this a habit because this practice will help you approximate for percentage increase or decrease in data
analysis questions

CEM 2018 Practice Test

Question 1 – Answer is (B)
• Rationale
- 96/8 = 12
- 12/4 = 3
Question 2 – Answer is (A)
• Rationale
- 45 + 68 = 113
- 51 + 25 =76
- 113 – 76 = 37 so answer must be 13,637
• Tip
- Only use the last two digits of the numbers given
- Since the letters A and B only differ in their last two digits
Question 3 – Answer is (B)
• Rationale
- 515 + 309 = 1224
- 423 + 716 = 1139
- 1224-1139 = 85
• Tip
- If the numbers are less than three digits long, you can solve fully
o But if the numbers are more than three digits long, you can approximate or you can choose to take only the last
few digits
Question 4 – Answer is (B)
• Rationale
2(x-y) + 3 + (x+3y) – 2(x-1)
= 2x – 2y + 3 + x + 3y -2x – 2
=x+y+1
Question 5
• Rationale
- Find common denominator between 1, x and x2 common denominator is x2

Question 6 – Answer is (C)

• Rationale

• Tip
Question 7 - Answer is (A)
• Rationale
 • Tip
- No need to expand fully
o Remember the sum and difference of cubes
o Look at all the choices, all are different but begin with 2 and a variable
o This means you only need to solve for (a+b)
Question 8 - Answer is (D)
• Rationale

• Tip
- Split the numerator and denominator into two equations
o Numerator = equation 1
Find the common denominator in the fraction
o Denominator = equation 2
Find the common denominator in the fraction
- Simplify!
Question 9 - Answer is (A)
• Rationale

• Tip
- Assign variables to make the problem easier
o Since the number 25 is common among the terms, assign 25 = a
- Split the numerator and denominator into two equations
Question 10 - Answer is (C)
• Rationale

• Tip
- Follow the rules for exponents
Question 11 - Answer is (C)
 • Rationale
= 2 – 2(3-x) + x
= 2 + 2x – 6 + x
= 3x – 4
Question 12- Answer is (B)
• Rationale
- A hexagon has 6 sides, to solve for the perimeter … add all sides together
- If 1 side = x
- Then … perimeter = 6x
Question 13 - Answer is (C)
• Rationale
- Box 1: 7 by 8 by 17
o 7 x 8 x 15 = 840m3
- Box 2: 8 by 9 by 10
o 8 x 9 x 10 = 720m3
- Difference: Box 1 – Box 2
o 840m3 - 720m3 = 120
Question 14 - Answer is (D)
• Rationale
1 tablet / 3 hours = so … in 24 hours or 1 day, 8 tablets are taken
8 tablets/1 day x 7 days = 56
Question 15 - Answer is (B)
• Rationale
- Step 1: list all the information given
o First 4km = 9.50
o Every 1km after = 0.25
- Step 2: Distance left to travel after the first 4km
o 17km-4km = 13km left
- Step 3: Solve total cost
o First 4km = 9.50 pesos
o Next 12km = (0.25)(12) = 3.00 pesos
o Last 1km = 0.25
o Total cost = 9.50 + 3.00 + 0.25 = 12.75 pesos
Question 16 – Answer is (A)
• Rationale
- Step 1: State the ratio
o Mrs. Santos : Daughter have a ratio of 4:3
- Step 2: Ratio in 1 week
o 4:3 after one week becomes 16: x
o 4 x 4 = 16 and 3 x 4 = 12
Multiply by 4 because Mrs. Santos’ number of place mats quadrupled after one week, so her daughter’s
place mats should have also increased by the same proportion
o So x = 12
o 16:12 in 1 week
- Step 3: Number of placemats in 4 weeks
o Mrs. Santos: 16 placemats/1 week x 4 = 64
o Her Daughter: 12 placemats/1week x 4 = 48
o 64 + 48 = 112
Question 17 – Answer is (C)
• Rationale
- 2 7 9 18 36
o 2+7=9
o 2 + 7 + 9 = 18
o 2 + 7 + 9 + 18 = 36
Question 18 – Answer is (D)
• Rationale
 - Find the Pattern …. After the 9, the succeeding number is twice the previous number
- 2 7 9 18 36 72
o 9x2 = 18
o 18x2 = 36
o 36x2 = 72
- So if .. the pattern is 2x then every succeeding term should also be twice the previous number
o 100 = x
o 101 = 2x
o 102 = 4x
o 103 = 8x
Question 19– Answer is (C)
• Rationale
- Step 1: Assign variables
o x = larger, y = smaller
- Step 2: Set up equations
o Equation 1: x + y = 19
o Equation 2: 2x – 5y = 3
- Step 3: Isolate for a variable
o x + y = 19 multiply by (-2) to isolate for y (the smaller number) in the next step
o 2x – 5y = 3
- Step 4: Solve and add the two equations together
o -2x -2y = 19
o 2x - 5y = 3
= -7y = 35
=y=5
Question 20– Answer is (B)
• Rationale
- Set up timeline and solve for X since X is between 1970 and 1980
o 45% - 25% = x = 20%
- 20% of the top 1000 corporations must have been established in between 1970 and 1980
o (0.2)(1000) = 200 corporations were been established in between 1970 and 1980

1970 1980
x

Question 21– Answer is (B)

• Rationale
- Step 1: Calculate for total area of cardboard
o 6x5 = 30in2
- Step 2: Calculate for area of the other shapes
o Rectangle: 2x4 = 8in2
o Square: 9in2
o Circle = πr2 = π(1)1 = π
o TOTAL = 8in2 + 9in2 + π = 17 + π
- Step 3: Subtract the total area of the other shapes combined from the area of the cardboard
o 30 – (17 + π) = 13-π
Question 22 – Answer is (A)
• Rationale
- 12 numbers in total
- 4 even numbers
- So… 4 even numbers / 12 numbers in total = 1/3
Question 23 – Answer is (B)
• Rationale
- Step 1: Calculate the amount spent and saved
o 2/5 (food) + 1/10 (clothing) + ¼ (housing) + 1/20 (utilities) = 16/20
 16/20 or 4/5 for spending
4/20 or 1/5 for savings
- Step 2: Determine total income
o 1/5 of savings is equal to 4500, which means that 1/5 of the total income is 4500
o 4500 x 5 = total monthly income = 22,500
Question 24– Answer is (B)
• Rationale
- Step 1: Set up equation
o Lea paid 14,250 in tax, meaning she made a net income of at least 200,000
o 8750 + 11% of excess over 200,000 = 14250
o 8750 + 0.11x = 14250
- Step 2: Solve to find X (the excess)
o 0.11x = 14250-8750
o 0.11x = 5500
o x = [5500(11)] / 100
o x = 50 000
- Step 3: Add excess to 200,000
o 200,000 + 50 000 = 250,000
Question 25– Answer is (B)
• Rationale
- Total number of students: 200 + 130 + 560 + 180 + 80 = 1150
- Total number of Chemistry = 180
- 180/1150 move the decimal place 2 to the left
o 1.8/11.5 can approximate to 2/12 or 1/6 = 16%
Question 26– Answer is (B)
• Rationale
- Mathematics = 200 students
o (0.10)(200) = 20
o 200-20 = 180 -- Chemistry
Question 27– Answer is (C)
• Rationale
- Step 1: Find the Ratios
o Biology : Zoology : Botany = 560 4 : 3 : 1 = 8
- Step 2: Find the number of zoology majors

# of Zoology Students x 560 = 56 x 10 x 3 = 7 x 8 x 10 x 3 = 210

3 8 8. 8
Question 28– Answer is (C)
• Rationale
- Math + Geology/Meteorology/Oceanography = 200 + 80 = 280
- Biology/Zoology/Botany = 560
o 280/560 = 1/2
Question 29– Answer is (C)
• Rationale
- Values are large, so you can simplify and round by using the first 3 values
- Step 1: Total number of registered aliens from 1981 to 1984
o 520 + 329 + 324 + 316 = 1489
- Step 2: Total number of registered Chinese aliens from 1981 to 1984
o 392 + 248 + 245 + 238 = 1123
- Step 3: Divide and simplify
o Chinese Registered Aliens / Total Registered Aliens = 1123/1489
can approximate this to 11/15 by moving the decimal place twice to the left
o 10/15 = 1/3 or 67%
o 11/15 = must be in the middle of 67% and 80% (approximately 75%)
o 12/15 = 4/5 or 80%
Question 30– Answer is (C)
• Rationale
- Calculate for percent decrease
a. Belgians: 100-60 = 40 40/100 or 40%
b. German: 260-100 = 160 160/200 or 8/13 or >50%
c. Hindu: 830-650 = 180 180/830 or 18/80 or <1/4 or <25%
d. Chinese: 39-25= 14 14/38 or 15/40 or 3/8 or <50%
Question 31– Answer is (D)
• Rationale
a. From 1981-1982: 140-70 = 70 70/140 or 50%
b. From 1982-1983: 70-50 = 20 20/70 or 28%
o 1/7 = 14%
o 2/7 = 28%
c. From 1983-1984: 50-40 = 10 10/50 or 20%
d. From 1984-1985: 43-38 = 5 5/40 or 1/8 or 12.5%
Question 32– Answer is (B)
• Rationale
- Step 1: Calculate for 50% of Germans in 1983
o 75/2 = 37.5
- Step 2: Calculate for the percentage of 50% of Germans in 1983 with the total number of Germans in 1981
o 37.5 in 1983/264 in 1981 – move decimal 2 places to the left
o 3.75/26.4 is approx. 4/26 or 2/13
o 2/13 is close to 2/12 or 1/6 = 16%
o 16% is the closest to letter (B) – 14.2%
Question 33– Answer is (D)
• Rationale
- In 1982: approx. 33,000 people – move decimal 3 places to the left = 33
- In 1985: approx. 10 000 people – move decimal 3 places to the left = 10
o So 33-10 = 23
- Difference/Total in 1982 23/33 – move decimal 1 place to the left = 2/3 so two thirds
Question 34– Answer is (C)
• Rationale
- Step 1: Look at the choices
o Since Chinese registered aliens, you do not have to assess if Chinese registrants are decreasing
- Step 2: Eliminate choices that do not fit
o Eliminate choice B because Spanish registered aliens increase from 232 to 250 in 1983
o Eliminate choice D because Belgian registered aliens increase from 49 to 52 in 1984
- Step 3: Choose between choices A and C
o Eliminate A because British registered aliens also increase from 1981 to 1984
o Answer is choice C
Question 35– Answer is (B)
• Rationale
- ELIMINATE CHOICES A AND C: because II (Elementary level) has almost all of its students participating so that means the
elementary level should be first on the list.
- ELIMINATE CHOICE D because it has approx. 1 million participating out of the total 8 million students in post-secondary,
when elementary and secondary have a higher participation rate.
- RATE: # OF PARTICIPATING STUDENTS/TOTAL IN EDUCATION LEVEL
- MOST PARTICIPATION LEAST PARTICIPATION
Question 36– Answer is (C)
• Rationale
- Out of School Non Participating = 18.2 million
- Total Number of Students = 31.7 million
- 18.2/31.7 or 18/32 or 9/16
- 9/16 is more than 50%
Question 37– Answer is (A)
• Rationale
 - ELIMINATE CHOICE B because no information given about poverty
- ELIMINATE CHOICE C because Elementary and Secondary levels have a higher participation rate than the rate of
nonparticipation
- ELIMINATE CHOICE D because no information given on how many children in every age within the age group participate in
school
Question 38– Answer is (B)
• Rationale
- 200 employees in a firm
o 50% = 100 people
o 1% = 2 people
- 50% - 2.5% = 47.5%
o 50% = 100 people
o 2.5% = 5 people
o 47.5% = 100 people – 5 people = 95 people
Question 39– Answer is (B)
• Rationale
- Marketing Department (15%) and Management Department (10%) = 25% or ¼
- Total Employees x ¼ = 200
- Total Employees = 200(4) = 800
- 800 employees in a firm
o 1% = 8 people
o 0.5% = 4 people
o 7.5% = (8)(7) + 4 = 60
Question 40– Answer is (A)
• Rationale
- Use information from question 30
- 200 people in a firm becomes 400 people in a firm, so everything should be multiplied by 2
o If there are 95 people in Production where there are 200 people in a firm
o Then there should be 95 x 2 = 190 people in Production where there are 400 people in a firm
- 10% of Production are Female
o 190 people x 0.1 = 19 females in Production

CEM 2019 Practice Test

Question 1– Answer is (A)

• Rationale
- 45 + 68 = 113
- 51 + 25 =76
- 113 – 76 = 37 so answer must be 13,637
• Tip
- Only use the last two digits of the numbers given
- Since the letters A and B only differ in their last two digits
Question 2– Answer is (D)
• Rationale
- Split the numerator and denominator in separate equations
- Solve and simplofy

• Tip
Question 3– Answer is (A)
• Rationale

• Tip
- Assign variables to make the problem easier
o Since the number 25 is common among the terms, assign 25 = a
Question 4– Answer is (C)
• Rationale

Question 5– Answer is (C)

• Rationale

Question 6– Answer is (A)

• Rationale

• Tip
- No need to expand fully
o Remember the sum and difference of cubes
o Look at all the choices, all are different but begin with 2 and a variable o This means you only need to solve for
(a+b)
Question 7– Answer is (D)
• Rationale
- Find common denominator between 1, x and x2 common denominator is x2
Question 8– Answer is (B)
• Rationale
2(x-y) + 3 + (x+3y) – 2(x-1)
= 2x – 2y + 3 + x + 3y -2x – 2 = x+ y+ 1
Question 9– Answer is (B)
• Rationale

• Tip
- Change the sixth root into roots that are easier to work with
o Sixth root = Cube root of square root
Question 10– Answer is (A)
• Rationale

Question 11– Answer is (D)

• Rationale

Question 12– Answer is (C)

• Rationale
- Step 1: Assign variables
o x = larger, y = smaller
- Step 2: Set up equations
Equation 1: x + y = 19
Equation 2: 2x – 5y = 3
- Step 3: Isolate for a variable
x + y = 19 multiply by (-2) to isolate for y (the smaller number) in the next step
2x – 5y = 3
 - Step 4: Solve and add the two equations together

2x -2y = 19 o 2x-5y=3 = -7y = 35

= y= 5

Question 13– Answer is (C)

• Rationale
- 2 7 9 18 36
o 2+7=9
o 2 + 7 + 9 = 18
o 2 + 7 + 9 + 18 = 36
Question 14– Answer is (D)
• Rationale
- Find the Pattern …. After the 9, the succeeding number is twice the previous number
- 2 7 9 18 36 72
o 9x2 = 18
o 18x2 = 36
o 36x2 = 72
- So if .. the pattern is 2x then every succeeding term should also be twice the previous number
o 100 = x
o 101 = 2x
o 102 = 4x
o 103 = 8x
Question 15– Answer is (B)
• Rationale
- Step 1: list all the information given
o First 4km = 9.50
o Every 1km after = 0.25
- Step 2: Distance left to travel after the first 4km
o 17km-4km = 13km left
- Step 3: Solve total cost
o First 4km = 9.50 pesos
o Next 12km = (0.25)(12) = 3.00 pesos
o Last 1km = 0.25
o Total cost = 9.50 + 3.00 + 0.25 = 12.75 pesos
Question 16– Answer is (C)
• Rationale
- Box 1: 7 by 8 by 17
o 7 x 8 x 15 = 840m3
- Box 2: 8 by 9 by 10
o 8 x 9 x 10 = 720m3
- Difference: Box 1 – Box 2
o 840m3 - 720m3 = 120
Question 17– Answer is (C)
• Rationale
• Set up timeline and solve for X since X is between 1970 and 1980
o 45% - 25% = x = 20%
• 20% of the top 1000 corporations must have been established in between 1970 and 1980
o (0.2)(1000) = 200 corporations were been established in between 1970 and 1980

1970 1980
x

Question 18– Answer is (A)

 • Rationale
- 12 numbers in total
- 4 even numbers
o 4/12 = 1/3
Question 19– Answer is (C)
• Rationale
- Step 1: Develop equations
o Equation 1 (total investment is 6000) x + y = 6000
o Equation 2 (total interest on two investments is 464) 0.08x + 0.075y = 464
- Step 2: Isolate for a variable – isolate for X by cancelling out variable Y
o Multiply equation 1 by (-0.0757) -0.075x – 0.075y = -450 (equation 3)
- Step 3: Add equation 2 and 3

- Step 4: Isolate for X

o x = 14/0.005 = 2800
Question 20– Answer is (D)
• Rationale

Question 21– Answer is (B)

• Rationale
- Step 1: calculate total scores
o Class A (30 students)
30 students x 45 mean score = 1350
o Class B (20 students)
20 students x 48 mean score = 960
o Total Score = 1350 + 960 = 2310
- Step 2: Calculate mean score of both classes
o Total Students = 20 + 30 = 50 Students
o Mean score of both classes = Total Score / Total Number of Students
o 2310/50 = 46.2
Question 22– Answer is (C)
• Rationale
Question 23– Answer is (A)
• Rationale
- Step 1: Calculate the Distance between 2 Points

- Step 2: Get Distance from point A to point B = Length of A

o √(3 − 9)2 + (−9 + 3)2 = 6√5
- Step 3: Get Distance from point B to point C = Length of B
o √(13 − (−3))2 + ((−1) − (−9))2 = 8√5
- Step 4: Get Length of C

o √(6√5)2 + (8√5)2 = 10√5

- Step 5: Calculate for Total Perimeter – Add A, B and C
o 6√5 + 8√5 + 10√5 = 24√5
Question 24– Answer is (A)
• Rationale
- Step 1: Develop equations
o Equation 1 (Billy and Zander have a sum of money) B + Z = 4230
o Equation 2 (two thirds of Billy’s money is equal to five-sixth of Zander’s money) 2/3B = 5/6Z
o Equation 3 (isolate for Zander’s money in terms of Billy) 2/3B x 6/5 = 12/15 or 4/5B
- Step 2: Substitute Equation 3 in Equation 1 and calculate
o B + 4/5B = 4230
o 9B/5 = 42350
o B = (5)(4230)/9 21150/9
o Billy’s money = 2350
Question 25– Answer is (D)
• Rationale
- Lowest common multiple = 36
o x/9 = Pipe A
o x/6 = Pipe B
o x/4 = Pipe C
- x/9 + x/6 – x/4 = 1
o multiply everything by 36
- 4x + 6x – 9x = 36
o X = 36
Question 26– Answer is (C)
• Rationale
a. Bar Graph - Bar graphs are used to compare things between different groups or to track changes over time. However,
when trying to measure change over time, bar graphs are best when the changes are larger.
o Eliminate because you are not trying to track changes over time
 b. Pie Chart - Pie charts are best to use when you are trying to compare parts of a whole. They do not show changes over time
categories or fewer.
o Eliminate, because you are not comparing parts of a whole
c. Flowchart - picture of the separate steps of a process in sequential order
d. Line Graph - Line graphs are used to track changes over short and long periods of time. When smaller changes exist, line
graphs are better to use than bar graphs. Line graphs can also be used to compare changes over the same period of time for
more than one group.
o Eliminate because you are not trying to track changes over time
Question 27– Answer is (B)
• Rationale
- Even if portion increased from 5-7 to 7+ portions, risk of death remained at 25%
Question 28– Answer is (A)
• Rationale
- In the year 1998: approx. 22%
- In the year 2010: approx. 19%
- 22%-19% = 3%/22% -
o 3/22 is close to 3/21 or 1/7 which is equal to 14%
o 14% is the closest to choice A (17%)
• Tip
Question 29– Answer is (D)
• Rationale
- Not true, 2009 3-2004 had the same percentage in abdominal surgery
- Not true, laparoscopic surgery had a slightly less percentage
Question 30– Answer is (A)
• Rationale
- 382 + 388 + 362 = 1132
Question 31– Answer is (B)
• Rationale
I. ATENEO: 41/51 or approx. 80%
II. DLSU: 101/109 = has a difference of 0.8, passing percentage is higher than UST
III. UP: 69/69 = 100%
IV. UST: 333/362 = has a difference of 2.9, passing percentage is lower than DLSU
- Ranking: III – II – IV – I
Question 32– Answer is (A)
• Rationale
A. A. Ford (33,688) Hyundai (33, 695) Isuzu (27, 361) Honda (23,199) Nissan (16, 897)
Question 33– Answer is (C)
• Rationale
A. False
B. False
C.
- Hyundai in 2011: 23019 – approx. to 23,000
o Move decimal 3 places to the left = 23
- Hyundai in 2016: 33695 – approx. to 34,000
o Move decimal 3 places to the left = 34
- 11/23 is approximately half answer is (C)
D. False
Question 34– Answer is (C)
• Rationale
- Fruit drinks from 1994-1998 is approx. 2.5 ounces
o Half of 2.5 is 1.25 or 5/4
- Half of the amount of fruit drinks consumed in a year
o 5/4 x (365 days) = 456
Question 35– Answer is (D)
• Rationale
- 10 ounces non diet soda x 365 days x 4 years = 14,600
Question 36– Answer is (B)
• Rationale
A. True
B. False, you can see it change throughout the graph
C. True
D. True, from 1994-2006, more non-diet soda is consumed compared to milk
Question 37– Answer is (D)
• Rationale
A. Thailand – increases during the third quarter
B. Vietnam – continuously increases
C. Indonesia – increases during the third quarter
D. Malaysia – consistently decreases
Question 38– Answer is (D)
• Rationale
- Time series graph - show data over time, with time on the horizontal axis and the data of interest on the vertical axis.
o Would be a more appropriate graph as you’re observing the chance in PC shipments over three quarters
Question 39– Answer is (B)
• Rationale
A. Philippines increased by approx. 60K
B. Singapore increased by approx. 17K
C. Thailand increased by approx. 75K
D. Vietnam increased by approx. 139K
Question 40– Answer is (B)
• Rationale
- Check if statements I and III are true to eliminate choices
- Statement I
o Indonesia:
2nd Quarter: 739,533 is approx. 740,000 – move decimal 4 places to the left = 74
3rd Quarter: 590,576 is approx. 590,000 – move decimal 4 places to the left = 59
74-59 = 15/74 – can be approximated to 15/75 or 1/5 or 20%
o Malaysia
2nd Quarter: 315,036 is approx. 315,000 – move decimal 3 places to the left = 315
3rd Quarter: 293,772 is approx. 240,000 – move decimal 3 places to the left = 244
315-294 = 21
21/315 – move decimal 1 place to the left so it’s approx. 2/30 or 1/15 or 6%
o TRUE
o This means eliminate choice A
- Statement III
o Philippines
1st quarter: 196,957 is approx. 197,000 – move decimal 3 places to the left = 197
2nd quarter: 212,773 is approx. 213,000 – move decimal 3 places to the left = 213
213-197 = 16
16/213 is not equal to 25%
o FALSE
o This means … eliminate choices C and D
- B is the best answer as choices A, C and D have been eliminated
 QUANTITATIVE QUICKSHEETS: ARITHMETIC

FRACTIONS & THEIR DECIMALS PERFECT SQUARES ORDER OF OPERATIONS QUADRATIC EQUATION
Fraction Decimal 12 = 1 22 = 4 32 = 9 42 = 16 52 = 25
½ 0.5
1/3 0.3
¼ 0.25
1/5 0.2 62 = 7 72 = 49 82 = 64 92 = 81 102 =
1/6 0.16 100
1/7 0.14
1/8 0.125 112 = 122 = 132 = 142 = 152 =
1/9 0.11 121 144 169 196 225
1/10 0.1
1/11 0.09
1/12 0.08

SUM & DIFFERENCES OF SQUARES

AND CUBES LAWS OF EXPONENTS
Multiplication Rule 𝑎 𝑥 𝑥𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥+𝑦

Division Rule 𝑎 𝑥 ÷ 𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥−𝑦

Power of a Power Rule (𝑎 𝑥 )𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥𝑦

PASCAL’S TRIANGLE & RATIONALIZATION OF Power of a Product Rule (𝑎𝑏)𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥

BINOMIAL EXPANSION RADICALS
Power of a Fraction Rule 𝑎 𝑎𝑥
(a+b)0 1 ( )𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑏 𝑏
(a+b)1 𝑎+𝑏
(a+b)2 𝑎 2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
(a+b)3 𝑎 + 3𝑎 2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑏 3
3
Zero Exponent 𝑎0 = 1
(a+b)4 𝑎 + 4𝑎 3 𝑏 + 6𝑎 2 𝑏 2 + 4𝑎𝑏 3 + 𝑏 4
4

(a+b)5 𝑎 + 5𝑎 4 𝑏 + 10𝑎 3 𝑏 2 + 10𝑎 2 𝑏 3 + 5𝑎𝑏 4 + 𝑏 5

5
Negative Exponent 1
𝑎 −𝑥 =
𝑎𝑥

𝑥
Fractional Exponent 𝑦
𝑎𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥
 QUANTITATIVE QUICKSHEETS: PROBLEM SOLVING

VERBAL EXPRESSIONS TO PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM & GEOMETRY: AREA, PERIMETER,

MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS SPECIAL TRIANGLES CIRCUMFERENCE & VOLUME
Verbal Expression Mathematical Example Shape Formula
Rectangle Area = Length X Width
Operation A = lw
Perimeter = 2 X Lengths + 2 X
Sum, sum of, added to, + Three more than a Widths P = 2l + 2w
increased by, more than, number: 3 + x
Parallelogram Area = Base X Height
plus, and A = bh
Perimeter = add the length of all sides
Difference, minus, - Fifteen minus a P = 2a + 2b
subtracted from, decreased number: 15 - x Triangle Area = 1/2 of the base X the height
A = ½ bh
by, less, less than Perimeter = a + b + c (add the length of the three
sides)
Product, the product of, of, ⋅ Two times a Trapezoid Area = 1/2 of the base
X the height A = [(b1 + b2)/2]h
multiplied by, times number: 2x Perimeter = add lengths of all sides
P = a + b1 + b2 + c
Quotient, divided by, ratio ÷ Twenty divided by Circle Radius = the distance from the center to a point on
the circle (r).
a number: 20/x Diameter = the distance between two points on the
circle through the center (d = 2r).
Equals, is equal to, is, the = Four times a Circumference = the distance around the circle (C = π
result is, becomes number equals d = 2 π r). (Assume π ≈ 3) Area = πr2

eighty CONTINUOUSLY COMPOUND INTEREST Rectangular Solid Volume = Length X Width X Height
V = lwh
A number, an unknown x (or any A hundred divided COMPOUNDED INTEREST Surface area = 2lw + 2lh + 2wh
Prism Volume = Base X Height
quantity, an unknown, a symbol) by a number equals V = bh
Surface area = 2b + Ph (b is the area of the base P is
quantity twenty the perimeter of the base)
Cylinder Cylinder
Volume = πr 2 X height
V = πr 2 h
Surface Area= 2π radius X height S = 2πrh + 2πr2
Pyramid Volume = 1/3 area of the base X height
PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLES SIMPLE INTEREST VENN DIAGRAM FORMULAS V = 1/3bh
b is the area of the base
Surface Area: Add the area of the base to the sum of
a, b, c
3, 4, 5
Total = A + B + neither – both the areas of all of the triangular faces. The areas of
the triangular faces will have different formulas for
different shaped bases.
7, 24, 25 Just 1 or Either = Total – (neither + both) Cone Volume = 1/3 area of the base x height
V= 1/3πr2h
9, 40, 41 Surface Area =

12, 35, 37 Sphere Volume

5, 12, 13 DISTANCE BETWEEN 2 POINTS V = πr 3
Surface Area = 4πr2
8, 15, 17
11, 60, 61