Comprehensive Reviewer: Body, Space, Effort, and Educational Activities
Body Activities
Key topics for understanding how the human body moves and interacts with the
environment.
Building a Word Bank
1. Body Parts
Key body parts include:
- **Head and Face:** Eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, forehead, chin, ears, teeth.
- **Torso:** Shoulders, chest, ribs, abdomen, waist, spine, back, hips.
- **Arms and Hands:** Upper arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, hand, fingers (thumb, index,
middle, ring, little).
- **Legs and Feet:** Thigh, knee, calf, ankle, foot, toes (big toe, little toe).
- **Internal Organs:** Heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, stomach, brain, intestines.
2. Body Shapes
Types of body shapes:
- **Symmetrical:** Balanced shapes (e.g., star pose, T-pose).
- **Asymmetrical:** Uneven shapes (e.g., leaning, twisted postures).
- **Curved:** Circular or arch-like forms.
- **Angular:** Sharp corners, zigzag or V-shaped postures.
3. Actions of Body Parts
Common actions include:
- **Head and Neck:** Nodding, tilting, turning, shaking.
- **Arms and Hands:** Reaching, pushing, pulling, clapping, pointing, swinging.
- **Torso:** Twisting, bending, stretching, curling.
- **Legs and Feet:** Walking, running, jumping, balancing, tapping.
4. Nonlocomotor Actions (Stationary)
Examples: Stretching, bending, twisting, swaying, balancing, rocking.
5. Locomotor Actions (Moving)
Examples: Walking, running, skipping, hopping, leaping, sliding.
6. Manipulative Actions (Using Objects)
Examples: Throwing, catching, kicking, dribbling, bouncing, lifting, rolling.
Space Activities
Understanding how movement interacts with the environment.
Building a Word Bank
1. Location
- **Personal Space:** Space immediately around an individual.
- **General Space:** Shared space in a room or field.
2. Direction
- Forward, backward, sideways, up, down, diagonal, clockwise, counterclockwise.
3. Level
- **High:** Movements above the head.
- **Medium:** Shoulder or waist height.
- **Low:** Near or on the ground.
4. Pathway
- Straight, curved, zigzag, circular, spiral.
5. Plane
- **Sagittal Plane:** Forward/backward movements.
- **Frontal Plane:** Side-to-side movements.
- **Transverse Plane:** Rotational movements.
6. Extension (Range or Size)
- Small, large, near, far, wide, narrow.
Effort Activities
Focus on how movement is executed (time, force, flow, and focus).
1. Time (Speed of Movement)
- Fast, slow, steady, gradual, instantaneous.
2. Force (Energy Applied)
- Light, strong, heavy, gentle, firm.
3. Flow (Movement Continuity)
- **Free Flow:** Smooth, unrestricted.
- **Bound:** Tight, controlled.
4. Focus (Concentration)
- **Direct:** Targeted and precise.
- **Indirect:** Broad and generalized.
Relationship Activities
Understanding how people and objects interact in movement.
1. People
- Partner work, group dynamics, teamwork, solo.
2. Position
- Close, far, in front, behind, side by side, opposite.
3. Timing
- Synchronized, opposite, alternate, simultaneous.
4. Environment
- Indoor, outdoor, confined, open space.
Teaching Educational Activities
Educational Games
- **Motor Learning Applications:** Repetition, progressive complexity, feedback, and
adapting games.
- **Examples:** Catch the Ball, relay races, memory games.
Educational Gymnastics
- **Applications:** Build foundational skills (rolling, jumping), ensure safety, and provide
feedback.
- **Lesson Outline:** Warm-up (stretching), skill development (balance work), cool down.
Educational Dance
- **Lesson Focus:** Teach rhythm, coordination, expression through dance.
- **Outline:** Warm-up, skill development (steps, sequences), creative exploration, cool
down.
