CHAPTER 3: PLUMBING FIXTURES

FIXTURES- receptacles attached to a plumbing system other than a trap in which water
or waste may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.

COMMON TYPES OF PLUMBING FIXTURES USED IN RESIDENCES

1. Water closet 4. Urinal

2. Lavatory 5. Bidet
3. Kitchen sink 6. Bath tub

WATER CLOSET- A plumbing fixture used to receive human excremental and to

discharge it through a waste pipe, using water as a conveying medium. Water closets
are classified according to design, make, flushing mechanism, shape and installation.

A. TYPES OF WATER CLOSET AS TO DESIGN

1. Siphon washdown 3. Siphon Vortex

2. Siphon jet 4. Reverse trap

1. SIPHON WASHDOWN- The least expensive but the

noisiest; only small amount of standing water-
susceptible to fouling, staining and contamination. It is
mechanically satisfactory and is lower in price. Hence,
it is widely used and entirely acceptable where price is
the main consideration.

2. SIPHON JET- The jet being submerged introduces its

water underwater so that its operation is entirely muffled.
It has a large amount of standing water to prevent fouling.
It is mechanically efficient but expensive.

3. SIPHON VORTEX- this type of bowl develops its flushing

action through the water entering through diagonal holes
around the rim which creates a swirling action which forms
a vortex in the center. It is considered to be the most
quiet, most efficient and most sanitary water closet.
4. REVERSE TRAP – the trap way located at the rear of
the water closet eliminated the buldge at the front. The
design and appearance of the bowl plus its large water
area and quietness in operation, make it desirable than
siphon wash down.

B. TYPES OF WATER CLOSET AS TO MAKE

1. One-piece 3. Pail Flush

2. Close Coupled 4. Squat bowl

1. ONE-PIECE WATER CLOSET- The water closet fixture is manufactured with the
bowl and the flush tank molded into a single unit. Usually used in tandem with the
bidet.

2. CLOSED COUPLED WATER CLOSET- a water closet where in the flush tank is
separate but is attached to the toilet bowl. It is a two-piece model.

3. PAIL FLUSH WATER CLOSET- a water closet comprising only of a bowl without
a flush tank. Flushing action is obtained only through water poured from a pail or
bucket. This is used in areas where running water systems are not available.
4. SQUAT BOWL WATER- A water closet that is otherwise known as “Eastern
type” since the user assumes a squatting position rather than a sitting position.

C. TYPES OF WATER CLOSET AS TO FLUSING MECHANISM

1. Flush tank
2. Flush Valve (flushometer)

1. FLUSH TANK- holds a supply of water for flushing a fixture such as the water
closet. It has a capacity of 5 to 6 gallons.

2. FLUSH VALVE- valve designed to supply a fixed quantity of water for flushing
purposes. It is activated by direct water pressure without the use of a flush tank.
It is also known as Flushometer or Flushometer valve. The flush valve requires
10 to 20 psi flow pressure.

D. TYPES OF WATER CLOSET AS TO SHAPE

1. Round Front
 2. Elongated Front

1. ROUND FRONT- intended for installation on a limited space.

2. ELONGETED FRONT- is more comfortable but occupies a larger space.

E. TYPES OF WATER CLOSET AS TO INSTALLATION

1. Free Standing (Flour mounted)

2. Wall Hung (Wall Mounted)

• MINIMUM WATER CLOSET CLEARANCES

• ROUGHING-IN DIMENSIONS OF WATER CLOSET

PLUMBING FIXTURE MATERIALS (GENERAL REQUIREMENTS)

 QUALITY OF FIXTURES

i. Dense
ii. Durable
iii. Non-absorbent
iv. Smooth, Impervious Surface
v. Free form unnecessary concealed fouling surfaces

 MINIMUM TRAP DIAMETER AND DFU VALUE

i. Water closet private installation 76mm Φ (3 “) 4 DFU, 4” Φ

ii. Water closet public installation 76mmv Φ (3”) 6 DFU, 4” Φ

*use 6 DFU when computing for septic tank size

 SIZE OF WATER SUPPLY AND WSFU VALUE

 i. Water closet, Flush tank 12 mm Φ (1/2 “)  3 (Private)
 5 (Public)
ii. Water closet, Flush Valve  25mm Φ (1”)  6 (Private)
10 (Public)

 MINIMUM SIZE OF VENT

i. The minimum size of vent for water closet is 51mm Φ.

 VENTILATION OF T &B

i. Ceiling mount exhaust fan duct type.

ii. Thermal exhaust fan

 TILES IN TERMS OF DESIGN FOR T&B

i. 200mm x 200mm for ceramic

LAVATORY- a fixture designed for the washing of the hands or face. It is also known as
wash basin.

• TYPES OF LAVATORY

1. Wall Hung lavatory

2. Pedestal Lavatory

3. Counter Type Lavatory

 a. Over Counter

b. Under counter

4. One- Piece Lavatory

• TYPES OF LAVATORY FAUCET

a. Center Set
b. Wide Spread

• ROUGHING-IN OF LAVATORY
 • MINIMUM LAVATORY CLEARANCE

• MATERIALS FOR LAVATORIES

a. Vitreous China
b. Enameled Cast Iron
c. Stainless Steel
d. Plastic

• MINIMUM TRAP DIAMETER & DFU VALUE

o Wash basin, in sets  38mmΦ 2 DFU

o Wash basin, single  38mm Φ 1 DFU

• SIZE OF WATER SUPPLY PIPE & WSFU VALUE

o Lavatory 12mmΦ (1/2”)  1 (Private use)

 2(Public use)

• MINIMUM SIZE OF VENT FOR LAVATORY

o The minimum size of vent for a lavatory is 32mmΦ.

BIDET- a plumbing fixture used for washing the middle part of the body, especially the
genitals. It is also known as the Sitz Bath.
 - Setting and clearance for bidet shall be the same as in the water closet.
- Bidet minimum trap diameter is 38mm and its DFU value is 2.
- Size of water supply is 12mm and WSFU is 2 (private) or 4 (public)

BATH TUB- a tube for bathing, usually a fixed plumbing installation designed for one
person. It is available in left outlet and right outlet.

*minimum size of vent is 38mmΦ (1 ½”)

*bathtub minimum trap diameter is 38mm and the DFU value is 2.
*size of supply pipe is 12mm and WSFU value is 2 (private) and 4 (public).

*REQUIREMENTS FOR WHIRLPOOL BATHTUBS (SEC. 411 NPC 1999)

a. Provide removable access panel to the pump.

b. Locate the circulation pump above the crown weir of the trap.
c. The pump and the circulation piping shall be self-draining to minimize water
retention.
d. Suction fittings on whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with the listed standards.

URINAL- A sanitary fixture equipped with a water supply and drain for flushing away
urine.

TYPES OF URINAL
1. Wall hung Urinal

2. Pedestal Urinal

3. Stall Urinal
 4. Trough Urinal

MINIMUM CLEARANCES FOR URINALS

  MINIMUM TRAP DIAMETER AND DFU VALUE
a. Urinal, Wall-mounted  51mm (2”)  6 DFU
b. Urinal, Stall  51mm (2”)  6 DFU
c. Urinal, Trap arm  51mm (2”)  3 DFU

 SIZE OF SUPPLY PIPE AND WSFU VALUE

a. Urinal, Wall-mounted 19mm (3/4”) 5 WSFU
b. Urinal, Stall 19mm (3/4”) 5 WSFU

 MINIMUM SIZE OF VENT

a. The minimum size of vent is 38mmΦ

SINKS

MINIMUM TRAP DIAMETER AND DFU VALUE

• Kitchen Sink (Residential); 1 ½ “Φ 38 mm Φ  2 DFU

51mm minimum waste pipe
• Bar Sink (Commercial) 1 ½ “Φ 38 mm Φ  2 DFU
51mm minimum waste pipe
• Bar Sink (Private) 1 ½ “Φ  38 mm Φ  1 DFU
38mm minimum waste pipe
• Sink (Commercial, Industrial, Institutional) 1 ½ “Φ  38 mm Φ  3 DFU
58mm minimum waste pipe
• Sink (Clinic); Flushing Rim 3 “Φ 76mm Φ  6 DFU
• Service sink (Slop) 2 “Φ  51 mm Φ  3DFU
• Laundry Tub 1 ½ “Φ 38 mm Φ  2 DFU
SIZE OF SUPPLY PIPE AND WSFU VALUE

• Kitchen sink ½ “Φ 38 mm Φ  2 (Private); 4 (Public)

• Scullery sink 3/4 “Φ 38 mm Φ 2 (Private); 4 (Public)
• Slop Sink ½ “Φ 38 mm Φ  2 (Private); 10 (Public)
• Laundry Tub ½ “Φ 38 mm Φ  2 (Private); 4 (Public)
• Bar sink ½ “Φ 38 mm Φ  1 (Private); 2 (Public)

DRINKING FOUNTAIN

• Minimum trap diameter is 31mm and DFU value is 1.

• Size of waste supply is 12mm Φ and the WSFU value (each faucet) is 1 (private
use) or 2 (public use).
• Minimum size of vent is 32mm Φ (1 ¼”)

SHOWER BATH

• Minimum trap diameter is 51mm and the DFU value is 2.

 • Size of water supply is 12mm Φ and the WSFU value (each head) is 2 (private
use) or 4 (public use).
• Minimum size of vent is 38mm Φ.

FLOOR DRAINS

• Minimum trap diameter is 51mm and the DFU value is 2.

HOSE BIBB

• Size of water supply is 12mm Φ and the WSFU value is 3 (private use) or 5
(public use)

KITCHEN SINK- a plumbing fixtures usually consisting of a basin with a water supply,
connected with a drain.

TYPES OF KITCHEN SINK

a. Single Bowl- Single Drain

b. Double Bowl- Single Drain

c. Double Bowl- Double Drain

 d. Triple Bowl

e. Corner Sink

OTHER PLUMBING FIXTURES

• SLOP SINK- A deep sink, usually set low and used by janitors for emptying pails
of dirty water and mop cleaning.
• DRINKING FOUNTAIN- A fixture consisting of a shallow basin, together with a
water jet designed to provide potable water for human consumption.
• LAUNDRY TUB- A deep wide sink or but used for washing clothes. It is also
known as Laundry Tray or Set Tub.
• SHOWER BATH- An apparatus for spraying water on the body, usually from
above. Drain is through the shower bath floor drain.
• SCRUB SINK- a plumbing fixture usually located in the operating room in a
hospital to enable personnel to scrub their hands prior to a surgical procedure;
the hot and cold water supply is activated by a knee-action mixing valve or by
wrist or pedal control.
PLUMBING UNIT (Sec. 217.13 NPC 1999)
The minimum standard quantities of plumbing fixtures that discharge waste into a
plumbing installation include;
1 water meter
1 water closet
1 lavatory
1 shower head and drain for a bathtub or shower stall
1 kitchen sink
1 laundry tray
3 floor drains
4 faucets/ hose Bibb
13 Total numbers of fixtures and fittings that comprise a plumbing
unit

NOTES ON SHOWER RECEPTOR (NPC 1999)

1. Each shower receptor shall be constructed to have a finished dam, curb or

threshold of at least 25.4 mm lower that the outside floor.

2. The dam or threshold shall not be less than 51mm nor more than 228mm in
depth, when measured from the top of the dam or threshold to the top of the
drain.

PLUMBING ACCESSORIES
 1. Soap holder

2. Paper holder
3. Toothbrush and tumbler holder

4. Towel holder/ tower bar

5. Seat Cover

TYPICAL FIXTURE LAYOUT FOR TOILET AND BATH (minimum dimensions)

TOILET FIXTURE CLEARANCES FOR DISABLED PERSONS (per BP 344 The
Accessibility Law)
GRABRAIL HEIGHTS AT URINALS

MOUNTING DIMENSIONS FOR TOILET & BATHROOM ACCESSORIES

MOUNTING DIMENSIONS OF ACCESSORIES AND FITTINGS AT SHOWER
AREA
MOUNTING DIMENSIONS OF ACCESSORIES AND FITTINGS
AT BATH TUB/ SHOWER
 CHAPTER 4: DRAINAGE SYSTEM

The drainage system is composed of the piping network within a structure which
conveys sewage, rainwater, or other wastes from their point of origin to a point of
disposal, such as a public sewer or a private treatment facility (septic tank). This system
is often known as the DWV System (Drainage, Waste and Vent). The complete
drainage system is subdivided into four (4) sub-systems, as follows.

1. SOIL DRAINAGE SYSTEM- The piping that conveys the discharge of water
closets or fixtures having similar functions (containing fecal matter), with or
without the discharges from other fixtures.

2. WASTE DRAINAGE SYTEM or SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM- The piping

that receives the liquid discharge, from plumbing fixtures other than those fixtures
(water closets) receiving fecal matter. This piping is free of fecal flow.

3. STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM- The piping system that receives clear water
drainage from leaders, downspouts, surface run-off, ground water, subsurface
water, condensate water, cooling water or other similar discharges and conveys
them to the point of disposal. All sanitary wastes must be excluded.

4. VENT SYSTEM- the piping system that receives a flow or air to or from a
drainage system or to provide a circulation of air within such system to protect
trap seals from siphonage or back pressure.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR A PROPERLY DESIGNED DRAINAGE SYSTEM

a. The piping must be air tight, gas tight and water tight.

b. Each plumbing fixture, except those with integral traps, shall be separately
trapped by an approved type water seal trap. This is to prevent odor-laden and
germ-laden to rise out of the drainage system and contaminate the surrounding
air in the room.

c. Each plumbing fixture trap shall be provided with vent pipes. This is to protect the
drainage system against siphonage and back pressure and to assure air
circulation throughout the drainage system.

d. A cleanout, easily accessible, shall be provided for inspection or cleaning of the

pipe run. The location of the cleanout shall be:
- At the upper end of every horizontal waste or soil pipe.
- At every change of horizontal direction of not more than 22.5
degrees
 - Within 1.5 m (5’) inside the property line before the house sewer
connection
- At every 15m (50’) to a horizontal run of a soil or waste pipe

e. All horizontal piping shall be run in practical alignment and at a uniform grade of
not less than 2% or 2 cm per meter toward the point of disposal.

f. All horizontal piping shall be supported and anchored at intervals not to exceed 3
meters.

g. Vertical piping shall be secured at sufficiently close intervals to keep the pipe in
alignment. Stacks shall be properly supported at their bases.
DEFINITION FROM NPC 1999 EDITION

HOUSE / BUILDING DRAIN- part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system,
which receives the discharges from the soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside of a
building and conveys it to the house sewer outside of the building.
HOUSE / BUILDING SEWER - extends from the house drain at a point 0.60 meters
from the outside face of the foundation wall of a building to the junction with the street
sewer or to any point of discharge, and conveying the drainage of one building site. No
house/building sewer shall be smaller than 150mm in diameter, nor less in size than the
house/building drain

WASTE PIPE - conveys only wastewater or liquid waste free of fecal matter.

SOIL PIPE- any pipe which conveys the discharge of water closet, urinal or fixtures
having similar functions, with or without the discharges from other fixtures to the building
drain or building sewer.

SOIL STACK PIPE- a vertical soil pipe conveying fecal matter and waste water.

VENT PIPE - used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and for
relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals.

VENT STACK- the vertical vent pipe installed primarily for providing circulation of air to
and from any part of the soil, waste of the drainage system.

SEPTIC TANK- A watertight covered receptacle designed and constructed to receive

the discharge of sewage from a building sewer, separate solids from the liquid, digest
organic matter and store digested solids the clarified liquids to discharge for final
disposal.

PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM- a septic tank with the effluent discharging
into a subsurface disposal field, seepage pits or of such other facilities or may be
permitted by the plumbing code.

ROOF GUTTER- the water collector at the eaves of the building.

DOWN SPOUT- A vertical pipe which conveys rain water, also known as conductor or
rain water.

STORM DRAIN- Receives storm water , clear, rain or surface-water waste (SD)

CATCH BASIN- A receptacle in which liquids are retained for a sufficient period of time
to allow materials to settle to deposit.

TRAP- A fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when properly vented, a
liquid seal which prevents the backflow of foul air or methane gas without materially
affecting the flow of sewage or waste water through it.
MATERIALS USED FOR THE PLUMBING DRAINAGE SYSTEM APPROVED BY
THE 1999 NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE.

EXCRETA DRAINAGE PIPING

1. Cast iron
2. Ductile iron
3. Galvanized steel (shall not be used underground. Kept at least 152mm above
ground)
4. Galvanized wrought iron (shall not be used underground. Kept at least 152mm
above ground)
5. Lead
6. Copper
7. Brass
8. Series 1000, pvc, dmv
9. Extra strength vitrified clay pipe (shall not be used above ground. At least
300mm below finish ground level.)
10. Approved material having smooth and uniform bore

NOTE: ABS and PVC DWV can be used in high rise buildings at the discretion of the
RMP and with the full consent of the owner.

DRAINAGE FITTING

1. Cast Iron
2. Malleable
3. Lead
4. Brass
5. Copper
6. ABS
7. PVC
8. Vitrified clay

VENT PIPES

1. Cast iron
2. Ductile cast iron
3. Galvanized steel
4. Galvanized wrought iron
5. Lead
6. Copper
7. Brass
8. Schedule 40, ABS, DWV
9. Series 1000, PVC, DWV

VENT STACKS
 1. Copper
2. Cast iron
3. Galvanized wrought iron
4. PVC

VENT FITTINGS

1. Cast Iron
2. Galvanized malleable iron
3. Galvanized steel
4. Lead
5. Copper
6. Brass
7. ABS
8. PVC

DOWN SPOUT (INTERIOR)

1. Cast iron
2. Galvanized steel
3. Iron
4. Brass
5. Copper
6. Lead
7. Sched 40, ABS, DMV
8. Series 1000, PVC, DWV

DOWNSPOUT (MEDIUM HEIGHT BUILDING)

1. G.I. pipe, sch. 30

2. CISP, S.W.
3. Copper tube, type DWV
4. Sch. 40, ABS, DWV
5. Series 1000, PVC, DWV

DOWN SPOUT (EXTERIOR/ LOW HT. BLDG)

1. 26 GA, Galvanized sheet metal with steel pipe or cast iron at its lowest section
draining to the catch basin.

DOWN SPOUT (HIGH RISE)

1. Shall be of stronger pipe materials to resist the high hydrostatic pressure.

ROOF DRAIN
 1. Cast iron
2. Copper
3. Other corrosion resistant materials
TRAPS (SEC. 1003 NPC 1999)
1. ABS
2. Cast brass
3. Cast iron
4. Lead
5. PVC

Figure 2- The function of the trap and one of the several functions of a vent preventing
siphonage.
LOSS OF TRAP SEAL- This failure can be attributed directly to inadequate ventilation
of the trap and the subsequent minus and plus pressures which occur in the piping
system. See figure 3.

Five (5) Cause of Trap Seal Loss

1. Siphonage- The withdrawal of a liquid from a trap due to a suction caused by liquid flow
in a pipe.
a. Direct Self- siphonage

b. Indirect or Momentum Siphonage

 2. Back Pressure- pressure developed in opposition to the flow of liquid in a pipe due to
friction, gravity or some other restriction to flow of the conveyed fluid. Excessive pressure
at the lowest branch causing trap seal to look for opening.

3. Evaporation- Occurs when a fixture is not used for a long time. A Deep seal is the best
solution but clogs the pipe due to accumulated solid wastes.
4. Capillary Attraction- foreign objects in the traps absorbing trap seal

5. Wind Effects- strong winds through the vent system forcing water out of the trap

SUPPORTS- are devices for holding and securing pipes and fixtures to walls, ceiling,
floors or structural members. Supports include hangers, anchors, brackets, and cradles.

INDIRECT WASTE PIPING (Section 810 NPC 1999)

  The drains of the following equipments shall not be directly connected to any soil,
waste and vent pipes.

1. Evaporative cooler
2. Air Washer
3. Air Conditioner
4. Cold Storage Room
5. Refrigerator
6. Cooling Counter
7. Food and Drinks Storage
8. Culinary/ Dishwashing Sink for food preparation Room
 Cooling and air conditioning equipments may be separated by an *airbreak.
 Food equipments shall be separated from the drainage system by a full *airgap.

*Airbreak- a physical separation, which may be a low inlet into the indirect waste
receptor from the fixture, appliance or device indirectly connected, at least 25mm.

*Airgap, drainage.- the unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere
between the lowest opening from any pipe, plumbing fixture, appliance or appurtenance
conveying waste to the flood level rim of the receptor.
DRAINAGE, WASTE AND VENT (DWV) PIPING SYSTEM

The drainage system is composed of groups of pipes and fittings that convey waste
from the building to the proper means of disposal system.

1. Building Sewer- That part of the horizontal piping of a drainage system which
system which extends from the end of the building and which receives the
discharge of the building drain and conveys it to the public sewer, private sewer,
individual sewage disposal system or other point of disposal.
2. Building drain- the part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system
which receives the discharge from soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside of
a building and conveys it to the house sewer.
3. Sewage Disposal System. A system for the treatment and disposal of domestic
sewage by means of a septic tank, cesspool, or mechanical treatment, all
designed to serve a single establishment, development or building.
The drainage piping system contains fittings that serve as drains, traps and vents.

Drains- fittings used for draining fluid from point of use to the piping system.

Traps- fittings or device designed and constructed to provide a liquid seal which prevent
the back passage of air without materially affecting the flow of sewage or water through
it.
Vents-pipes and fittings installed in the system to provide air circulation so as to protect
trap seals from siphonage and back pressure.
TYPES OF TRAP COMMONLY USED IN RESIDENTIAL FIXTURES

1. P- Trap used at lavatories, sinks, floor drain and scuppers.

2. Drum Trap used at bathtubs and bidets
3. House Trap
4. Other Appliances
a. Back flow valve
b. Flow control valve
c. Grease trap/ grease interceptor
Drum Trap- A cylindrical trap
commonly used on the drain pipe
from a bathtub or under the
bathroom floor.
 Back Flow Valve- Device
that prevents the reversal of
flow which might flood and
cause damage to the
building.

SIZESS AND CAPACITIES OF GREASE TRAPS

SIZES DIMENSIONS PIPE SIZE INLET FLOW RATE

(mm) AND OUTLET
LxWxH (mmФ) GPM LPS
- 279 Ф x 216 51 2 0.13
- 301Ф x 203 51 3 0.19
- 330Ф x 241 51 4 0.25
- 356 x 279 51 5 0.32
100 381 x 305 x 283 51 7 0.44
200 406 x 356 x 298 51 10 0.63
300 470 x 400 x 302 51 15 0.95
400 629 x 495 x 381 51 20 1.26
500 699 x 429 x 441 76 25 1.8
600 762 x 470 x 470 76 35 2.21
700 832 x 502 x 518 76 50-55 3.15
800 873 x 559 x 584 76 House Trap-75 a device 4.73
900 902 x 724 x 890 76 installed to prevent
95 6.00
1000 1083 x 851 x 953 76 circulation of100
air between the6.31
1100 1248 x 1016 x 1006 76 drainage of the
125building and 7.89
1200 1422 x 1054 x 1029 102 the building sewer.
150 9.46
1300 1549 x 1105 x 1156 102 200 12.62
1400 1800 x 1308 x 1270 102-127 250 15.77
1500 2029 x 1486 x 1416 127-152 300 18.93
Note: Minimum height of 89mm required from cover of grease trap to bottom of fixtures
served.

Source: Metma Trading and Industrial corporation

CAT. No. 1005
POT. No. 24187

FREE LEVEL HANDLE DRAIN FLOW CONTROL VALVE IS

(METMA BRAND) RECOMMENDED FOR
INSTALLATION BEWEEN
USING FREE LEVEL HANDLE FREE LEVEL HANDLE DRAIN
DRAIN IS FOR EASY AND GREASE TRAP TO
DRIPPING OF WASTE PREVENT FATS FROM
WATER FROM KITCHEN CLOGGING INTO PIPES.
SINK.
 GREASE TRAP. A DEVICE FOR
REMOVING FAT AND GREASE
FROM WASTE WATER BY
ALLOWING THE RETAINED
LIQUID TO COOL AND THE
GREASE TO SOLIDIFY; THEN
THE GREASE IS SEPARATED BY
FLOATATION; IT RISES TO THE
TOP OF THE TRAP, WHERE IT IS
HELD. THE PRIME PURPOSE OF
A GREASE TRAP IS TO ASSURE
A FREE FLOWING DRAINAGE
THROUGH PIPE LINES AT ALL
TIMES BY INTERCEPTING,
ACCUMULATING AND
RECOVERING GLOBULES OF
GREASE FAT AND OILS FROM
WASTE WATER.

GREASE TRAP/ GREASE INTERCEPTOR

NOTE:
Grease trap is not required for individual dwelling units or for any private living
quarters. (sec. 1011.1, NPC 1999)
: No food waste disposal unit shall be connected to or discharged into any grease
trap. (Sec 1013, NPC 1999)

SIZING OF GRESE INTERCEPTORS (TABLE 10-4, NPC 1999)

C= M x W x R x F NOTE:
1 Cubic meter= 264 gallons
WHERE:

C= size of grease interceptors (liquid capacity)

M= Number of meals served at peak hour

R= Waste flow rate;

• With dishwashing machine  6 gallon flow (per meal/ day)
• Without dishwashing machine  5 gallon flow (per meal/ day)
• Single service kitchen  2 gallon flow (per meal/ day)
• Food waste disposer  1 gallon flow (per meal/ day)
• Hospital kitchen  25 gallon / bed / day

F= Storage Factors
• Fully equipped commercial kitchen
8 hour operation: 1
18 hour operation: 2
24 hour operation: 3
• Single service kitchen: 1.5

SAMPLE PROBLEM;

Determine the capacity and volume of the grease trap for a canteen that serves
an average of 50 meals a day that is open from 11:00 am to 7:00pm.

 SOLUTION: S= M x W x R x F = 50 x 5 x 2.5 x 1

S= ? = 625 gallons
M= 50 meals
W=5 cal/ meal/ day
R= 2.5 hours
F= 1

Solve for volume of grease trap (V) m3 (cubic meter)

V= 625/ 264 = 2.37 cubic meter  volume of grease trap

OTHER METHODS USED FOR SIZING THE GREASE INTERCEPTOR

• For grease traps the serve non-scheduled meals to a nonspecific number of

occupants, as in restaurants, fast foods services and luncheonettes;

C = 0.09 (K x N x H x G x S)
Where:

C= Liquid capacity
K= Facility access coefficient
= 1.25 for freeways
= 1.00 for recreation areas
= 0.80 for main highways
= 0.5 for lesser roads
N= number of seats (use fractional value if occupancy is rarely full)
H= Number of hours per day of operation
G= Waste flow rate (general value is 4.5 Gals)
S= Sewage capacity factor
= 1.7 for outflow to public sewer
= 2.5 for outflow to opposite disposal
• For grease traps that serve scheduled meals to a specific number of occupants
as in hospitals , nursing homes and schools;

C= 0.14 (M x G x S)

Where;

M= number of scheduled meals served per day; 1, 2 or 3

TYPES OF VENTS

1. Main soil and waste vent

2. Main vent
3. Individual vent or back vent
4. Unit vent
5. Circuit vent or loop vent
6. Relief vent
7. Yoke vent
8. Wet vent
9. Looped vent
10. Utility vent
 Individual vent or back vent. The portion of the
vent pipe system which serves a single fixture.

Main soil and waste vent. The portion of

soil stack pipe above the highest installed
fixture branch extending through the roof.

Main vent. The principal portion of the vent

pipe system to which vent braches may be Unit vent. The portion of the vent pipe system
connected. It serves as a collecting vent which ventilates two fixture of similar design
line. installed on opposite sides of a partition.
 The vent stack is
installed between
the 2nd and 3rd fixture
as a precaution. In
the case the soil
branch becomes
clogged, the 3rd
fixture scours the
pipe of fecal waste
which may obstruct
the vent.

Circuit vent or loop vent. The portion of the drainage system which ventilates two or
more fixture traps that discharge into a soil or waste branch.

SOIL APPLICATION RATE

PERCOLATION (GPD/ SQ. METER)
RATE (25mm) (1”)
1 minute 57.00
2 minutes 46.22
5 34.40
10 24.73

15 19.35
20 16.12
30 11.83 field area:
Disposal
A= (1.50 + 25 + 1.50) 1.80
45 8.60
A= 50.4 m2 < 70 m2 (rule of thumb)
60 * Revise
5.34 distance of trenches
D= 70/ 28 = 2.5 m
Relief Vent. The portion of the vent pipe installation that permits additional circulation of air
around the drainage pipes to eliminate back pressure and retardation of waste flow.