DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, JALANDHAR
Manufacturing Industries Notes
Class X
Q1. “Industrialization and urbanisation go hand in hand.” Validate the statement. [CBSE
Sample Paper 2016]
Answer: After an industrial activity starts in a town, urbanisation follows. Industry provides
employment to the people of the area. Population migrates from rural hinterlands to seek jobs,
Housing and transport facilities are developed to accommodate these people. Other
infrastructural developments take place leading to growth and development of the town into a
city.
Sometimes, industries are located in or near the cities. Cities provide markets and services such
as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice, etc. to the industry.
Thus, industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand.
Q2. Analyse the role of the manufacturing sector in the economic development of India.
[CBSE (AI) 2017]
Answer: The Role of manufacturing sector in the economic development of India:
(i) Manufacturing industries not only help in modernizing agriculture but also reduces the heavy
dependence of people on agricultural income.
(ii) Eradication of Unemployment and poverty.
(iii) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in much needed
foreign exchange.
(iv) Countries that transform their raw material into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher
value are prosperous.
Q3. Why do you feel that there are plans to shift sugar mills to South India?
Answer: Reasons to shift sugar mills:
(i) Sugarcane produced in these states have higher sugar content.
(ii) The cooler climate also ensures a longer crushing season.
(iii) The cooperatives are more successful in these states.
(iv) If sugarcane is transported from South to North India, due to delays in trains, sugarcane loses
its sugar content as it is a perishable good.
Q4 Why does the Chota Nagpur plateau have the maximum concentration of iron and steel
industries?
Answer: It is because of the relative advantages this region has for the development of this
industry.
(i) Low cost of iron ore is available, since it is mined in this region.
(ii) Its high grade raw material is available in close proximity.
(iii) Cheap, hard and skilled labour is easily available.
(iv) There is a vast growth potential in the home market.
Q5. What are ‘agglomeration economies’?
Answer: Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport,
labour, consultants and financial advisors, etc., to the industries. Many industries tend to come
together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as ‘agglomeration
economies. Gradually a large industrial agglomeration takes place. So, it is basically
coordination of various industries’ in a city for the development of manufacturing industries.
Q6. Why are jute mills concentrated along the Hoogly River? Explain giving reasons.
OR
“Jute industry is concentrated in the Hugli basin”. Validate the statement with three
suitable reasons. [CBSE Sample Paper 2017]
Answer: Reasons for concentration of jute mills along the Hoogly River:
• West Bengal is the storehouse of jute. It produces the highest quantity of jute.
• The industry requires a lot of water which is easily available from the Hoogly River.
• Cheap labour is easily available because of migrating labour from neighbouring states of
Bihar and Odisha.
• Inexpensive water transport in the river Hoogly is available.
• A large urban sector in Kolkata provides banking, insurance and loan facilities.
• Kolkata is a good harbour which can provide facilities for the export of jute products in
various parts of the world.
Q7. Explain any two main challenges faced by the jute industry in India. Explain any three
objectives of National Jute Policy.
Answer: Challenges faced by the jute industry:
(i) Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes.
(ii) To stimulate the demand of the products need to be diversified.
(iii) Stiff competition from the other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil etc.
Objective of National Jute policy:
(i) Increasing productivity
(ii) Improving quality.
(iii) Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers.
(iv) Enhancing the yield per hectare.
Q8. What is the current position of automobile industry in India?
Answer: Automobile industry provides vehicle for quick transport of goods and passengers.
Trucks, buses, cars, motorcycles, scooters, three-wheelers and multi-utility vehicles are
manufactured in India at various centres. After the liberalisation, the coming in of new and
contemporary models stimulated the demand for vehicles in the market, which led to the healthy
growth of the industry including passenger cars, two and three-wheelers. The industry had
experienced a quantum jump in less than 15 years. Foreign Direct Investment brought in new
technology and aligned the industry with global developments.
Q9. Why are sugar mills concentrated in sugarcane producing areas? Explain any three
problems faced by sugar industry in India. [CBSE Delhi 2016]
OR
Give reasons as to why the ideal location of sugar mills is near sugarcane producing areas.
Support the statement with reasons.
Answer: Sugar industries are concentrated in the sugarcane producing areas:
(i) Sugarcane is a perishable good, it looses its sucrose content if delays in transportation occurs,
so it needs to be in the nearby place.
(ii) Sugarcane is bulky and perishable, so transportation cost reduces.
(iii) Near it is to the production area, its production automatically increases.
(iv) The raw material used in the sugar mills, that sugarcane is bulky.
(v) In haulage, its sucrose content reduces.
Challenges:
(i) Seasonal nature of the industry.
(ii) Old and inefficient methods of production.
(iii) Transport delays in reaching cane to the mills.
(iv) Need to maximise the use of bagasse.
Q10. Analyse the role of chemical industries in the Indian economy. [CBSE (AI) 2017]
Answer: Role of chemical industries in the Indian Economy:
(i) It contributes approximately 3 % of the GDP.
(ii) It is the 3rd largest in Asia and occupies the 12th place in the world.
(iii) It compromises both large and small scale manufacturing units.
(iv) Rapid growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic sector.
(v) Organic chemicals include petrochemicals which are used for manufacturing of synthetic
fibers, rubber, plastics, and dye stuffs.
(vi) In organic chemicals include sulphuric acid, fertilizers, synthetic fibers, plastics, adhesives,
paints etc.
(vii) The chemical industry is its own largest consumer.
Q11. Suggest any five measures to control industrial pollution in India. [CBSE (F) 2017]
Answer: Measures to Control Industrial Pollution
(i) Minimizing the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more
successive stages
(ii) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements
(iii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in to rivers and ponds.
(iv) Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases
(v) Primary treatment by mechanical means involves screening, grinding, flocculation and
sedimentation. Secondary treatment by biological process, Tertiary treatment by biological,
chemical and physical processes. This Involves recycling of wastewater.
(vi) Over drawing of ground water needs to be regulated legally.
(vii) Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with
electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
(viii) Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
(ix) Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
(x) Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise.
(xi) Noise absorbing material may be used apart from personal use of earplugs and earphones.
Q12. ‘‘Manufacturing sector is considered as the backbone of economic development of a
country.’’ Support the statement with examples. [CBSE (F) 2017]
Answer: Manufacturing sector:
(i) It helps in modernizing agriculture.
(ii) Helps in providing jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
(iii) Reduces unemployment and poverty.
(iv) It brings down the regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward
areas.
(v) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce.
(vi) It brings in much needed foreign exchange.
(vii) Example- Cotton textile, Iron and Steel industry, etc.
Q13.. NTPC has set an example of a pollution-free industry. How is it possible? Explain.
Answer:
• Optimum utilisation of equipments adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing
equipments.
• Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.
• Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance.
• Addressing the question of special purpose vehicles of afforestation.
• Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system
and liquid waste management.
• Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power stations.
Classification of Industries
Types of Farming
1. Primitive Subsistence Farming
• It is also called slash-and-burn agriculture.
• This type of farming is majorly practiced on small patches, using primitive tools like hoe, dao
and digging sticks. Family and community labour are involved in this type of farming.
• Nature plays a significant role in this type of farming. The production depends upon fertility,
monsoon and the suitability of other environmental conditions.
• First, a patch of land is cleared and then food crops are grown on it. After the soil fertility
decreases, they shift to another patch which allows the previous patch to replenish the
nutrients and new fertile land for plantation.
*No modern equipment or advanced farming techniques are used in this type of farming.
2. Intensive Subsistence Farming Usually practised in areas where there is high pressure of production
on land. Various biochemical inputs and modern irrigation techniques are used to aid production.
3. Commercial Farming
• High doses of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, fertilisers, insecticides and
• pesticides are used.
• Rice is a commercial crop in Haryana.
• Another type of commercial farming is plantation in which a single crop is grown over a large area. In
India, tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana, etc.. are important plantation crops. Tea in Assam and
North Bengal coffee in Karnataka are some of the important plantation crops grown in these states.
