BANGALORE UNIVERSITY

Syllabus for B.Sc. Biotechnology (UG)

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS)

I & II Semester Biotechnology Papers

Under-Graduate (UG) Program

Framed According to the National Education Policy (NEP 2020)

From the academic year 2021-22

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 MODEL CURRICULUM
Name of the Degree Program: BSc (Basic/Hons.)
Discipline Core: Biotechnology
Total Credits for the Program: B.Sc. Basic - 136 and B.Sc. Hons. - 176
Starting year of implementation: 2021-22

Program Outcomes: Competencies need to be acquired by the candidate for securing B.Sc.
(Basic) or B.Sc. (Hons)

Introduction:
The NEP-2020 offers an opportunity to effect paradigm shift from a teacher-centric to
student-centric higher education system in India. It caters skill based education where the
graduate attributes are first kept in mind to reverse-design the programs, courses and
supplementary activities to attain the graduate attributes and learning attributes. The learning
outcomes-based curriculum framework for a degree in B.Sc. (Honours) Biotechnology is
intended to provide a comprehensive foundation to the subject and to help students develop
the ability to successfully continue with further studies and research in the subject while they
are equipped with required skills at various stages. Effort has been made to integrate use of
recent technology and use of MOOCs to assist teaching-learning process among students.
The framework is designed to equip students with valuable cognitive abilities and skills so
that they are successful in meeting diverse needs of professional careers in a developing and
knowledge-based society. The curriculum framework takes into account the need to maintain
globally competitive standards of achievement in terms of knowledge and skills in
Biotechnology and allied courses, as well develop scientific orientation, spirit of enquiry,
problem solving skills, human and professional values which foster rational and critical
thinking in the students. This course serves a plethora of opportunities in different fields right
from classical to applied aspects in Biotechnology.

GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES IN B.Sc. (Hons.) Biotechnology

Some of the characteristic attributes a graduate in Biotechnology should possess are:

• Disciplinary knowledge and skills

• Skilled communication
• Critical thinking and problem solving capacity
• Logical thinking and reasoning
• Team Spirit & Leadership Quality
• Digital efficiency
• Ethical awareness / reasoning
• National and international perspective
• Lifelong learning

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 Flexibility:
 The programmes are flexible enough to allow liberty to students in designing them
according to their requirements. Students may choose a single Major, one Major with
a Minor, and one Major with two Minors. Teacher Education or Vocational courses
may be chosen in place of Minor/s below listed are the various options students may
choose from.

 One Major subject/discipline, Two Languages, Generic Electives, Ability

Enhancement, Skill Development and Vocational courses including Extracurricular
Activities.

 One Major and one Minor subject/discipline along with Languages, Generic
Electives, Ability Enhancement, Skill Development and Vocational courses including
Extracurricular Activities

 Two Major subject/disciplines along with Languages, Generic Electives, Ability

Enhancement, Skill Development and Vocational courses, including Extracurricular
Activities.

 One Major subject/discipline and one Vocational course along with Languages,
Generic Electives, Ability Enhancement and Skill Development and courses including
Extracurricular Activities.

 One Major Discipline and One Education Discipline along with Languages, Generic
Electives, Ability Enhancement and Skill Development Courses including
Extracurricular Activities.

By the end of the program the students will be able to:

 Understand concepts in Biotechnology and demonstrate interdisciplinary skills

acquired in cell biology, genetics, biochemistry, microbiology and molecular
biology.

 Demonstrate the laboratory skills in cell biology, basic and applied microbiology
with an emphasis on technological aspects.

 Competent to apply the knowledge and skills gained in the fields of Plant
biotechnology, animal biotechnology and microbial technology in pharma, food,
agriculture, beverages, herbal and nutraceutical industries.

 Critically analyze the environmental issues and apply the knowledge gained in
biotechnology for conserving the environment and resolving the problems.
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 Demonstrate comprehensive innovations and skills in the field of biomolecules, cell
biology molecular biology, bioprocess engineering and genetic engineering of
plants, microbes, and animals with respect to applications for human welfare.

 Apply knowledge and skills of immunology, bioinformatics, computational

modelling of proteins, drug design and simulations to test the models and aid in
drug discovery.

 Critically analyze, interpret data, and apply tools of bioinformatics and multi omics
in various sectors of biotechnology including health and food.

 Demonstrate communication skills, scientific writing, data collection and

interpretation abilities in all the fields of Biotechnology.

 Learn and practice professional skills in handling microbes, animals and plants and
demonstrate the ability to identify ethical issues related to recombinant DNA
technology, genetic engineering, animal handling, intellectual property rights,
biosafety, and biohazards.

 Explore the biotechnological practices and demonstrate innovative thinking in

addressing the current day and future challenges with respect to food, health, and
environment.

 Gain thorough knowledge and apply good laboratory and good manufacturing
practices in biotech industries.

 Understand and apply molecular biology techniques and principles in forensic and
clinical biotechnology.

 Demonstrate entrepreneurship abilities, innovative thinking, planning, and setting

up of small-scale enterprises or CROs.

Assessment: Weightage for assessments

Type of Course Formative Assessment / IA Summative Assessment
Theory 40 60
Practical 25 25
Projects 40 60
Experiential Learning
(Internships/MOOC/ 40 60
Swayam etc.)

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Progressive Certificate, Diploma, Bachelor’s Degree or Bachelor’s Degree with
Honours provided at the end of each year of exit of the four-years Undergraduate
Programme.
EXIT OPTIONS Credits Required

1. Certificate upon the successful completion of the First 44-48

Year (Two Semesters) of the multidisciplinary Four-
years Undergraduate Programme/Five-years Integrated
Master’s Degree Programme.
2. Diploma upon the successful completion of the Second 88-96
Year (Four Semesters) of the multidisciplinary Four-
years Undergraduate Programme/Five-years Integrated
Master’s Degree Programme.
3. Basic Bachelor’s Degree at the successful completion 132-144
of the Third Year (Six Semesters) of the
multidisciplinary Four-year Undergraduate
Programme/Five-years Integrated Master’s Degree
Programme.
4. Bachelor’s Degree with Honours in a Discipline at the 176-192
Successful Completion of the Fourth Year (Eight
Semesters) of the multidisciplinary Four-years
Undergraduate Programme/Five-years Integrated
Master’s Degree Programme

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 IIA. Model Program Structures for the Under-Graduate Programs in Bangalore University and its affiliated
Colleges.
Biotechnology

Total
Skill Enhancement Courses
Discipline Ability Enhancement (SEC) Credits
Semester Discipline Core (DSC) Elective(DSE) / Compulsory Courses
(Credits) (L+T+P) Open Elective (OE) (AECC), Languages Skill based
(Credits) (L+T+P) (Credits) (L+T+P) Value based (Credits)
(Credits)
(L+T+P)
(L+T+P)
DSC: T1 BTC 101 SEC-T1, BTC -701,
A1- Cell biology and Biotechnological Skills Physical Education
Genetics (04)
OE-T1, BTC 301 L1-1(3), L2- and Analytical for Health
I Biotechnology for 1(3) Techniques &Wellness fitness 25
DSC-P1 BTC 101 Human Welfare (03) (4 hrs. each)
(1+0+2) (1)(0+0+2)(1)
Cell biology and Genetics
(0+0+2)
(02)

DSC-T2 BTC 102

A2- Microbiological
Methods (04) OE-T2, BTC 302
Environ
Applications of L1-2(3), L2- mental Physical Education -
II DSC-P2 BTC 102 Biotechnology in 2(3) --------- NCC/NSS/R&R (S& 25
(4 hrs. each) Studies
Microbiological Methods Agriculture (03)
(2)
(02)

Exit option with Certificate in Biotechnology (50 Credits)

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 B.Sc. Biotechnology (Basic / Hons.), First Semester
Course Title: DSC-T1BTC101, Cell Biology and Genetics (A1)
Course Code: DSC-T1 BTC101 L-T-P per week: 4-0-0
Total Contact Hours: 56 Course Credits: 04
Formative Assessment Marks: 40 Duration of ESA/Exam: 03 h
Model Syllabus Authors: Curriculum Committee Summative Assessment Marks: 60

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course the students will be able to:
1. Understand concepts in Biotechnology and demonstrate knowledge acquired in
interdisciplinary skills in cell biology and genetics
2. Comprehend the structure of a cell with its organelles
3. Understand the chromatin structure and its location
4. Understand the basic principles of life, and how a cell divides
5. Explain the organization of genes and chromosomes, chromosome morphology and
its aberrations

Course Articulation Matrix: Mapping of Course Outcomes (Cos) with Program Outcomes
(Pos 1-12)

Sl. Course Outcomes (COs) / T1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

No Program Outcomes (POs)
I Core competency X
II Critical thinking X
III Analytical reasoning X
IV Research skills X
V Team work X

Course Articulation Matrix relates course outcomes of course with the corresponding
program outcomes whose attainment is attempted in this course. Mark ‘’ in the intersection
cell if a course outcome addresses a particular program outcome.

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 B.Sc. Biotechnology (Basic / Hons.), First Semester
Content of Course 01: Theory: DSC-T1BTC101: Cell Biology and Genetics 56 h
Unit – 1: Cell and cellular organelles 14 h
Historical perspectives. Discovery of cell, the cell theory, ultra structure of a
eukaryotic cell- (both plant and animal cells), structural organization and functions
of cell wall and plasma membrane.
Structure and functions of cell organelles: Cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum,
golgi complex, mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosomes, lysosomes, peroxisomes,
nucleus, nucleolus, vacuole and cytoskeletal structures (microtubules,
microfilaments and intermediate filaments).
Unit – 2: Chromosomes and cell division 14 h
General introduction, discovery, morphology and structural organization –
Centromere, secondary constriction, telomere, chromonema, euchromatin and
heterochromatin, chemical composition and karyotype. Single-stranded and multi-
stranded hypothesis, folded-fibre and nucleosome models.
Special type of chromosomes: Salivary gland chromosome and lampbrush
chromosmes.
Cell cycle, phases of cell division, mitosis and meiosis, cell cycle checkpoints,
enzymes involved in regulation, significance of cell cycle, achromatic apparatus,
synaptonemal complex, senescence and programmed cell death.
Unit – 3: Inheritance and gene interaction 14 h
History of genetics: Mendelian theory; Laws of inheritance - dominance,
segregation, incomplete dominance, codominance with an example. Law of
independent assortment, test cross, back cross and non-Mendelian inheritance.
Maternal inheritance: Plastid inheritance in Mirabilis, Kappa particles in
paramecium, and Petite characters in yeast, Sex-linked inheritance, Chromosome
theory of inheritance.
Gene interaction: Supplementary factors: comb pattern in fowls, Complementary
genes – flower colour in sweet peas, Multiple factors – skin colour in human
beings, Epistasis – plumage colour in poultry, Multiple allelism: blood groups in
human beings.
Unit – 4: Linkage and mutation 14 h
General introduction, coupling and repulsion hypothesis, linkage in maize and
Drosophila, mechanism of crossing over and its importance, chromosome
mapping-linkage map in maize.
Mutations: Types of mutations; spontaneous and induced mutagens: Physical and
chemical, mutation at the molecular level, mutations in plants, animals and
microbes and its merits and demerits.
Structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations.
Sex determination in plants and animals. Concept of allosomes and autosomes,
XX-XY, XX-XO, ZW-ZZ, ZO-ZZ types.
Allosomal (Klinefelter syndrome and Turner’s syndrome), autosomal (Down’s
syndrome and Cri-Du-Chat syndrome) conditions.

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Formative Assessment
Pedagogy: Lectures, Presentations, videos, Assignments and Weekly Formative Assessment Tests.
Assessment Occasion Weightage in marks
Assignment/ Field Report/ Project 15 Marks
Test 20 Marks
Participation in class 05 marks
Total 40 Marks

Cell Biology and Genetics Laboratory Content

Course content 01: Practicals: DSC-P1BTC101: Cell Biology and Genetics
Course Title: Cell Biology and Genetics Course Credits: 02
Course Code: DSC-P1BTC101 L-T-P per week: 0-0-4
Total Contact Hours: 28 Duration of ESA/Exam: 03 h
Formative Assessment Marks: 25 Summative Assessment Marks: 25

1. Operation and working principle of simple and compound microscope.

2. Use of Micrometry, measurement of onion epidermal cells and yeast.
3. Study of mitosis in onion root tips.
4. Study of meiosis in grasshopper testes/onion/Rhoeo flower buds.
5. Mounting of polytene chromosomes.
6. Buccal smear – Barr bodies.
7. Karyotype analysis – human (normal & abnormal) and onion.
8. Isolation and staining of mitochondria/chloroplast.
9. Enumeration of RBC using Haemocytometer.
10. Simple genetic problems based on theory.
11. Preparation and submission of 5 permanent slides of mitosis & meiosis (by each
student).

Text Books/References
1. Ambrose, and Dorothy, M., Easty 1970. Cell Biology, ELBS Publications.
2. Benjamin Lewin, 1985. Genes II –Wiley & Sons Publications.
3. Benjamin Lewin, 1987. Genes III Wiley & Sons Publications.
4. Benjamin Lewin, 1994. Genes V. By Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York,
1,272 pp.
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5. Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, et al., 2014 Molecular Biology of
Cell –Garland publications.
6. Daniel L. Hartl, E.W. Jones, Jones, 2005. Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes,
Barlett Publishers.
7. De Robertis and EMF Robertis, 1980. Cell Biology & Molecular Biology – EDP
Saunder College.
8. Edgar Altenburg, 1970. Genetics, Oxford & IBH publications.
9. Gardener, E.J., Simmons M.J. and Snustad D.P. 1991. Principles of Genetics –John
Wiley and Son Publications.
10. Gupta P.K., 2018-19. Genetics - 5th Revised Edition, Rastogi Publication, Meert,
India.
11. Harvey Lodish, Arnold Berk, S Lawrence Zipursky, Paul Matsudaira, David
Baltimore, and James Darnell. 2000. Molecular Cell Biology - Daniel, Scientific
American Books.
12. Jack D Bruke. 2002. Cell Biology, The William Twilkins Company.
13. Monroe W Strickberger, 1976. Genetics, Macmillain Publishers, New York
14. Powar, C.B. 2019. Cell Biology, Himalaya Publications.
15. Sandy, B. Primrose, Richard Twyman, 2006. Principles of Gene Manipulations 7 th
Edition Black Well Scientific Publications.
16. Sharp, L.W. 1943. Fundamentals of Cytology - New York,McGraw-Hill Book
Company, inc.
17. Sinnott, L.C. Dunn, Dobzhansky 1985. Principles of Genetics - McGraw-Hill.
18. White, M.J.D. 1980. Animal Cytology and Evolution, Cambridge University
Publications.
19. Willson and Marrison, 1966. Cytology, Reinform Publications.

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Content of Course 02: Theory: OE-T1 BTC301: Biotechnology for Human Welfare
Course Title: Biotechnology for Human Welfare Course Credits: 03
Course Code: OE-T1BTC301 L-T-P per week: 3-0-0
Total Contact Hours: 42 Duration of ESA/Exam: 3 h
Formative Assessment Marks: 30 Summative Assessment Marks: 45
Unit – 1: Industry 14 h
Enzymes for textile industry, breweries, food supplements – single cell protein,
vitamins, food processing - cheese, yoghurt making, biodegradable plastics,
biofuels.
Unit – 2: Environment 14 h
Applications of Biotechnology in environmental aspects: waste management,
biodegradation of heavy metals, water cleaning, removing oil spills, air and soil
pollution, bioremediation, biomining.
Unit – 3: Human Health and livestock 14 h
Applications in Human Health: Antibiotic production, Molecular diagnostics,
vaccines and vaccine delivery, recombinant therapeutics – insulin, gene therapy,
forensics.
Applications in livestock improvement: transgenic animals, animal vaccine
production, Increased milk production, artificial insemination, poultry and
fisheries.

Text Books/References
1. Bhasin, M.K. and Nath, S. 2002. Role of Forensic Science in the New Millennium,
University of Delhi,
2. Crueger Wand Crueger, A. 2000. Biotechnology: A textbook of Industrial
Microbiology. 2nd edition. Panima Publishing Co. New Delhi.
3. Eckert, W.G. and Wrightin, R.K. 1997. Introduction to Forensic Sciences, 2 nd
Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
4. Hans-Joachim Jordening and Jesef Winter, 2005. Environmental Biotechnology
Concepts and Applications.
5. James, S.H. and Nordby, J.J. 2005. Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific
and Investigative Techniques, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
6. Nanda, B.B. and Tiwari, R.K. 2001. Forensic Science in India: A Vision for the
Twenty First Century, Select Publishers, New Delhi
7. Patel, A.H. 1996. Industrial Microbiology.1st edition, Macmillan India Limited.
8. Pradipta Kumar Mohapatra, 2020. Environmental Biotechnology, Dreamtech Press.
9. Stanbury, P.F., Whitaker, A. and Hall, S.J. 2006. Principles of Fermentation
Technology. 2nd edition, Elsevier Science Ltd.
Formative Assessment
Assessment Occasion Weightage in Marks
House Examination/Test 15
Written Assignment/Presentation/Project / Term Papers/Seminar 10
Class performance/Participation 05
Total 30

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 Skill Enhancement Course in Biotechnology
Course 03: Theory: SEC-T1BTC701, Biotechnology Skills &Analytical Techniques

Learning Outcomes:
 Demonstrate skills as per National Occupational Standards (NOS) of “Lab
Technician/Assistant” Qualification Pack issued by Life Sciences Sector
Skill Development Council-LFS/Q0509, Level3.
 Skills enhancement as per National Occupational Standards (NOS) of “Lab
Technician/Assistant” Qualification Pack issued by Life Sciences Sector
Skill Development Council-LFS/Q0509, Level 3.
 Knowledge about major activities of biotech industry, regulations and
compliance, environment, health and safety (EHS), good laboratory practices
(GLP), standard operating procedures (SOP) and GMP as per the industry
standards.
 Demonstrate soft skills, such as decision making, planning, organizing,
problem solving, analytical thinking, critical thinking and documentation.

Course content:03 theory

Course Title: SEC-T1BTC701: Biotechnology Skills &Analytical
Techniques
Total Contact Hours: 14 Hours Duration of ESA:01Hrs.
Formative Assessment Marks: Summative Assessment Marks: 25

Insights into biotechnology industry: Biotechnology Industry in Indian and 14 h

Global context- organization in context of large/medium/small enterprises,
their structure and benefits.
Industry oriented professional skills to be acquired: Planning and
organizing skills, decision-making, problem-solving skills, analytical
thinking, critical thinking, team management, risk assessment.
Interpersonal skills: Writing skills, reading skills, oral communication,
conflict-resolution techniques, interpretation of research data, trouble
shooting in workplace
Digitals kills: Basic computer skills (MS Office, excel, power point, internet)
for workplace. Professional E-mail drafting skills and power point
presentation skills
Analytical skills in laboratory: Solutions: molarity, molality, normality,
mass percent % (w/w), percent by volume (%v/v), parts per million (ppm),
parts per billion (ppb), dilution of concentrated solutions. Standard solutions,
stock solution, solution of acids. Reagent bottle label reading and precautions

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 Practical content of Biotechnology Skills &Analytical Techniques
Course content:03
Course Title: SEC-P1BTC701: Biotechnological Skills & Analytical Techniques
Total Contact Hours: 28 Hours Duration of ESA:02Hrs.
Formative Assessment Marks: 25 Summative Assessment Marks: 25

1. Methods and practices of cleaning and management of lab: Learning and

Practice of Integrated clean-in-place (CIP) and sterilize-in-place (SIP) as per
industry standards, material requirements for cleaning specific area, equipment,
ventilation area, personal protective requirements
2. Procedure of cleaning and storage of lab ware: Methodology for storage area,
cleaning procedure and materials to be used for various surfaces. Signboards,
labelling do’s & don’ts Knowledge about standard procedures of cleaning or
glass ware, plastic ware. Maintenance of inventor
3. Principles and practices of lab safety: Knowledge about safety symbols and
hazard signs. Personal safety gears, utility, and disposal. Equipment safety
protocols, chemical safety protocols. Documentation of chemical and equipment
usage records. Handling hazardous chemicals.
4. Best practices of usage and storage of chemicals: Knowledge and practice in
handling of chemicals, labeling and stock maintenance. SOP and material
handling. Procedures to maintain chemicals, labelling, storage and disposal.
5. Record maintenance as per SOP’s: Labelling of samples and reagents as per
SOP’s. Recording detail’s of work done for research experiments. Importance of
study of manuals, health and safety instructions.
6. Usage and maintenance of basic equipments of biotechnology lab: Principles,
calibrations and SOPs of weighing balances, pH meters, autoclaves, laminar
flows and biosafety cabinets, basic microscopes, homogenizers, stirrers,
colorimeters, UV and visible spectrophotometers.
7. Preparation of solutions and standards - Properties and uses of chemicals
commonly used in life science laboratories. Maintaining safety standards for
handling various solutions and chemicals. Preparation of test reagents and
buffers. Protocols for proper mixing of chemicals. Safety precautions while
preparation and storage of incompatible chemicals and reagents.
8. Preparation of media: Maintenance and storage of purified water for media
(plant tissue culture media, microbiological media and animal cell culture
media) preparation. Preparation and storage of concentrated stock solutions.
Documentation and disposal of expired stocks. Collection of indents of media
requirement, preparation, and storage. Media coding, documentation and
purpose of usage.
9. Practical methods for decontamination and disposal: Decontamination
methods, safe disposal practices of decontaminated media or materials.
10. Laboratory record writing: Method of record writing, data collection and
recording, reporting of result, discussion of result, summary writing, effective
power point presentation taking any experiment as example.
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11. Industry visit or analytical laboratory visit

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 B.Sc. Biotechnology (Basic / Hons.), Second Semester
Course Title: DSC-T2, BTC102, Microbiological Methods (A2)
Course Code: DSC-T2BTC102 L-T-P per week: 4-0-0
Total Contact Hours: 56 Course Credits: 04
Formative Assessment Marks: 40 Duration of ESA/Exam: 03 h
Model Syllabus Authors: Curriculum Committee Summative Assessment Marks: 60

Course Outcomes (COs): At the end of the course the students will be able to:
Course Articulation Matrix: Mapping of Course Outcomes (Cos) with Program Outcomes
(Pos 1-12)
Sl. Course Outcomes (COs) / T1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
No Program Outcomes (POs)
I Core competency X
II Critical thinking X
III Analytical reasoning X
IV Research skills X
V Team work X

Course Articulation Matrix relates course outcomes of course with the corresponding
program outcomes whose attainment is attempted in this course. Mark ‘ X’ in the intersection
cell if a course outcome addresses a particular program outcome.

15
 B.Sc. Biotechnology (Basic / Hons.), Second Semester
Content of Course 01: Theory: DSC-T2BTC102: Microbiological Methods 56 h
Unit – 1: Instrumentation 14 h
Microscopy: Principles of Microscopy-resolving power, numerical aperture,
working principle and applications of light, compound microscope, Dark field
microscope, Phase contrast microscope, Fluorescence microscope, confocal
microscope. Electron microscopes - TEM and SEM.
Analytical techniques: Working principle and applications: centrifuge,
ultracentrifuge, spectrophotometer, chromatography: paper and TLC.
Unit – 2: Sterilization techniques 14 h
Definition of terms - sterilization, disinfectant, antiseptic, sanitizer, germicide,
microbicidal agents, microbiostatic agents and antimicrobial agents.
Physical methods of control: Principle, construction and applications of moist
heat sterilization Boiling, Pasteurization, Fractional sterilization - Tyndallization
and autoclave. Dry heat sterilization – Incineration and hot air oven. Filtration–
Diatomaceous earth filter, Seitz filter, membrane filter and HEPA;
Radiation: Ionizing radiation – γ-rays and non-ionizing radiation – UV rays
Chemical methods: Alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, halogen, metallic salts,
Quaternary ammonium compounds and sterilizing gases as antimicrobial agents.
Unit – 3: Microbiological techniques 14 h
Culture Media: Components of media, natural and synthetic media, chemically
defined media, complex media, selective, differential, indicator, enriched and
enrichment media
Pure culture methods: Serial dilution and plating methods (pour, spread, streak);
cultivation, maintenance and preservation/stocking of pure cultures; cultivation of
anaerobic bacteria
Stains and staining techniques: Principles of staining, Types of stains-simple
stains, structural stains and differential stains.
Unit – 4: Antimicrobial agents and assessment of antimicrobial activity 14 h
Modes of action of antimicrobial agents:
Antifungal agents; Amphotericin B, Griseofulvin
Antiviral agents; Amantadine, Acyclovir, Azidothymine
Antibacterial agents; Plazomicin, Ervacycline, Omadacyclin and imipenum
Challenges in antimicrobial therapy; Emergence of resistance (MDR, XDR)
Assessment of antimicrobial activity:
Antibacterial- Disc and agar well diffusion techniques, Microdilution method,
Zones of inhibition, MBC, Determination of IC 50.
Antifungal- Determination of MFC, Time kill kinetics assay, sorbitol assay,
Antiviral- CPE, virus yield reduction assay, TCID, Neutralization assay,
Haemagglutination inhibition.

Formative Assessment
Assessment Occasion Weightage in marks
Assignment/ Field Report/ Project 15 Marks
Test 20 Marks
Participation in class 05 marks
Total 40 Marks

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 Microbiological Methods Laboratory Content
Course 01: Practicals: DSC-P2BTC102: Microbiological Methods
Course Title: Microbiological Methods Course Credits: 02
Course Code: DSC-P2BTC102 L-T-P per week: 0-0-4
Total Contact Hours: 28 Duration of ESA/Exam: 03 h
Formative Assessment Marks: 25 Summative Assessment Marks: 25

1. To study the principle and applications of important instruments (biological safety

cabinets, autoclave, incubator, BOD incubator, hot air oven, light microscope, pH
meter) used in the microbiology and biotechnology laboratory.
2. Sterilization of media using autoclave and assessment for sterility.
3. Sterilization of glass wares using hot air oven and assessment for sterility.
4. Sterilization of heat sensitive material by membrane filtration and assessment for
sterility.
5. Preparation of culture media for bacteria, fungi and their cultivation.
6. Plating techniques: Spread plate, pour plate and streak plate.
7. Isolation of bacteria and fungi from soil, water and air.
8. Study of Rhizopus, Penicillium, Aspergillus using temporary mounts.
9. Colony characteristics study of bacteria from air exposure plate.
10. Staining techniques: Bacteria – gram, negative, capsule, endospore staining and Fungi
– Lactophenol cotton blue staining.
11. Water analysis – MPN test.
12. Biochemical Tests – IMViC, starch hydrolysis, catalase test, gelatin hydrolysis.
13. Bacterial cell motility – hanging drop technique

Text Books/References
1. Atlas, R.M. 1997. Principles of Microbiology. 2nd edition. WM.T. Brown Publishers.
2. Black, J.G. 2008. Microbiology: Principles and Explorations. 7 th edition. Prentice Hall
Bull, A.T. 1987. Biotechnology, International Trends of perspectives.
3. Cappucino, J. and Sherman, N. 2010. Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual. 9 th
edition. Pearson Education Limited.
4. Frobisher, Saunders and Toppan 1974. Fundamentals of Microbiology Publications
5. Madigan, M.T, and Martinko, J.M. 2014. Brock Biology of Micro-organisms. 14th

17
 edition. Parker J. Prentice Hall International, Inc.
6. Paul A. Ketchum, 1988. Microbiology, Concepts and applications, Wiley
Publications.
7. Pelczar Jr M.J., Chan, E.C.S. and Krieg, N.R. 2004. Microbiology. 5 th edition Tata
McGraw Hill.
8. Salley, 1984. Fundamentals of Bacteriology, Tata McGraw Hill Education.
9. Singh, R.B. 1990. Introductory Biotechnology, C.B.D. India
10. Srivastava, S and Srivastava, P.S. 2003. Understanding Bacteria. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Dordrecht.
11. Stanier, R.Y., Ingraham, J.L., Wheelis, M.L. and Painter, P.R. 2005. General
Microbiology. 5th edition McMillan.
12. Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R. and Case, C.L. 2008. Microbiology: An Introduction. 9 th
edition Pearson Education.
13. Willey, J.M., Sherwood, L.M. and Woolverton, C.J. 2013. Prescott’s Microbiology.
9th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education.

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Content of Course 02: Theory: OE-T2BTC302: Applications of Biotechnology in
Agriculture
Course Title: Applications of Biotechnology in Agriculture Course Credits: 03
Course Code: OE-T2MBL302 L-T-P per week: 0-0-3
Total Contact Hours: 42h Duration of ESA/Exam: 3h
Formative Assessment Marks: 30 Summative Assessment Marks: 45
Unit – 1: Agricultural Biotechnology 14 h
Soil and air as a major component of environment. Types, properties and uses of
soil and air. Distribution of microorganisms in soil and air. Major types of
beneficial microorganisms in soil. Major types of harmful microorganisms in soil.
Unit – 2: Transgenic plants 14 h
The GM crop debate – safety, ethics, perception and acceptance of GM crops,
GM crops case study: Bt-cotton, Bt-brinjal
Plants as bio-factories for molecular pharming: edible vaccines, plantibodies,
nutraceuticals.
Unit – 3: Biopesticides 14 h
Baculovirus pesticides, Myco pesticides,
Post - harvest protection: Antisense RNA technology for extending shelf life of
fruits and shelf life of flowers.
Genetic Engineering for quality improvement: Seed storage proteins, Flavours -
capsaicin, vanillin

Text Books/References
1. Chrispeels, M.J. et al. 1994. Plants, Genes and Agriculture-Jones and Bartlett
Publishers, Boston.
2. Gamborg, O.L. and Philips, G.C. 1998. Plant cell, tissue and organ culture (2 nd ed.)
Narosa Publishing House. New Delhi.
3. Gistou, Pand Klu, H. 2004. Hand book of Plant Biotechnology (Vol.I & II). John
Publication.
4. Hammound, J.P McGravey and Yusibov. V. 2000. Plant Biotechnology, Springer
verlag.
5. Heldt. 1997. Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Oxford and IBH Publishing
Co. Pvt. Ltd. Delhi.
6. Lydiane Kyte and John Kleyn. 1996. Plants from test tubes. An introduction to
Micropropagation (3rd ed.). Timber Press, Portland.
7. Murray, D.R. 1996. Advanced methods in plant breeding and biotechnology. Panima
Publishing Corporation.
8. Nickoloff, J.A. 1995. Methods in molecular biology, Plant cell electroporation and
electro fusion protocols – Humana pressin corp, USA.
9. Sawahel, W.A. 1997. Plant genetic transformation technology. Daya Publishing
House, Delhi.

Pedagogy: Chalk and Talk, PPT, Group discussion, Seminars, Field visit
Formative Assessment
Assessment Occasion Weightage in Marks
House Examination/Test 15
Written Assignment/Presentation/Project / Term Papers/Seminar 10
Class performance/Participation 05
Total 30

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