Worksheet No.
3: Module C – General Equilibrium
1. Explain what is incorrect about the following statements:
a. At equilibrium no more reactants are transformed into products
At equilibrium reactants are continually transformed into products and vice versa
b. At equilibrium the rate constant for the forward reaction equals that of the reverse
reaction
At equilibrium the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse
reaction
c. At equilibrium there are equal amounts of reactants and products.
At equilibrium, the amounts of reactants and products are constant.
2. Write the Kc expression for the following reactions:
a. 3NO(g) N2O(g) + NO2(g)
b. CH4(g) + 2H2S(g) CS2(g) + 4H2(g)
c. Ni(CO)4(g) Ni(s) + 4CO(g)
d. Fe2O3(s) + 3H2(g) 2Fe(s) + 3H2O(l)
e. 2N2O5(g) 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
3. Consider the following equilibrium, for which ΔH < 0:
I2(s) + Br2(g) 2IBr(g)
How will each of the following affect an equilibrium mixture of the three gases?
a. Br2(g) is added to the system; equilibrium position shifts to the right
b. The reaction mixture is heated; equilibrium position shifts to the left
c. The volume of the reaction vessel is doubled; equilibrium position shifts to the right
d. A catalyst is added to the mixture; no change to the position of equilibrium
e. The total pressure of the system is increased by adding a noble gas;
no change to the position of equilibrium
f. IBr is removed from the system. equilibrium position shifts to the right
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4. For each of the following reactions, state and explain whether a high or low temperature and
a high or low pressure should be used to maximize the yield of product:
a) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) ∆H = -ve
b) PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ∆H = +ve
c) H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) ∆H = -ve
d) HCOOH(l) + CH3OH(l) HCOOCH3(l) + H2O(l) ∆H = 0
Temp Reason Pressure Reason
a Low Reaction is exothermic High High pressure favors the side with less gas moles
b High Reaction is endothermic Low low pressure favors the side with more gas moles
c Low Reaction is exothermic NA Equal moles of gas on both sides
d NA Reaction is isenthalpic NA No moles of gas on either side
5. At 700 oC, Kc = 20.4 for the reaction
SO2(g) + ½ O2(g) SO3(g)
a. What is the value of Kc for the reverse reaction? Kc = 1/20.4 = 0.049
b. What is the value of Kc when 2 moles of SO3 are produced? Kc = (20.4)2 = 416
c. What is the Kp expression and value for the above reaction?
Kp = 20.4 (0.08206 LatmK -1mol-1 x 973 K)-0.5
Kp = 2.28
6. Write the expression for the equilibrium constant and calculate the partial pressure of CO 2(g),
given that Kp is 0.12 (at 1000 K) for
CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
7. At 100 oC the equilibrium constant for the reaction COCl2(g) CO(g) + Cl2(g) has the value
-10
of Kc = 2.19 x10 . Are the following mixtures of COCl2, CO and Cl2 at equilibrium? If not,
indicate the direction that the reaction must proceed to achieve equilibrium.
a. [COCl2] = 2.00 x10-3 M, [CO] = 3.31 X10-6 M, [Cl2] = 6.62 x10-6 M
b. [COCl2] = 4.50 x10-2 M, [CO] = 1.10 X10-7 M, [Cl2] = 2.25 x10-6 M
c. [COCl2] = 1.00 x10-2 M, [CO] = 1.48 X10-6 M, [Cl2] = 1.48 x10-6 M
Qc Prediction
a 1.10x10-8 Qc > Kc; reaction proceeds to the left to achieve equilibrium
b 5.50x10-12 Qc < Kc; reaction proceeds to the right to achieve equilibrium
c 2.19x10-10 Qc = Kc; reaction mixture is at equilibrium
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8. A mixture of 0.2000 mol of CO2, 0.1000 mol of H2 and 0.1600 mol of H2O is placed in a
2.000 L vessel. The following equilibrium is established:
CO2(g) + H2(g) CO(g) + H2O(g)
At equilibrium [H2O] = 0.0856 M.
a. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of CO2, H2 and CO.
b. Calculate Kc for the reaction
a.
[CO2] [H2] [CO] [H20]
Initial 0.1000 0.0500 0.0000 0.0800
Change -0.0056 -0.0056 +0.0056 +0.0056
equilibrium 0.0944 0.0444 0.0056 0.0856
b. Kc = (0.0056) (0.0856) = 0.1144
(0.0944) (0.0444)
9. A sample of nitrosyl bromide, NOBr, decomposes according to the following equation:
2NOBr(g) 2NO(g) + Br2(g)
An equilibrium mixture in a 5.00 L vessel at 100 0C contains 3.22 g of NOBr, 3.08 g of NO
and 4.19 g of Br2.
a. Calculate Kc.
b. Calculate the new equilibrium concentrations when 1.24 g of Br 2 is removed and
equilibrium has been re-established.
a.
⁄
[NOBr]eqm = = 0.00585 mol/L
⁄
[NO]eqm = = 0.0205 mol/L
⁄
[Br2]eqm = = 0.00524 mol/L
Kc = (0.0205)2 (0.00524) = 0.0643
(0.00585)2
b. Removing Br2 will cause the eqm position to shift to the right. The previous equilibrium
concentrations are now initial concentrations and the system will adjust to re-establish equilibrium.
[NOBr] [NO] [Br2]
initial 0.00585 0.0205 0.00369
change -2x +2x +x
equilibrium 0.00585-2x 0.0205+2x 0.00369+x
Substitute these expressions in the Kc equation and solve for x to evaluate the new equilibrium
concentrations.
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10. At 21.8 oC, Kc = 1.2 x10-4 for the equilibrium
NH4SH(s) NH3(g) + H2S(g)
Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of NH3 and H2S if a sample of solid NH4SH is
placed in a closed vessel at 21.8 0C and allowed to decompose until equilibrium is reached.
Let [NH3]eqm = [H2S]eqm = x
1.2x10-4 = (x) (x)
So; x = 0.011 mol/L
