Separation of Substances
Class-6th Chapters-5th
A substance can be classified into : Mixture and Pure Substance
• Mixture- A mixture is a substance made by combining two or more substances, not in
defined ratio.
• In mixture the constituents are not combined chemically.
• There is no loss or gain of energy
• Separation- A mixture is formed as a result of physical change .
• Therefore in order to separate the constituents of a mixture there is a physical method of
technique can be employed and mixture can be separated back.
• These technique are based on certain physical properties of components such as density ,
weight , size etc.
Methods of Separation
Hand Picking-
➢ There pieces of stone, husks, broken grain and particles
of any other grain remove with hand the pieces of
stone, husks and other grains from it.
➢ The quantity of such impurities is usually not very
large.
Threshing
➢ The process that is used to separate grain from stalks etc. is
threshing.
➢ In this process, the stalks are beaten to free the grain
seeds.
➢ Sometimes, threshing is done with the help of bullocks.
➢ Machines are also used to thresh large quantities of grain
Winnowing-
➢ Separating components of a mixture is called winnowing.
➢ Winnowing is used to separate heavier and lighter
components of a mixture by wind or by blowing air.
➢ This method is commonly used by farmers to separate
lighter husk particles from heavier seeds of grain.
➢ The husk particles are carried away by the wind and seeds
get settled and form heap.
➢ The separated husk is used for many purposes such as
fodder for cattle’s.
Sieving-
➢ Sieving allows the fine flour particles to pass
through the holes of the sieve while the bigger
impurities remain on the sieve.
➢ In a flour mill, impurities like husk and stones are
removed from wheat before grinding it.
Sedimentation , Decantation , and Filtration
➢ When the heavier component in a mixture
settles after water is added to it, the process
is called sedimentation.
➢ When the water (along with the dust) is
removed, the process is called decantation.
➢ The same principle is used for separating a
mixture of two liquids that do not mix with
each other.
For example-
➢ Oil and water allowed to stand for some time, they form two separate layers. The
component that forms the top layer can then be separated by decantation.
➢ After preparing tea , remove the tea leaves pour the tea through a strainer .This
process is called filtration
➢ The process of conversion of water into its vapor is
called evaporation.
➢ The process of evaporation takes place continuously
wherever water is present.
solution
➢ It is a homogenous mixture composed of two or more substance.
➢ In such a mixture a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance known as
solvent.
Saturated solution
➢ A saturated solution is chemical solution containing the maximum concentration
of solute dissolved in solvent.
➢ Example, a saturated solution of salt in water is that in which no more salt can be
dissolved , the added salt sediment down to the bottom.
Summary
➢ Handpicking, winnowing, sieving, sedimentation, decantation and filtration are
some of the methods of separating substances from their mixtures.
➢ Husk and stones could be separated from grains by handpicking.
➢ Husk is separated from heavier seeds of grain by winnowing.
➢ Difference in the size of particles in a mixture is utilized to separate them by the
process of sieving and filtration.
➢ In a mixture of sand and water, the heavier sand particles settle down at the bottom
and the water can be separated by decantation.
➢ Filtration can be used to separate components of a mixture of an insoluble solid and a
liquid.
➢ Evaporation is the process in which a liquid gets converted into its vapor.
➢ Evaporation can be used to separate a solid dissolved in a liquid.
➢ A saturated solution is one in which no more of that substance can be dissolved.
➢ More of a substance can be dissolved in a solution by heating it.
➢ Water dissolves different amount of soluble substances in it.
CONTACT ME
[email protected] - email id
Instagram – ranjeeta1208
Telegram - https://t.me/drranjeeta
THANKYOU…
