The Correlation Between Time Management Skills and Periodical Examination
Scores of Grade 12 ABM Students
GRADE 12 - ABM EXECUTIVE
CORNEL, FRIDIE MARK E.
KATADA, ANGELO GWEYNE
SINGSON, DANTE C.
BANGI, ALYSSA JOYCE T.
BUENCOCHILLO JOYLYN MAE P.
JUANILLO, RHEA ANGELIQUE A.
ROMANO, MEIA A.
VILLARAS, PAMELA T.
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Time management is an essential skills for students, especially those in the
Grade 12 Accountancy Business, and Management (ABM) Strand. In today’s fast-
paced academic environment, effective time management is crucial for student
success. Grade 12 ABM students face exhaustive academic demands, and the ability
to manage their time effectively can significantly influence their performance in
periodic examination.
Time management refers to the ability to plan study time and task (Effeney,
Caroll, & Barh, 2013). they must attend classes, complete assignments, prepare for
exam while also participating in extracurricular activities and maintaining social lives.
This balancing act can be overwhelming, particularly for students who lack effective
time management skills. Without these skills, students may find themselves stressed
and struggling to keep up with their academic demands. Time management involves
various practices, such as planning, prioritizing task, and avoiding procrastination.
When students manage their time well, they can allocate time to study and complete
assignments. This establishment can lead to better academic performance, as students
who effectively manage their time are often more prepared for exams. Many students
have trouble in managing time when they go to university from high school. Most
students, unwilling, spend time unnecessarily. The biggest problem is that causes
waste of time arises from not planning their time.
One of the most important way that students can save time by effective time
planning. Student should make usage of time efficient by making advance planning;
should determine study time and shouldn’t postpone; and should not leave the
discipline in this respect. In terms of students, time management is very important for
success in the academic sense. By planning and using time correctly, the chances for
achieving the desire success will increase. Therefore, qualified and creative use of
time awareness should be placed (Türe 2013). Time management is the coordination
of tasks and activities to maximize the effectiveness of an individual’s effort.
Essentially, the purpose of time management is to enable people to get more and
better work done in less time. It has also been advised to start practicing time
management from the early student life (Valle et al., 2016). It has also been
association with low anxiety and greater academic achievement in students
(Jenaabadi, Nastiezaie, & Jalal, 2016).
Previous studies have determined a positive effect of time management.
Time management skills have indicated a positive effect on student learning and
associated outcomes. A number of studies have identified the positive impact of time
management. According to Saqib Khan, Muhammad (2015). The aim of his study was
to determine the relationship between the time management and academic
achievement of the university students. All in all, he found out that the time
management is highly related to the academic performance of the university
students. That his research study has shown that success students are good managers.
These results, however, can be generalized to students living in other universities of
Khyber PakhtunKhwa.
As a result of this, it was determined that student’s behavior in the category
of time planning was at the highest level and behavior in the category of time
management was at the lowest level. The success of students was above average.
There was a significant and positive relation between time planning, time
management and academic performance of the students. There was a low and positive
relation between time consumers and academic achievement, there was a meaningful
and moderate relation between time management and academic achievement. Time
management shows the way where the score of students affect their academic
achievement as concluded that students who scored poor in academic achievement
gained significantly lower in Time-management. They found an association between
time management practices, academic achievements and stress reduction as the
research study demonstrated that an association exist between anxiety lessening,
practices of time management and higher academic success. Moreover, there is an
association between time management abilities and educational outcomes. Giving
time to studies outside the class or at home have some positive impacts on the studies
and spending more time working have some negative impacts on the outputs of the
students.
The study of the correlation between time management skills and periodical
examination scores of Grade 12 ABM (Accountancy, Business, and Management)
students holds significant educational. The study aims to explore how effectively
students manage their time and how these skills impact their academic performance,
particularly in a demanding track like ABM. It seeks to establish a statistical
correlation between time management practices and examination scores, providing
insights into whether better time management leads to improve academic outcomes.
Additionally, by identifying the relationship, educators can developed targeted
interventions and strategies to help students enhance their time management skills,
potentially leading to better academic performance. The importance of time
management extends beyond academics. Developing these skills can help students in
their future careers and personal lives. In business world, for instance, time
management is crucial for meeting deadlines and managing projects. Thus, fostering
time management skills in students can prepare them for success in both their
educational and professional endeavors.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
(Please show to me your Standardized Questionnaire)
This study seeks to explore how time management skills relate to the scores
students achieve in the periodical examinations of Grade 12 ABM Students.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following question:
1. What is the demographic profile of students according to:
a. Sex
b. Grade & Section
2. What is the average level of time management skills among Grade 12 ABM
students?
a. Sex
b.Grade & Section
3. What are the average periodical examination of Grade 12 ABM students?
a. Sex
b. Grade & Section
4. Is there a significant relationship between the time management skills and the
periodical examination scores of Grade 12 ABM students?
a. Sex
b. Grade & Section
5. Is there a significant difference between the time management skills and the
periodical examination scores of Grade 12 ABM students?
a. Sex
b. Grade & Sections
HYPOTHESIS
From the problem stated above, the following hypothesis was formulated:
Null Hypothesis: There is no significant correlation between time management skills
and periodical examination scores among Grade 12 ABM students.
Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant positive correlation between time
management skills and periodical examination scores among Grade 12 ABM students.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
The study contains an evaluation of the Grade 12 ABM (Accountancy Business
and Management) students regarding with The Correlation between Time
Management Skills and Periodical Examination Scores. This research refers to the
students on how they manage their time that can affect on their periodical exam.
Skills on how to manage your time is necessary to make sure everything that you need
to do in allotted time frame will be organized. In the data gathering section,
respondents were fixed to a maximum of 148 Grade 12 students in the ABM
academic strand. The researchers used a stratified random sampling, for they will take
a sample size per section using Slovin’s Formula
The research instrument used for this study is limited only to the Survey
Questionnaire. The target respondents of this study are delimited to Grade 12 ABM
Students of Dona Hortencia Salas Benedicto National High school - Senior High
school only. However, the conclusions may vary depending on the different schools in
the Negros Occidental province respectively.
The study only focuses on Time Management Skills and its relation to the
Periodical Examination Scores of Grade 12 ABM Students.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study of the correlation between time management skills and periodical
examination scores of Grade 12 ABM (Accountancy, Business and Management)
students is significant for several reasons, particularly in enhancing academic
performance and fostering personal growth. Time management is vital competency
that influences numerous aspects of a student’s life, especially when faced with
demanding academic requirements and preparations for future challenges. By
exploring this correlation, educators can better understand how effective time
management impacts student’s academic achievements.
First, it can lead to the development of targeted interventions and programs
aimed at improving time management skills among students. These programs can
equip students with strategies to allocate their study time efficiently, prioritize task,
and reduce procrastination, ultimately fostering better academic outcomes.
Second, identifying a strong correlation between time management and
examination scores can motivate students to adopt effective practices, there by
enhancing their self-discipline and organizational skills. As a students in the ABM
track prepare for higher education and careers in business, mastering time
management will not only benefit their academic performance but also their future
professional lives.
The following are can benefit from the study:
STUDENTS. This study will help the students to improve their time management
skills, leading to more effective study habits and better academic performance. By
understanding the Correlation between time management and exam scores, students
can create more efficient study plans and balance their academic and personal
responsibilities.
STAKEHOLDERS. Understanding this relationship can help stakeholders, including
educators, administrators, and policymakers, to make informed decisions that enhance
student success. They can implement targeted programs, adjust academic structures,
and provide resources that foster a more effective and supportive learning
environment.
TEACHERS. This study will help teachers gain insight into how time management
skills correlated with students periodical examination scores. Understanding this
relationship allows educators to develop targeted intervention and support
mechanisms to improve students time management practices.
FUTURE RESEARCHERS. This study will be the way to open doors for future
researcher by providing a solid foundation to explore how time management skills
affect different aspects of students’ academic and personal lives.
PARENTS. This study will help the parents to understand how enhancing time
management can positively impact their children academic achievement. It will guide
them in offering practical support and fostering better time management habits at
home.
RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
Theoretical Framework
The research is based on the researchers ideas and theories that have been
carefully reviewed, from which important variables were chosen. These theories have
helped the researchers focus the research problem and create the study’s framework.
This study, supported by Parkinson’s Law states that “works expands to
fill the time available for its completion” Essentially, if you give yourself more time
to do a task , it will take longer to finish, even if the task itself isn’t complex. It
highlights the tendency for tasks and organizations to become less efficient when
given more time or resources. This theory states that to optimize time management,
we must determine the relative importance of each task and use their importance to
manage scheduling. One of the most direct implications of Parkinson’s Law is its
influence on time allocation. Students often distribute their study time based on
deadlines. For instance, when an assignment is set for a week later, many students
tend to stretch their efforts over the entire week, even when a few days of focused
study could suffice. This behavior can lead to procrastination, where students delay
starting their work until the deadline looms. As the due date approaches, the pressure
escalates, often resulting in rushed efforts. The quality of the work may suffer under
such condition, which can adversely affect the grades of students ultimately received.
Conceptual Framework
Grade 12 ABM students
a. Sex
The Correlation between Time b. Various Practices of Time
Management Skills and Periodical Management Skills
Examination Scores of Grade 12 1. Prioritization
ABM Students 2. Scheduling
3. Procrastination level
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework
Figure 1 presents the Schematic Diagram of the study. It consists of one (1)
Independent Variable: Various Practices of Time Management skills while Periodical
Examination Scores of Grade 12 ABM Students serves as the Dependent Variable.
DEFINTION OF TERMS
(Please arrange this in an alphabetical order from A-Z)
The following terms are being defined conceptually and operationally.
Academic Stress. Conceptually, defined as the transient experience of pressure,
anxiety, or distress related to achieving academic goals (Pascoe MC, Hetrick SE,
Parker AG 2020)
Operationally, it refers to the psychological and emotional strain experienced by
students due to academic demands and pressures.
Procrastination. Conceptually, defined as the voluntary delay of an intended and
necessary and/or [personally] important activity, despite expecting potential negative
consequences that outweigh the positive consequences of the delay (Klingsieck,
2013, 26)
Operationally, it refers to tendency of delay or postpone tasks and
responsibilities that need to be completed within a specified time frame.
DHSBNHS-SHS. Dona Hortencia Salas Benedicto National High School-Senior High
School.
Operationally, it is the locale of the study.
Time Management. Conceptually, is the process of organizing, planning and
controlling time to get more and better work done in less time. It is defined as
behaviour that aim at achieving an effective use of time while performing certain
goal-directed activities (Claessens, 2007)
Operationally, it refers to the ability of students to effective plan, prioritize, and
utilize their time in a structured manner. Additionally, it is the independent variable of
the study.
Academic Performance. Conceptually, stated that academic performance is the
knowledge gained which is assessed by marks by a teacher and/or educational goals
set by students and teachers to be achieved over a specific period of time (Narad
and Abdullah, 2016).
Operationally, it refers to the measurable outcomes of students’ achievements in
their academic activities.
