Dongguan Lithium Valley Energy Co., Ltd.
Container Series Energy Storage System
500kW/1MWh Energy Storage System
www.lithiumvalley.com
Dongguan Lithium Valley Energy Co., Ltd.
1. Introduction
The purpose of this document is to describe the power conversion solution
for the [America] project. A description of the overall system configuration
will be given, whichdefines each role of the energy storage station function.
The energy storage part of the system is roughly as shown in the figure below.
The actual installation may be modified. If there is any modification, it will be
notified immediately. A total of one 20 foot container was used. The container has
built-in energy storage converter,lithium battery pack,etc.The container is equipped
with lighting, fire protection, air conditioning, monitoring, power distribution and
other systems.
2. Acronyms
AC：alternative current.
DC：direct current.
BESS：battery energy storage system.
ESS：energy storage system.
EMS：energy management system.
BMS：battery management system.
PCS：power conversion system.
SLD：single line diagram.
SOH：state of health (of battery), expressed in percentage.
DDP：delivered duty paid.
DOD：depth of discharge, the rest battery capacity, expressed in percentage.
EOD：end of discharging.
SOC：state of charge (of battery).
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3. Technical solution
System design
Load Analyze
Application environment restrictions:
When the Battery Energy Storage System is working in stand-alone mode (off-grid mode)
there are some restriction to the application environment.
• Several PCS AC output parallel is the customized function. Please contact manufacture
when user need the AC output parallel in off-grid mode.
• Resistive load power < PCS rated power
• RCD (Resistive Capacitor Diode) load power < PCS rated power * 80%, and meanwhile
RCD load power<500kW. When the RCD load >500kW, please contact the manufacture
and customize the PCS.
• Motor load with Frequency Converter, load power < PCS single machine rated power*80%
• Motor load without Frequency Converter, please contact the manufacture and customize
this PCS function.
Single Line Diagrams (concept) for 500KW/1053KWh
The following SLD shows the design of [500KW/1053kWh] [on-grid/ off-grid] renewable
energy storage system:
500KW/1053KWh
AC 480V 3W+N+PE
Figure-1 500KW/1053KWh
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LV Switchgear
The AC switchgear has the function of disconnect and reconnect the whole system between
on-grid and off-grid mode from the utility grid.
Power Converter System
The Power Converter System is used to convert the DC power from battery to AC power to
the AC distribution system in discharging mode, and vice versa in charging operation.
The proposed energy storage inverter is PCS-500K series, which is a modular designed,
designed and manufactured by Lithium Valley.
The PCS-500K is a grid-support Utility-lnteractive Inverter, which is defined as an inverter or
converter intended for use in parallel with an electric utility ,it is additionally evaluated for
specific grid support functions different from those defined in lEEE 1547-2003 and IEEE
1547.1-2005. These units have specific utility interconnection settings that allow them to
provide grid support functionality such as voltage and frequency requlation functions and
voltage and frequency ride through. Products that rely upon internal or external utility
Interconnection protection functions or devices shall be specifically identified for the
particular product.External utility interconnection protection may be required by means of
utility protection relays as defined by specific product ratings and instructions. It is intended
that the acceptability of grid support utility interactive inverters shall be determined by
the local electric utility.
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The specification data of the Power Converter System is attached.
The Power Converter can work in two modes: utility-interactive mode, aka P-Q
mode; and stand-alone mode, aka off-grid mode, or V-F mode.
Key Functions of the PCS Energy Storage Inverter
Utility-interactive mode (P-Q mode)
The P-Q mode is that the reference voltage and a constant frequency will be
provided by another source (usually the utility grid), and the active power and
the reactive power can be commanded to change on the inverter.
Stand-alone mode (V-F mode)
The V-F control mode is that no matter how does the inverter power change, the amplitude
and frequency of output voltage would be constant, the inverter of V/F control can provide
voltage and frequency support for the micro-grid during islanded operation.
The inverter will act as a voltage source. The current amplitude and PF will be determined
by the sum of the generation (if exist) and the consumption load.
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Four-quadrantoperation
The energy storage inverter supports four-quadrant operation in both grid-tied mode and
off-grid mode, which means the active power and the reactive power can be tuned to or
showing to 4 characteristics:
Import active power + inductive reactive power
Import active power + capacitive reactive power
Export active power + inductive reactive power
Export active power + capacitive reactive power
Yet the energy conversion systems always consume certain active power as the loss.
The actual PF range is 0.1~1.0 leading or lagging. The sign is indicating the reference
direction of the power.
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Anti-Islanding
Anti-islanding protection is a US-required safety feature that is built into all grid-tied and
inverters that operate in the US. It may not be built into some inverters meant to operate
in different countries.
Anti-islanding protection is a way for the inverter to sense when there is a problem with the
power grid, such as a power outage, and shut itself off to stop feeding power back to the grid.
This is because when problems arise with the power grid it is assumed that workers will be
dispatched to deal with the issue, and they want the power lines to be completely safe, and
not have electricity flowing from all the nearby grid-tie systems.
High/Low voltage frequency ride-through
State or action in response to an abnormal excursion of the grid, such as high/low voltage and
high/low frequency, in which the inverter does not trip in less than the minimum specified
duration.
Voltage and frequency ride through functions are the most important features needed to
improve grid stability.
Historically inverters were programmed to get offline quickly in response to grid voltage or
frequency excursions.
Volt-Var control
Supplying VARs when and where demanded is inherent to operating an electric power system.
Volt-Watt control
Reduces real power output with rising voltage, it can also be used with ramp rate control on
initial startup.
Frequency-Watt Control
Reduces real power output with rising frequency, and it can be used with HF ride through for
more stability.
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Battery design
The brand and model can be changed for certain project according to the practical situation.
The battery type will be [lithium iron phosphate (LFP)] which is recommended.
Battery Configuration
The battery system is built by several battery clusters. Each battery cluster is composed by
several battery packs and one battery controlling box. The battery configuration might be
modified according to the demand and the request on expansion.
Battery cell:
The lithium battery of the energy storage system uses 3.2V/105Ah LiFeP04 prismatic cell. The
detailed parameter information is as follows.
Cell parameter:
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Battery pack Model: ES51.2-210(16S)
The battery module uses 16S1P or 16S2P group solutions to meet the different power
requirements of customers. Aluminum busbar laser welding, safe and reliable. Each
battery module has a cooling fan: it is installed externally from the control BMS. which
is convenient for debugging, maintenance and replacement. There is a fire extinguishing
module in each module, which can eliminate the fire risk of the battery pack in a very short
time and minimize the loss.
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HV BOX
Each HV BOX realizes monitoring and control of a battery pack. The BMS adopts external
power supply, which can ensure that when the battery is dead, the BMS can continue to
work to ensure the safety of the battery.
lf several battery packs are used in parallel, a three-level management module (BSU)
needs to be added to collect and process the information of all battery packs.
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Battery rack
Model: ES716-210 (14 modules and 1 HV box in one rack, 210Ah 716.8V,
one rack in one string,)
Apparent: (for reference only)
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BMS (Battery management system)
Battery management system (BMS) is any electronic system that manages a rechargeable
battery (cell or battery pack), such as by protecting the battery from operating outside its Safe
Operating Area, monitoring its state, calculating secondary data, reporting that data, controlling
its environment, authenticating it and / or balancing it.
System Overview
The BMS system of this project adopts a three-level architecture, the battery module leve
BMS-BMU, the battery cluster level BMS-BCU, and the battery stack level BMS-BSU.
BMU (Battery Module Monitoring Unit) battery pack monitoring unit, which integrates the
functions of battery operation information monitoring and collection, passive balance
management, online internal resistance test, and fault diagnosis.
BCU (Battery Cluster Control Unit) branch control unit, the BCU collects the information
of all battery boxes through the BMU, and collects the total voltage and current of the entire
cluster of batteries at the same time. The process alarms and protects the abnormality of
the battery pack;
BSU (Battery Stack Control Unit) battery stack control unit, the management unit on the BCU.
Perform numerical calculation, performance analysis, alarm processing and record storage on
the real-time battery data transmitted, and perform event alarm and protection for the
abnormality of multi-cluster parallel battery stacks;
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Through the above three-level BMS to achieve comprehensive battery information
management, online SOC and SOH estimation, non-destructive active balanced
charge and discharge management, battery system self-fault diagnosis and protection
functions and other unctions. Through the above three-level BMS to achieve comprehensive
battery information management,online SOC and SOH estimation, non-destructive active
balanced charge and discharge management, battery system self-fault diagnosis and
protection functions and othel functions.
Parameter :
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Seismic Design
According to lEEE 693,Seismic qualification method, Seismic withstand capability shall
be demonstrated as follows:
a) 169 kV and above. By time history and sine beat shake-table testing.
b) 121 kV to less than 169 kV. By dynamic analysis.
c) 35 kV to less than 121 kV. By static coefficient method.
d) Less than 35 kV. By inherently acceptable.
This ESS is all lower than 35kv.
The System design will follow these features：
a) Avoid stress concentrations in the load path.
b) )Reduce weights and moments of equipment.
c) Use composite bushing insulators instead of porcelain.
d) Use high strength insulation supports in the interrupter.
e) Avoid bending loads in connections to critical components such as the tanks or
housings.
f) Keep higher stresses in ductile components along the load path and reduce stress
in brittle components to increase damping and improve seismic toughness.
Soil-structure interaction
SSI is generally not considered in the design of substation equipment, unless specifically
requested by the user.
Anchorage
The support frames will be fabricated from steel, welded as parts of the containers.
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All batteries within the containers will be bolted to the battery cabinets.
All the cabinets, including battery cabinets and switches and will be mounted to the roof of
the containers by bolts.
Four twist lockers shall be pre-installed on the concrete bases for each container before
loading the containers.
Communication system
Communication Protocol
The PCS-500K Power Converter System implements MODBUS RTU and MODBUS TCP/IP
protocol. The register mapping is listed in the protocol document.
MODBUS is an application layer messaging protocol, positioned at level 7 of the OSl
model that provides client/server communication between devices connected on different
types of buses or networks.
The industry's serial de facto standard since 1979, MODBUS continues to enable millions
of automation devices to communicate. Today, support for the simple and elegant structure
of MODBUS continues to grow. The Internet community can access MODBUS at a
reserved system port 502 on the TCP/IP stack.
MODBUS is a request/reply protocol and offers services specified by function codes.
PCS-500k deploys function code 03, 04 as reading function, and 06 as writing function.
MODBUS function codes are elements of MODBUS request/reply PDUs. The objective of
this document is to describe the function codes used within the framework of
MODBUS transactions.
MODBUS is an application layer messaging protocol for client/server communication
between devices connected on different types of buses or networks.
Lighting
Explosion proof lamps shall be used in the container, and evacuation indication devices
shall be set (the emergency time shall be more than 1.5 hours). The power supply of the
device shall be led from the new lighting distribution box. All lamps shall be arranged at a
sufficient distance from the surrounding live equipment and easy to maintain. An
emergency lighting lamp shall be set in the container, which shall be powered by the
lamp's own battery, and the power capacity shall meet the requirement of maintainino
emergency lighting for one hour. The lighting design shall meet the illumination
requirements in the room.The illumination of the container shall reach 600lx.
Note: If the lighting system is modified, it will be informed immediately.
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Temperature control system
The integrated air conditioner is used in the energy storage container of the project.
Mechanical ventilation system shall be set in the container. And add temperature control
system, including main controller, temperature sensor and other equipment. A temperature
sensor is proposed to be added to the container. The temperature sensor sends the
temperature signal to the communication management machine and uploads it to the
monitoring system. The monitoring system controls the operation status of the air conditioner
and fan according to the temperature in the battery room.
Note: lf the air conditioning system is modifed, it will be informed immediately.
Fire fighting system
Overview of fire protection system
The fire alarm system is controlled automatically. Gas fire extinguishing protection is set in
the protection area, and smoke detectors and temperature detectors are set. When any
smoke or temperature detector in the gas fire extinguishing protection zone gives an alarm
the gas fire extinguishing controller will give an alarm to remind the staff to pay attention to
the site conditions in the protection zone; At the same time, the fire alarm signal is sent to the
alarm host in the fire control center; When the smoke and temperature detectors in the gas
fire extinguishing protection zone alarm at the same time, the gas automatic fire extinguishing
controller starts the delay phase (0-30 seconds adiustable), the audible and visual alarm
alarms alarm and the linkage equipment Act (turn off the ventilation and air conditioning, etc.)
which is used to evacuate people. After the delay, the gas fire extinguishing system sprays
heptafluoropropane extinguishing agent to extinguish the fire and lights up the gas emission
indicator. At the same time, the gas emission signal is sent to the alarm host in the fire control
center.
Note: This design scheme is for reference only, mainly based on actual conditions.
4. Delivery and Commissioning
The containers will be shipped in FOB protocol to the site. Alternatively, with other intercom
protocols.
Engineering Process
TBD
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5. System Cost
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