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3.Assignment-3_Solution_Differential Equation

Solution 1: Dividing by 1  x2 1  y 2  , we get

dx dy
 0
1 x 1 y2
2

Integrating both sides gives; tan 1 x  tan 1 y  c

From the given condition
y  0   1 and tan 1 0  tan 1 1  c  c   / 4

Thus, tan 1 x  tan 1 y   / 4 .

Solution 2: Dividing both sides by  x2  1 y 2  1 , we have

x y
dx  2 dy  0
x 1
2
y 1
Integrating both sides gives

ln  x 2  1  ln  y 2  1  c
1 1
2 2
1
Writing ln A in place of c1 the above solution can be written in the form
2

x 2
 1 y 2  1  A

Using, y 1  2  1  1 4  1  A  A  10

Thus the required solution is  x2  1 y 2  1  10 .

M N
Solution 3: This equation is exact since  sec2 x  sec2 y 
y x

Hence there exists a function u  x, y  such that

u  x, y 
 sec2 x tan y (i)
x
u  x, y 
and  sec2 y tan x (ii)
y
Integrating equation (i) partially with respect to x we get
u  x, y   tan x  tan y  h  y  (iii)

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Differentiating it with respect to y , we obtain

u  x, y  dh  y 
 sec2 y  tan x  (iv)
y dy
From equations (ii) and (iv)
dh  y 
0  h  y   c0
dy

Thus, u  x, y   tan x tan y  c0

Hence the solution of the given differential equation is

u  x, y   c1  tan x tan y  c (where c1  c0  c )

Solution 4: The given differential equation can be written as

x 2 1  y  dy  y 2 1  x  dx  0

Dividing both sides by x 2 y 2 , we obtain

1 y
dy 
1  x  dx  0
2
y x2

 1 1  1 1
  2   dy   2   dx  0
y y x x
Integrating both sides gives
1 1 x x y
  ln y   ln x  c  ln  c
y x y xy
Solution 5: The given differential equation can be written as
dy 1   y / x 

dx 1   y / x 

Letting y  xv , we obtain

dv 1  v dv 1  v 1  v  v  v2
vx  x  v 
dx 1  v dx 1  v 1 v
1 v
dv    ln c   ln 1  2v  v 2   ln cx
dx 1

1  2v  v 2
x 2
1
 ln  ln cx
1  2v  v 
2

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1 1
 cx  1  2v  v 2 
1  2v  v 2 c x2
2

y y2 1 1
1  2  2  2 2  x 2  2 xy  y 2  k (where k  2 )
x x c x c
From the given condition y  0   0 , we obtain k  0

Thus, x 2  2 xy  y 2  0
Solution 6: This equation can be written as
dy y 2 y y 2  xy
  
dx x 2 x x2
This is a homogeneous differential equation. Letting y  xv

dv v 2  v dv dv dx
vx  x  v 2  2v  2 
dx 1 dx v  2v x
d dx 1  1 1 
   1 2
1

x
 ln c0  ln    ln c0 x
2  1 1 

Where we have used the fact that

1 ta v2 v2

1/ 2
dt
 t 2  a 2  2a ln  t  a   ln  v   ln c0 x 
v
 c02 x 2

y/ x2 y  2x
  c02 x 2   c02 x 2  y  2 x  cyx 2
y/x y

Where we have written, c02  c .

Solution 7: This is a linear differential equation with integrating factor

I  F  e
1dx
 e x , Hence, y  e x   e x cos xdx  c (I)

eax
Since,  eax cos bxdx   a cos bx  b sin bx 
a 2  b2
e x
Hence, y  e x    cos x  sin x  c
1  1
e x 1
   cos x  sin x   c  y    cos x  sin x   ce x
2 2

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1
From the given condition y  0  
2
1 1 sin x  cos x x
   ce0  c  1  y  e
2 2 2
dy 1 2
Solution 8: We can write,  y 2
dx x log x x
This is a linear differential equation but with integrating factor
1
 x log x dx 2
I F  e  log x , thus, y  log x   log x  dx  c
x2
 2 1 2 2 2
 y  log x  log x         dx  c   log x   c
 x x x x x
2 2 c
y  
x x log x log x
dy 1
Solution 9: 
dx x  y
dx
This is not a linear differential equation but when we write  x y
dy
dx
We obtain a linear differential equation x y
dy

I  F  e
 1 dy
 e y
Hence the solution is
xe y   e y  ydy  c

 xe y  y  e y     e y  dy  c   ye y  e y  c

 x    y  1  ce y

Solution 10: The given equation can be written as

dy 2x 1 x 1
 
dx x  x  1 x
2 x 1
 x x 1 dx
 x  x  1
ln x x 1
I F  e e

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x  x  1 x  1
Hence, yx  x  1   dx  c    x 2  1 dx  c0
x
x3 x2 1 c0 x3  3x  3c0
 yx  x  1   x  c0  y    y
3 3  x  1  x  1 x  x  1 3x  x  1

If we write c for 3c0 then

x3  3x  3c
y
3x  x  1

Solution 11: Letting v  y11/ 2  y1/ 2 , we obtain

dv 1 x 1
 v x
dx 2 1  x 2
2
This is a linear equation in dependent variable v and independent variable x .
x
 21 x2  dx
Hence, I  F  e .
In order to evaluate the above integral we write
1  2 x 
dx   ln 1  x 2 
x 1
 2 1  x 2  dx   
4 1  x 
2
4

Hence, I  F  1  x 2 
1/ 4

1 1  x 
2 1/ 4 1

Hence, v 1  x 
2 1/ 4 x
 dx  c   c
2 1  x 2 
1/ 4
4  1 1
4

 v 1  x
1  x  2 3/ 4
1  x 
2 3/ 4


2 1/ 4
  c v   
c
3 3 1  x 
2 1/ 4
1  x 
2 1/ 4

1
1  x 2   c 1  x 2 
1/ 4
Hence, y1/ 2  
3
Using the given initial condition
25
y  0 
9
5 1
  1  0   c 1  0   c  2
1/ 4
We obtain,
3 3

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1
1  x 2   2 1  x 2  .
1/ 4
Hence, y1/ 2  
3
Solution 12: This is Bernoulli’s differential equation. Hence letting v  y12  y 1 we obtain
dv v 1
  2
dx x x
This is linear differential equation in dependent variable v and independent variable x .
1
  x dx 1 1 1 1 
Hence, I  F  e  e  ln x   v      2  dx  c
x x x x 
1 1 1 1 1 1  2cx 2 2x
v  2 c v   cx    cx  y
x 2x 2x y 2x 2x 1  2cx 2

Using the given condition y 1  2 we obtain

2
2  1  2c  1  c  0
1  2c
Thus, y  2 x
dy
Solution 13: We know that the slope of tangent to any curve is .
dx
dy 2 x
Thus, 
dx y 2

 y dy  2 x dx  c
2

y3
  x2  c (I)
3
Putting the value of initial conditions

 3
3

  2   c  c  5
2

3
y3
 x 2  5  y   3x 2  15 
1/ 3
Thus,
3
Solution 14: The given differential equation can be written as
dy x tan y / x  y y y
  tan 
dx x x x
Putting, y  xv , we obtain

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dv dv dx
vx  tan v  v      ln c
dx tan v x

  cot v dv  ln cx  ln sin v  ln cx  sin v  cx

y
Thus, sin  cx  y  x sin 1 cx
x
Solution 15: The given differential equation can be written as
y
y  x sin 2
dy x

dx x
Assuming, y  xv we obtain
dv
vx  v  sin 2 v
dx
dv dx
2
    ln c   cos ec 2vdv   ln cx
sin v x
y
  cot v   ln cx  cot  ln cx
x

Given y  when x  1
4

 cot  ln c  1  ln c  c  e
4
y
Thus, cot  ln ex
x
Solution 16: M  2 y sin x  cos x  y 2 sin x

N  sin 2 x  2 y cos x
M
 2sin x  cos x  2 y sin x
y
N
 2sin x cos x  2 y sin x
x
Thus the given differential equation is exact. Hence there exists a function u  x, y  such

that

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u  x, y 
 2 y sin x cos x  y 2 sin x (I)
x
u  x, y 
and,  sin 2 x  2 y cos x (II)
y
Integrating equation (I) partially with respect to x .
 y cos 2 x
u  x, y    y 2 cos x  h  y  (III)
2
Differentiating equation (III) with respect to y , we obtain

u  x, y  cos 2 x dh  y 
  2 y cos x  (IV)
y 2 dy
From equation (II) and (IV)
cos 2 x dh  y 
  2 y cos x   sin 2 x  2 y cos x
2 dy

cos 2 x dh  y  1 cos 2 x
  2 y cos x     2 y cos x
2 dy 2 2

dh  y  1 y
 , h y 
dy 2 2
 y cos 2 x
u  x, y    y 2 cos x  y / 2  c0
2
 y cos 2 x y
 y 2 cos x   c0  c1
2 2
Since, y  0   3 , c1  9

 y cos 2 x y
Hence Solution ,  y 2 cos x   9
2 2
Solution 17: This equation is exact since
M N
  sec 2 x
y x
Hence the exists a function u  x, y  such that

u  x, y 
 y sec2 x  sec x tan x (I)
x

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u  x, y 
 tan x  2 y (II)
y
Integrating equation (I) partially with respect to x .
u  x, y   y tan x  sec x  h  y  (III)

Differentiating equation (III) with respect to y we obtain

u  x, y  dh  y 
 tan x  (IV)
y dy
From equations (II) and (IV)
dh  y 
 2 y  h  y   y 2  c0
dy

Hence, u  x, y   y tan x  sec x  y 2  c0

Hence the required solution is

y tan x  sec x  y 2  c0  c1  y tan x  sec x  y 2  c
Solution 18: This equation is exact since
M N 1
  2
y x x

Hence there exists a function u  x, y  such that

u  x, y  3 y
 (I)
x x2
u  x, y  y 2  2 x
 (II)
y xy 2
Hence using equation (I), we obtain
3 y
u  x, y      h  y  (III)
x x
Differentiating this equation with respect to y , we obtain

u  x, y  1 dh  y 
  (IV)
y x dy
From equations (II) and (IV)

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1 dh  y  1 2 dh  y  2 2
   2   2  h  y    c0
x dy x y dy y y
Hence the required solution is
3 y 2 3 y 2
    c0  c1      c
x x y x x y
Using the given initial condition
3 2 2
    cc  2
 1  1 2
Thus the required solution is
3 y 2
   2
x x y

Solution 19: Letting v  y1n  y1 3  y 4

We obtain
dv v dv 2
4  4x   v  4x
dx 2x dx x
This equation is a linear differential equation in dependent variable v and Independent
variable x .
2
 dx
Hence, I  F  e x  e 2ln x  x 2
Hence, vx 2   x 2  4 x  dx  c

 vx 2  x 4  c  v  x 2  cx 2  y 4  x 4  cx 2
Using the given condition
y 1  2

We obtain
16  1 c  c  15
Thus, y 4  x 4  15 x 2
Solution 20: This equation can be written as
dy y
  2 x5 y 4
dx x

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This is a Bernoulli’s differential equation.

Using, v  y1n  y14  y 3 we obtain

 v   3  2 x5    v  6 x 5
dv 3 dv 3
dx x dx x
This is a linear differential equation in dependent variable v and independent variable x .
3
Hence, I  F  e  x  e 3ln x  3
 dx 1
x

  3  6 x5  dx  c
1 1
Hence, v  3
x x
v
  2 x 3  c  v  2 x 6  cx3
x3
1
Since, v  we obtain
y3
1
3
 2x 6  cx3
y

Using the given condition y 1  1/ 2

1
 2c  c  6
1/ 2 
3

Thus the required solution is

1
3
 2 x 6  6 x3 .
y

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