2024 O/L SCIENCE

Guessed Questions
Part II – A
01. Summary of the questions that have existed in the past 8 years.

2016 O/L 2017 O/L 2018 O/L 2019 O/L

* Direct effect of the * Non-contagious * Energy loss * Energy
environmental diseases through management using
pollution graphs graphs (Biogas)
* Solid Waste * Persistent organic * Environmental * 4R Principle
pollutants pollution
* 4R Principle * Waste * Population growth * Heavy metal,
management curve Eutrophication,
photochemical smog
* Energy * Heavy metals
consumption
* Sustainable
agriculture (Organic
Fertilizer)
* Waste
management
* Food mile, carbon
footprint, water
footprint

2020 O/L 2021 O/L 2022 O/L 2023 O/L

* Environmental * Air and Water * Energy * Domestic air
pollution (Air pollution management using pollution
pollution) graphs
* NO2 composition * Soil pollution * C cycle * Micro plastics
through the chart. using graphs
* Global
warming

After studying the above information, it can be assumed that the following lessons may be
included in this year’s exam.
1. The technology of irrigation 5. Typical growth curve of population
2. Non-contagious diseases 6. Sustainable agriculture uses
3. Nitrogen cycle 7. Agrochemicals
4. Ecological pyramids 8. Energy crisis and Renewable energy
01.
(i) The diagram below shows how the element nitrogen is cycled.

Atmospheric Nitrogen (N2)

Y Animals

Dead remains of plants and animals

excretory products
Ammonification

NH4 + P Q R

NO2-
Nitrification

a. Name the three process known as P, Q, R.

…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….
b. What is the transformation that takes place in the process known as x?
…………………………………………………………………………………
c. As Which compound is the element nitrogen present in the y?
…………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) The diagram below shows a rough plan of a tank. A tank is created by damming a
stream or a river or a branch of a river. Sri Lankans are the first and only nation in
the world to manage tank water in an environmentally friendly manner.
 Head wall Out spi ll
River

Bisokotuwa
Tank
Tank bund
Sluice

Canal
Ralapanawa

a. Write one way in which a tank is constructed to withstand the pressure exerted
by the tank.
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………....
b. Write the function performed by the following part of the tank.
Parts of the tank Function

Bisokotuwa

Ralapanawa

c. Some lakes and reservoirs are constantly undergoing Eutrophication. Name

the two types of ions that are added to the reservoir through agrochemical that
affect Eutrophication.
………………………………………………………………………………
d. Build a food chain of 4 trophic levels including the organisms found in the
environment around the lake.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
e. Draw an energy pyramid related to the food chain built above.
 f. Name the following in that food chain.
a) Primary Producer → ………………………………
b) Primary consumer → ………………………………
c) Secondary consumer → ………………………………
d) Tertiary consumer → ………………………………
(iii) About 60% of deaths in Sri Lanka are due to non – contagious diseases.
a. What are the non – contagious diseases?
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Mention two non – contagious diseases that you know.
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………....
c.
“Currently, Maharagama Cancer Hospital admits nearly 80 new
patients daily. In 2023, the life expectancy of 33% of the child
population will be limited to 35 years.” (Article)

How should our meals be arranged to control this situation?

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

01.
A. Due to the good relationship between the environment and man, the ecological
balance as well as human existence is confirmed.
(i) The level of biological organization in the environment are given below
in order as a flow chart. Write a appropriate words in the blanks.

Population Ecosystem Biosphere

(ii) What are “Agrochemicals”?

…………………………………………………………………………..............
..............................................................................................................................
(iii) Agrochemicals can be classified as follows. Fill in the blanks.
1. ………………………………….
2. Pesticides
a. Herbicides (Weedicide)
b. …………………………..
c. ………………………….
 (iv) The growth curve below shows how the number of organisms of one pest
species changes over time.
Number of organisms

Time
[Link] is the number of organisms belonging to specific species living
in a unit area of a selected habitat is called as?
………………………………………………………………………..
[Link] a reason for the rapid increase in population growth during the
second stage of the growth curve.
…………………………………………………………………..........
[Link] the end of the fourth stage, if pesticides are applied to the pests,
then draw the changes in the growth curve of the population on the
same graph as above.
(v) The shape of a human population growth curve is different from the one
above. What shape does it take?
………………………………………………………………………………
(vi)Write two reasons why the human population growth curve is like above (v)
mentioned shape.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
B. For sustainable development, reducing the carbon footprint, reducing the food mile
and using sustainable agriculture play an important role.
(i) What is meant by reducing carbon footprint?
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Mention one step you can take to reduce food miles.
…………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Use of organic fertilizers can be introduced as a sustainable agricultural
practice.
[Link] one plant and animal material each that can be used to produce
organic fertilizers.
………………………………………………………………………….
[Link] explain how the composition of the soil is improved by using
organic fertilizers.
………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………
 C. An energy crisis can be created due to lack of supply to meet the high demand on
limited natural energy resources.
(i) What is the energy crisis?
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Name two main factors that cause energy crisis.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..
(iii)Remedies for energy crisis can be addressed by using energy consumption.
Name two sources of energy consumption.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(iv)Suggest a method that can reduce the impact on the environment due to the
use of energy resources.
………………………………………………………………………………...
(v) Name two international conventions that can be used for environmental
management and sustainable.
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….
D. Persistent organic pollutants have been identified as a group of challenging organic
chemicals that accumulate in the environment from various sources.
[Link] two characteristics that can be seen in them.
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
[Link] an effect caused by persistent organic pollutants.
…………………………………………………………………………..

02. Summary of the questions that have existed in the past 8 years.

2016 O/L 2017 O/L 2018 O/L 2019 O/L

* Classification of * Classifications of * Food digestion * Classification
invertebrates. vertebrates. through a chart. organisms through
the chart.
* Aerobic and * Experiment to * Classification of * The information
anaerobic show O2 is produced plants (Dicots and about the kingdom
respiration. during Monocots). Animalia.
photosynthesis.
* Experiment * Equation of * Experiment to * Experiment to
products of photosynthesis. show CO2 is show that light
respiration. required for energy is required
photosynthesis. for photosynthesis.
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* Functions of cell * Classifications of * Starch test in a * Experiment to
organelles. plants. leaf. show chloropyll is
required for
photosynthesis.
* Classification of * Action of the * Typical plant cell * Classification of
plant tissue. amylase on the created using vertebrates and
starch. electron invertebrates.
microscopic.
* Experiment to * Structure of plant * Gender * Human
show byproducts cell as seen from determination reproduction through
formed during electron microscope. (Punnett Square) the chart.
photosynthesis.
* Gender inherited
disorders

After studying the above information, it can be assumed that the following lessons may be
included in this year’s exam.
1. Kingdom Plantae, Protista, and Fungi.
2. Asexual reproduction methods in plants.
3. Protein and disaccharides test in food.

02.
A. The figure shows several underground stems classified according to their external
characteristics.

(i) What are the names of each of these underground stems?

…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Mention two functions performed by underground stems.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(iii)Apart from underground stems, leaves also help in vegetative propagation of
plants. Name two plants with leaves that perform vegetative propagation.
………………………………………………………………………………….
(iv)Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction. Write two
differences between sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………… ……
 (v) In grafting, which is a artificial method of vegetative propagation, What is the
name of,
a. The part of the plant that is attached to the soil.
…………………………………………………………………………..
b. Connecting twig or bud?
………………………………………………………..…………………
(vi)Write an advantage of grafting plants.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
B. In the classification of organisms, Organisms are divided into three domains. The
following are given as A, B and C to describe the basic characteristics of the three
domains.
Organisms made up of prokaryotic cells are found. A group of organisms
A
that are sensitive to antibiotics.
Organisms made up of prokaryotic cells are found. A group of organisms
B
that are resistant to antibiotics.
Organisms made up of eukaryotic cells are found. A group of organisms
C
that are resistant to antibiotics.
(i)
a. What are the three domains described by A, B and C?
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
b. To which domain do protozoa belong? ……………………………………..
(ii) Which of the letters A, B and C of the domain to which the kingdom plantae
belong? …………………………...........................................................................
(iii) The incomplete chart below shows how the Plantae kingdom is Kingdom
further classified. plantae
a. Name the classification level indicated by P.
……………………………………………… Flowering
b. plants P
Write two common characteristics seen in plants
of classification level Q.
Monocotyledonae
…………………………………………… plants Q
c. To which classification level P and Q does
the Cycas / Pinus plant belong?
……………………………………………………………………………..
C. The diagrams of several organisms that can be seen in the environment are shown
above.
 (i) Name the kingdoms to which organisms P and Q belong among the above
organisms………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Write the letter corresponding to the following characteristics in front of the
organisms.
a. Unicellular Organism ………………………………
b. Phototrophic Organism……………………………..
c. Organisms with cell walls made of chitin…………………………..
D. The following are the steps of an experiment carried out in laboratory.

a) Add a small amount of benedict solution.

b) Add sugar solution to the test tube.
c) Add a few drops of diluted Sulphuric acid.
d) Observe the color changes.
e) Heat the test tube using a water bath.
(i) Write the order in which this test is performed using the letters given.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) What is identified here? ………………………………………...
(iii) Write the expected color change. ………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..
(iv)Below are the steps in an experiment that can be done to identify the presence
of nitrogen in the biomolecules.
Adding more X Dropping a few drops of Y

Food
solution

a. Which can be taken as the food solution in step 1? ……………………

b. What is given as X in the step 2? ……………………………………..
c. What is given as Y in the step 3? ……………………………………..
d. What is the final observation of the experiment? ……………………...

03. Summary of the questions that have existed in the past 8 years.

2016 O/L 2017 O/L 2018 O/L 2019 O/L

* Mixtures * Based on periods 2 * Preparation of * Elements of period
(Homogeneous and and 3 of the periodic gases (O2, H2, CO2) 2 of the periodic
Heterogeneous table (element in the laboratory. table with (First
mixtures). locations, electro ionization energy,
configuration, electronegativity,
formulas and bonds, formulas, bonds).
Lewis structure, first
 ionization energy,
electronegativity).
* Solubility. * Preparation of O2 * Filling in the * Types of ionic
gas in the laboratory. blanks of several compounds.
elements in the
periodic table.
* Calculating the * Based on that * Hydrocarbons and
concentration. element (First derivatives.
ionization energy,
electronic
configuration,
formulas and bonds,
Amphoteric oxides).
* Intermolecular * Other compounds
bonds in water. that can be prepared
from CaCO3 (lime
liquid).
* Identifying CO2
gas.

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* Lattice structure * Inclusion of * Composition using * Distillation
- Atomic Lattice elements in the the dot and cross methods
(Diamond, periodic table using diagram. - Naming using
Graphite). the typical electronic - Atomic number diagrams
- The bonds that configuration. - Periods - Identification of
make up the lattice. - Groups equipments
- Properties of - Composition - Name the
lattices. formula distillation methods
- Types of bond used for separation.
* Elements and * Chemical formula * Identifying * Based on the
compounds of the above elements using position of several
- Nomenclature elements and electronegativity elements in the
- Formulas compounds. and first ionization periodic table.
- Electronegativity energy graphs. - Give examples
- First ionization when the
energy characteristics of the
- Acidity and element are given.
basicity of oxides.
* Naming the ions * Illustrating an * reaction of metal * Identify whether
and symbols ionic compound. with water. compounds formed
- With cold water. from several
 contained in the - With hot water. elements are ionic or
compound. covalent.
* Determining * Polarity and * Draw a dot and
whether a compound intermolecular cross diagram of a
is acidic or basic. forces of water. Beryllium Chloride
molecule.
* Complete the
charge and electron
diagram of calcium
oxide.

After studying the above information, it can be assumed that the following lessons may be
included in this year’s exam.
1. Identifying several elements using standard symbols;
a. Find the number of electrons, the number of protons and the number of
neutrons.
b. Write the electron configuration.
c. State the position in the periodic table.
d. Identify the element with the highest electronegativity and first ionization
energy.
e. Formulas and bonding nature of compounds formed by that elements.
2. Uses of non-metals
3. Preparation, collection, identification and uses of H2 gas.

03.
A. A few elements are written in standard form as below and these are not actual element
symbols. Give the answers using the same symbols.

1 4 12 14 14 23 24
1 𝑃 2 𝑄 6 𝑅 6 𝑆 7𝑇 11 𝑈 12 𝑉

(i). How many Neutrons in element T? ………………………………………………

(ii). How many Protons in element U? ………………………………………………..
(iii). How many electrons in element Q? ……………………………………………...
(iv). Write the electronic configuration of element V? ………………………………..
(v). Mention the groups and period of the element R in the periodic table.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
(vi). What are the elements that belong to the second period? ………………………..
(vii). State the formula of the compound formed with the element U with element O
and state its bond type. …………………………………………………………...
(viii). Graphically represent the bonds of the above (vii) mentioned compound.
 (ix). Name the types of ions contained in the above compound.
…………………………………………………………………………..………..
(x). Explain the similarity between R and S.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
(xi). The element R belongs to a metal or a non – metal. Write the reason why it is
named as such. …………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
(xii). State two uses of elements R. …………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………….
B. Below are the details of some elements belonging to the periodic table. These symbols are
not real symbols.

Element P Q R S T
Atomic Number 5 11 12 17 20
Mass Number 11 23 24 35 40
Answer using these symbols.

(i). State the number of electrons, protons and neutrons of the element P. ………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii).State the electron configuration of the element R. …………………………………….
(iii). State the position of the element S in the periodic table. ………………………………
(iv). Write the formula of the compound formed between R and S. ………………………..
C. The figure shows how a sample of H2 gas was prepared in the laboratory.
(i). Name the two substances X and Y.
X : ……………………………………
Y : ……………………………………
(ii). Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction
between X and Y.
……………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
Water
(iii). What is the method used to collect the gas produced?
….……………………………………………………
(iv). In addition to the above method, state another method by which this gas can be
collected.
……………………………………………………………………………………
(v). Write two properties of this gas? …………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
(vi). How to identify this gas? ………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………
 04. Summary of the questions that have existed in the past 8 years.

2016 O/L 2017 O/L 2018 O/L 2019 O/L

* Electromagnetic * Refraction of light. * Total internal * Ohm’s law
waves. reflection. demonstration.
* Ultrasound waves. * Electronic devices. * Expansion of gases *Moment of a force.
and liquids.
* Understanding of * Rectification * Methods of heat
mechanical waves circuit. transfer.
through graphs.
* Characteristics of * Calculating heat
sounds. using 𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐𝜃

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* Newton’s law of * Separation of * Equilibrium of * Demonstration of
motion velocity and forces. hydrostatic pressure
demonstration. acceleration in and atmospheric
motion. pressure.
* Calculating * Velocity – Time * Kinetic Energy *Wave properties
velocity. graphs. and Potential representing using
Energy. water wave
graphical
representation.
* Frictional force. * Newton’s Second * Velocity – Time * Observations seen
Law. graphs involving observed in water
friction. wave motion and
their causes.
* Factors affecting *Moment of a force.
friction.

After studying the above information, it can be assumed that the following lessons may be
included in this year’s exam.
1. Ohm’s Law demonstration.
2. An activity on Newton’s Third Law.
3. Moment and Couple of force.
4. Methods of heat transfer.
04.
[Link] is an incomplete circuit diagram prepared by students to test the relationship
between potential difference and current.
(i). What are the instruments used to measure the following
quantities?
Potential difference : ……………………………..
Current : …………………………………………..
(ii).Draw the standard symbols of the devices to be
connected between the PQ and XY terminals in the
circuit diagram.
(iii). What device is used in this circuit diagram to control the current?
........................................................................................................................................
(iv). What must be done to keep the temperature of the coil constant while taking
the reading?...................................................................................................................
(v). Write down Ohm’s Law………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(vi). Draw a sketch of the graph drawn between the
readings obtained by the current and potential
difference in this experiment on the axes below and
label the axes.
(vii). When the resistance of the device used to control
the current in the above circuit is set to 100 Ω and the
switch is opened the potential difference is 6V and the
current is 2A. calculate the resistance of the coil of wire
used in the circuit at that time.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
B. The figure shows a set – up for demonstrating Newton’s Law XY is tied horizontally
to the attach at both ends and the straw is attached to a balloon with sellotape.
(i). Fill in the blanks using the letter X and Y to make the idea correct.
a) When the balloon moves in the direction
… ......................... the air inside the balloon Straw Wire
moves in the direction………………….....
b) When the balloon moves, the action is in X P Y
the direction ................................... and the
Balloon
reaction is in the direction………………
(ii).The activity is used to explain which of Newton’s laws?
…………………………………………………………………………
 (iii). A balloon travels from X to P with uniform
velocity and from P to Y with a deceleration.
a) What is the unbalanced force on the balloon
as it travels from X to P?
…………………………………………
…………………………………………
b) The motion related to the balloon moving
from X to Y. Draw a rough Velocity – Time
graph.
C. The image shows a road block on a road. The load placed on it is 800N.
(i). What is the moment of the force produced by the load?
………………………………………………………………
(ii).Write an expression for the moment of the
force produced by the force P on the gate.
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
(iii). Find the value of P force from the above
statement. ……………………………………...
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
(iv). Suggest a way to reduce the force applied to the valve of P.
………………………………………………………………………………………
(v).
a. What is known as couple of forces? ………………………………………...
.........................................................................................................................
b. Write an example of a situation where is the couple of force is applied
………………………….……………………………………………………
D. Two cases of activity performed using a metal ring and a ball are shown in the
figure below.
(i). What is observed here?
…………………………… Metal ring
…………………………… Before
the heat Metal ball
…………………………… After the heat
……………………………
(ii).What can be concluded from this activity? …………………………………........
…………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii). Which part is heated in the above activity? ………………………………...….
(iv). Which method does not require medium for heat transfer? ……………………
(v).Which color of surfaces absorb the most radiant heat? …………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………….
(vi). Winds produce due to convection currents caused by the effect of heat.
a. Which winds are formed at night? …………………………………………………………..
b. What has a higher specific heat capacity between water and land?
…………………………………………………………………………..
 Part II – B
05. Summary of the questions that have existed in the past 8 years.

2016 O/L 2017 O/L 2018 O/L 2019 O/L

* Elements are * Components of the * Process of human * Naming the parts
consisting of the blood. reproduction – of the human heart.
biomolecules. Hormone
coordination through
the graphs.
* Food digestion. * Diseases * Process of after * Heart beat.
associated with fertilization.
blood circulatory
system.
* Human * Regulation of * Sexually *ECG chart.
reproduction. blood glucose level transmitted diseases.
in the human body.
* Sex determination *Plant grafting. * Nervous * Diseases
of human. coordination. associated with
blood circulatory
system.
* Human sex linked * Parts of a flower * Identify the animal * Cell division.
inherited disorders. and post fertilization and plant tissues.
changes.
* Inheritance –
identification of
homozygote and
heterozygote.
* Construction of F2
sensation using the
Punnett Square.

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* Human digestion * Respiration * Human digestion * Human Blood
system. system. system. circulatory system.
- Naming the parts. - Inhalation and - Naming the parts. - Double blood
- Food digestion. exhalation. - Food digestion and circulation.
- Parts of alveoli. absorption. - Blood vessels and
- Adaptation of - Associated their blood
alveoli. diseases. component explain
- Associated through the chart.
diseases.
 * Regulation of * Photosynthesis. * Blood *Muscle tissues are
blood glucose level - Energy - As a connective in human body.
using hormones. transformation. tissue. - Classification.
- Method of entering - Components and - Locations.
raw materials that their function. - A rough diagram.
affect
photosynthesis.
- Experiment to
show H2O is
required for
photosynthesis
* Excretion and * Function of the * Nervous system. * Classification of
urine filtration. collenchyma. - Coordination and plant tissue and their
Homeostasis. function.
- Structural unit.

After studying the above information, it can be assumed that the following lessons may be
included in this year’s exam.
1. Central nervous system and peripheral nervous coordination
2. Naming the nitrogenous excretory system, urine filtration and associated
diseases.
3. Sexual reproduction of plants.

05.
A. The figure shows an organ adapted to filter urine
found in the human nitrogenous
excretory system.
(i) What is the name of this organ?
(ii) Name the numbered parts in the figure.
(iii) What is the name of the fluid that filters from
part numbered 2 in the figure?
(iv) Mention one way in which the above mentioned
fluid is different from blood.
(v) Urine is an excretory fluid. What are known as excretory
products?
(vi) Name two other excretory substance other than urine.
B. Below is a diagram of the human nitrogenous excretory
system.
(i) Name the two blood vessels X and Y.
(ii) Name the a, b, c, d.
(iii) What is the name of the part that filters urine inside a?
(iv) Name the three process of where urine is filtered in the above
mentioned organs.
(v) Name two diseases associated to the urinary system.
C. The human nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system and
the peripheral nervous system. Among them, the central nervous system includes the
brain and the spinal cord. The human brain is divided into three parts. Below is a
diagram showing the external appearance of the human brain.
(i) Name the parts indicated as X, Y, z in the figure?
(ii) Perform high mental activities such as learning,
intelligence and thinking are controlled by which of
the parts X, Y, Z of the brain?
(iii) Write an action performed by Y.
(iv) The structural unit of nervous system is given below
and name its parts.

(v) Apart from nerves, hormones are also important to achieve body coordination.
What is the name of the glands that secrete hormones?
(vi) Which hormones are secreted by the following glands?
a) Adrenal gland
b) testicles
(vii) Name the hormone that helps maintain pregnancy and menstrual cycle in
women
D. A rough diagram showing the reflex arc of the human body is shown here. An
immediate and involuntary response to a stimulus without the voluntary intervention of
the brain is called a reflex action.

Spinal cord
Receptor

Effector

(i) How many pairs of cranial and spinal nerves are there in human?
(ii) Name a, b, c and d.
(iii) Name the areas x and y.
(iv) What is the fluid contained in d?
 (v) What is the five sensory organs of human?
(vi) Write the sequence of the path taken by an impulse from a receptor to the effectors.
(vii) Write an example of a cranial reflex action in human.
E. The flower shown in the figure is a longitudinal section.

Sepals

(i). Write two functions performed by the sepals of a flower.

(ii). Is this flower unisexual or bisexual?
(iii). Write the reason for your answer above.
(iv). Name the parts given in the figure.
(v). What is the gynoecium of a flower? What are its parts?
(vi). Explain the difference between self – pollination and cross – pollination.
(vii). Explain the difference between pollination and fertilization.
(viii). Name two post – fertilization changes in a flower.

06. Summary of the questions that have existed in the past 8 years.

2016 O/L 2017 O/L 2018 O/L 2019 O/L

* Industrial products * Polymers and * Polymers of * Separation of acids
(Salts, Na, Fe, HCl). monomers of rubber. and bases as, weak
organic compounds. and strong.
* Endothermic * Electrochemical * Balanced equation * Balanced equation
reaction energy cells and electrolytic for hydrocarbon for neutralization
diagram. cells. combustion. reaction related
calculations (Based
on moles).
* Calculation using * Methods for * Energy diagram * Mass percentage.
balanced chemical separating for the combustion
equations for iron components of a of propane.
extraction. mixture.
* Preparation of * Techniques for * Volatile separation
standard solutions. separating of components from
components of a mixture containing
mixture. components.
* Preparation of H2
gas in the laboratory
 (According to the
diagram).
* Collection of H2
gas and
identification.

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* Fractional * Uses of acid and * Introduction of * H2O2
distillation using bases. hydrocarbons. decomposition
distillation tower reaction using,
diagram. - MnO2 function.
- Calculation of the
rate of production of
collected O2 gas.
- Variation of the
rate of reaction with
time and cause.
- Identification of O2
gas and its
properties.
- Industrial uses of
O2 gas.
* Acid base reaction. * Preparation and * Alkanes. * Corrosion of iron,
calculation of - Essential factors.
standard solution. - Identification test
(Using Jelly
medium).

* Heat change * Fraction of * Energy diagram * Corrosion of iron

calculations distillation of crude for complete and its causes and
apparatus. oil. combustion of how to prevent.
octane.
* Calculating heat * Hydrocarbon *CO2 gas
exchange. polymerization. - Laboratory
preparation and
collection.
- Balanced chemical
equation.
- Physical properties
- Identification.
- Application.
 * Energy diagram * Balanced chemical
for acid – Base equation and energy
reaction. diagram for
complete
combustion of
ethene.

After studying the above information, it can be assumed that the following lessons may be
included in this year’s exam.
1. Determining the concentration of a solution and standard solution.
2. Energy diagram of an endothermic reaction.
3. Iron extraction
4. Electrochemical cells and electrolytic cells.
5. Solvent extraction.

06.
A. The following figures shows some of the equipment used to prepare a standard
solution using copper sulphate. (Cu = 64, S = 32, O = 16)

(i). Nama the instruments P, Q, R and S.

(ii). What is the mass of one mole of copper sulphate?
(iii). If 0.1 mol of copper sulphate is to be used to prepare the solution, what is the
mass of copper sulphate to be taken?
(iv). How to prepare 250cm3 of standard solution using the prescribed mass of
copper sulphate step by step?
(v). What is the concentration of the standard solution?
B. Below are two apparatus submitted for a laboratory demonstration.
(i). Identify and name cells 1 and 2?
(ii). State the observations made from of the cell 1.
(iii). Which strips are oxidized in the cell 1?
(iv). Name the R and S ions in the cell 2?
(v). State the anodic reaction of the cell 2?
(vi). Name another metallic electrode that can be used instead of the carbon strips
in the cell 2.
(vii). State what should be considered when selecting a electrode for cell 2.
 Zinc Carbon
Copper
strip Strips
strip

Liquid
Dilute Copper
Sulphuric sulphat
Cell 1 Cell 2
acid

C. A blast furnace used for the extraction of iron by oxidation of hematite is shown here.
(i). Name the two raw materials that are introduced from point A here.
(ii). From which point are hot air streams
introduced into the blast furnace?
(iii). There are several reactions in the blast
furnace that produce carbon dioxide
gas. State one of these reactions with
a balanced chemical equation.
(iv). The impurities in the one are removed
by the formation of precipitates.
Name a compound that is removed as
precipitates.
(v). What is the reason why precipitates
float on liquid iron?
(vi). The extraction of iron from hematite
is shown in the following reaction.
(Fe = 56, O = 16, C =12)

𝐹𝑒2𝑂3 + 3𝐶𝑂 → 2𝐹𝑒 + 3𝐶𝑂2

2240 g of iron can be produced by reacting 3500 g impure hematite with CO.
a) Find the mass of Fe2O3 reacted here.
b) Find the mass of the impurities in the slag.
D. Every chemical reaction that takes place involves a heat change.
(i). Define exothermic and endothermic reaction.
(ii). Below are two chemical reactions that can be carried out with lime stones.

𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3(𝑠) → 𝐶𝑎𝑂(𝑠) + 𝐶𝑂2(𝑔)

𝐶𝑎𝑂(𝑠) + 𝐻2𝑂(𝐿) → 𝐶𝑎(𝑂𝐻)2(𝑠)

 a. Classify the above two reactions according to exothermic and
endothermic.
b. Draw the energy diagram for the endothermic reaction you named.
E. An attempt to separate the components of a mixture is shown in the figure below.
(i). Name the equipment shown in the image.
(ii). What method is used in the figure to separate the
components?
(iii). The above apparatus contains aqueous iodine solution and
carbon tetrachloride solution.
a. Explain how to separate pure iodine using the
apparatus here.
b. What is the advantage of using carbon
tetrachloride solvent over iodine solution.

07. Summary of the questions that have existed in the past 8 years.

2016 O/L 2017 O/L 2018 O/L 2019 O/L

* Hydroelectric * Newton’s first * Calculation using * Refraction through
energy conversion. Law of motion. Newton’s First Law. a convex lens.
* Calculations * Calculation using * Friction – related * Drawing ray
related to Displacement – phenomena using a diagrams.
transformers. Time graphs. graph.
* Heating water by * Friction. * Measures to * Characteristics of
convection. reduce friction. reflections.
* Calculation of the * Calculation using * Calculation using * Calculation of
amount of heat Velocity – Time Newton’s Second rough focal length.
absorbed. graphs. Law (F = ma).
* Calculation of * Calculation of * Calculation of * Amount of
electrical energy momentum. work done. electrical energy
consumed and calculation.
calculation of
electrical units.
* Solar cells. * use of convex *Calculation of * Amount of
mirrors. moment electrical energy in
kWh.
* Methods to
increase moment.
 2020 O/L 2021 O/L 2022 O/L 2023 O/L
* Convex lenses. * Refraction by a * Convex lens. * Looking at a coin
- Refraction. block of glass. - Ray diagram. in water from above
- Replaceable - Characteristics of looking up, drawing
mirrors. reflection. ray diagram.
- Hand lenses.
* Conversion of * Total internal * Calculating * Total internal
Kinetic Energy. reflection. equivalent reflection.
- Use cases resistance. - Critical angle
- Refraction
representation at
critical angle.
- Applications
* Dynamo. * Calculation of * Using V = IR. * Calculation of
heat. electric energy.
- in kWh.
- Wasted electric
energy.
* Electromagnetic * Power. * Heat * Preventing a car
induction. - Calculation. accident.
- Heat transfer. - Calculation related
- Characteristics of to speed.
heating coil. - Calculation of
force using F = ma.
- calculation of
whether the accident
can be prevented.
* Heat transfer * Use of three – pin
methods. plugs

After studying the above information, it can be assumed that the following lessons may be
included in this year’s exam.
1. Reflection through plane mirrors.
2. Reflection through concave mirrors.
3. Home electrical circuit.
4. Transformers.
5. Electromagnetic induction.
07.
A. A point object O is placed in front of a plane mirror.
Point object
(i). Draw the ray diagram to find the locus of
reflection at O.
(ii). Mention three characteristics of reflection.
(iii). Name one of the two Laws of reflection.

B.

(i). Draw the correct path of reflected of the light rays in the above diagrams coming
to a concave mirror.
(ii). In order to obtain an upright virtual image from a concave mirror, the object must
be placed between the mirror and the focus.
a. Write any other characteristics in addition to the characteristics mentioned in
the above illustration.
b. Show in a ray diagram how the above image is formed.
C. As shown in the figure, two LEDs wrapped in 1000 pieces of twisted copper wire are
connected wire are connected in such a way that their anodes and cathodes are
switched. When the magnet was moved toward the coil, R LED lit up.
(i). Write which LED is lit in each of the
following situations.
a. When the magnet is moved away
from the coil,
b. When the field of the magnet is
switched and moved towards the coil,
(ii). Is the action produced direct current or
alternating current?
(iii). Explain it simple terms the difference between direct current and alternating
current.
(iv). State two factors that affect the magnitude of the induced electromotive force.
(v). Which law is used to determine the direction of induced current in a conductor?
(vi). Name any two devices made using the principle of electromagnetic induction.
(vii). A coil have 72 turns in the output coil of a transformer, how many turns should
be in the primary coil? (The input line voltage is 230v alternating current and
output line receives 6V alternating current).
 D. A home electrical diagram is shown below.

Electric Distribution
X Y Z
motor box

(i).
a. Name the devices X, Y and Z in the above diagram.
b. Which of the above elements belong to the customer unit?
(ii).
a. Name one function the device Y can performed for
the customer.
b. What is the maximum current allowed to flow
through the device Y?
c. What is the function of the device Z?
(iii). Here is an image of a plug socket. Name the letter of its terminals.

08. Summary of the questions that have existed in the past 8 years.

2016 O/L 2017 O/L 2018 O/L 2019 O/L

* Endocrine glands. * Mendel’s * Classifications of * Lining
- Hormones experiments about animals. characteristics.
inheritance. - Specific
- The inherited characteristics of
pattern of a vertebrates and
monohybrid cross Invertebrates.
using diagrams.
* Equilibrium of * Reasons why * Fungi * Define
force. marriage between photosynthesis.
blood relatives does
not take place.
* Moment of couple * Several electronic * Binomial * Flowering plants.
of forces. devices nomenclature. - Dicotyledonous
- Use of three – pin plants.
plugs. - Pollination
- Energy conversion
in electrical
equipment.
- Use of
electromagnetic
waves.
 - Calculations
related to power of
electrical appliances.
- Calculation of
electrical energy.
* Calculation using * Circuit notes * Build up a food
Velocity – Time - Parallel and series chain.
graphs. connections (bulbs)
- Calculation
Equipment
resistance.
- Application
V = IR.
* Eco-system
* Calculating
quantity of heat.
*Latent heat and
change of state of
matter.

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* Classification of * Plant pollination * Pollination * basic organic
animals. - Ways to prevent compounds that
- Vertebrates and self – pollination. build up the living
Invertebrates - Aerial layering matter.
* Food chains. * Vegetative * Arthropoda * Gene engineering
propagation. technology
- Tissue Culture
- Underground stems
- Grafting
( Characteristics of
shock)
* The standards of * Genetic * Characteristics of * Changes in
binominal information dicotyledonous resistance when
nomenclature. representation from plants. resistors are
Punnett square connected in parallel
(using garden pea and in series, using
plant) simple techniques.
* Hydrostatic * Fleming right hand * Vertebrates * Solving problems
pressure. rule - Amphibia related to electrical
energy and power
 * Upthrust * The action and * Energy * Connecting
application of the transformation. resistors in series
phenomenon when - Use of P = VI and parallel to
current flows - Environmental control the current as
through conductors friendly forms of required.
in magnets. energy.

After studying the above information, it can be assumed that the following lessons may be
included in this year’s exam.
1. Genetic disorders (sex – linked inherited genes and genetic mutations)
2. Temperature changes and latent heat (using graphs)
3. Electronic related sections.

08.
A. Currently, 2% to 3% of Sri Lankan’s population is confirmed to be carriers of
thalassemia. (Copied from a newspaper.)
(i). A couple waiting to get married in a Blood test revealed that one is a carrier
and the other one is completely healthy.
a. Will the children from the marriage between these two have the effect of
thalassemia or not?
b.
1. For thalassemia, taking the healthy gene as T, and the diseased gene as
t, shown in a diagram. How the genes of the children resulting from
the marriage between the two are inherited.
2. Give the reason for the answer with the note above.
(ii). Name two inherited diseases transmitted by a sex – linked recessive gene.
B. A figure shows a graph showing the temperature of solid wax as it is heated over time.
Temperature
Thermometer

Solid wax

Time

(i). Write the physical instances, where wax is present during the following periods.
a. Between A and B
b. Between B and C
c. Between C and D
(ii). Which time range does the chart represent the candle’s state change?
(iii). What is the name given to the amount of heat absorbed by the wax in cases B to
C?
C. The following is a diagram of an electronic device used to convert 230 V alternating
current into 6 V direct current.

i. What is the name of the process of converting alternating current into direct
current?
ii. Name A, B, C and D.
iii. What is the process taking place in A?
iv. Draw the wave form of D clearly.
v. What is the purpose of C?
vi. Write an element used to doped to make an n-type semiconductor.
vii. What is an LED bulb?
viii. Write the functions performed by a transistor.
D. A student designed a circuit that operates
during the day.
i. What are the names of the B, C and E
terminals of the transistor?
ii. What type of transistor is used in the
circuit?
iii. Flow does an LED go off when it is
dark?
iv. What is the name of the semiconductor element used to make an LED?
v. Another student said that more current flows through the LED than the current in
the base of a transistor, Do you agree with this? Give reasons.
 09. Summary of the questions that have existed in the past 8 years.

2016 O/L 2017 O/L 2018 O/L 2019 O/L

* Elements of the * Neutralization * Classification of * Electrolysis
periodic table Lewis -Balanced equation chemical reactions. (aqueous sodium
dot diagram (not true - Calculating heat - Write the balanced chloride and fused
symbols) change chemical equations. sodium chloride).
- Assumptions used
* Elements that can * Temperature * Location of * Electronics
produce H2 gas. Conversion activity series. (Customer call
- Kelvin into system).
Celsius.
*Metal reaction with * Methods of heat * Iron corrosion
water vapor. transfer. - Test related to
corrosion.
- Iron corrosion
reactions.
- uses of corrosion
* First Ionization *How sea breeze * Sound frequency
energy using graphs. form range
* Uses of optical *Measurement of * Characteristics of
instruments. atmospheric sound.
pressure.
* Drawing ray * Calculating * Mechanical waves
diagram for images hydrostatic pressure. - Sound waves.
formed by concave
mirrors.
* Optical fibers. * Determining the
- Total internal speed of the sound
reflection in the air.
* Instruments using * Way of change in
in total internal the speed of sound.
reflection.

2020 O/L 2021 O/L 2022 O/L 2023 O/L

* Electrochemical *Reaction of metals * Extraction of salt. *Exothermic and
and electrolytic with water and acid. Endothermic
cells. reaction.
- Give examples.
- Demonstrate
- Products.
- Neutralization.
 *Functioning of *Electrolysis of * Simple distillation * Acids, Bases and
electronic CuSO4 using carbon salts
instruments. electrodes. - Difference between
string acids and
weak acids.
- Applications
* Types of * Simple cells * Electrolysis of * Magnetic force
transformers. acidulated water. - Acting on a
-Identification. conductor carrying
-Related an electric current
calculations. placed in a magnetic
field.
- Factors affecting
the magnitude of the
force.
- Use of Fleming’s
left hand rule.
-Uses of
electromagnetic
force.
- Explain the
electromagnetic
induction
phenomenon.
* Voltage of * Transmission of * Activity related to * Difference
alternating current electromagnetic Archimedes between direct
with Time using a waves. principle. current and
graph alternating current.
* Full wave
rectification.

After studying the above information, it can be assumed that the following lessons may be
included in this year’s exam.
1. Activity series
2. Hydrocarbons
3. Rate of a reaction
4. Archimedes Principle
5. Calculation using motion graphs
09.
A. Paraffin wax is a fuel. Here is a diagram of an experiment conducted to identify the
products of burning paraffin wax.

U tube

Funnel

Sucker

Candle

Cool water

i. Write the energy transformation that occurs during the burning of wax.
ii. Mention a gaseous product and a non-gaseous product that are released during
the burning of wax.
iii.
a. What is the substance P?
b. What is the observation that can be made about substance P?
c. What are the substances that caused the above observation?
iv. What is the purpose of using a sucker?
v.
a. Name the substance Q.
b. What is the observation that can be made about substance Q?
c. What is the substance that caused the above observation?
vi. According to the results of this experiment, name the two main elements present
in paraffin wax.
B. There are several factors that affect the rate of a reaction.
i. What is meant by the rate of a reaction?
ii. Mention a factor related to the reaction that affects the rate of a reaction.
iii. Write two external factors that affect the rate of a reaction.
iv. An arrangement used to illustrate the factors that affect the rate of a chemical
reaction is shown below.

Liquid
Acidic
KMnO4

Warm water Water at 60°𝐶

Figure 1 Figure 2
 • Equal volumes of the KMnO4 solution are placed in three tubes a, b, c.
• Identical iron nails are placed in tube a and tube b.
• There are 3 thin iron nails in tube c and the mass of all three iron nails is equal to the
mass of the iron nail in tube a or tube b.
a. In figure 1, which of the solutions in tube a and b will become colorless
fastest?
b. Name two test tubes that can be used to show how the surface area of the
reactants affects the rate of the reaction.
C. Below is a note on the activity series and two parts of the periodic table that do not
have the proper symbols for the elements.

I II III IV V VI VII VIII

J
1 I K A metal which
2 A E F H Y L does not react
3 B D M with dilute acid
N and reacts with
4
O concentrated
P HNO3 to give
X off a brown gas.

(i).
How does the metallic nature change in the direction indicated by the X in arrow
of the periodic table.
(ii). What is the descending function of the activity series in the direction indicated by
the arrow in Y?
(iii). Write two elements in the periodic table that belong to the same period.
(iv). Also write the reason why the ease of removing an electron decreases or
increases when taken in the order A, E, F, H.
D. A fisherman is rowing a boat on the water and catching fish.

i. What is the law of physics that is useful

for rowing a boat?
ii. Write two factors that affect the amount
of water the boat is submerged in.
iii. If the volume of water the boat
displaced submerged in is 0.5 m3 when it is floating,
(The density of water is 1000 kg m-3, g =10 ms-2)
a. Find the weight of the volume of water displaced by the boat.
b. What is the upward thrust exerted by the water on the boat?
c. If the mass of the man is 80 kg, what is the weight of the boat and the liquid
in it, excluding the man?
iv. If the total volume of the boat is 3.0 m3, calculate the additional weight that can
be added to the boat to keep it afloat.
E. The above is a sphere of mass 50g placed on a compressed spring.
i. As soon as the iron rod P is removed, the sphere is thrown
vertically upwards. Write the energy conversion that occurs
there.
ii. The velocity-time graph of the motion of the sphere is
given below. Calculate the initial velocity (U) using the graph. (g=10 ms-2)
iii. What is the initial momentum of the sphere?
iv. What will be the velocity if the sphere falls vertically to the ground?
Velocity (ms-1)

0
4 Time (s)