Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The Enhance Basic Education Act of 2013 (Republic Act No.

10533), also known as the K-12 Programme, was put into effect in

2013. This act indicates that students should select their strands after

graduating from junior high school, as completion of senior high school

becomes a requirement for college admission. Students can focus on

courses and subjects that will help them transition to their college

courses or onto careers after graduation through three different tracks:

academic, technical-vocational-livelihood, and sports and arts.

Decision-making is the process whereby an individual, group or

organization reaches conclusions about what future actions to pursue

given a set of objectives and limits on available resources (Russo,

2019). The word 'decides' means to come to a conclusion or resolution

as to what one is expected to do at some later time (Drucker, 2021).

With Philippine K to 12 designed as a student-centered curriculum,

students are given the freedom to take on a more hands-on role in

choosing what they will learn. The Philippine educational system has

significantly changed recently, both in terms of how it is implemented

and how long it lasts. While the K to 12 program in the Philippines is

aimed to help improve the quality of education in the Philippines and

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produce better skilled students for maximum employability, K to 12

has also been bombarded with criticisms, mainly on the financial ability

of Filipinos to support their children through two additional years of

school. Under the current setup, two more years of school means

thousands more in expenses. And under the K to 12 Program, which

requires students to choose one of three SHS tracks in their

curriculum, things are about to get pricier (Mirror, 2022).

In choosing a senior academic track, a student should take a risk.

(Patalano, et. al, 2018). Making a correct career choice is one of the

major decisions of Grade 10 students in their academic and personal

life. Usually, they are at a tender age of 16-17 in which undecidability

is a common problem in terms of choosing a career. Many grade 10

students are conflicted about which course to pursue even before they

get at SHS due also to different factors. This prompted the researchers

to conduct a study on Factors Affecting the Decision- making of Grade

11 Students Of DSHS S.Y 2023-2024 in their choice of Senior High

School Track.

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

The following theories that are briefly discussed for the conduct

of the study.

The Choice Theory according to William Glasser as cited in

Charles (2008) states that fundamental premises of the school which

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explains that all people are allowed to develop their own creativeness.

That all people are curious about nature, that the most efficient and

knowledgeable in learning is started and pursued by the learner. It also

claimed in this theory that freedom is essential to the development of

their personal responsibility. According to this theory. development of

their knowledge, creativeness and talents will gives progress in their

reason to choose and it will give hint to what they want career in the

future. The choice theory is important in this study since this study is

explaining how people develops their talents, creativity and in learning

which gives their hint to the career tracks they want to pursue. It will

help them to know their tracks and they should take it seriously when

choosing their specialized tracks. In their learning's through their

developing talents and skills, they will have an idea on which way to

go.

Another theory is the Career Development Theory. According to

David Tandman said that this theory is career development of decision

making and self- development approach to career is responsible for

one's own behavior because each one has the capacity for choosing a

career. He referred to the evolving stage of self-in-situation from the

earliest awareness of self to point at which individual becomes capable

of evaluating experiences, and imagining future goals. This theory

states that when choosing career is when one's individual change their

courses because of external factors and changing aspirations can

3
affect choosing a track. According to that theory, a new decision must

be made that you need to be sure on choosing a track. Beginning with

exploration and eventually reaching integration. For obvious reasons,

this theory has something to do with choosing one's career and the

researcher's study has something to do with the preferred tracks of

Grade 10 that they need to know that their interested in. what they

really want and motivates them. They need to assess themselves to

know what their major is and explore their options and think about

their field of interests. The literature research revealed that the

following factors in a student's life have an impact on their plans,

judgements, and profession choice: gender, parental influence, and

peer influence. The goal of the study is to pinpoint the factors Affecting

the Decision-making of Grade 10 Students Of DNHS in their choice of

Senior High School Track.

4
 Senior High
Factors Result
School Track

Figure 1: This schematic Diagram shows the relationship of

variables of the study.

5
Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the Factors Affecting the Decision-

making of Grade 11 Students Of DSHS S.Y 2023-2024 in their choice of

Senior High School Track. Specifically it seeks to answer the following

questions:

1. What are the factors that affect the decision-making of Grade 11

male Students of DSHS in choosing Senior High School Strand?

2. What are the factors affects the decision-making of female Grade

11 Students of DSHS in choosing Senior High School Strand?

3. Is there any significant difference between the factor that most

affects the decision-making of Grade 11 male and Students of DSHS in

choosing Senior High School Strand?

Scope and Limitations

This study investigates the Factors Affecting the Decision-making

of Grade 11 Students in their choice of Senior High School Track. This

study will cover the factors which includes job opportunities, parental

influence, and financial stability. This study will include 50 females,

and 50 males respondents in Dumingag Senior High School.

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Significance of the Study

The study focus on explaining the factors affecting the choice of

incoming senior high school student in choosing a strand. This study

may be useful in understanding the context of students' variety of

experiences and what are the factors that they consider on choosing a

senior high school path. This may also provide them a career guide to

make them more effective, efficient, and fulfilled in the type of career

or path they are going to choose. Furthermore, it may strengthen or

enhance the career guidance and counseling services of the school

since it will help the students to make good career choices. Moreover,

the result of the study will be beneficial to the following:

Grade 11 Students. They will be able to identify the different factors

influencing their choice and enable them to adjust and strengthen their

minds.

Parents. The study's findings will assist respondent parents in feeling

more secure in guiding and supporting their child's interests. As a

result, it enables them to better guide their children's learning and

study practices. This will enable their offspring deal and adjust to the

challenges of high school life.

Teachers. The findings of our study will assist the teacher in providing

encouragement to think of ideas that will provide adequate direction to

the students. This may also improve their proficiency. In the event of

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selecting a strand in senior high school, this may serve as a facilitator

in enhancing the brains of students. This will also function as the

teacher's leading way to supervise the pupil.

Future researcher. The findings of this study will be used as a

reference material and a guide for future researchers who will do the

same study.

Definition of Terms

Factors - They refer to the entity that exerts influence over

something. On this study, it refers to the financial stability parental

influence, peer pressure, and the availability of opportunities .

Grade 11 – This refer to the first year of senior High School according

to Wikipedia. In the Philippines, Grade 11 students are mostly in the

range of 16 to 17 years old.

Parental Influence- They are defined as any opinion, attitude, or

actio n (other than direct tutoring) that somehow shapes or molds the

child’s reading attitudes (Nebor, 2019).

Senior High School- This refers to the additional 2 years in the K to

12 Basic Education. Prior to graduating Grade 10, they enter Senior

High School where students will choose tracks that is linked to their

future jobs.

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Tracks – They are the main subject in Senior High School which a

student chooses and subjects are proposed prior to the track that the

student chose.

Preferences refer to the choices of one individual over something. In

this study, preferences is what they want to choose in SHS.

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents a comprehensive review of relevant

quantitative research studies and literature related to the factors

influencing the decision-making process of Grade 10 students at DNHS

for the academic year 2023-2024 in selecting their senior high school

track at DSHS. The review encompasses various dimensions, including

socio-economic factors, academic performance, parental influence,

career aspirations, and information sources.

Related Literature

Socio-Economic Factors

Numerous studies have explored the impact of socio-economic

status on students' track choices. Socio-economic factors, such as

income and parents' educational background, have been identified as

determinants in decision-making (Smith et al., 2018). Research by

9
Jones (2019) highlighted a correlation between financial constraints

and the selection of vocational tracks.

Academic Performance

Academic performance is a critical factor influencing students'

choice of senior high school tracks. A study by Brown (2020) found a

positive relationship between academic achievements and the

likelihood of students choosing academic tracks over vocational ones.

However, this relationship can vary by individual student performance

and school context. Influence of Academic Performance on Track

Choice: Several studies have explored the relationship between the

academic performance of Grade 10 students and their choice of Senior

High School track. Research by Smith (2017) found that students with

higher academic achievements tend to opt for tracks with a stronger

focus on academics, while those with lower grades may choose

vocational or technical tracks

Parental Influence

Parental influence plays a significant role in students' decisions.

Research by Johnson and Smith (2017) revealed that parents'

occupation and level of education can affect their children's choices.

The study also pointed out that parental expectations can steer

students toward certain tracks.

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 Parental influence has been implicated in the career choice of

children (Roe 1987, Adigwe 1981, Okeke 1996, Gesinde 1986). Okeke

for example also studied the relationship between parental

occupations and their children’s occupational preferences. Okeke

found that 60% of the children were willing to take after their father’s

occupations (medicine) while 23% were willing to follow their mother’s

occupations (nursing). Gesinde on the other hand posits that parents

influence is much more intricate and more pervasive than is shown.

/Students of secondary and tertiary institutions are often not aware of

these influences and may accept the choice of their parents as theirs.

The situation owes its origin to early childhood when the child grabs his

parent’s attitude towards different vocations. A conflict therefore

occurs when the child submits to his parent’s choice while at the same

time deeply resenting his submissions as he becomes aware of his loss

of independence and finds his area of interest (Taylor, Harris, 2004) .

Families, parents and guardians in particular, play a significant

role in the occupational aspirations and career goal development of

their children. Without parental approval or support, students and

young adults are often reluctant to pursue—or even explore—diverse

career possibilities. Although parents acknowledge their role and

attempt to support the career development of their children, parental

messages contain an underlying message of “don’t make the same

mistakes that I did.” These interactions may influence adolescents and

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young adults to select specific collegiate majors or pursue particular

occupations.

Numerous studies (Knowles, 1998; Marjoribanks, 1997; Mau and

Bikos, 2000; Smith, 1991; Wilson and Wilson, 1992) have found that

college students and young adults cite parents as an important

influence on their choice of career. Yet parents may be unaware of the

influence they have on the career development and vocational choice

of their children. University career services of the University of North

Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNCChapel Hill) decided to survey parents of

incoming freshmen in order to learn more about parents’ beliefs

regarding their college-age children’s career choice and the influences

on that choice.

Researchers have attempted to understand the variables that

influence students’ occupational goals (e.g. family, level of parental

education, school, peers, personality, and socioeconomic status).

There have been varying opinions and findings, however, as to

which specific family characteristics influence career aspirations. For

instance, conflicting data exist regarding the influence of

socioeconomic variables. Some research (Crockett and Binghham,

2000; Mau and Bikos, 2000; Teachman and Paasch, 1998) suggests

that both parent education and income influence career aspirations,

whereas other research (Hossler and Stage, 1992; Sarigiani, Wilson,

12
Peterson, and Vicary, 1990; Wilson and Wilson, 1992) indicates only

parent education is an influence. Other family variables that have been

shown to influence career aspirations include the parents’ occupation

(Trice, 1991) and family size (Downey, 1995; Marjoribanks, 1986;

Schulenberg, Vondracek, and Croutter, 1984; Singh, et al., 1995).

The father’s occupational status is highly correlated with his

son’s occupation (Blau, 1992; Blau and Duncan, 1967; Conroy, 1997).

Family size also appears to influence adolescent career aspirations

because parents with large families tend to have less money to aid the

older children in attending college, while younger children may receive

more financial assistance since the financial strain is less once the

older children leave home (Schulenberg, et al., 1984).

Yet, in other studies (Boatwright, Ching, and Parr, 1992; Mau and

Bikos, 2000), each of these family variables has also been found to be

insignificant in influencing aspirations. Nevertheless, families appear to

influence, at least to some extent, career aspirations of adolescents

and young adults. If these family factors are influential in career

decision making, then it becomes difficult to explain how an

impoverished student from a broken home can go on to become a

wealthy, financially successful worker. As the paradigm of research

shifts, it becomes clear that family interactions are just as important as

physical descriptors.

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 Over the years, research has moved from examining family

demographics and their relationships to career development to

examining the dynamics of family interactions. One consistent finding

in research suggests that adolescents’ own aspirations are influenced

by their parents’ aspirations or expectations for them. When

adolescents perceive their parents to have high educational

expectations for them, adolescents are likely to have higher

aspirations for themselves. A 1998 Sylvan Learning Center report

indicates that parents’ and childrens’ views about career aspirations

are more compatible than incompatible. Parents are influential figures

with whom, whether intentionally or unintentionally, children become

aware of and get exposed to occupations or career opportunities and

implied expectations.

Other studies have separately examined the influences of each

parent on the career choices of their sons or daughters and have found

that mothers tend to have more influence on the career

decisions/aspirations of their children than fathers. For instance,

Mickelson and Velasco (1998) cited their interviews conducted with 70

young adults in 1986. They found that mothers were the most

influential and that daughters’ occupational aspirations were often

similar to their mothers’ chosen professions (Mickelson and Velasco,

1998). In similar studies, students were asked items such as, “What do

you want to do with your life?” and to indicate if they agree or disagree

14
with statements such as “My mother (father) encouraged me to make

my own decisions.” The students’ responses were similar to those of

their parents. These studies also found that students wanted to discuss

career planning primarily with their mothers. Overall, research

supports the influence of parental expectations and aspirations on the

career decisions and aspirations of their children. These expectations

lay a foundation for parents’ behaviors and interactions with their

children, which then indirectly or directly influence choices they make

in the future.

Career Aspirations

A student's career aspirations are central to their track choice.

Studies by White (2018) and Garcia (2016) have shown that students

with clear career goals tend to choose tracks aligned with their

interests.

Mudhovozi and Chireshe (2012) emphasized that the issue of

career choice and aspirations of students can be a nightmare if

students do not receive career counselling and support from the family

(parents) and peers. This study found that the family is a significant

factor in determining children’s career choice; the ability of the learner

self to identify his/her preferred career choice; and teachers influence

15
career choice of their learners. These findings are consistent with the

findings of other studies that have examined the influences of each

parent on the career choices of their sons or daughters and have found

that mothers tend to have more influence on the career

decisions/aspirations of their children than fathers and found that

mothers were the most influential and that daughters’ occupational

aspirations were often similar to their mothers’ chosen professions.

According to Hewitt (2010), factors influencing career choice can

either be intrinsic or extrinsic or both. Hewitt further states that most

people are influenced by careers that their parents favor, others follow

the careers that their educational choices have opened for them, some

choose to follow their passion regardless of how much or little it will

make them while others choose the careers that give high income.

Students’ perception of being suitable for particular jobs also has been

found to be influenced by a number of factors including ethnic

background, year in school, level of achievement, choice of science

subjects, attitudes and differences in job characteristics. One

consistent finding in research suggests that adolescents’ own

aspirations are influenced by their parent’s aspirations or expectations.

The study of Fizer (2013) revealed that family and friends are

considered to be an influential part of students’ choice of major.

Parents with an agriculture background most often have an impact in

where students go to college. Family role models have more of an

16
influence on what students major in. There are many people in a

student’s life who can influence their career decisions. Most of the

time, parents and friends play a large role, but coaches and teachers

can also have a huge impact 10 on a student’s life. Teachers and

coaches can help a student to do better in school, to get into college or

to get on a better path. The impact that these adults have on young

students can have a major influence on their career path.

The purpose of the study of Edwards et al. (2011) was to

examine factors influencing career choice among from four secondary

school students in Kisumu municipality, Kenya. The study was

conducted using descriptive survey design with a population of 332

students. The data for this study was collected using questionnaire and

interview schedules. The findings of this study indicate that availability

of advancement opportunities and learning experiences are the most

influential factors affecting career choices among students. While

males reported learning experiences and career flexibility as the most

influential factors, females however reported availability of

advancement opportunity and opportunity to apply skills as the most

influential factors. However, no variance was reported for persons

influencing career choice by gender. Career choice is a complex

decision for students since it determines the kind of profession that

they intend to pursue in life.

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 The study of Japitan et al. (2015) aims to determine the factors

that affect the senior high school track preferences of the Grade 9

students of Don Bosco Technology Center of Academic Year 2014-

2015. This study utilizes descriptive method of research to determine

the factors. It would see if dependent variables relating to personality,

family/relatives, interests and job opportunities were significant factors

influencing the track preferences of the respondents. The descriptive

research used quantitative methods to assess the feedback from the

respondents. The study revealed that grade 9 students of Don Bosco

Technology Center are of ages 15-16 whose parents are college

graduates, majority of them having white collar jobs while a

considerable number having a bluecollar job and or staying at home as

housewives. Majority of the students belong to families with high

socioeconomic status. Majority of the students would pursue a career

in Engineering and influenced by personality, interest and job

opportunities in choosing their track preference.

The study of Español (2014) on the Career Plans of the

Graduating Students of the College of Business Administration,

emphasized that Career planning is one of the highly thought of

activity of the students and getting into the best position in the society

is their main objective. In attaining this goal, one has to consider

factors and these include determining job preferences and the reasons

for these preferences, the types of organizations where the graduates

18
will be planning to apply and its justification, the factors considered in

applying for jobs, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the of the

business administration students. This study utilized content analysis

and data are presented in simple percentage and ranking. It is likewise

found out that business administration graduates plan to become

management trainees in finance and entrepreneurship, and to become

new accounts personnel; graduates consider interest, availability or job

openings, and the compensation package; and the organization’s

provision for the employees’ career advancement; graduating

students’ strengths include inclination for hard work, ability to work

with minimum supervision, trustworthiness, determination to succeed,

computer literacy, commitment to the profession, selfconfidence,

ability to comply with the rules, honesty, and determination; and

weaknesses include lack of communication skills, lack of mastery of

the major field of specialization, lack of exposure to people, and

insufficient knowledge of office routine.

Gender as a Determining Factor:

Gender can play a significant role in track selection. A study by

Johnson (2017) indicated that gender stereotypes and societal

expectations can influence students' decisions. For example, males

might lean towards STEM-related tracks, while females may choose

tracks perceived as more suited to their gender.

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Socioeconomic Status and Access to Choices:

Socioeconomic status has been identified as a crucial factor in

the decision-making process. Research by Brown (2017) demonstrated

that students from different socioeconomic backgrounds may have

varying levels of access to information and resources, which can

impact their choice of Senior High School track. Influence of

Information Sources: The sources of information and guidance

available to Grade 10 students are instrumental in their decision-

making. Studies by Gomez (2017) highlighted that information from

parents, teachers, career counselors, and peers can significantly shape

students' perceptions and choices regarding their Senior High School

tracks.

Related Studies

Financial Status, Parents Influence, Peer Influence and Self-

Choice of Students in Selection of Strand in The Senior High

School

Selecting a strand to be taken in senior high is a crucial decision for

students’, because their futures inclined with it (Ohayas, 2019). With

the help of their parents and peers also considering their

financial status and chosen careers, students come up a firm decision

20
on what strand should they take (Moneva, 2019). Parents play

significant role for their child in selecting a strand because of two

reasons: one is because they are the one who provide the financial for

tuition fee and other expenses for their child, second is because they

can dictate or influence their child on what strand should they take on

(Tortor, 2021). When students consider their financial status, they also

considered their financial capability that they have, and by this, they

choose a strand that suit on the range of their financial capability.

Parental Influence on Choosing the Career Path of Incoming

Grade 11 Students

The parents’ profession, educational background, and career ideal

serve as a guide, support, and motivation for them (Ruiz,2019). In

making decision about their course it always involve their parent’s

decision too. Because they send them to school, they must consult

them about their decision in taking college course. Sometimes when

they make decision it will conflict with them. Also they took the course

for reason that influence by others or by someone that asked to take

the degree. (Hipona, 2021).

Facing A New Chapter: Factors Affecting The Senior High

School Career Preference of Grade 11 Students

Senior High School is a new phase of a student’s life where they will

be given a chance to select careers or tracks, strands and

21
specializations to hone their skills in preparation for college. Thus, it is

important that students wisely choose a career that can be of great

benefit for them. However, during this process, their decisions are

influenced by several factors, which could in the form of peer pressure

or financial support (Diestro,2019).

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

OF SCC IN THEIR CHOICE OF STRAND

A career choice is important because it determines your success in

the next stages of your life. One of the tasks of high school students is

to explore and plan for their postsecondary career options. High school

students are at the exploration stage of career development. Many

factors affect career choices of high school students (Anuada, 2019).

Opportunity may influence how student perceived their future in terms

of the reasonable probability of a future in a particular field

(McQuerrey,2006).

Senior High School Strands: Factors Affecting the Students’

Preference

In an article by Law Insider, “job opportunities” refer to one or more

recruitment occupations for full-time employment with the applicant’s

22
employer within the specific area where the employer is looking for a

worker or within the area of intended employment. This factor can be

interpreted as a very influential factor in terms of deciding on a future

senior high school strand (Martinez, 2022).

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology use in the study. To be

discussed here the the Research design, research locale, The

23
respondents of the study, instrument used, data gathering procedures,

and statistical data treatment.

Research Design

The quantitative design will be employed by the researchers. A

methodical approach to conducting research that concentrates on

questions that can be assessed and quantified is called quantitative

research design. It involved numerical data, which is simple and quick

to examine. The researchers will be quantifying the rating of the

respondents on what level does the certain factors influence their

decision making when it comes to choosing a strand or track.

Research Locale

This study will be conducted in Lower Landing Dumingag

Zamboanga del sur with a total land area of 11,927 square meter. The

school have a total population of 1,056 students enrolled in school year

2023-2024.

Research Respondents

There are 100 students enrolled in the 11th grade at Dumingag

Senior High School will participate in this research project as

respondents. Only ten students from each section will be selected.

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Data Gathering Procedures

In order to let the principal know that we are conducting a

research study on their campus at Dumingag Senior High School, the

researchers will seek for permission. The respondents will then be

asked by the researchers if they would like to participate in our study.

On the agreed visitation schedule, the researcher will personally

perform the survey gathering. The researchers will employ a random

sampling technique while adhering to the fundamental protocols for

collecting data. After the survey process takes place, we will gather

them and interpret.

Research Instruments

An organized survey questionnaire is the primary tool us that

researchers will use in this investigation. For the purpose of conducting

the survey, the questionnaires will be printed. The survey

questionnaire consists of items with a scoring scale. The inquiry

centered on the potential factors that could influence a student on

his/her choice of strand in senior high school .

Data Statistical Treatment

In order to determine the factors under investigation, the

researchers will utilise the mean scores obtained from the

25
questionnaires completed by grade 11 pupils. T-test is a statistic used

to assess whether there is a significant difference between the means

of 2 groups .In this study the researchers will get the mean percentage

score of the ratings of the respondents and will use T-test.

Scoring Guide

Scale Range Verbal

Interpretation

4 3.25 – 4.00 Strongly Agree(SA)

3 2.50 – 3.24 Agree(A)

2 1.75 – 2.49 Disagree(DA)

1 1.00 – 1.74 Strongly Disagree

(SDA)

T_test Formula:

References

26
Santiago, A., Caspillan, J., Valdez, J., Tamayo, F., Meneses, M. (2018). Factors

Affecting The Decision-making of Grade 11 Students In Their Choice Of

Senior Highschool Track

Malaguial, P., Gacoscos, G., Martinez, E., Abusama, H., Valdez, A. (2023).

Senior Highschool Strands: Factors Affecting The Student’s Preference

Moneva, J. C. (2019) Students, Peer Pressure and Their Academic

Performance in School

Cervera, M., Divino, D., Verjom, S. (2018). Factors Affecting Grade 10

Students in Choosing Their Preferred Tracks for Senior High School

27
 Chapter 4
Results and Discussion

This chapter presents the data that were computed, analyzed, and

interpreted to provide better understanding and information of the

factors affecting the decision-making of grade 11 students of DSHS on

their choice of senior high school track.

Problem 1. What are the factors affecting the decision making

of grade 11 male students of DSHS in their choice of senior

high school track ?

Table 1. Factors affecting the decision making of grade 11 male

students of DSHS in their choice of senior highschool track

Statement Mean Verbal

Interpretation

1 2.64 Agree

2 2.98 Agree

3 3.12 Agree

4 2.88 Agree

5 3.06 Agree

6 2.6 Agree

7 2.4 Disagree

8 2.54 Agree

9 2.82 Agree

10 2.88 Agree

28
 11 3.12 Agree

12 2.7 Agree

13 2.72 Agree

14 3.08 Agree

15 2.32 Disagree

Over-all mean 2.79 Agree

As shown on table 1, the factor affecting the decision making of

grade 11 male students in their choice of senior high school track the

most is Parental influence with a total mean score of 2.93 in verbal

interpretation. It indicates ‘agree’. The second factor that affects the

males decision making the most is the job opportunity which have a

mean of 2.78. The very last is the peer pressure that result 2.64.

Discussion:

Reflecting on chapter 2 According to Hewitt (2010), factors

influencing career choice can either be intrinsic or extrinsic or both .

Numerous studies (Knowles, 1998; Marjoribanks, 1997; Mau and Bikos,

2000; Smith, 1991; Wilson and Wilson, 1992) have found that college

students and young adults cite parents as an important influence on

their choice of career. Yet parents may be unaware of the influence

they have on the career development and vocational choice of their

children. The study of Edwards et al. (2011) that aimed to examine

29
 factors influencing career choice among from four secondary school

students in Kisumu municipality came up with findings that indicate

that the availability of advancement opportunities and learning

experiences are the influential factors affecting career choices among

students. Lastly, The study of Fizer (2013) revealed that friends are

considered to be an influential part of students’ choice of major.

Problem 2. What are the factors affecting the decision making of

grade 11 female students of DSHS in choosing senior high school

strand?

Table 2. The factors affecting the decision making of grade 11 female

students of DSHS in choosing senior high school strand?

Statement Mean Verbal

Interpretation

1 2.54 Agree

2 2.92 Agree

3 3.24 Agree

4 2.84 Agree

5 2.84 Agree

6 2.58 Agree

7 2.16 Disagree

8 2.62 Agree

9 2.94 Agree

30
 10 3.1 Agree

11 3.3 Agree

12 3.26 Agree

13 2.92 Agree

14 2.08 Disagree

15 2.54 Agree

Over-all mean 2.82 Agree

Parents guidance exerts effects on the learning achievement of

an adolescent. It shows that the total result of the survey have an

overall mean 1.32 which is greater than the male’s constant overall

mean. On table 2 it is shown that the factor that affects female

student’s decision making the most is the Parental Influence. The

factor have an overall mean of 2.87. Job opportunities ranked second

with a mean of 2.82. The very least that affect female’s choice on

choosing a strand is the peer pressure. The factor Peer Pressure only

had an overall mean of 2.62 showcasing an obvious difference from

the first two factors.

Discussion:

Research by Johnson and Smith (2017) revealed that parents’

occupation and level of education can affect their children’s choices.

The study also pointed out that parental expectations can steer

31
 students toward certain tracks. Students of secondary and tertiary

institutions are often not aware of these influences and may accept the

choice of their parents as theirs. The situation owes its origin to early

childhood when the child grabs his parent’s attitude towards different

vocations. A conflict therefore occurs when the child submits to his

parent’s choice while at the same time deeply resenting his

submissions as he becomes aware of his loss of independence and

finds his area of interest (Taylor, Harris, 2004) . Other researchers also

have attempted to understand the variables that influence students’

occupational goals (e.g. family, level of parental education, school,

peers, personality, and socioeconomic status). There have been

varying opinions and findings, however, as to which specific family

characteristics influence career aspirations. For instance, conflicting

data exist regarding the influence of socioeconomic variables. Some

research (Crockett and Binghham, 2000; Mau and Bikos, 2000;

Teachman and Paasch, 1998) suggests that both parent education and

income influence career aspirations.

Problem 3. Is there any significant difference between the factor

that most affect the decision making of grade 11 male and

female students of DSHS in choosing senior high school strand?

32
Table 3. The significant difference of the factors affecting the Grade 11

students of DSHS in choosing their preferred tracks for senior high school

between the male and female.

P-value LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE

.98 There is no significant difference

The table shows the result of the survey conducted by the

researchers at Dumingag Senior High School regarding about the

factors affecting in choosing track. The table above presented the

comparison between the mean score of the male which is 2.79

between the mean score of the female which is 2.82. The female have

higher mean than of the male and both mean scores are under the

verbal interpretation of ‘agree'. The p-value indicated above, is used in

determining the decision. Since the p-value is 0.98, then there is no

significant difference between the factors affecting female grade 11

students and male grade 11 students in their preferred track on senior

high school.

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 Chapter 5

Summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions, and

recommendations drawn by the researchers from the results of the

study.

Summary Findings

This study highlighted various factors influencing the decision-

making process of Grade 11 students in choosing their senior high

school strands. These factors may include parental influence, peer

pressure, and job opportunities . Influence of Parents: Parents play as

an important influence on their choice of career. Yet there might

instances where parents may be unaware of the influence they have

on the career choice of their children . Impact of Peer Pressure: Peer

pressure was identified as a significant factor affecting students'

decisions, potentially influencing their choice of senior high school

strands. Job Opportunity: The study suggested that extrinsic factor like

34
 job opportunity also play a role in their decision-making process, as

income, job hirings, may influence their choice of senior high school

tracks.

The following were the findings of the study:

1. In Part 1 of the survey, it was observed that parental influence is the

leading factor that affects the male population of 11 th grader , in

Dumingag Senior Highschool the most.

2. In part 2 , it was observed that Peer pressure is the least factor that

have an impact on the choices of female students.

3. The table above presented the comparison between the mean score of

the male which is 2.79 between the mean score of the female which is

2.82. The female have higher mean than of the male and both mean

scores are under the verbal interpretation of ‘agree’. Since the p-value

is 0.98, then there is no significant difference between the factors

affecting female grade 11 students and male grade 11 students in

their preferred track on senior high school.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the decision-making

process of Grade 11 students in selecting their senior high school strands

is influenced by a combination of parental influence factors, peer

pressure, academic performance, and career aspirations. Understanding

35
 these factors is crucial in assisting students in making informed decisions

that align with their interests and future goals.

Recommendations:

Grade 11 Students. They will be able to identify the different factors

influencing their choice and enable them to adjust and strengthen their

minds.

Parents. The study's findings will assist respondent parents in feeling more

secure in guiding and supporting their child's interests. As a result, it

enables them to better guide their children's learning and study

practices. This will enable their offspring deal and adjust to the

challenges of high school life.

Teachers. The findings of our study will assist the teacher in providing

encouragement to think of ideas that will provide adequate direction to

the students. This may also improve their proficiency. In the event of

selecting a strand in senior high school, this may serve as a facilitator

in enhancing the brains of students. This will also function as the

teacher's leading way to supervise the pupil.

Future researcher. The findings of this study will be used as a reference

material and a guide for future researchers who will do the same

study.

36
References

Santiago, A., Caspillan, J., Valdez, J., Tamayo, F., Meneses, M. (2018). Factors

Affecting The Decision-making of Grade 11 Students In Their Choice Of

Senior Highschool Track.

Malaguial, P., Gacoscos, G., Martinez, E., Abusama, H., Valdez, A. (2023).

Senior Highschool Strands: Factors Affecting The Student’s Preference.

Moneva, J. C. (2019). Students, Peer Pressure and Their Academic

Performance in School.

Cervera, M., Divino, D., Verjom, S. (2018). Factors Affecting Grade 10

Students in Choosing Their Preferred Tracks for Senior High School

Track

37
38
 Appendix A

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region lX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Divison of Zamboanga del Sur
Dumingag Senior High School
Lower Landing, Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur

March 6, 2024

Ma’am Josephine Hangad

School Principal
Dumingag Senior High School

Dear Ma’am:

We, the undersigned are currently working on a research study entitled

“FACTORS AFFECTING THE DECISION-MAKING OF GRADE 11
STUDENTS OF DSHS IN THEIR CHOICE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
TRACK”. The completion of this research is one of the requirements in
Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersions.

Therefore, we would like to request your good office to allow us to

conduct a survey in order to collect data we need to finish this study.
We can guarantee that all information gathered will be kept
confidentiality.

Your response is greatly appreciated. We are hoping for your kind

approval and support regarding this matter. Thank you very much!

Very Respectfully yours,

EGARLE, GILLAN TAATA, CRISTEN

DEMEGILLO, RAYMOND BIENES, REYNANTE
ANTUBO, MARISA OCULARES, ABEGAIL
SALCEDO, JENELYN

Noted: Approved by:

AL NIÑO DUERME, JOSEPHINE L. HANGAD

Research Teacher School Principal

39
 APPENDIX B
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear respondent,

We are currently conducting a study entitled “FACTORS

AFFECTING THE DECISION-MAKING OF GRADE 11 STUDENTS OF DSHS
IN THEIR CHOICE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TRACK”. This survey
ensures your full confidentiality so it is optional to put your name in the
given space. Please answer TRUTHFULLY as the data gathered in this
survey will be important for our research.

Name: Gender:

Section: Strand:

Age:

Direction: Only put a check mark inside the accurate number according

to what rate does the certain factor impact your choice in your SHS

track.

1 2 3 4
Statements: (Strongl (Disa (Agre (Strong
y gree) e) ly
disagre agree)
e)
I pursued my track for it is
aligned with the same
career that my parents
took.
I choose my track
depending on the
preference made by my
parents since they will
provide for my expenses.
I always try to make my
parents proud of me that’s

40
 why I chose my
strand/track.
I relied on my parents who
are the ones responsible for
choosing a career for me
since they may know what
is the best for me.

I receive advice from my

parents on every decision I
make.

I depended on my peer for

decision making.
I’m afraid to be left out by
my friends that’s why I
chose my strand
strand/track.
I took my friends in
choosing track/strand.
I’m hoping that my friends
will acknowledge me if I
choose the same strand
with them.
I share thoughts and
opinions with my friends in
choosing strands.

I choose a strand that is

related to an in-demand
job.
I choose my strand for it
offers jobs upon graduation.
I choose my strand for it
has high salary
expectation.
I prefer my strand due on
its employability and
stability.
I am fully aware of the
opportunities that surround
the track.

41
 APPENDIX C
Documentation

42
43
 RESEARCHER’S PROFILE

Name: Raymond N. Demegillo

Date of Birth: Nov 7, 2004
Home Address: Maralag, Dumingag, ZDS
Citizenship: Filipino

Name: Mariza Antubo

Date of Birth: Aug 03, 2006
Home Address: Labangon, Dumingag, ZDS
Citizenship: Filipino

Name: Gillan Joyce C. Egarle

Date of Birth: Feb. 11, 2006
Home Address: Manlabay Dumingag, ZDS
Citizenship: Filipino

44
Name: Abegail Ramirez Oculares
Date of Birth: Oct 03, 2006
Home Address: Lower Timonan, Dumingag, ZDS
Citizenship: Filipino

Name: Christen Taata

Date of Birth: October 02, 2005
Home Address: Sinonok, Dumingag, ZDS
Citizenship: Filipino

Name: Jenelyn Salcedo

Date of Birth: Jan 25, 1995
Home Address: Manlabay, Dumingag, ZDS
Citizenship: Filipino

45
Name: Arvie Bienes
Date of Birth: Nov 16, 2001
Home Address: Sinonok, Dumingag, ZDS
Citizenship: Filipino

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT

GRADE 12 ZAMORA
S.Y 2023-2024

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