English

BOOKLET
LEVEL
A1 A2

SECONDARY
STUDENTS GRAMMAR
VOCABULARY
READING COMPREHENSION
EXERCISES
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Simple Present: Simple Present

The simple present tense is used to express general truths, habitual actions, and routines in English. It
describes actions or states that are true in the present time. In this explanation, we will explore the
usage of the simple present tense and provide examples to illustrate its application.
Form:
The simple present tense is typically formed using the base form of the verb (infinitive) with the
addition of "-s" or "-es" for third-person singular subjects (he, she, it).
Affirmative: Subject + base verb (+s/es for third person)
Negative: Subject + do/does not + base verb
Interrogative: Do/Does + subject + base verb?
Examples:
Affirmative:
She sings beautifully.
They eat lunch at noon.
The sun rises in the east.
Negative:
He does not like coffee.
We do not play soccer.
It does not rain often here.
Interrogative:
Do you speak French?
Does he go to the gym every day?
Do they live in that house?
Usage:
The simple present tense is used in the following situations:
a. General truths:
The simple present is used to state facts or general truths that are always true.
Example:
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
b. Habits and routines:
The simple present is used to describe actions that are repeated regularly or habits.
Example
I brush my teeth twice a day.
She walks her dog every morning.
c. Permanent situations:
The simple present is used to describe states or conditions that exist permanently.
Example:
I live in New York City.
The earth revolves around the sun.
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d. Scheduled events:
The simple present is used to express future events that are part of a fixed schedule.
Example:

The train leaves at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

The Present Continuous tense is used to describe actions or events that are happening at the
present moment or around the current time. It emphasizes actions in progress or temporary
situations. The formation of the Present Continuous tense is done using the present tense of the
verb "to be" (am/are/is) and the present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.

Affirmative Form:
Subject + am/are/is + present participle (-ing form of the verb)
Example:
I am studying for my exam.
She is cooking dinner right now.
We are watching a movie at the moment.
They are playing football in the park.
Negative Form:
Subject + am/are/is not (isn't/aren't) + present participle (-ing form of the
verb) Example:
I am not studying right now.
She isn't cooking dinner at the moment.
We aren't watching a movie currently.
They aren't playing football today.

Interrogative Form:
Am/Are/Is + subject + present participle (-ing form of the verb)
Example:
Am I studying for my exam?
Is she cooking dinner right now?
Are we watching a movie at the moment?
Are they playing football in the park?

T Simple
Present:
Simple The
Past Tense:

The Simple Past tense is used to describe completed actions or events that
occurred in the past. It indicates that the action happened at a specific time
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before the present. The formation of the Simple Past tense differs based on the verb type.

Affirmative Form:
Subject + regular verb (past tense) or irregular verb (specific past
form) Example:
I visited my grandmother yesterday.
She ate dinner at a restaurant last night.
We played soccer in the park earlier.
They studied for the exam all night
Negative Form:
Subject + did not (didn't) + base form of the verb
Example:
I didn't visit my grandmother yesterday.
She didn't eat dinner at a restaurant last night.
We didn't play soccer in the park earlier.
They didn't study for the exam all night
Interrogative Form:
Did + subject + base form of the verb
Example:
Did you visit your grandmother yesterday?
Did she eat dinner at a restaurant last night?
Did we play soccer in the park earlier?
Did they study for the exam all night?

Past Continuous Tense:

The Past Continuous tense is used to describe ongoing or continuous actions that
were happening in the past. It emphasizes the duration or the temporary nature of
the action. The formation of the Past Continuous tense is done using the past tense
of the verb "to be" (was/were) and the present participle (-ing form) of the main
verb.

Affirmative Form:
Subject + was/were + present participle (-ing form of the
verb) Example:
I was studying all night.
She was cooking dinner when I arrived.
We were watching a movie at that time
They were playing football in the park.
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Negative Form:
Subject + was not (wasn't) / were not (weren't) + present participle (-ing form of the
verb) Example:
I wasn't studying all night.
She wasn't cooking dinner when I arrived.
We weren't watching a movie at that time.
They weren't playing football in the park.
Interrogative Form:
Was/Were + subject + present participle (-ing form of the verb)
Example:
Was I studying all night?
Was she cooking dinner when I arrived?
Were we watching a movie at that time?
Were they playing football in the park?

si
Used to" is a phrase in English that is used to talk about past habits or actions that were
regular or frequent but no longer occur in the present. It indicates that something was true
or done in the past but has since changed or stopped happening. Here are five examples to
illustrate its usage:

I used to live in New York City, but now I live in Los Angeles.
They used to go camping every summer, but now they prefer staying in hotels.
She used to play the piano when she was younger, but she hasn't played in years.
We used to have a dog, but it passed away last year.
He used to work as a lawyer, but now he is a full-time writer.
Forma afirmativa:
Subject + used to + base verb (infinitive without "to")
I used to play the guitar.
She used to live in London.
We used to go to the beach every summer.
They used to eat at that restaurant.
Forma negativa:
Subject + didn't use to + base verb (infinitive without "to")
I didn't use to like vegetables.
He didn't use to watch horror movies.
We didn't use to have a car.
They didn't use to visit their grandparents often.
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Forma interrogativa:
Did + subject + use to + base verb (infinitive without
"to")? Did you use to play soccer?
Did she use to travel a lot?
Did we use to live in that house?
Did they use to go to that school?

Present Perfect Tense with "Ever," "Never," and "Been/Gone":

The Present Perfect tense is used to talk about past actions or experiences that have a connection
to the present. When combined with "ever," "never," or "been/gone," it adds specific meanings to
the sentence.

Affirmative Form:
Subject + have/has + past participle of the verb
Example:
I have ever visited Europe.
She has never seen a whale.
We have been to that restaurant before.
They have gone to the beach.
Negative Form:
Subject + have/has + not + past participle of the verb
Example:
I have never visited Europe.
She hasn't seen a whale.
We haven't been to that restaurant before.
They haven't gone to the beach.
Interrogative Form:
Have/Has + subject + past participle of the verb?
Example:
Have I ever visited Europe?
Has she seen a whale?
Have we been to that restaurant before?
Have they gone to the beach?
Here are additional examples to illustrate the usage:
Have you ever tried sushi?
Has he ever been to Australia?
She has never tasted spicy food.
We haven't seen that movie yet.
Have they ever won a championship?
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Remember, "ever" is used in questions and affirmative sentences to mean "at any time," "never" is
used to express the absence of an experience, and "been/gone" indicates that someone has
visited a place or travelled.

"Ever":
"Ever" is usually placed before the main verb or between the auxiliary verb
"have/has" and the past participle.

It is used in questions and affirmative sentences to mean "at any time."

Example: Have you ever traveled abroad?

"Never":
"Never" is typically placed before the main verb or between the auxiliary verb
"have/has" and the past participle.

It expresses the absence of an experience or action.

Example: She has never visited that museum.
"Been" and "Gone":
"Been" and "gone" are both used to indicate travel or visits to places.
"Been" is used when talking about experiences or visits to places in general. "Gone" is used
when talking about specific trips or visits to a particular place.

Example: They have been to Paris. (general experience)

Example: She has gone to the grocery store. (specific trip)
The Present Perfect tense is used to talk about past actions or experiences that have a
connection
to the present. When combined with "just," "already," or "yet," it adds specific meanings to the
sentence.
Affirmative Form:
Subject + have/has + past participle of the verb
Example:
I have just finished my homework.
She has already eaten lunch.
We have yet to receive the package.
They have just arrived at the airport.
Negative Form:
Subject + have/has + not + past participle of the verb
Example:
I haven't finished my homework yet.
She hasn't eaten lunch yet.
We haven't received the package yet.
They haven't arrived at the airport yet.
Interrogative Form:
Have/Has + subject + past participle of the verb?
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Example:
Have I just completed my homework?
Has she already had lunch?
Have we received the package yet?
Have they arrived at the airport yet?
Here are additional examples to illustrate the
usage: Have you just seen that movie?
Has he already booked his flight?
She hasn't finished her presentation yet.
We haven't met our new neighbors yet.
Have they already visited that museum?

Remember, "just" is used to indicate a recent action, "already" implies that something
happened earlier than expected, and "yet" is used to express that something hasn't happened
up to the present moment.

Present Perfect Tense with "How long," "For," and "Since":

Affirmative Form:
Subject + have/has + past participle of the verb
Example:
I have studied English for three years.
She has lived in this city since 2010.
We have known each other for a long time.
They have worked on this project how long they can remember.
Negative Form:
Subject + have/has + not + past participle of the verb
Example:
I haven't studied English for a long time.
She hasn't lived in this city since last year.
We haven't known each other for very long.
They haven't worked on this project as long as they thought.
Interrogative Form:
Have/Has + subject + past participle of the verb + "how long," "for," or
"since"?
Example:
How long have you studied English?
Since when has she lived in this city?
How long have we known each other?
For how long have they worked on this project?
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Here are additional examples to illustrate the usage:

How long have you been learning to play the guitar?
She has been working at that company for five years.
I haven't seen him since yesterday.
We have been friends since childhood.
Has it been raining for long?

Remember, "how long" is used to inquire about the duration, "for" is used to indicate a specific
length of time, and "since" is used to indicate the starting point of an action or situation.

"Going To":
"Going to" is used to talk about planned or intended actions in the near future. Affirmative
Form:
Subject + am/is/are + going to + base form of the verb
Example:
I am going to visit my grandmother tomorrow.
She is going to start a new job next week.
We are going to have dinner at a fancy restaurant tonight.
They are going to buy a new car next month.
Negative Form:
Subject + am/is/are + not + going to + base form of the verb
Example:
I am not going to travel this summer.
She isn't going to attend the party.
We aren't going to watch the movie tonight.
They aren't going to participate in the competition.
Interrogative Form:
Am/Is/Are + subject + going to + base form of the verb?
Example:
Am I going to see you later?

Is she going to call you tomorrow?

Are we going to meet at the park?

Are they going to join the club?

s exp"Will"
"Will" is used to talk about future actions or events without a prior plan or intention.
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Affirmative Form:
Subject + will + base form of the verb
Example:
I will help you with your project.
She will study for the exam tonight.
We will go on a vacation next month.
They will meet us at the restaurant.
Negative Form:
Subject + will + not + base form of the verb
Example:
I will not attend the meeting.
She won't buy the expensive dress.
We won't go to the party.
They won't finish the project on time.
Interrogative Form:
Will + subject + base form of the verb?
Example:
Will you come to the event?
Will she bring her laptop to the meeting?
Will we have enough time to finish the task?
Will they join us for dinner?
Here are additional examples to illustrate the usage:
I am going to learn a new language.
She will travel to Europe next year.
We are not going to attend the concert.
Will they visit their grandparents during the holidays?

First Conditional:
The First Conditional is used to talk about real or possible future events, where there is a cause-and-
effect relationship. It is formed by combining the present simple tense with the future simple tense.

Affirmative Form:
If + present simple tense, subject + will + base form of the verb
Example:
If it rains, we will stay at home.
If she studies hard, she will pass the exam.
If they arrive early, we will start the meeting.
If you work hard, you will succeed.
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Negative Form:

If + present simple tense, subject + will not + base form of the verb
Example:
If it doesn't rain, we won't stay at home.
If she doesn't study hard, she won't pass the exam.
If they don't arrive early, we won't start the meeting.
If you don't work hard, you won't succeed.
Interrogative Form:
If + present simple tense, will + subject + base form of the verb?
Example:
If it rains, will we stay at home?
If she studies hard, will she pass the exam?
If they arrive early, will we start the meeting?
If you work hard, will you succeed?
Here are additional examples to illustrate the usage:
If he misses the bus, he will be late for work.
If they win the game, they will celebrate tonight.
If you eat too much, you will feel sick.
If she saves money, she will be able to buy a new car.
Remember, the First Conditional expresses a cause-and-effect relationship in the future. The if-
clause (present simple tense) introduces the condition, while the main clause (will + base form of
the verb) indicates the result or consequence.

Second Conditional:
The Second Conditional is used to talk about hypothetical or unreal situations in the present or
future. It is formed by combining the simple past tense with the modal verb "would."
Affirmative Form:
If + simple past tense, subject + would + base form of the verb
Example:
If I won the lottery, I would buy a house.
If she studied harder, she would get better grades.
If they had more time, they would travel the world.
If you came with me, we would have a great time.

Negative Form:
If + simple past tense, subject + would not + base form of the verb
Example:
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If I didn't have to work, I wouldn't be stressed.

If she didn't live so far away, she wouldn't be late.
If they didn't have any money, they wouldn't go on vacation.
If you didn't like spicy food, we wouldn't go to that restaurant.
Interrogative Form:
If + simple past tense, would + subject + base form of the verb?
Example
If I won the lottery, would you travel with me?
If she studied harder, would she improve her grades?
If they had more time, would they volunteer for the project?
If you came with me, would we have a good time?
Here are additional examples to illustrate the usage:
If I had a million dollars, I would quit my job.
If she knew the answer, she would raise her hand.
If they visited Paris, they would see the Eiffel Tower.
If you had more free time, you would learn to play an instrument.
Remember, the Second Conditional expresses hypothetical or unreal situations in the present or
future. The if-clause (simple past tense) introduces the condition, while the main clause (would +
base form of the verb) indicates the hypothetical result or consequence.

"Need to," "Must," "Have to," "Should," and "Ought to"

These modal verbs are used to express different levels of necessity, obligation, and advice.
"Need to":
"Need to" is used to express general necessity or obligation.
Affirmative Form:
Subject + need to + base form of the verb
Example:
I need to finish my homework.
She needs to go to the grocery store.
We need to book a hotel for our trip.
They need to study for the exam.
Negative Form:
Subject + do not/does not + need to + base form of the verb
Example:
I do not need to attend the meeting.
She does not need to buy a new phone.
We do not need to worry about it.
They do not need to take that route.
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Interrogative Form:
Do/Does + subject + need to + base form of the verb?
Example:
Do I need to bring anything for the party?
Does she need to leave early?
Do we need to make a reservation?
Do they need to finish the project today?
"Must" and "Have to":
"Must" and "have to" are used to express strong obligation or necessity.
Affirmative Form:
Subject + must/have to + base form of the verb
Example:
I must finish this report by tomorrow.
She has to attend the meeting.
We must be on time for the appointment.
They have to clean their room.
Negative Form:
Subject + must not/does not have to + base form of the verb
Example:
I must not forget to lock the door.
She does not have to take the bus.
We must not disturb them.
They do not have to bring anything.
Interrogative Form:
Must/Do + subject + base form of the verb?
Example:
Must I submit the application today?
Does she have to sign the contract?
Must we pay in advance?
Do they have to wear a uniform?
"Should" and "Ought to"
"Should" and "ought to" are used to give advice or make
recommendations. Affirmative Form:
Subject + should/ought to + base form of the verb
I should call my parents.
She ought to apologize for her behavior.
We should exercise regularly.
They ought to read more books.
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Example:
Negative Form:
Subject + should not/ought not to + base form of the verb
Example:
I should not eat too much junk food.
She ought not to waste her time.
We should not ignore the problem.
They ought not to skip breakfast.
Interrogative Form:
Should/Ought + subject + base form of the verb?
Example:
Should I take a break?
Ought she to consult a doctor?
Should we book tickets in advance?
Ought they to follow the instructions?

Remember, "need to" expresses general necessity, "must" and "have to" indicate strong

obligation,
while "should" and "ought to" give advice or recommendations.

w"Relative Pronouns" and "Indefinite Pronouns":

Relative Pronouns:
Relative pronouns are used to introduce relative clauses, which provide additional information about a
noun or pronoun in the main clause.

Common relative pronouns include: who, whom, whose, which, and that.

Example
The woman who lives next door is a doctor
The book that I'm reading is very interesting.
The car, which is red, belongs to my brother.
The boy whose bicycle was stolen is very upset.
Indefinite Pronouns:
Indefinite pronouns are used to refer to non-specific people or things.

Common indefinite pronouns include: someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something,

anything, nothing, everybody, nobody, and each.

Example:
Someone called you while you were out.
I can't find anything in this messy room.
Nobody likes to be criticized.
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Each student should bring their own notebook.

Affirmative Form:
Subject + relative pronoun/ indefinite pronoun + verb + object
Example:
The man who is talking to her is my brother.
Somebody brought flowers for you.
I found a book that belongs to you.
Everyone should do their best.
Negative Form:
Subject + do/does not + relative pronoun/ indefinite pronoun + verb +
object Example:

The woman who does not speak English needs help.

Nobody wants to go to the party.
I didn't see anything interesting at the store.
The book that does not have a cover is damaged.
Interrogative Form:
Relative Pronouns:
Relative Pronoun + subject + verb + object + ?
Example:
Which book did you choose?
Whose bag is this?
Who is going to the party?
Indefinite Pronouns:
Indefinite Pronoun + verb + object + ?
Example:
Did someone call me?
Has anyone seen my keys?
Is there anything I can help you with?

Ability and Permission: Can, Could, Be Able to, Be Allowed to

Can:
"Can" is used to talk about general abilities and permissions in the present or future. It indicates that
someone has the capability or authorization to do something.
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Example:
I can swim. (I have the ability to swim.)
Can I use your computer? (May I have permission to use your computer?)
Could:
"Could" is used to talk about past abilities or permissions or to make polite requests.
Example:
When I was younger, I could run faster. (In the past, I had the ability to run faster.)
Could you pass me the salt, please? (Polite request for permission to pass the salt.)
Be able to:
"Be able to" is used when emphasizing the capability or permission to do something. It can be used
in various tenses to talk about present, past, or future abilities or permissions.
Example:
I am able to speak multiple languages. (I have the ability to speak multiple languages.)
She will be able to attend the meeting tomorrow. (She will have permission to attend the meeting.)
Be allowed to:
"Be allowed to" specifically emphasizes permission. It is used to talk about having authorization or
being permitted to do something.
Example:
He is allowed to drive a car. (He has permission to drive a car.)
Are we allowed to take photographs in the museum? (Do we have permission to take
photographs?)
Remember, "can" and "could" can also be used to make requests or offers:

Can you help me with this? (Request for assistance)

Could I borrow your pen? (Polite request to borrow a pen)

Overall, the choice between "be allowed to," "be able to," "can," and "could" depends on the
context, time frame (present, past, future), and whether you want to emphasize ability or permission.

Comparatives and Superlatives Form: Usage and Examples

Comparatives and superlatives are forms used to compare and describe the degree of a quality
or characteristic between two or more things. In this explanation, we will explore the usage of
comparatives and superlatives in English, along with examples to illustrate their application.
Comparatives:
Comparatives are used to compare two things, indicating that one has a higher or lower degree
of a quality or characteristic than the other.
a. Form:
The general form of comparatives is:
"Subject + verb + comparative adjective + than + object."
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Example:
John is taller than his brother.
b. Exceptions:
For short adjectives (one or two syllables), we usually add "-er" to the adjective.
Example:
She is taller than him.
For long adjectives (more than two syllables), we use "more" before the adjective.
Example:
The concert was more enjoyable than I expected.
Superlatives:
Superlatives are used to describe the highest or lowest degree of a quality or characteristic among
three or more things.
a. Form:
The general form of superlatives is:

"Subject + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun + in/of."

e will
Example: explore the usage of the simple present tense and provide
examples
This is to illus
the tallest building in the city.
b. Exceptions:
For short adjectives, we usually add "-est" to the adjective.
Example:
He is the strongest person in the team.
For long adjectives, we use "the most" before the adjective.
Example:
She is the most talented singer in the competition.
Irregular Forms:
Some adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms.
Example:
Good - Better - The best
Bad - Worse - The worst
Far - Farther/Further - The farthest/furthest
Examples:
Comparatives:
She is taller than her sister.
This book is more interesting than the previous one.
The car is faster than the bicycle.
His presentation was better than mine.
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Superlatives:
He is the oldest person in the family.
This is the most beautiful garden in the town.
She is the smartest student in the class.
It was the worst movie I've ever seen.
Conclusion:
Comparatives and superlatives are essential in English to compare and describe the degree of
qualities or characteristics. By understanding the form and usage of comparatives and
superlatives, you can effectively express comparisons between two or more things and describe
the highest or lowest degree of a quality or characteristic among a group.
The "(not) as...as" structure is used in English to make comparisons and express

similarities or
differences between two things. This construction allows us to compare the degree or level of a
particular quality or characteristic. In this explanation, we will explore the affirmative, negative, and
interrogative forms of "(not) as...as" and provide examples to illustrate their usage.

Affirmative Form:
The affirmative form of "(not) as...as" is used to express that two things are equal or similar in terms
of a particular quality or characteristic.
a. Structure:
"Subject + verb + as + adjective/adverb + as + object."
Example:
She is as tall as her sister.
b. Note:
To create a negative sentence, "not" is not used in the affirmative form.
Negative Form:
The negative form of "(not) as...as" is used to express that two things are not equal or similar in terms
of a particular quality or characteristic.
a. Structure:
"Subject + verb + not + as + adjective/adverb + as + object."
Example:

He is not as fast as his friend.

b. Note:
In the negative form, "not" is added before "as" to indicate the difference or lack of similarity.
Interrogative Form:
The interrogative form of "(not) as...as" is used to ask questions and seek information about the
level of a particular quality or characteristic in comparison to something else.
a. Structure:
"(Not) as + adjective/adverb + as + subject + verb?"
Example:
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Is your car as expensive as mine?

b. Note:
In the interrogative form, the subject and verb are inverted.
Examples:
Affirmative:
She is as intelligent as her brother.
This restaurant is as popular as the one downtown.
Negative:
He is not as tall as his father.
The new phone is not as expensive as the previous model.
Interrogative:
Is she as talented as her sister?
Are you as excited about the trip as I am?
Conclusion:
The "(not) as...as" structure is a useful tool for making comparisons and expressing similarities or
differences between two things in English. By understanding the affirmative, negative,
and interrogative forms of this construction, you can effectively communicate the level or degree
of a particular quality or characteristic in relation to something else.

Present Simple and Past Simple Passive Voice: Usage and Examples

The passive voice is a grammatical construction used to focus on the recipient of an action rather
than the doer. In this explanation, we will explore the usage of the present simple and past simple
passive voice in English.
Present Simple Passive Voice:
The present simple passive voice is used to describe general truths, habitual actions, or situations
that are always true in the present.
a. Form:
"Subject + am/is/are + past participle + by + object."
Example:
The cake is baked by my sister.
b. Note:
The form of the verb "be" (am/is/are) changes depending on the subject.
The past participle of the main verb is used.
Past Simple Passive Voice:
The past simple passive voice is used to describe actions or events that happened in the past.
a. Form:
"Subject + was/were + past participle + by + object."
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Example:
The letter was written by him.
b. Note:
The form of the verb "be" (was/were) changes depending on the subject.
The past participle of the main verb is used.
Examples:
Present Simple Passive Voice:
The report is written by the team leader.
English is spoken in many countries.
The car is repaired by the mechanic.
Past Simple Passive Voice:
The book was written by Shakespeare.
The window was broken by the kids.
The letter was sent yesterday.
Note: In both the present simple and past simple passive voice, the doer of the action can be
mentioned using the preposition "by" followed by the subject.

The past perfect tense is used to describe an action that occurred before another action or a
specific point in the past.
Form:
The past perfect tense is formed using the auxiliary verb "had" followed by the past participle of the
main verb.
Structure:
"Subject + had + past participle."
Example:
She had already finished her homework before her friends arrived.
Usage:
The past perfect is used in the following situations
a. Past actions completed before another past action:
The past perfect is used to describe an action that had already happened before another action in the
past
Example:
He had studied French before he traveled to Paris.
b. Past actions completed before a specific point in the past:
The past perfect is used to express an action that had occurred before a specified time or event in the
past.
Example:
By the time I arrived, they had already left.
c. Hypothetical past conditions:
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The past perfect can be used to discuss hypothetical situations in the past.
Example:
If I had known about the party, I would have attended.
Examples:
Past actions completed before another past action:
She had already eaten dinner when her friends came over.
They had finished their work before the deadline.
Past actions completed before a specific point in the past:
The train had departed before we reached the station.
He had left the office by the time I called him.
Hypothetical past conditions:
If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.
I wish I had bought that book when I had the chance.

Modals of Possibility and Certainty: Usage and

Examples

Introduction:
Modals of possibility and certainty are a group of auxiliary verbs used in English to express the
degree of possibility or certainty about a situation or event. In this explanation, we will explore the
usage of modals such as "can," "could," "may," "might," "must," and "should" to convey different
levels of possibility and certainty.
Can:
"Can" is used to express general ability or possibility in the present.
Example:
I can speak Spanish fluently.
Could:
"Could" is used to express past ability or possibility, or a more polite form of "can."
Example:
When I was younger, I could run faster.
May/Might:
"May" and "might" are used to express possibility or uncertainty about a present or future event.
Example:
It may rain tomorrow.
He might be late for the meeting
Must:
"Must" is used to express a strong sense of certainty or logical deduction.
Example:
She must be tired after working all day.
22

Should:
"Should" is used to express an expectation or suggestion, indicating a high degree of possibility
Example:
You should visit that museum. It's really interesting.
Modals can be used in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms.

Examples:
Affirmative:
He can swim very well.
I could see the mountains from my window.
It may snow tonight.
She must be the new manager.
You should try the new restaurant.
Negative:
I can't believe what I just heard.
He couldn't find his keys.
It may not be possible to attend the event.
She must not have received the email.
You shouldn't eat too much junk food.
Interrogative:
Can you help me with this problem?
Could you lend me some money?
May I borrow your pen?
Might she be available for a meeting tomorrow?
Should we book our tickets in advance?

Reported Speech: Usage and Examples

Introduction:
Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is used to relay or report someone else's words or
thoughts. When using reported speech, we convey information about what someone said without
using their exact words. In this explanation, we will explore the usage of reported speech in English
and provide examples to illustrate its application.
Reporting Verbs:
Reported speech is often introduced by reporting verbs such as "say," "tell," "ask," "explain,"
"mention," and "suggest."
Example:
She said, "I am going to the party." (Direct speech)
She said that she was going to the party. (Reported speech)
23

Tense Changes:
In reported speech, there are often tense changes to reflect the shift from the original speaker's
perspective to the reporting speaker's perspective.
a. Present Simple becomes Past Simple:
"I like chocolate," she said. (Direct speech)
She said that she liked chocolate. (Reported speech)
b. Past Simple becomes Past Perfect:
"I went to the store," he said. (Direct speech)
He said that he had gone to the store. (Reported speech)
c. Present Continuous becomes Past Continuous:
"They are watching a movie," they said. (Direct speech)
They said that they were watching a movie. (Reported speech)
d. Modals and Imperatives may change:
"Can you help me?" she asked. (Direct speech)
She asked if I could help her. (Reported speech)
Pronoun Changes:
In reported speech, pronouns often change to reflect the perspective of the reporting
speaker.
"I am tired," he said. (Direct speech)
He said that he was tired. (Reported speech)
"We will meet later," they said. (Direct speech)
They said that they would meet later. (Reported speech)
Examples:
Present Simple:
She said, "I like to read."
She said that she likes to read.
Past Simple:
He said, "I visited Paris last year."
He said that he had visited Paris the previous year.
Present Continuous:
They said, "We are studying for the exam."
They said that they were studying for the exam.
Modals and Imperatives:
She said, "Can you pass me the salt?"
She asked if I could pass her the salt.

Reported Questions
24

Reported questions, also known as indirect questions, are used to convey someone else's question in
reported speech. When using reported questions, we transform direct questions into indirect speech
while maintaining the meaning. In this explanation, we will explore the usage of reported questions in
English and provide examples to illustrate their application.
Reporting Verbs:
Reported questions are often introduced by reporting verbs such as "ask," "wonder," "inquire," "want
to know," and "asked me" (in past tense).
Example:
She asked, "What time is it?" (Direct question)
She asked what time it was. (Reported question)
Sentence Structure:
When transforming a direct question into a reported question, we usually change the sentence
structure from a question form to a statement form. The word order typically follows the structure of
a declarative sentence.
a. Change of Verb Tense:
If the reported speech is in the present or future, the verb tense in the reported question remains
the same. If the reported speech is in the past, the verb tense is shifted back one tense.

"Where do you live?" he asked. (Direct question)

He asked where I live. (Reported question)

"Will you come to the party?" she asked. (Direct question)

She asked if I would come to the party. (Reported question)

"Did you finish your homework?" they asked. (Direct question)

They asked if I had finished my homework. (Reported question)

b. Use of Question Words:

Question words like "who," "what," "where," "when," "why," "how," and "which" may need to be
changed or omitted in reported questions.

"Why did you leave early?" he asked. (Direct question)

He asked why I had left early. (Reported question)

"Where is the nearest post office?" she asked. (Direct question)

She asked where the nearest post office was. (Reported question)
 ENG LI SH
CAB UL ARY
VO
travel and holiday verbs
art and entertainment
ed/ing adjectives
food and drink adjectives
cooking methods
jobs
jobs sectors
personality adjectives
communication verbs
communication nouns
sufixes
sports actions and events
shopping nouns
adverbs of manner
natural environment
natural environment verbs
adverbs of manner
adjectives
education words
phrasal verbs
26

LINKERS
And - Y
Ejemplo: I like to read books and play soccer.
But - Pero
Ejemplo: She studied hard, but she didn't get a good grade.
So - Entonces / Así que
Ejemplo: It was raining, so we stayed indoors.
Because - Porque
Ejemplo: I couldn't go to the party because I had to study for a test.
Or - O
Ejemplo: Do you want pizza or pasta for dinner?
Also - También
Ejemplo: He likes to swim, and he also enjoys playing basketball.
However - Sin embargo
Ejemplo: She wanted to go out, however, her parents said no.
Therefore - Por lo tanto
Ejemplo: He didn't do his homework; therefore, he received a detention.
While - Mientras
Ejemplo: She read a book while waiting for the bus.
Although - Aunque
Ejemplo: Although it was cold outside, she didn't wear a jacket.
However - Sin embargo
I studied hard; however, I didn't pass the exam.
Therefore - Por lo tanto
Ejemplo: It was raining, therefore, I took an umbrella.
In addition - Además
Ejemplo: She loves to dance, and in addition, she plays the piano.
Nevertheless - No obstante
Ejemplo: The weather was bad; nevertheless, we decided to go for a walk.
Moreover - Además
Ejemplo: He speaks English fluently; moreover, he also knows French.
On the other hand - Por otro lado
Ejemplo: She loves to travel, but on the other hand, she's afraid of flying.
Similarly - De manera similar
27

Ejemplo: He enjoys swimming, and similarly, he likes surfing.

Furthermore - Además
Ejemplo: She is a talented singer, and furthermore, she can play the guitar.
Nonetheless - No obstante
Ejemplo: The movie was long and boring; nonetheless, I watched it till the end.
Consequently - En consecuencia
Ejemplo: He didn't study for the test, and consequently, he failed.
In conclusion - En conclusión
Ejemplo: In conclusion, I believe that education is the key to success.
Meanwhile - Mientras tanto
Ejemplo: I'll prepare dinner; meanwhile, you can set the table.
However - No obstante
Ejemplo: She is tired; however, she keeps working.
In contrast - En contraste
Ejemplo: The weather in Spain is hot, in contrast to the cold climate in Norway.
Nevertheless - No obstante
Ejemplo: I know it's risky, but I will try it nevertheless.
Furthermore - Además
Ejemplo: She loves to read; furthermore, she enjoys writing her own stories.
Nevertheless - No obstante
Ejemplo: The project faced many challenges; nevertheless, we managed to complete it on time.
In other words - En otras palabras
Ejemplo: He failed the exam because he didn't study enough. In other words, his lack of
preparation led to his failure.
Consequently - En consecuencia
Ejemplo: He didn't save any money, and consequently, he couldn't afford to go on vacation.
Nonetheless - No obstante
Ejemplo: The restaurant had mixed reviews; nonetheless, we decided to give it a try.
Meanwhile - Mientras tanto
Ejemplo: She was studying for her exams; meanwhile, her friends were enjoying their summer break.
On the contrary - Por el contrario
Ejemplo: He expected to win the race, but on the contrary, he finished last.
Likewise - Del mismo modo
Ejemplo: She enjoys playing tennis, and likewise, she is also a skilled badminton player.
As a result - Como resultado
Ejemplo: The company implemented cost-cutting measures, and as a result, they were able to
increase their profits.
Conversely - A la inversa
28

Ejemplo: Some people find it easy to learn new languages; conversely, others struggle with it.

Travel and holiday verbs

1. Travel - Viajar
2. Explore - Explorar
3. Visit - Visitar
4. Pack - Empacar / Hacer la maleta
5. Plan - Planificar
6. Relax - Relajarse
7. Sightsee - Hacer turismo / Visitar lugares de interés
8. Experience - Experimentar
9. Discover - Descubrir
10. Wander - Pasear / Deambular
11. Fly - Volar
12. Book - Reservar
13. Stay - Quedarse / Alojarse
14. Hike - Hacer senderismo
15. Cruise - Hacer un crucero
16. Swim - Nadar
17. Sunbathe - Tomar el sol
18. Take photos - Sacar fotos
19. Enjoy - Disfrutar
20. Try - Probar

Art and entertainment

Art - Arte

Painting - Pintura

Sculpture - Escultura

Drawing - Dibujo

Photography - Fotografía

Music - Música

Dance - Baile

Theater - Teatro

Film/Movie - Película

Literature - Literatura

Poetry - Poesía
29

Acting - Actuación

Singing - Canto

Comedy - Comedia

Drama - Drama

Exhibition - Exposición

Concert - Concierto

Orchestra - Orquesta

Ballet - Ballet

Opera - Ópera

“Ed and Ing Adjectives”

"-ed" adjectives typically describe feelings or states, "-ing" adjectives often describe the
characteristics or qualities of a person, thing, or situation.

Bored - Aburrido/a
Interesting - Interesante
Excited - Emocionado/a
Surprised - Sorprendido/a
Tired - Cansado/a
Frightened - Asustado/a
Amused - Divertido/a
Confused - Confundido/a
Frustrated - Frustrado/a
Pleased - Satisfecho/a
Disappointed - Decepcionado/a
Relaxing - Relajante
Charming - Encantador/a
Inspiring - Inspirador/a
Motivating - Motivador/a
Fascinating - Fascinante
Challenging - Desafiante
Refreshing - Refrescante
Satisfying - Satisfactorio/a
Engaging - Atractivo/a
Amazed - Asombrado/a
Annoyed - Molesto/a
Delighted - Encantado/a
30

Embarrassed - Avergonzado/a
Satisfied - Satisfecho/a
Worried - Preocupado/a
Enthusiastic - Entusiasta
Astonishing - Asombroso/a
Disgusted - Disgustado/a
Exciting - Emocionante
Frustrating - Frustrante
Captivating - Cautivador/a
Exhilarating - Electrizante
Bewildered - Perplejo/a
Overwhelmed - Abrumado/a
Thrilling - Emocionante
Irritating - Irritante
Terrified - Aterrado/a Enchanted
- Encantado/a Hilarious -
Divertidísimo/a

Food and drink adjectives

These adjectives can be used to describe the taste, texture,
temperature, or quality of food and drinks.

Delicious - Delicioso/a
Spicy - Picante
Sweet - Dulce
Sour - Agrio/a
Bitter - Amargo/a
Savory - Sabroso/a
Salty - Salado/a
Refreshing - Refrescante
Rich - Rico/a
Creamy - Cremoso/a
Juicy - Jugoso/a
Tender - Tierno/a
Crispy - Crujiente
Flavorful - Sabroso/a
Zesty - Sabroso/a / Con sabor
31

Hot - Caliente
Cold - Frío/a
Nutritious - Nutritivo/a
Fresh - Fresco/a
Baked - Horneado/a.

Here's a list of cooking methods and menus

Cooking Methods:

Bake - Hornear
Grill - Asar a la parrilla
Roast - Asar
Fry - Freír
Boil - Hervir
Steam - Cocinar al vapor
Sauté - Saltear
Simmer - Cocinar a fuego lento
Stir-fry - Saltear rápidamente
BBQ/Barbecue - Barbacoa
Menus:
Appetizer - Entrada
Main course - Plato principal
Side dish - Guarnición
Dessert - Postre
Soup - Sopa
Salad - Ensalada
Sandwich - Sándwich
Pasta - Pasta
Seafood - Mariscos
Vegetarian/Vegan - Vegetariano/Vegano

Jobs:
32

Teacher - Profesor/a
Doctor - Médico/a
Engineer - Ingeniero/a
Nurse - Enfermero/a
Chef - Chef / Cocinero/a
Police officer - Oficial de policía
Firefighter - Bombero/a
Lawyer - Abogado/a Accountant -
Contador/a Architect -
Arquitecto/a
Artist - Artista
Musician - Músico/a
Writer - Escritor/a
Programmer - Programador/a
Salesperson - Vendedor/a
Pilot - Piloto
Mechanic - Mecánico/a
Electrician - Electricista Carpenter
- Carpintero/a Photographer -
Fotógrafo/a

Job Sectors:

Education - Educación
Healthcare - Cuidado de la salud
Engineering - Ingeniería
Nursing - Enfermería
Culinary - Gastronomía
Law enforcement - Aplicación de la ley
Firefighting - Lucha contra incendios
Legal - Legal / Jurídico
Accounting - Contabilidad
Architecture - Arquitectura
Arts - Artes
Music - Música
Writing - Escritura
33

Technology - Tecnología
Sales - Ventas
Aviation - Aviación
Automotive - Automotriz
Construction - Construcción
Photography - Fotografía
Retail - Venta al por menor

Here's a list of Adjectives to describe personality

Friendly - Amigable
Outgoing - Extrovertido/a
Shy - Tímido/a
Confident - Seguro/a de sí mismo/a
Reliable - Confiable
Honest - Honesto/a
Generous - Generoso/a
Patient - Paciente
Ambitious - Ambicioso/a
Creative - Creativo/a
Optimistic - Optimista
Pessimistic - Pesimista
Adventurous - Aventurero/a
Loyal - Leal
Independent - Independiente
Sociable - Sociable
Humble - Humilde
Caring - Cariñoso/a
Resilient - Resiliente
Open-minded - De mentalidad abierta
Kind - Amable
Funny - Divertido/a
Intuitive - Intuitivo/a
Determined - Determinado/a
Adventurous - Aventurero/a
Compassionate - Compasivo/a Easygoing
- Tranquilo/a
Hardworking - Trabajador/a
34

Curious - Curioso/a
Responsible - Responsable
Assertive - Asertivo/a
Thoughtful - Considerado/a
Energetic - Energético/a
Respectful - Respetuoso/a
Empathetic - Empático/a
Reliable - Confiable
Honest - Honesto/a

Communication verbs

Speak - Hablar
Listen - Escuchar
Write - Escribir
Read - Leer
Communicate - Comunicar
Convey - Transmitir
Discuss - Discutir
Express - Expresar
Share - Compartir
Understand - Entender
Explain - Explicar
Ask - Preguntar
Answer - Responder
Debate - Debater
Present - Presentar
Negotiate - Negociar
Persuade - Persuadir
Interact - Interactuar
Collaborate - Colaborar
Connect - Conectar

Communication nouns

Conversation - Conversación
Message - Mensaje
Communication - Comunicación
35

Dialogue - Diálogo
Discussion - Discusión
Speech - Discurso
Presentation - Presentación
Interview - Entrevista
Letter - Carta
Email - Correo electrónico
Phone call - Llamada telefónica
Text message - Mensaje de texto
Chat - Chat
Announcement - Anuncio
Expression - Expresión
Feedback - Retroalimentación
Interaction - Interacción
Nonverbal communication - Comunicación no verbal
Memo - Memorando
Report - Informe

Sports actions and events

Run - Correr
Jump - Saltar
Swim - Nadar
Kick - Patear
Pass - Pasar
Shoot - Disparar
Score - Anotar
Tackle - Tacklear
Throw - Lanzar
Catch - Atrapar
Dribble - Driblar
Serve - Servir
Hit - Golpear
Sprint - Correr a toda velocidad
36

Block - Bloquear

Sports Events:
Football/Soccer - Fútbol
Basketball - Baloncesto
Tennis - Tenis
Baseball - Béisbol
Swimming - Natación
Athletics/Track and Field - Atletismo
Volleyball - Voleibol
Rugby - Rugby
Golf - Golf
Boxing - Boxeo
Cycling - Ciclismo
Ice Hockey - Hockey sobre hielo
Gymnastics - Gimnasia
Wrestling - Lucha libre
Formula 1 - Fórmula 1

Adverbs of manner
These adverbs are used to describe how an action is performed or how someone
behaves

Carefully - Cuidadosamente
Quickly - Rápidamente
Slowly - Lentamente
Quietly - Silenciosamente
Loudly - Fuerte/Alto (en voz alta)
Politely - Cortésmente
Happily - Felizmente
Angrily - Enojadamente
Gently - Suavemente
Roughly - Ásperamente
Calmly - Tranquilamente
Patiently - Pacientemente
Cautiously - Cautelosamente
Steadily - Constantemente
37

Gracefully - Graciosamente
Accurately - Precisamente
Efficiently - Eficientemente
Bravely - Valientemente
Honestly - Honestamente
Tightly - Firmemente

Natural environment

Forest - Bosque
River - Río
Mountain - Montaña
Lake - Lago
Ocean - Océano
Beach - Playa
Desert - Desierto
Jungle - Selva
Waterfall - Catarata
Valley - Valle
Canyon - Cañón
Island - Isla
Meadow - Pradera
Glacier - Glaciar
Coast - Costa
Wildlife - Vida silvestre
Ecosystem - Ecosistema Habitat
- Hábitat
Conservation - Conservación
Pollution - Contaminación

Verbs related to the natural

environment
Grow - Crecer
Bloom - Florecer
Flow - Fluir
Evolve - Evolucionar
Erode - Erosionar
Adapt - Adaptarse
38

Pollinate - Polinizar
Conserve - Conservar
Preserve - Preservar
Deforest - Desforestar
Protect - Proteger
Recycle - Reciclar
Sustain - Sostener
Flourish - Prosperar
Thrive - Prosperar
Decay - Decaer
Replenish - Reponer
Contribute - Contribuir
Nurture - Nutrir
Restore - Restaurar

Education words

School - Escuela
Teacher - Profesor/a
Student - Estudiante/alumno/a
Classroom - Aula/salón de clases
Lesson - Lección/clase
Homework - Tarea
Exam - Examen
Test - Prueba
Grade - Calificación/nota
Diploma - Diploma
Degree - Título universitario/grado
Subject - Asignatura/materia
Study - Estudio
Learn - Aprender
Read - Leer
Write - Escribir
Calculate - Calcular
Understand - Entender/comprender
Question - Pregunta
Research - Investigación
39

Phrasal Verbs

Look up - Buscar (información)

Take off - Despegar
Put on - Ponerse (ropa)
Give up - Rendirse
Turn off - Apagar
Set up - Configurar / Establecer
Bring back - Traer de vuelta
Get up - Levantarse
Break down - Romper / Sufrir una avería
Bring up - Criar / Mencionar
Call off - Cancelar
Figure out - Resolver / Entender
Run out - Quedarse sin
Look forward to - Esperar con ilusión
Hang out - Pasar el rato
Take care of - Cuidar de
Give in - Ceder / Rendirse
Turn on - Encender
Pick up - Recoger
Put off - Posponer

Shopping
nouns
Store - Tienda
Shop - Tienda
Mall - Centro comercial
Market - Mercado
Boutique - Boutique
Department store - Grandes almacenes
Shopping center - Centro comercial
Supermarket - Supermercado
Grocery store - Tienda de comestibles
Cash register - Caja registradora
Checkout counter - Mostrador de caja
Shopping cart - Carrito de compras
Sale - Venta / Rebaja
40

Discount - Descuento
Receipt - Recibo
Customer - Cliente
Sale assistant - Asistente de ventas
Shopping bag - Bolsa de compras
Price - Precio
Payment - Pago

Affixes:

-ful (e.g., Beautiful - Hermoso/a): -ful is a suffix that can be added to nouns to form
adjectives meaning "full of" or "characterized by."
-less (e.g., Sleepless - Sin dormir): -less is a suffix that can be added to nouns to form
adjectives meaning "without" or "lacking."
-ish (e.g., Childish - Infantil): -ish is a suffix that can be added to nouns to form adjectives
meaning "like" or "having the qualities of."
-able (e.g., Comfortable - Cómodo/a): -able is a suffix that can be added to verbs to
form adjectives meaning "capable of" or "able to be."
-un (e.g., Unhappy - Infeliz): -un is a prefix that can be added to adjectives to form the
opposite or negation of the original adjective.

Adjectives

Happy - Feliz
Sad - Triste
Big - Grande
Small - Pequeño/a
Beautiful - Hermoso/a
Ugly - Feo/a
Friendly - Amigable
Unfriendly - Antipático/a
Comfortable - Cómodo/a
Uncomfortable - Incómodo/a
Expensive - Costoso/a
Cheap - Barato/a
Healthy - Saludable
Unhealthy - No saludable
Tasty - Sabroso/a
EXERCISES
 41

Simple Present

1)Choose the correct option to complete each sentence using the Present Simple tense.

Sarah __________ (likes / like) to read books.

They __________ (go / goes) to the beach every summer.

The birds __________ (sing / sings) in the trees.

We __________ (play / plays) soccer on Saturdays.

My parents __________ (work / works) in an office.

The cat __________ (sleep / sleeps) all day long.

Tom and Jerry __________ (chase / chases) each other.

The sun __________ (rise / rises) in the east.

My sister __________ (draw / draws) beautiful pictures.

The bus __________ (arrive / arrives) at 7 AM.

Dogs __________ (bark / barks) when they're excited.

Jane __________ (dance / dances) ballet every Monday.

The students __________ (study / studies) for exams.

He __________ (washes / wash) his car every weekend.

The flowers __________ (bloom / blooms) in spring.

2) Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. The sun __________ (rise) in the morning.

2. They __________ (play) soccer every weekend.

3. My mother __________ (cook) delicious meals.

4. We __________ (study) English at school.

5. Cats __________ (meow) when they're hungry.

3) Write affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences using the Present Simple tense.

1. Affirmative: She __________ (read) books every day. Negative: She __________ (not/read)
books every day. Interrogative: __________ she __________ (read) books every day?
 42

2. Affirmative: They __________ (like) to swim in the pool. Negative: They __________
(not/like) to swim in the pool. Interrogative: __________ they __________ (like) to swim in
the pool?
4) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in Present Simple tense.

1. Tom __________ (go) to school by bus.

2. The birds __________ (sing) beautifully in the morning.

3. We __________ (play) basketball every weekend.

4. My brother __________ (watch) TV in the evening.

5. The train __________ (arrive) at 7 PM.

5) Write questions using the given words and the Present Simple tense.

1. __________ you __________ (like) ice cream?

2. __________ she __________ (speak) Spanish fluently?

3. __________ they __________ (live) in a big house?

4. __________ we __________ (have) English class on Mondays?

5. __________ he __________ (play) the guitar?

6)Complete the text with verbs in the Present Simple tense.

My name is Lisa and I __________ (live) in a small town. I __________ (go) to school every day. My
brother and I __________ (study) together in the evenings. Our father __________ (work) at a
bank, and our mother __________ (cook) delicious meals for us. We __________ (play) soccer in the
park on weekends. Life in our town is simple but enjoyable.
7) Rewrite the sentences in the negative form using the Present Simple tense.

1. She always goes to the gym. (negative)

2. We eat lunch at noon. (negative)

3. He speaks French fluently. (negative)

4. They visit their grandparents every weekend. (negative)

5. The bus arrives at 8 AM. (negative)

8) Choose the correct form of the verb in Present Simple tense.

1. Maria __________ (like / likes) to read books.

2. They __________ (go / goes) to the park on Sundays.

3. The dog __________ (bark / barks) loudly at night.

4. We __________ (watch / watches) movies every Friday.

5. My sister __________ (play / plays) the piano beautifully.

9)Text 1:

My name is Emily, and I __________ (live) in a small town called Oakville. Every morning, I
__________ (wake up) early and __________ (go) for a run in the park. After that, I __________
(have) breakfast with my family. We __________ (usually/eat) cereal and fruit. Then, I __________
(go) to school. I __________ (study) different subjects like math, science, and English. In the
 43

evening, I __________ (practice) playing the piano. Music __________ (be) my passion, and I
__________ (enjoy) playing different melodies. Finally, before bedtime, I __________ (read) a
book. That's how I spend my days!
Text 2:

Mark __________ (work) as a software developer. He __________ (usually/start) his workday at 9

AM. He __________ (sit) at his desk and __________ (check) his emails. Then, he __________
(write) code and __________ (solve) complex problems. Mark __________ (enjoy) his work because
he __________ (love) creating innovative solutions. During his lunch break, he __________ (eat) a
sandwich and __________ (chat) with his colleagues. After work, Mark __________ (go) to the gym
and __________ (exercise) for an hour. In the evenings, he __________ (watch) TV shows or
__________ (read) books to relax. Mark's job is challenging but rewarding!

Text 3:

Susan __________ (teach) English at a bilingual school. She __________ (start) her classes in the
morning. Susan __________ (explain) grammar rules and __________ (give) interesting assignments
to her students. They __________ (listen) attentively and __________ (participate) in class
discussions. After school, Susan __________ (meet) with her colleagues for a cup of coffee. In the
evenings, she __________ (prepare) lessons for the next day and __________ (grade) her students'
assignments. Teaching __________ (be) Susan's passion, and she __________ (feel) fulfilled when
her students succeed.

Text 4:

In my free time, I __________ (play) the guitar. I __________ (practice) every day to improve my
skills. I __________ (learn) new songs and __________ (strive) to become a better musician.
Sometimes, I __________ (perform) at local events or __________ (jam) with friends. Music
__________ (bring) me joy, and I __________ (believe) it has the power to connect people. Apart
from music, I __________ (enjoy) outdoor activities like hiking and cycling. Nature __________
(inspire) me and __________ (help) me relax. Life is full of beautiful experiences!

10) Reading Comprehension

Text 1

My name is Lucy, and I live in a small town called Willowdale. I have a routine that I follow every day.
In the mornings, I wake up early and go for a jog. Then, I have a healthy breakfast with my family.
After that, I go to school where I study various subjects such as math, science, and English. In the
evenings, I enjoy playing the piano and reading books. On weekends, I like to spend time with my
friends and go hiking in the nearby mountains. I love the peacefulness of nature. That's a glimpse into
my daily life!
Answer carefully

What is the name of the town where Lucy lives?

What does Lucy do in the mornings?

Who does Lucy have breakfast with?

What subjects does Lucy study at school?

What activities does Lucy enjoy in the evenings?

 44

What does Lucy like to do on weekends?

How does Lucy feel about nature?

Text 2:

I am Laura, and I am a marine biologist. My passion is studying marine life and protecting our oceans.
Every day, I head out to sea on a research vessel to conduct experiments and collect data. I study
various species of marine animals, including dolphins, turtles, and sharks. Back on land, I analyze the
data and write scientific reports. I also educate the public about the importance of ocean
conservation. It is a rewarding career that allows me to make a difference in the world.

What is Laura's profession?

What does Laura study?

How does Laura collect data?

What does Laura do with the collected data?

How does Laura contribute to ocean conservation?

What kind of animals does Laura study?

How does Laura feel about her career?

Text 3:

As an architect, my name is Ethan, and I design buildings that shape the skyline of our city. I work
with a team of talented individuals to create innovative and sustainable structures. We consider
factors like functionality, aesthetics, and environmental impact. My days are filled with sketching,
drafting blueprints, and meeting with clients. It is fulfilling to see our designs come to life and
enhance the urban landscape

What is Ethan's profession?

What does Ethan do as an architect?

What factors does Ethan consider in his designs?

What tasks fill Ethan's days?

Who does Ethan collaborate with?

How does Ethan feel when seeing his designs become reality?

What is the purpose of Ethan's work?

Text 4:

Meet Sarah, a renowned author who creates captivating stories. Her imagination knows no bounds, and
she spends hours crafting intricate plots and developing relatable characters. Sarah believes in the
power of words to transport readers to different worlds. She writes in various genres, including
fantasy, mystery, and romance. When she is not writing, Sarah enjoys reading books from different
authors for inspiration.

What is Sarah's profession?

 45

What does Sarah spend hours doing?

What does Sarah believe in?

In which genres does Sarah write?

What does Sarah do for inspiration?

What is Sarah's view on the power of words?

How does Sarah spend her free time?

Text 5:

I am James, a chef who creates culinary masterpieces. In the kitchen, I experiment with flavors and
textures to create dishes that tantalize the taste buds. I source fresh ingredients from local farmers
and create menus that showcase seasonal produce. Cooking is both an art and a science, and I enjoy
the process of creating delicious and visually appealing meals. Seeing people savor my creations brings
me immense joy.

What is James' profession?

What does James do in the kitchen?

Where does James source his ingredients?

What does James' menu showcase?

How does James feel about cooking?

What does James enjoy about the process of creating meals?

What brings James joy in his profession?

Present Continuous

1)Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Present

Continuous.

Sarah ______________ (paint) a beautiful picture right now.

They ______________ (travel) around Europe this summer.

We ______________ (learn) French at the language school this semester.

I ______________ (work) on a new project with my team this week.

He ______________ (practice) the guitar every evening.

2)Rewrite the sentences in the Present Continuous.

She sings a song. (Right now)

They eat breakfast. (This morning)

He plays soccer. (At the moment)

We go to the park. (This weekend)

I visit my grandparents. (This month)

3) Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.

 46

Look! The kids ______________ (swim / are swimming) in the pool.

Sorry, I can't talk right now. I ______________ (cook / am cooking) dinner.

They usually ______________ (play / are playing) tennis on Saturdays.

My sister ______________ (wear / is wearing) a new dress today.

We ______________ (go / are going) to the beach tomorrow.

5) Complete the dialogue using the Present Continuous.

Person A: What ______________ (you / do)?

Person B: I ______________ (watch) a movie on Netflix.

Person A: That sounds fun! ______________ (you / enjoy) it?

Person B: Yes, I ______________ (love) this movie. It's really exciting.

6)Choose the correct option to complete each sentence:

I ______________ (am / is / are) studying for my exams at the moment.

They ______________ (am / is / are) playing soccer in the park today.

She ______________ (am / is / are) watching a movie right now.

We ______________ (am / is / are) having dinner with friends tonight.

He ______________ (am / is / are) listening to music at the moment.

My parents ______________ (am / is / are) traveling to Europe next month.

The cat ______________ (am / is / are) sleeping on the couch.

We ______________ (am / is / are) going to the beach tomorrow.

You ______________ (am / is / are) cooking dinner for your family tonight.

The students ______________ (am / is / are) taking a test right now.

The dog ______________ (am / is / are) chasing its tail in the backyard.

She ______________ (am / is / are) reading a book at the moment.

They ______________ (am / is / are) visiting their grandparents this weekend.

My sister ______________ (am / is / are) playing the piano right now.

We ______________ (am / is / are) having a party next Saturday.

Text 1:
Read the following text and answer the questions:

"I am currently playing soccer with my friends in the park. We are kicking the ball and

trying
to score goals. Some people are watching and cheering for us. It's a fun and exciting
game."
What are you doing in the park?
 47

What are you and your friends doing?

Who is watching and cheering?

Text 2:

Read the following text and answer the questions:

"I am currently watching a movie at home. The actors are performing different scenes. I am
eating popcorn and enjoying the film."
Where are you watching the movie?

What are the actors doing?

What are you doing while watching the movie?

Text 3:

Read the following text and answer the questions:

"I am currently studying for my math test. I am solving equations and practicing problems.
My classmates are also studying with me."
What are you doing?

What are you studying for?

Who is studying with you?

Text 4:

Read the following text and answer the questions:

"I am currently reading a book in the library. The story is very interesting. Some students
are also reading quietly."
Where are you reading?

What are you reading?

Who is reading quietly?

Texto 5:

Read the following text and answer the questions:

"I am currently helping my mom in the kitchen. We are cooking dinner together. My dad is
setting the table."
What are you doing in the kitchen?

Who are you cooking dinner with?

What is your dad doing?

48

7)Choose the correct option (Present Simple or Present Continuous) to complete

each sentence:

She usually ___________ (goes / is going) to the park on Sundays.

They ___________ (play / are playing) soccer every weekend.

We ___________ (watch / are watching) a movie tonight.

The cat ___________ (sleeps / is sleeping) on the couch right now.

He ___________ (reads / is reading) a book at the moment.

My parents ___________ (work / are working) in the office.

The train ___________ (arrives / is arriving) at 8 o'clock in the morning.

We ___________ (have / are having) dinner at a restaurant tonight.

You ___________ (play / are playing) the guitar very well.

The students ___________ (study / are studying) for the test now.

The dog ___________ (barks / is barking) loudly in the backyard.

She ___________ (teaches / is teaching) English at the school.

They ___________ (visit / are visiting) their grandparents this weekend.

My sister ___________ (plays / is playing) the piano right now.

We ___________ (go / are going) to the beach tomorrow.

He usually ___________ (wakes / is waking) up early in the morning.

The baby ___________ (laughs / is laughing) at the funny toy.

I ___________ (write / am writing) a letter to my friend.

They ___________ (have / are having) a party on Saturday.

The birds ___________ (sing / are singing) in the tree.

She ___________ (cooks / is cooking) dinner for her family tonight.

We ___________ (read / are reading) a book about space.

He ___________ (plays / is playing) video games every evening.

The students ___________ (listen / are listening) to the teacher in the classroom.

The cat ___________ (chases / is chasing) a butterfly in the garden.

My mom ___________ (works / is working) in an office.

They ___________ (swim / are swimming) in the pool right now.

We ___________ (visit / are visiting) a museum tomorrow.

The car ___________ (drives / is driving) on the highway.

 49

He ___________ (dances / is dancing) to his favorite song.

Choose the correct option

Text 1 - Lionel Messi:

Lionel Messi is a professional football player from Argentina. He (plays / is playing) for Paris
Saint-Germain (PSG). He is known for his incredible skills and goal-scoring abilities. Messi
usually (plays / is playing) as a forward and (leads / is leading) his team to victory in many
matches. Right now, he (trains / is training) hard with his teammates to prepare for the
upcoming season. He often participates in charity events and donates a portion of his
earnings to help those in need. Messi frequently (travels / is traveling) around the world to
play in different football tournaments. At the moment, he (works / is working) on improving
his physical fitness and honing his skills. His fans eagerly (await / are awaiting) his next
match and (expect / are expecting) him to deliver another outstanding performance.

Text 2 - Maradona:

Maradona (was / is) a legendary Argentine football player who (left / leaves) a lasting impact
on the sport. He (played / plays) for several top clubs and (represented / represents) the
Argentine national team. Maradona (is / was) widely regarded as one of the greatest players
of all time. He (possessed / possesses) incredible dribbling skills and (had / has) a strong
presence on the field. Maradona often (used / uses) his creativity to outwit his opponents.
He usually (played / plays) as an attacking midfielder and (could / can) score goals from
almost anywhere on the field. Nowadays, people (remember / are remembering) his
remarkable contributions to the sport. His fans frequently (celebrate / are celebrating) his
iconic moments and (watch / are watching) his famous goals on video. Even though he (is /
was) no longer alive, his legacy (lives / is living) on, and his impact on football (is / remains)
still felt today.

Text 3 - Madonna:
Madonna (is / was) a renowned American singer, songwriter, and actress. She (has / has
been) a successful career spanning several decades. Madonna (is known / is knowing) for her powerful
voice and catchy songs. She usually (performs / is performing) in front of large audiences and
(mesmerizes / is mesmerizing) them with her energetic stage presence. At the moment, she (works / is
working) on her latest album and (collaborates / is collaborating)
with other talented musicians. Madonna often (reinvents / is reinventing) herself and (stays
/ is staying) relevant in the ever-changing music industry. She frequently (tours / is touring) around the
world, entertaining her fans with electrifying performances. Madonna is also (involved / is involved) in
various philanthropic activities and (supports / is supporting) causes related to human rights and
equality. Her fans eagerly (await / are awaiting) her new
releases and (eagerly attend / attend eagerly) her concerts.
50
Text 4 - Taylor Swift:

Taylor Swift (is / was) a popular American singer-songwriter (known / is known) for her
heartfelt lyrics and captivating melodies. She (has achieved / is achieving) great success in
the music industry. Taylor usually (writes / is writing) her own songs and (expresses / is
expressing) her personal experiences through her music. Currently, she (works / is working)
on her next album, (experimenting / is experimenting) with different musical styles. Taylor
often (collaborates / is collaborating) with other artists and (explores / is exploring) new
creative directions. She frequently (performs / is performing) at sold-out concerts and
(connects / is connecting) with her fans through her performances. Taylor (is / is being) also
actively (involved / involving) in charitable work, (supporting / is supporting) causes like
education and disaster relief. Her fans eagerly (anticipate / are anticipating) her new
releases and (appreciate / are appreciating) her authenticity as an artist.

Simple Past
Affirmative

1. She ______ (study) for her exam last night.

2. They ______ (play) soccer in the park yesterday.

3. We ______ (visit) our grandparents during the summer vacation.

4. He ______ (watch) a movie at the cinema last weekend.

5. I ______ (finish) reading the book yesterday.

6. Mary ______ (bake) a cake for her sister's birthday party.

7. The students ______ (clean) their classrooms after school.

8. Tom ______ (ride) his bike to the park yesterday.

9. We ______ (have) a delicious dinner at the restaurant last night.

10. Sarah ______ (paint) a beautiful picture for her art project.

Negative:

1. She ______ (not study) for her exam last night.

2. They ______ (not play) soccer in the park yesterday.

3. We ______ (not visit) our grandparents during the summer vacation.

4. He ______ (not watch) a movie at the cinema last weekend.

5. I ______ (not finish) reading the book yesterday.

6. Mary ______ (not bake) a cake for her sister's birthday party.
7. The students ______ (not clean) their classrooms after school.

8. Tom ______ (not ride) his bike to the park yesterday.

9. We ______ (not have) a delicious dinner at the restaurant last night.

10. Sarah ______ (not paint) a beautiful picture for her art project.

Questions:
 51

1. ______ she ______ (study) for her exam last night?

2. ______ they ______ (play) soccer in the park yesterday?

3. ______ we ______ (visit) our grandparents during the summer vacation?

4. ______ he ______ (watch) a movie at the cinema last weekend?

5. ______ you ______ (finish) reading the book yesterday?

6. ______ Mary ______ (bake) a cake for her sister's birthday party?

7. ______ the students ______ (clean) their classrooms after school?

8. ______ Tom ______ (ride) his bike to the park yesterday?

9. ______ we ______ (have) a delicious dinner at the restaurant last night?

10. ______ Sarah ______ (paint) a beautiful picture for her art project?

Choose the correct option (A, B, C o D).

1. She _____ (go / went) to the park yesterday. A) go B) went C) goed D) gone

2. They _____ (watch / watched) a movie last night. A) watch B) watched C) watche D)
watchs
3. We _____ (play / played) soccer on Saturday. A) play B) played C) playd D) plays
4. He _____ (eat / ate) pizza for dinner. A) eat B) ate C) eated D) eaten

5. I _____ (study / studied) for the test. A) study B) studied C) studyed D) studying

6. Mary _____ (write / wrote) a letter to her friend. A) write B) wrote C) writed D)
written
7. They _____ (visit / visited) their grandparents last weekend. A) visit B) visited C)
visitd D) visitting
8. He _____ (run / ran) in the race yesterday. A) run B) ran C) runned D) running
9. We _____ (clean / cleaned) the house on Sunday. A) clean B) cleaned C) cleand D)
cleaning
10. She _____ (drink / drank) a cup of tea this morning. A) drink B) drank C) drinked D)
drinking
11. The cat _____ (jump / jumped) off the table. A) jump B) jumped C) jumpd D) jumping

12. We _____ (stay / stayed) at a hotel during our vacation. A) stay B) stayed C) stayd
D) staying
13. He _____ (catch / caught) the ball with one hand. A) catch B) caught C) catched D)
catching
14. They _____ (buy / bought) new clothes for the party. A) buy B) bought C) buyed D)
buying
 52

15. I _____ (lose / lost) my keys yesterday. A) lose B) lost C) losed D) losing

Reading Comprehension
Text 1

Last Summer Adventure

Last summer, my family and I went on a fantastic vacation to the beach. We arrived at our
beach house on a sunny day. Every morning, we woke up early and walked along the shore.
The
waves crashed against the rocks, and seagulls flew overhead. We played in the sand, built
sandcastles, and collected seashells. In the evenings, we watched the beautiful sunset while
enjoying a delicious barbecue. We also went swimming in the refreshing ocean and had fun
surfing the waves. It was an unforgettable summer adventure!

Questions:
1. Where did the family go last summer?

2. What did they do every morning?

3. What did they collect on the beach?

4. What did they do in the evenings?

5. What activities did they enjoy in the ocean?

6. Was it a memorable summer adventure?

Text 2:
The Lost Key

Last weekend, I visited my grandparents' house. While I was there, I realized that I had
lost the key to the garden shed. I searched everywhere, but I couldn't find it. I asked my
grandparents if they had seen it, but they hadn't. We decided to look for it together. We
checked the kitchen, the living room, and even the backyard, but still no luck. Finally, after
an hour of searching, my grandmother found it under a pile of books in the study. I was
relieved and grateful. It was a lesson for me to be more careful with my belongings.
Questions:

1. Where did the narrator visit last weekend?

2. What did the narrator realize during the visit?

3. Where did the narrator search for the lost key?

4. Who found the key in the end?

5. How long did it take to find the key?

6. What did the narrator learn from the experience?

53

A Memorable Concert

Last month, I attended a memorable concert of my favorite band. The atmosphere was
electric as thousands of fans gathered in the stadium. The band members appeared on
stage,
and the crowd erupted with excitement. They performed all their hit songs, and everyone
sang along. The lead singer's voice was incredible, and the guitar solos were mind-blowing.
The energy in the air was contagious, and we danced and jumped throughout the entire

show.
The concert ended with a spectacular fireworks display, leaving us with unforgettable
memories.

Questions:

1. When did the narrator attend the concert?

2. Where did the concert take place?

3. How did the crowd react when the band appeared on stage?

4. What did the band members do during the concert?

5. How did the concert end?

6. Did the narrator enjoy the concert?

Text 4:
The Camping Adventure

Last summer, my friends and I decided to go on a camping adventure in the mountains. We

hiked through lush forests, crossed crystal-clear streams, and set up our tents near a
picturesque lake. During the day, we went fishing and explored the surrounding trails. In the
evenings, we gathered around the campfire, roasted marshmallows, and shared stories. We
slept under the starry sky and woke up to the sound of birds chirping. It was a thrilling and
unforgettable experience that brought us closer together.
Questions:

1. When did the camping adventure take place?

2. Where did the group set up their tents?

3. What activities did they do during the day?

4. How did they spend their evenings?

5. How did they sleep during the camping trip?

6. Did the adventure bring the group closer together?

Past Continuous

Exercise 1:

Complete the following sentences using the Past Continuous tense with the verbs in
parentheses:
54

They ______________ (play) basketball when it started raining.

I ______________ (read) a book while my brother was watching TV.

She ______________ (dance) at the party when her favorite song came on.

We ______________ (cook) dinner when the power went out.

He ______________ (work) on his project while his friends were playing video games.

Exercise 2:

Write sentences in the Past Continuous to describe the following situations:

Mary / sing / in the shower.

The kids / play / in the park.

The dog / chase / its tail.

I / study / for the exam.

They / dance / at the party.

Exercise 3:

Complete the following sentences in the Past Continuous tense in affirmative,

negative,
or interrogative form:
Sarah ______________ (cook) dinner when her friends arrived.

They ______________ (not watch) TV when the phone rang.

______________ you ______________ (listen) to music while you were studying?

My parents ______________ (not sleep) when I got home late.

______________ the cat ______________ (play) with a ball?

Exercise 4:

Arrange the words to form sentences in the Past Continuous:

they / soccer / playing / were.

they / were / walking / while / it / raining.

I / phone / rang / when / cooking / dinner / the / was.

she / in / the / shower / was / singing.

all night / for / I / studying / the / exam / was.

Exercise 5:
Complete the following sentences in the Past Continuous tense with the correct
form of the verb:
The children ______________ (laugh) and ______________ (run) around the playground.

I ______________ (sit) in the park, enjoying the sunshine.

55

While I ______________ (clean) my room, my sister ______________ (listen) to music. They

______________ (play) chess when the phone ______________ (ring).

We ______________ (have) a picnic when it ______________ (start) to rain

Exercise 6

Choose the correct option

While I ___________ (watch) TV, the phone ___________ (ring).

a) watched / rang

b) was watching / rang

c) watched / was ringing

d) was watching / was ringing

She ___________ (dance) at the party when her favorite song ___________ (come) on.

a) danced / came

b) was dancing / came

c) danced / was coming

d) was dancing / was coming

We ___________ (have) dinner when the doorbell ___________ (ring).

a) had / rang

b) were having / rang

c) had / was ringing

d) were having / was ringing

They ___________ (play) soccer when it ___________ (start) to rain.

a) played / started

b) were playing / started

c) played / was starting

d) were playing / was starting

While he ___________ (study) for the exam, his friends ___________ (watch) a movie.

a) studied / watched
b) was studying / watched
56

c) studied / were watching

d) was studying / were watching

I ___________ (clean) the house when the cat ___________ (knock) over a vase.

a) cleaned / knocked

b) was cleaning / knocked

c) cleaned / was knocking

d) was cleaning / was knocking

They ___________ (travel) to Paris last summer and ___________ (visit) all the famous
landmarks.
a) traveled / visited
b) were traveling / visited

c) traveled / were visiting

d) were traveling / were visiting

While she ___________ (read) a book, her phone ___________ (ring).

a) read / rang

b) was reading / rang

c) read / was ringing

d) was reading / was ringing

He ___________ (play) the guitar while his friends ___________ (sing) along.

a) played / sang

b) was playing / sang

c) played / were singing

d) was playing / were singing

They ___________ (walk) in the park when it ___________ (start) to snow.

a) walked / started

b) were walking / started

c) walked / was starting

d) were walking / was starting

While I ___________ (cook) dinner, the smoke alarm ___________ (go) off.

a) cooked / went
b) was cooking / went
57

c) cooked / was going

d) was cooking / was going

She ___________ (paint) a picture while her sister ___________ (play) the piano.

a) painted / played

b) was painting / played

c) painted / was playing

d) was painting / was playing

We ___________ (have) a great time at the concert last night. The band ___________
(perform) their best songs.
a) had / performed
b) were having / performed

c) had / was performing

d) were having / was performing

While they ___________ (wait) for the bus, it ___________ (start) to rain.

a) waited / started

b) were waiting / started

c) waited / was starting

d) were waiting / was starting

He ___________ (write) an email while his friends ___________ (play) video games.

a) wrote / played

b) was writing / played

c) wrote / were playing

d) was writing / were playing

They ___________ (swim) in the pool when the lifeguard ___________ (blow) the whistle.
a) swam / blew

b) were swimming / blew

c) swam / was blowing

d) were swimming / was blowing

While she ___________ (study) for the test, her brother ___________ (watch) TV.

a) studied / watched
b) was studying / watched
58

c) studied / was watching

d) was studying / was watching

I ___________ (take) a shower when the phone ___________ (ring).

a) took / rang

b) was taking / rang

c) took / was ringing

d) was taking / was ringing

He ___________ (work) on his project while his colleagues ___________ (attend) a

meeting.
a) worked / attended

b) was working / attended

c) worked / were attending

d) was working / were attending

While they ___________ (travel) through Europe, they ___________ (visit) many famous
cities.
a) traveled / visited

b) were traveling / visited

c) traveled / were visiting

d) were traveling / were visiting

Going to and Will

Choose the correct option

I ___________ (visit / am going to visit / will visit) my grandparents tomorrow.

a) visit

b) am going to visit

c) will visit

d) No change

We ___________ (have / are going to have / will have) a party next weekend.
a) have

b) are going to have

c) will have
59

d) No change

She ___________ (study / is going to study / will study) for her exams tonight.

a) study

b) is going to study

c) will study

d) No change

They ___________ (go / are going to go / will go) to the beach this summer.

a) go

b) are going to go

c) will go
d) No change

He ___________ (buy / is going to buy / will buy) a new car next month.

a) buy

b) is going to buy

c) will buy

d) No change
The company ___________ (launch / is going to launch / will launch) a new product next
year.
a) launch

b) is going to launch

c) will launch
d) No change

We ___________ (watch / are going to watch / will watch) a movie tonight.

a) watch

b) are going to watch

c) will watch

d) No change
She ___________ (start / is going to start / will start) a new job in September.

a) start
b) is going to start

c) will start
d) No change
60

They ___________ (travel / are going to travel / will travel) to Europe next year.

a) travel

b) are going to travel

c) will travel

d) No change

I ___________ (call / am going to call / will call) you later.

a) call

b) am going to call

c) will call
d) No change

He ___________ (meet / is going to meet / will meet) his friends for lunch tomorrow.

a) meet

b) is going to meet

c) will meet

d) No change
We ___________ (finish / are going to finish / will finish) our project by the end of the
week.
a) finish

b) are going to finish

c) will finish
d) No change

They ___________ (buy / are going to buy / will buy) a new house next year.
a) buy

b) are going to buy

c) will buy

d) No change
She ___________ (start / is going to start / will start) her dance lessons next month.

a) start
b) is going to start

c) will start
d) No change
61

He ___________ (pass / is going to pass / will pass) his driving test next week.

a) pass

b) is going to pass

c) will pass

d) No change

We ___________ (visit / are going to visit / will visit) our relatives during the summer
vacation.
a) visit
b) are going to visit

c) will visit
d) No change

They ___________ (move / are going to move / will move) to a new city next year.
a) move

b) are going to move

c) will move

d) No change
I ___________ (study / am going to study / will study) for the exam tonight.

a) study

b) am going to study

c) will study

d) No change

She ___________ (travel / is going to travel / will travel) to Japan next month.

a) travel

b) is going to travel

c) will travel
d) No change

They ___________ (buy / are going to buy / will buy) a new car soon.

a) buy

b) are going to buy

c) will buy

d) No change
 62

Used
To
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of "Used To" and the verb in
parentheses.

My grandmother __________ (cook) delicious meals when she was young.

We __________ (go) camping every summer.

They __________ (play) soccer in the park.

She __________ (read) a lot of books when she was a child.

He __________ (visit) his grandparents every Sunday.

Exercise 2: Write affirmative, negative, or interrogative sentences using "Used To" and
the given information.

I / watch / cartoons every morning.

They / have / a pet cat.

She / live / in a small town.

We / eat / pizza every Friday.

He / play / the piano when he was younger.

Exercise 3: Complete the dialogue using "Used To" and the given information.

Person A: Did you use to play any musical instruments?

Person B: Yes, I __________ (play) the guitar when I was in high school.

Exercise 4: Write true sentences about your own experiences using "Used To".

Example: I used to live in a different country, but now I live here.

Present Perfect
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.

She __________ (travel) to many countries.

We __________ (not finish) our project yet.

They __________ (live) in this city for five years.

63

He __________ (already eat) dinner.

I __________ (not see) that movie before.

Exercise 2: Write affirmative, negative, or interrogative sentences using the Present

Perfect and the given information.

Sarah / visit / New York.

They / not watch / the new movie.

He / study / French.
We / not visit / the museum.

Have / you / ever try / sushi?

Exercise 3: Complete the dialogue using the Present Perfect and the given information.

Person A: Have you ever been to a music concert?

Person B: Yes, I __________ (go) to a concert last month. It was incredible!

Exercise 4: Write true sentences about your own experiences using the Present Perfect.
Example: I have visited many countries in Europe.

Exercise 5: Choose the correct option (already, yet, just, for, since) to complete each
sentence.

I have __________ finished my homework.

Have you __________ seen the new movie?

She has __________ arrived at the airport.

We haven't seen them __________.

They have been here __________ two hours.

Exercise 6: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word (already, yet, just, for, since).

He has __________ graduated from college.

Have you __________ bought a new car?

We haven't met __________.

They have been friends __________ childhood.

She has __________ moved to a new city.

64

Exercise 7: Complete the sentences with the correct word (already, yet, just, for,
since).

I have __________ booked the tickets.

Has he __________ finished his project?

She hasn't called me __________.

We have been waiting here __________ an hour.

They have known each other __________ they were kids.

Exercise 8: Choose the appropriate word (already, yet, just, for, since) to complete
the sentences.

I have __________ visited Paris, but I haven't been to London __________.

Have you __________ tried sushi __________?

She has __________ started her new job

We haven't seen the movie __________, but we plan to watch it soon.

They have been friends __________ a long time .

Exercise 5: Fill in the blanks with the correct word (already, yet, just, for, since).

He has __________ left for the airport.

Have you __________ finished your homework __________?

She hasn't called her parents __________.

We have been waiting here __________ ages.

They have known each other __________ they were in elementary school.

First
Conditional
If it __________ (rain), we __________ (stay) at home.

a) rains / will stay

b) will rain / stay

c) will rain / will stay

If you __________ (study), you __________ (pass) the exam.

a) study / will pass

b) will study / pass

65

c) will study / will pass

If she __________ (miss) the bus, she __________ (be) late for work.

a) misses / will be

b) will miss / be

c) will miss / will be

If we __________ (not hurry), we __________ (miss) the train.

a) don't hurry / will miss

b) won't hurry / miss

c) won't hurry / will miss

If he __________ (practice), he __________ (improve) his skills.

a) practices / will improve

b) will practice / improve

c) will practice / will improve

If they __________ (save) money, they __________ (buy) a new car.

a) save / will buy

b) will save / buy

c) will save / will buy

If it __________ (snow), we __________ (build) a snowman.

a) snows / will build

b) will snow / build

c) will snow / will build

If you __________ (invite) him, he __________ (come) to the party.

a) invite / will come

b) will invite / come

c) will invite / will come

66

If she __________ (not feel) well, she __________ (see) a doctor.

a) doesn't feel / will see

b) won't feel / see

c) won't feel / will see

If we __________ (finish) early, we __________ (go) to the movies.

a) finish / will go

b) will finish / go
c) will finish / will go

If he __________ (not study), he __________ (fail) the test.

a) doesn't study / will fail

b) won't study / fail

c) won't study / will fail

If they __________ (win) the game, they __________ (celebrate) tonight.

a) win / will celebrate

b) will win / celebrate

c) will win / will celebrate

If it __________ (get) hot, we __________ (go) swimming.

a) gets / will go

b) will get / go
c) will get / will go

If you __________ (not hurry), you __________ (miss) the bus.

a) don't hurry / will miss

b) won't hurry / miss

c) won't hurry / will miss

If she __________ (call), I __________ (answer) the phone.

a) calls / will answer
67

b) will call / answer

c) will call / will answer

Use First Conditional

If it (rain) tomorrow, we (stay) at home.

If you (study) hard, you (pass) the exam.

If she (call) me, I (help) her.

If they (arrive) late, the concert (start) without them.

If he (work) hard, he (get) a promotion.

If we (leave) now, we (catch) the train.

If it (snow) tonight, we (build) a snowman.

If you (eat) too much, you (get) sick.

If she (lose) her keys, she (have) to find them.

If they (win) the game, they (celebrate) all night.

If he (miss) the bus, he (take) a taxi.

If we (finish) early, we (go) to the cinema.

If it (get) dark, we (turn) on the lights.

If you (not listen) carefully, you (miss) important

information. If she (invite) us, we (attend) the party.

If they (not hurry), they (miss) the train.

If he (pass) the test, he (be) happy.

If we (not find) a solution, we (have) to start over.

If it (rain), I (take) an umbrella.

If you (not study), you (fail) the exam.

Answer
carefully
What will you do if you (win) the lottery?

Where will you go if it (snow) tomorrow?

What will happen if you (press) that button?

What will you buy if you (save) enough money?

Where will you stay if your flight (get) canceled?

68

What will you do if you (find) a wallet on the street?

What will happen if you (not study) for the exam?

Where will you go if it (rain) this weekend?

What will you do if your favorite band (come) to

town? What will happen if you (eat) too much spicy

food?

Second Conditional

If I had more time, I ________ to the beach.

a) will go

b) would go

c) go

d) gone

If she ________ the lottery, she would buy a new car.

a) win

b) won

c) will win

d) would win

If they ________ early, they would catch the train.

a) leave
b) leaving

c) left

d) leaves

If it ________ tomorrow, we would have a picnic.

a) rains

b) will rain

c) rained

d) would rain

If he ________ more money, he would travel the world.

a) has

b) had

c) have
69

d) would have

If we ________ late, we would miss the movie.

a) are

b) were

c) will be

d) would be

If she ________ the job interview, she would be very happy.

a) passes

b) passed

c) will pass
d) would pass

If they ________ the concert, they would dance all night.

a) attend

b) attended

c) will attend

d) would attend
If it ________ sunny, we would go for a hike.

a) is

b) was

c) will be

d) would be

If you ________ harder, you would get better grades.

a) study

b) studied

c) will study

d) would study

If he ________ the game, he would celebrate with his friends.

a) wins

b) won
c) will win

d) would win

If we ________ the party, we would bring a gift.

70

a) attend

b) attended

c) will attend

d) would attend

If she ________ the train, she would be late for work.

a) misses

b) missed

c) will miss

d) would miss

If it ________ colder, we would build a snowman.

a) gets

b) got

c) will get

d) would get

If you ________ more vegetables, you would feel healthier.

a) eat
b) ate

c) will eat

d) would eat

Complete with Second Conditional

If I had more money, I (travel) around the world.

If she studied harder, she (get) better grades.

If they won the lottery, they (buy) a big house.

If it rained tomorrow, we (stay) indoors.

If he learned another language, he (work) in an international

company. If we lived closer, we (visit) each other more often.

If she had more free time, she (take) up a new hobby.

If they saw a ghost, they (run) away screaming.

If it snowed, we (go) skiing in the mountains.

If you practiced more, you (become) a skilled musician.

If he won the competition, he (celebrate) with his friends.

If we had a time machine, we (travel) to the past.

71

If she spoke Spanish fluently, she (live) in a Spanish-speaking

country. If they had a car, they (go) on a road trip.

If it were warmer, we (have) a picnic in the park.

If you saved money, you (buy) a new computer.

If he had more time, he (read) more books.

If we won the lottery, we (quit) our jobs and travel the world.

If she met a celebrity, she (take) a selfie with them.

If they had superpowers, they (save) the world.

Answer

What would you do if you won a million dollars?

If you could travel to any place in the world, where would you go?

If you had the opportunity, would you change your career?

What would you do if you met your favorite celebrity?

If you had the chance, would you live in a different country?

What would you do if you found a lost wallet with a lot of money inside?

If you could have any superpower, what would it be and why?

What would you do if you had a day without any responsibilities or obligations?

If you could go back in time, what advice would you give your younger self?

What would you do if you won a trip to outer space?

Have to and Must

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with "Have to" or "Must".

You __________ finish your homework before watching TV.

We __________ wear uniforms to school every day.

Sarah __________ clean her room every weekend.

Students __________ study for their exams.

I __________ go to bed early because I have school tomorrow.

Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with the correct form of "Have to" or "Must". The

doctor said I __________ eat more vegetables for a healthy diet.

 72

We __________ be quiet in the library.

They __________ take the bus to school because their car is broken.

You __________ wear a seatbelt when driving a car.

My little sister __________ do her chores before going out to play.

Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences using "Have to" or "Must".

I need to finish my homework. (I __________ finish my homework.)

It is necessary to brush your teeth twice a day. (You __________ brush your teeth twice a
day.)
He is required to wear a helmet while riding a bike. (He __________ wear a helmet while
riding a bike.)
We should arrive at the airport early. (We __________ arrive at the airport early.)

It is important to follow the rules. (You __________ follow the rules.)

Exercise 4: Choose the correct option: "Have to" or "Must".

Students __________ wear a school uniform. (Have to / Must)

I __________ buy some groceries after school. (Have to / Must)

She __________ finish her project by tomorrow. (Have to / Must)

We __________ be on time for the meeting. (Have to / Must)

You __________ ask permission before leaving the classroom. (Have to / Must)

"who, whom, whose, which, or that".

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with "who, whom, whose, which, or that".

The girl __________ won the race is my sister.

The book __________ I borrowed from the library is very interesting.

The man __________ I met at the party is a famous actor.

This is the house __________ roof is painted blue.

The teacher __________ helped us with the project is very kind.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences using the correct relative pronoun.

This is the dog. Its tail is wagging happily. (This is the dog __________ tail is wagging
happily.)
She is the girl. I met her at the park. (She is the girl __________ I met at the park.)
73

The car is very old. Its engine needs repair. (The car __________ engine needs repair is very
old.)
This is the museum. It has a large collection of art. (This is the museum __________ has a
large collection of art.)
He is the man. He saved the cat from the tree. (He is the man __________ saved the cat
from the tree.)
Exercise 3: Choose the correct relative pronoun: "who, whom, whose, which, or that".

The boy __________ won the spelling bee is my friend. (who / whom / whose / which / that)

This is the house __________ roof is leaking. (who / whom / whose / which / that)

She is the teacher __________ we admire. (who / whom / whose / which / that)

The cake __________ I baked turned out delicious. (who / whom / whose / which / that)

He is the man __________ fixed my computer. (who / whom / whose / which / that)
Exercise 4: Complete the sentences using the correct relative pronoun.

The girl __________ is sitting next to me is my best friend.

This is the movie __________ we watched last night.

The boy __________ won the race received a trophy.

I have a friend __________ has a pet dog.

The car __________ we bought is brand new.

Comparative and Superlatives adjectives

Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with the correct comparative or superlative form
of the adjectives.
The elephant is __________ (big) animal in the world.

This book is __________ (interesting) than the one I read last week.

My sister is __________ (tall) than me.

The red car is __________ (fast) than the blue car.

This is __________ (delicious) cake I've ever tasted.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences using the comparative or superlative form of the
adjectives.

Tom is tall. Peter is shorter than Tom. (Tom is tall, but Peter is __________)
74

This house is big. That house is bigger than this house. (This house is big, but that house is
__________)
This movie is good. That movie is better than this movie. (This movie is good, but that movie
is __________)
She is smart. He is the smartest person in the class. (She is smart, but he is __________)

It is hot today. Yesterday was hotter than today. (It is hot today, but yesterday was
__________)
Exercise 3: Choose the correct form of the adjective: comparative or superlative.
The sun is __________ (hot) than the moon. (comparative / superlative)

This is __________ (beautiful) painting I have ever seen. (comparative / superlative)

Elephants are __________ (big) land animals. (comparative / superlative)

My dog is __________ (friendly) than your dog. (comparative / superlative)

This is the __________ (expensive) watch in the store. (comparative / superlative)

Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with the correct comparative or superlative form of
the adjectives.
The blue car is __________ (fast) than the red car.
My brother is __________ (tall) than me.

Apples are __________ (healthy) than candies.

This is the __________ (interesting) book I've ever read.

Winter is __________ (cold) season of the year.

Passive Voice

Exercise 1: Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

They clean the classroom every day. (The classroom __________ every day.)

We will finish the project tomorrow. (The project __________ tomorrow.)

He repaired the car yesterday. (The car __________ yesterday.)

The teacher is explaining the lesson now. (The lesson __________ by the teacher now.)

The students have completed the homework. (The homework __________ by the students.)

Exercise 2: Complete the sentences using the passive voice.

The cake __________ (bake) by my mom.

75

The window __________ (break) by the baseball.

The book __________ (write) by Mark Twain.

The song __________ (sing) by a famous singer.

The letter __________ (send) by John yesterday.

Exercise 3: Change the sentences to passive voice.

They built a new school in the town. (A new school __________ in the town.)

She is cooking dinner in the kitchen. (Dinner __________ in the kitchen by her.)

The dog chased the cat up the tree. (The cat __________ up the tree by the dog.)

They have painted the walls blue. (The walls __________ blue by them.)

The mechanic will fix the car tomorrow. (The car __________ by the mechanic tomorrow.)
Exercise 4: Identify the sentences in passive voice.

The cake was baked by my sister.

The ball was thrown by the boy.

They are watching a movie at the theater.

The house was painted last week.

The letter has been sent by Sarah.

Exercise 5: Change the sentences to active voice.

The song was sung by a famous singer. (A famous singer __________ the song.)

The book was written by J.K. Rowling. (J.K. Rowling __________ the book.)

The room is cleaned by the housekeeper. (The housekeeper __________ the room.)

The picture was drawn by my little sister. (My little sister __________ the picture.)

The message has been delivered by the postman. (The postman __________ the message.)

Exercise 6: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in passive voice.

The movie __________ (watch) by millions of people.

The bicycle __________ (ride) by my brother every day.

The cake __________ (eat) by the guests at the party.

The flowers __________ (water) by the gardener every morning.

The keys __________ (lose) by someone in the park.

76

Choose the correct option to complete each sentence using the passive voice.

1. The cake __________ by my mom. a) baked b) is baked c) was baked

2. The window __________ by the baseball. a) break b) is broken c) was broken

3. The book __________ by Mark Twain. a) writes b) is written c) was written

4. The song __________ by a famous singer. a) sings b) is sung c) was sung

5. The letter __________ by John yesterday. a) sends b) is sent c) was sent

6. The car __________ every week. a) washes b) is washed c) was washed

7. The building __________ last year. a) construct b) is constructed c) was constructed

8. The message __________ to the wrong person. a) send b) is sent c) was sent

9. The painting __________ by a famous artist. a) paints b) is painted c) was painted

10. The cookies __________ in the oven. a) bake b) are baked c) were baked

11. The problem __________ by the teacher. a) solves b) is solved c) was solved

12. The concert __________ next week. a) performs b) is performed c) was performed

13. The house __________ by a family. a) buys b) is bought c) was bought

14. The tickets __________ online. a) buy b) are bought c) were bought

15. The story __________ to the children at bedtime. a) tells b) is told c) was told
16. The photographs __________ on the wall. a) hang b) are hung c) were hung

17. The information __________ on the website. a) provides b) is provided c) was

provided
18. The flowers __________ in the garden. a) plant b) are planted c) were planted

19. The mistake __________ by the student. a) corrects b) is corrected c) was

corrected
20. The test __________ next Monday. a) takes b) is taken c) was taken

"Relative Pronouns" and "Indefinite Pronouns"

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word: someone, anyone, no
one, everyone.

__________ ate all the cookies in the jar.

Is __________ here to help me with this task?

There is __________ like my mom to make me feel better.

__________ is invited to the party next Saturday.
77

Exercise 2: Choose the correct word: something, anything, nothing.

I'm thirsty. Can you get me __________ to drink?

She searched the room but found __________ valuable.

Did you see __________ unusual on your way to school?

I have __________ to show you. It's a surprise!

Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word: everybody, nobody, someone,
each.
__________ needs to bring their own lunch to the picnic.

Is __________ available to answer the phone?

__________ left their backpack in the classroom.

__________ of the students received a prize for their artwork.

Exercise 4: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word: anyone, everyone, somebody,
nobody.
Is __________ able to solve this math problem?

__________ is excited about the field trip tomorrow.

__________ wants to play with the new toy in the classroom.

__________ has seen my missing pencil case.

Exercise 5: Choose the correct word: everyone, someone, nobody.

__________ won the singing competition last night.

__________ is allowed to enter the room without permission.

__________ is expected to participate in the school assembly.

__________ forgot to turn off the lights in the classroom.

Exercise 6: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word: anything, nothing, something,
everybody.
__________ in the class loves ice cream.

Did you find __________ interesting to read in the library?

I have __________ important to discuss with you.

__________ is ready for the science experiment.

78

"Need to," "Must," "Have to," "Should," and "Ought

to":

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verb: need to, must, have to,
should, ought to.
You __________ brush your teeth before going to bed.

We __________ wear a helmet when riding a bike.

He __________ finish his homework before watching TV.

They __________ clean their room every weekend.

Students __________ listen to their teachers in class.

She __________ study for the exam to get a good grade.

Exercise 2: Choose the correct modal verb: need to, must, have to, should.

You __________ eat vegetables for a balanced diet.

We __________ be at the airport before 9 a.m.

He __________ ask for permission before leaving the classroom.

They __________ wear a seatbelt in the car.

Students __________ be respectful to their classmates and teachers.

She __________ drink plenty of water to stay hydrated.

Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with the appropriate modal verb: need to, must,
have to, should, ought to.
Children __________ be polite to their elders.
We __________ arrive on time for the meeting.

He __________ take his medicine three times a day.

They __________ follow the rules of the game.

Students __________ complete their assignments on time.

She __________ apologize for her mistake.

Exercise 4: Fill in the blanks with the correct modal verb: need to, must, have to,
should.
You __________ wear sunscreen to protect your skin from the sun.
We __________ respect other people's opinions.

He __________ be careful while crossing the road.

79

Students __________ listen to the teacher during the lesson.

She __________ practice playing the piano every day.

Exercise 5: Choose the appropriate modal verb: need to, must, have to, should.

You __________ call your parents to let them know you're safe.

We __________ do our homework before going out to play.

He __________ apologize for his rude behavior.

They __________ study for the upcoming test.

Students __________ ask questions if they don't understand.

She __________ be kind to others.

Exercise 6: Fill in the blanks with the suitable modal verb: need to, must, have to,
should, ought to.
Children __________ do their chores regularly.
We __________ wear warm clothes in cold weather.

He __________ be honest and tell the truth.

They __________ be responsible for their actions.

Students __________ listen carefully to the instructions.

She __________ respect her elders.

/nota
EXTRA
ACTIVITIES
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE
VERBS.

1- She ................................... (finish) her book.

2- They ................................... (not visit) that museum yet.
3- Have you ................................... (eat) dinner?
4- He ................................... (travel) to many countries.
5- I ................................... (not see) that movie before.
6- We ................................... (clean) the house.
7- ........... they ................... (meet) the president?
8- ........... he ................... (ever climb) a mountain?
9- She ................................... (not start) her homework.
10- We ................................... (live) in this city for two years.
11- I ................................... (not read) that book.
12- Has she ................................... (visit) the Eiffel Tower?
13- They ................................... (play) volleyball together.
14- He ................................... (not win) any awards.
15- We ................................... (study) English for a long time.
16- She ................................... (already visit) Paris.
17- ........... they ................... (see) the new movie yet?
18- I ................................... (not finish) my homework.
19- Have you ................................... (ever eat) snails?
20- ........... you ................... (try) sushi?
 The Present Perfect Tense

FOR OR SINCE?
INSTRUCTIONS: COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE WITH THE CORRECT WORD
FOR OR SINCE AND THE VERB IN THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE.

1. I have been studying French ________ three years.

2. They have been friends ________ they were in kindergarten.

3. We have lived in this city ________ 2010.

4. She has been playing the piano ________ she was a child.

5. He has been working on that project ________ two weeks.

6. The team has been practicing ________ the morning.

7. My parents have been married ________ 25 years.

8. They have known each other ________ they were in college.

9. We have been waiting for the bus ________ half an hour.

10. She has been studying English ________ she moved to the United States.

11. She has been studying Spanish ________ three months.

12. They have been living in that house ________ five years.

13. We have been friends ________ we were in elementary school.

14. He has been working at the company ________ last year.

15. The students have been practicing for the school play ________ two weeks.

16. My family has been living in this country ________ a long time.

17. They have been dating ________ they met in college.

18. We have been waiting at the airport ________ two hours.

19. He has been playing the guitar ________ he was a teenager.

20. She has been saving money ________ she got her first job.
 PRESENT SIMPLE / PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Choose the correct option

a. I can't hear you. I am listening / listen to the radio.
b. My brother can't go out because he is studying / studies for his tests now.
c. A lot of people are studying / study English around the world.
d. What are you usually doing / do you usually do after school?
e. I am liking / like our new house. What about you?
f. I am not getting up / don't get up early in the morning.
g. We are staying / stay at a hotel near the beach, this week.
h. This book is difficult. I am not understanding / don't understand it.
i. She isn't speaking / doesn't speak Italian. She is speaking / speaks Spanish.
j. I am not feeling / don't feel well so I will go home.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets
a. I (always go) to bed after midnight.
b. My sister (wash) her hair at the moment.
c. He (not believe) my story.
d. Where are the boys? They (swim) in the sea.
e. My father (drink) a cup of coffee every morning.
a. I (always go) to bed after midnight.
b. My sister (wash) her hair at the moment.
c. He (not believe) my story.

Read the sentences and correct the mistakes.

a. I going to school by car.
b. She cooks dinner at the moment.
c. He swim every morning.
d. I can't go now. I reading.
PAST PERFECT

WRITE THE PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE FOLLOWING VERBS

a. be f. go k. say
b. break g. have l. see
c. cut h. leave m. take
d. drink i. lose n. tell
e. forget j. read o. win

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE AFFIRMATIVE FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS

a. The police explained that the man (break) the window.

b. My brothers (see) this movie three times.
c. She (live) in Paris before she moved to London.
d. After we (eat) breakfast we went to school.
e. Dad fixed my glasses because my brother (break) them.

CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION

a. I thought I had read / hadn't read the book before but I hadn't.
b. David knew that he had seen / had see her before. Her face looked familiar.
c. When I got to school I realised that I had lost / have lost my wallet.
d. The man told me that my package had arrived/ hadn't arrived yet
e. When I got home my dad had already left / hadn't already left.

FIND AND CORRECT THE MISTAKES IN THE SENTENCES

a. Brian returned home because he had forget his phone.
b. Helen started crying because she never seen the snow.
c. I took a taxi because I hadn't missed the bus.
d. Once I had finish studying, I watched TV.
e. The team celebrated because they have won the cup.
 The Future Tense
INSTRUCTIONS: FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE
VERB IN THE FUTURE TENSE.

1. She ________ (study) for her exam next week.

2. They ________ (travel) to Europe next month.

3. The concert ________ (start) at 7:00 PM tonight.

4. I ________ (meet) you at the cafe later.

5. He ________ (finish) his project by the end of the week.

6. We ________ (go) on vacation next summer.

7. The party ________ (take place) at the park on Saturday.

8. They ________ (buy) a new car next year.

9. She ________ (become) a doctor in the future.

10. I ________ (call) you later this evening.

11. We ________ (attend) the conference next month.

12. The movie ________ (release) in theaters next week.

13. He ________ (start) his new job in September.

14. They ________ (move) to a new city next year.

15. We ________ (have) a picnic on Sunday.

16. The restaurant ________ (open) at 6:00 AM tomorrow.

17. She ________ (learn) to play the guitar in the coming months.

18. They ________ (get) married in December.

19. I ________ (visit) my family during the holidays.

20. The project ________ (complete) by the end of the month.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
WE USE THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS FOR ACTIONS THAT WILL BE ONGOING
BEFORE A FUTURE TIME.

POSITIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION

I / You / We / They I / You / We / They Will I / you / we
He / She / It will He / She / It won’t they / he / she / it
have been playing. have been playing. have been playing?

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1- By 6 PM, I __________________________ (work) on this project for three hours.

2- By next week, she __________________________ (study) for a month.

3- By March, they __________________________ (live) here for six months.

4- The band __________________________ (rehearse) for weeks by that time.

5- By January 15, he __________________________ (travel) around for two weeks.

6- Before the meeting, we __________________________ (discuss) for an hour.

7- By 2030, she __________________________ (work) in the company for a decade.

8- We __________________________ (wait) in line for tickets for an hour by then.

9- He __________________________ (practice) the piano for five years by 2027.

10- They __________________________ (work) on the project for two months.

11- By this time tomorrow, I __________________________ (exercise) for two hours.

12- They __________________________ (prepare) the venue for the entire day.
 FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS.

1- She ................................... (dance) at the party tomorrow night.

2- They ................................... (not work) on the weekend.
3- .......... you ..................... (play) basketball with us this Friday?
4- We ................................... (have) dinner at the restaurant at 8 PM.
5- I ................................... (not watch) TV during the meeting.
6- They ................................... (sing) their favorite song at the show.
7- .......... he ..................... (study) at the library tomorrow afternoon?
8- .......... they ..................... (cook) a special meal for the party?
9- She ................................... (call) you when she arrives there?
10- I ................................... (read) a book at the beach next Sunday.
11- He ................................... (not exercise) because he will be tired.
12- Will you .......... (attend) the conference next month?
13- .......... they ..................... (visit) their grandparents this summer?
14- .......... she ..................... (teach) the dance class at 4 PM?
15- We ................................... (drive) to the mountains for a week.
16- She ................................... (not wear) a jacket; it will be warm.
17- .......... they ..................... (take) a vacation this year?
18- .......... he ..................... (paint) a picture for the art exhibition?
19- I ................................... (not sleep) because of the loud music.
20- How many people ................................... (join) the event?
 REPORTING QUESTIONS
REPORTED INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

REWRITE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN INDIRECT SPEECH, CHANGING THE VERB

TENSES ACCORDINGLY. REMEMBER THERE IS NO BACKSHIFT IF THE STATEMENT IS
STILL VALID.

1 "Do you like ice cream?" Neil asked me.

2 "Are you going to the party, Cia?" wondered Yanis.

3 "Have you finished your homework?" asked Olivia's mum.

4 "When did you see the movie, Benjamin?" asked Isabel.

5 "Were you studying last night, Mr Rodriguez?" inquired the police.

6 "Had they visited that city before?" wondered Anna.

7 "What time will you come for dinner?" Aaron's wife asked him.

8 "When will you be attending the conference?" asked the secretary.

9 "Will you have completed the project by next week?" asked his boss.

10 "Where did your parents meet?" inquired Daniel.

11 "What would you do if you saw a spider?" my friend asked me.

12 "How much did the jacket cost?" my dad asked me.

 REPORTING STATEMENTS
REPORTED AFFIRMATIVE & NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Rewrite the following sentences in indirect speech, changing the verb tenses accordingly.
Remember there is no backshift if the statement is still valid.

1 "We'll go to the cinema when it stops raining" promised dad.

2 "Chocolate is my favourite dessert" says Maxwell.

3 "I haven't finished my homework yet" cried Greta.

4 "I am going to the park" said María Rosa.

5 "We weren't able to finish the project on time" explained Samira.

6 "They had already eaten when I arrived" said Morgan.

7 "We have visited that museum before" said Drew-.

8 "He won't be available for the meeting" said the secretary.

9 "My parents won't be travelling during the holidays" said Connor.

10 "I will have finished the project by Friday" promised Donna.

11 "If it rains, we will stay indoors" said Petros.

12 "He wouldn't go if you asked him" said Alexander.

englishgrammargalaxyoficial