Worksheet 5.
1
Enthalpy Change
1 The apparatus shown on the right was used to
measure the enthalpy change
of the reaction
NiSO4(aq) + Zn(s) → Ni(s) + ZnSO4(aq)
a Describe how you would use this apparatus to
carry out an experiment to obtain data to
calculate the enthalpy change of this reaction. [5]
b The results of the experiment are as follows:
volume of NiSO4 solution = 100 cm3
initial temperature of NiSO4 solution = 19.5 °C
final temperature of NiSO4 solution = 23.5 °C
specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J K−1
Use these results to calculate:
i the energy released in the reaction [1]
ii the number of moles of NiSO4 present in 100 cm3 of the 0.200 mol dm−3 solution [1]
iii the enthalpy change of the reaction. [1]
c What assumptions have been made when calculating the enthalpy change of this reaction? [2]
d What advantages are there of using the apparatus shown above to carry out the reaction,
rather than a glass beaker. Give reasons for your answer. [2]
2 A spirit burner containing ethanol is used to heat up 200 cm3 of water in a copper calorimeter.
a Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol using the information below.
initial temperature of water = 18 °C
highest temperature of water reached = 45 °C
initial mass of spirit burner + ethanol = 196.6 g
final mass of spirit burner + ethanol = 195.5 g
specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J K−1
molar mass of ethanol = 46 g mol−1 [5]
b Why is the value of the enthalpy change of combustion in this experiment so different
from the data book value (∆Hc = −1367 kJ mol−1)? [2]
3 a Define the term enthalpy change of solution. [3]
b 4.84 g of rubidium chloride, RbCl, were completely dissolved in 45.0 cm3 of water. The
temperature of the resulting solution fell by 3.60 °C.
i Use the information in Data sheet 7 to calculate the number of moles of rubidium
chloride that dissolves. [1]
ii Calculate the amount of energy absorbed when the rubidium chloride was dissolved.
Give your answer to 3 significant figures. (Specific heat capacity of water
= 4.18 J K−1.) [1]
iii Calculate the enthalpy change of solution of rubidium chloride. Give your answer to
3 significant figures. [1]
c Apart from heat losses in the apparatus, suggest two reasons why the experimental value
may not be accurate. [2]
Worksheet 5.2
Hess Cycle
1 Given the enthalpy changes ∆H1 and ∆H2 below, construct an enthalpy cycle that will enable
you to find the enthalpy change for the following reaction:
CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g) ∆Hr
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) ∆H1
CaO(s) + 2HCl(aq) → H2O(l) + CaCl2(aq) ∆H2 [4]
2 Given the enthalpy changes ∆H3 and ∆H4 below, construct an enthalpy cycle that will enable
you to find the enthalpy change for the following reaction:
CuBr2(s) + 4H2O(l) → CuBr2.4H2O(s) ∆Hr
CuBr2(s) + aq → CuBr2(aq) ∆H3
CuBr2.4H2O(s) + aq → CuBr2(aq) ∆H4 [4]
3 Given the enthalpy changes ∆H5 and ∆H6 below, construct an enthalpy cycle that will enable
you to find the enthalpy change for the following reaction:
2NaHCO3(s) → Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) ∆Hr
HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(s) → NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) ∆H5
2HCl(aq) + Na2CO3(s) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) ∆H6 [4]
Hess' Law
Using standard enthalpies of formation
1. Given the following data: ∆Hf(CH4) = -74.8 kJmol-1, ∆Hf(CH3Cl) = -134.5 kJmol-1,
∆Hf(HCl) = -92.3 kJmol-1; Calculate ∆H for the reaction CH4(g) + Cl2(g) CH3Cl(g) +
HCl(g)
2. Given the data:
4NH3(g) + 3O2(g) 2N2(g) + 6H2O(l), ∆H = -1530kJmol-1
H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) H2O(l), ∆H = -288 kJmol-1
Calculate the enthalpy of formation of ammonia.
3. When ethanol burns in oxygen under standard conditions, carbon dioxide, water and 1368
kJmol-1 of energy are produced. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of ethanol, given that the
enthalpies of formation of carbon dioxide and water are -393.7 and -285.9 kJmol-1
respectively.
Using standard enthalpies of combustion
1. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of butane (C4H10) from the following data:
Enthalpy of combustion of graphite = -393.6 kJmol-1
Enthalpy of combustion of hydrogen = -285.9 kJmol-1
Enthalpy of combustion of butane = -2877.1 kJmol-1
2. Given the following data:
Substance CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH=CH2 H2
ΔHc/kJmol-1 -2877 -2717 -286
Calculate ΔH for the following reaction: CH3CH2CH=CH2 + H2 CH3CH2CH2CH3
3. Given the following data:
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ΔH = -890 kJmol-1
CO(g) + 1/2O2(g) CO2(g) ΔH = -284 kJmol-1
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) ΔH = -393 kJmol-1
H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) H2O(l) ΔH = -286 kJmol-1
Calculate:
a) The enthalpy of formation of methane
b) The enthalpy of formation of carbon monoxide
c) The enthalpy change when methane is burned in limited oxygen to form carbon monoxide
and water.
Bond dissociation enthalpies
1. The enthalpy of formation of ammonia is -46 kJmol-1 and the bond dissociation enthalpies
of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas are +945 kJmol-1 and +436 kJmol-1 respectively.
Calculate the average bond enthalpy of an N-H bond.
2. Given the following information:
C(s) C(g), ∆H = +715 kJmol-1
Cl2(g) 2Cl(g), ∆H = +242 kJmol-1
C(s) + 2Cl2(g) CCl4(g), ∆H = -135.5 kJmol-1
Calculate the average bond dissociation enthalpy of a C-Cl bond.
3. Given that the enthalpy of formation of ethanol is -277 kJmol-1, use the data booklet to
calculate the bond dissociation enthalpy of the C-O bond.
4. The equation below shows the combustion of hydrazine.
N2H4(l) + O2(g) → N2(g) + H2O(l)
a Copy and balance the equation.
b Use bond energies to draw Hess cycle and hence, calculate the enthalpy change for the
reaction.
c Give three reasons why hydrazine is a good fuel.
d Draw an energy profile diagram for this reaction.
5. The equation below shows the displayed formulae for propene and cyclopropane.
a Calculate the standard enthalpy change for this reaction.
b Is this chemical change exothermic or endothermic?
