MODULE: RIZALCRS - LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
ACTIVITY 2: THE 19TH CENTURY PHILIPPINE ECONOMY, SOCIETY, AND
THE CHINESE MESTIZOS
FILM VIEWING: Watch the documentary and read the given materials about the movie
“Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon” then write down the 5 key points discussed in
the documentary regarding the content of the film.
1. FILIPINO IDENTITY AND NATIONALISM: During the time of Spanish
colonization, the movie examines the Filipino people's quest to find their identity. It
demonstrates how individuals like Kulas were perplexed by the Filipino identity. Kulas
begins to appreciate being Filipino and loving his nation as the narrative goes on. This
is a reflection of the 19th-century Filipino nationalism awakening.
2. SOCIAL CLASSES AND DISCRIMINATION: The movie emphasizes the various
social groups that were present in the Philippines at the time, including the illustrados,
Spaniards, Mestizos, and Indios. Indios had few opportunities and received unfair
treatment. The Spanish and mestizos held the majority of the wealth and power. Many
Filipinos demanded justice and change as a result of this unjust system.
3. INFLUENCE OF RELIGION AND THE FRIARS: Throughout the 19th century,
religion played a significant role in Filipino culture. The government, education, and
even people's private lives were all under the friars' authority. Characters in the movie
frequently do as the church says, demonstrating how powerful their influence was. But
it also demonstrates that people started to doubt the church's legitimacy.
4. POLITICAL CHANGES AND REVOLUTION: The start of the Philippines' political
transformation is depicted in the movie. People began to challenge the legitimacy of the
government and rebel against Spanish rule. As Filipinos grew more conscious of their
rights, there were early indications of revolution. The movements and uprisings that
would eventually result in the Philippine Revolution are reflected in this.
5. ROLE OF EDUCATION AND AWARENESS: During this period, education was
crucial in forming Filipino minds. Filipinos became more conscious of the injustices in
their surroundings as a result of their education and reading. The movie demonstrates
how characters like Kulas were able to appreciate freedom and identity thanks to
knowledge. This is similar to how heroes like Rizal were motivated to fight for change
by their education.
Describe the 19th century Philippines as represented in the film. (2-3 paragraphs)
According to the movie Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon,
the Philippines in the 19th century was a period of uncertainty and
transformation. Spanish rule won, and social classes were established.
Compared to mestizos and Spaniards, indigenous Filipinos, or Indios,
were viewed as second-class citizens. While the poor were frequently
mistreated or ignored, the wealthy enjoyed greater rights.
MODULE: RIZALCRS - LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
During this period, religion played a significant role. In addition to the church, the
friars also held sway over the government, education, and land. While some Filipinos
began to doubt their unfair treatment and power, many others blindly followed them.
This sparked the development of fresh concepts and the emergence of the desire for
independence.
The emergence of Filipino identity was also depicted in the movie. Kulas was among
the many characters who found it difficult to comprehend what it meant to be Filipino.
People began to inquire about their identities and national roles. This was the start of
national consciousness.
In conclusion, the Philippines underwent a sea change in the 19th century. During this
period, Filipinos started to think independently, pursue justice, and gradually struggle for
their independence.
Complete the graphic organizer by supplying the changes in the 19th Century Philippines,
categorizing social, political, economic, and cultural changes.
SOCIAL POLITICAL ECONOMIC CULTURAL
Clear social classes Spanish colonial Trade increased Influence of
(Indios, mestizos, rule with growing due to the opening Spanish culture
Spaniards). unrest. of ports. and religion.
Discrimination Rise of reform Introduction of National identity
based on race and movements and cash crops and and Filipino pride
class. revolts. taxes. rising.
