Unity University
Psychology Assignment
Group names; 1. Pineal Andualem UUR00723/17
2. Nitsuh Gashaw UUR00720/17
3. Dagmawi Dereje UUR02310/17
4. Michael Kidanu UUR00797/17
5. Nebiyu Daniel UUR02103/17
6. Muazin Sebah Kedir UUR 02102/17
7. Pineal Samuel
Submitted by; Group 7, CCS-7R
Submission date; February 1, 2025
Psychology Unit 3 - Learning True or False (10 Questions)
1. Learning is a temporary change in behavior due to experience. (False)
2. Classical conditioning was first introduced by B.F. Skinner. (False)
3. Operant conditioning involves reinforcement and punishment to modify behavior. (True)
4. The cognitive learning theory suggests that learning is solely dependent on external stimuli.
(False)
5. Social learning theory emphasizes learning through observation and imitation. (True)
6. Reinforcement always leads to positive behavior change. (False)
7. Latent learning occurs even without immediate reinforcement. (True)
8. According to the behavioral theory of learning, internal mental processes are the primary
factors in learning. (False)
9. Insight learning involves sudden realization to solve problems. (True)
10. Pavlov's experiment on classical conditioning involved conditioning dogs to salivate to a
bell. (True)
Matching Questions (10 Questions)
1. Classical Conditioning, a. Learning by observing others
2. Operant Conditioning, b. Learning that remains hidden until needed
3. Social Learning Theory, c. Learning through reinforcement and punishment
4. Reinforcement, d. The process of acquiring new behavior based on
consequences
5. Punishment, e. A process that strengthens behavior
6. Latent Learning, f. A method of discouraging undesirable behavior
7. Observational Learning, g. Learning through the association of stimuli
8. Cognitive Learning Theory, h. Learning occurs due to internal mental process
9. Insight Learning, i. Sudden realization of a solution
10. Stimulus Generalization, j. Responding to similar stimuli in the same way
Answer Key:
1 - g, 2 - c, 3 - a, 4 - e, 5 - f, 6 - b, 7 - a, 8 - h, 9 - i, 10 – j
Multiple Choice Questions (30 Questions)
1. Which theory of learning is associated with B.F. Skinner?
a) Classical Conditioning
b) Operant Conditioning
c) Social Learning Theory
d) Cognitive Learning Theory
Answer: b) Operant Conditioning
2. Pavlov’s experiment with dogs demonstrated which type of learning?
a) Operant Conditioning
b) Classical Conditioning
c) Observational Learning
d) Cognitive Learning
Answer: b) Classical Conditioning
3. What is the main focus of cognitive learning theory?
a) Behavior modification
b) Environmental stimuli
c) Mental processes
d) Reinforcement and punishment
Answer: c) Mental processes
4. In operant conditioning, which type of reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior
occurring again?
a) Negative reinforcement
b) Positive reinforcement
c) Punishment
d) Extinction
Answer: b) Positive reinforcement
5. Which psychologist is known for observational learning?
a) Ivan Pavlov
b) B.F. Skinner
c) Albert Bandura
d) John Watson
Answer: c) Albert Bandura
6. What does latent learning demonstrate?
a) Learning occurs without reinforcement
b) Learning only happens when rewarded
c) Learning is always observable
d) Learning is not influenced by cognition
Answer: a) Learning occurs without reinforcement
7. A child learns aggression by watching violent television programs. This is an example of:
a) Classical Conditioning
b) Operant Conditioning
c) Social Learning
d) Insight Learning
Answer: c) Social Learning
8. What is a conditioned stimulus (CS) in classical conditioning?
a) An unlearned trigger for a response
b) A stimulus that naturally causes a response
c) A previously neutral stimulus that elicits a response after association
d) A stimulus that has no effect on behavior
Answer: c) A previously neutral stimulus that elicits a response after association
9. Which reinforcement schedule produces the highest resistance to extinction?
a) Fixed ratio
b) Variable ratio
c) Fixed interval
d) Continuous reinforcement
Answer: b) Variable ratio
10. In classical conditioning, extinction occurs when:
a) A conditioned response is forgotten
b) The conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus
c) A punishment is applied
d) Learning is reinforced continuously
Answer: b) The conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus
11. The law of effect, which states that behaviors followed by positive outcomes are
strengthened, was proposed by:
a) B.F. Skinner
b) John Watson
c) Edward Thorndike
d) Albert Bandura
Answer: c) Edward Thorndike
12. Which of the following is NOT an example of reinforcement?
a) Giving a child candy for cleaning their room
b) Taking away homework for good behavior
c) Spanking a child for misbehaving
d) Allowing extra playtime for good grades
Answer: c) Spanking a child for misbehaving
13. The cognitive learning theory suggests that:
a) Learning depends entirely on external reinforcement
b) Learning is based on associations between stimuli
c) Learning occurs through mental processes and problem-solving
d) Learning is best explained by behavioral conditioning
Answer: c) Learning occurs through mental processes and problem-solving
14. In operant conditioning, what is the purpose of punishment?
a) To increase behavior
b) To decrease behavior
c) To reinforce positive actions
d) To create new learned responses
Answer: b) To decrease behavior
15. Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
a) Giving a child candy for good behavior
b) Taking away chores when a child behaves well
c) Giving a fine for speeding
d) Assigning extra homework for bad behavior
Answer: b) Taking away chores when a child behaves well
16. What is shaping in operant conditioning?
a) Rewarding successive approximations of a behavior
b) Punishing incorrect responses
c) Teaching an animal through observation
d) Pairing a stimulus with a response
Answer: a) Rewarding successive approximations of a behavior
17. A dog trained to salivate to a bell also salivates when it hears a similar sound. This is an
example of:
a) Extinction
b) Stimulus generalization
c) Discrimination
d) Spontaneous recovery
Answer: b) Stimulus generalization
18. A child who only fears large dogs but not small ones is demonstrating:
a) Generalization
b) Discrimination
c) Habituation
d) Extinction
Answer: b) Discrimination
19. What is the key idea behind social learning theory?
a) Learning occurs only through direct experience
b) Learning happens by observing others
c) Learning requires reinforcement to be effective
d) Learning is purely instinctive
Answer: b) Learning happens by observing others
20. A teacher praising a student for participating in class is an example of:
a) Positive reinforcement
b) Negative reinforcement
c) Positive punishment
d) Negative punishment
Answer: a) Positive reinforcement
21. Who introduced the concept of insight learning?
a) B.F. Skinner
b) John Watson
c) Wolfgang Köhler
d) Edward Thorndike
Answer: c) Wolfgang Köhler
22. A rat presses a lever and receives food every time. This is an example of:
a) Partial reinforcement
b) Fixed interval reinforcement
c) Continuous reinforcement
d) Negative reinforcement
Answer: c) Continuous reinforcement
23. In Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment, children who observed aggressive behavior were more
likely to:
a) Ignore the doll
b) Act aggressively toward the doll
c) Cry when they saw the doll
d) Avoid the doll completely
Answer: b) Act aggressively toward the doll
24. The process of associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus is known as:
a) Extinction
b) Classical conditioning
c) Operant conditioning
d) Observational learning
Answer: b) Classical conditioning
25. What is a fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?
a) Rewarding behavior after a fixed number of responses
b) Rewarding behavior at random times
c) Rewarding behavior after a variable number of responses
d) Rewarding behavior after a fixed amount of time
Answer: a) Rewarding behavior after a fixed number of responses
26. Which type of learning occurs without reinforcement and only becomes apparent later?
a) Classical conditioning
b) Operant conditioning
c) Latent learning
d) Observational learning
Answer: c) Latent learning
27. What happens during extinction in classical conditioning?
a) The conditioned response disappears when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with
the unconditioned stimulus
b) The conditioned response becomes stronger over time
c) The unconditioned stimulus is forgotten
d) The conditioned stimulus creates a new behavior
Answer: a) The conditioned response disappears when the conditioned stimulus is no longer
paired with the unconditioned stimulus
28. The tendency to revert to instinctive behaviors despite conditioning is called:
a) Habituation
b) Instinctual drift
c) Extinction
d) Generalization
Answer: b) Instinctual drift
29. A student studying hard to avoid parental scolding is demonstrating:
a) Positive reinforcement
b) Negative reinforcement
c) Punishment
d) Classical conditioning
Answer: b) Negative reinforcement
30. Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?
a) Food
b) Water
c) Money
d) Sleep
Answer: c) Money
