Backend Developer Roadmap
1. Learn a Programming Language
• Popular backend languages:
o JavaScript (Node.js)
o Python
o Java
o Ruby
o PHP
o C#
2. Understand Databases
• Relational Databases (SQL): MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite
• NoSQL Databases: MongoDB, Redis, Cassandra
3. Learn about APIs
• RESTful APIs: principles and building
• GraphQL: query language for APIs
4. Version Control
• Git basics: clone, commit, push, pull
• Using GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket
5. Server, Network & Hosting Basics
• Understand how servers and hosting work
• Learn about domains, DNS, SSL, HTTP/HTTPS
6. Backend Frameworks
• Node.js frameworks: Express.js, NestJS
• Python frameworks: Django, Flask
• Java frameworks: Spring Boot
• Ruby: Ruby on Rails
• PHP: Laravel
7. Authentication & Authorization
• Sessions, cookies, tokens (JWT)
• OAuth, OpenID Connect
8. Security Best Practices
• Input validation, encryption
• Prevent common attacks: SQL injection, XSS, CSRF
9. Testing
• Unit testing, integration testing
• Tools: Jest, Mocha, PyTest
10. Caching
• Use Redis, Memcached to optimize performance
11. Message Queues
• RabbitMQ, Kafka for async processing
12. Containerization & Orchestration
• Docker basics
• Kubernetes introduction
13. CI/CD
• Continuous Integration & Deployment tools
14. Cloud Services
• AWS, Azure, Google Cloud basics
15. Monitoring & Logging
• Tools like Prometheus, Grafana, ELK stack