NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 11

NOVEMBER 2024

LIFE SCIENCES P2

MARKS: 150

TIME: 2½ hours

*ILFSCE2*

This question paper consists of 15 pages.

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2 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions.

1. Answer ALL the questions.

2. Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK.

3. Start EACH question on a NEW page.

4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.

5. Present your answers according to the instructions of each question.

6. ALL drawings MUST be done in pencil and labelled in blue or black ink.

7. Draw diagrams, tables or flow charts ONLY when asked to do so.

8. The diagrams in this question paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.

9. Do NOT use graph paper.

10. You may use a non-programmable calculator, protractor and a compass, where
necessary.

11. All calculations to be rounded off to TWO decimal spaces.

12. Write neatly and legibly.

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 3

SECTION A

QUESTION 1

1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers
(1.1.1 to 1.1.9) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.10 D.

1.1.1 A root system mainly found in monocots formed by many thin,

moderately branching roots from the stem.

A Vascular roots
B Aerial roots
C Adventitious roots
D Taproots

1.1.2 A biological preparation made from damaged micro-organisms

particles used to stimulate an immune response by the body's immune
system.

A Antibiotic
B Vaccine
C Antigen
D Virus

1.1.3 The diagram below shows a bread mould.

The correct labels for the diagram above are:

A X-spores, Y-sporangiophore, Z-sporangium

B X-sporangium, Y-spores, Z-sporangiophore
C Z-sporangiophore, Y-sporangium, X-spores
D Y-sporangium, X-sporangiophore, Z-spores

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4 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

1.1.4 A technique used to determine the elephant population from an aerial

photograph:

A Quadrat sampling
B Direct counting
C Mark-recapture
D Culling

1.1.5 The table below shows the water dam levels in the Nelson Mandela
Bay municipality during certain months of 2024.

Dam Capacity when Current level Available water

full (mℓ) (%) (mℓ)
Churchill 32 249 mℓ 100% 32 597 mℓ
Impofu 105 757 mℓ 42.62% 27 642 mℓ
Loerie 3 026 mℓ 98.65% 2 410 mℓ
Kouga 125 910 mℓ 100% 121 755 mℓ
Groendal 11 638 mℓ 100% 11 149 mℓ

Which dam has the least available water?

A Impofu
B Groendal
C Kouga
D Loerie

1.1.6 A narrow shaft drilled in the ground to extract water.

A Aquifer
B Borehole
C Wetland
D Purification

1.1.7 Study the list below.

(i) Stops using medication after feeling better

(ii) Uses incorrect treatment
(iii) The pathogen undergoes mutations
(iv) Uses correct treatment on regular basis
(v) Gets infected with another disease

Which of the following combinations causes humans to develop

resistance to a disease?

A (i) and (v)

B (ii), (iv) and (v)
C (iii) and (iv)
D (i) and (iii)

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1.1.8 The net increase in a population can be determined by …

A adding deaths and immigrations and subtracting births and

emigrations.
B adding births and immigrations and subtracting deaths and
emigrations.
C adding births and emigrations and subtracting deaths and
immigrations.
D adding births and deaths and subtracting emigrations and
immigrations.

1.1.9 The following diagram shows a seed.

2

1 3

Which labelled part develops into the stem and leaves?

A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4 (9 x 2) (18)

1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write
only the term next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.9) in the ANSWER
BOOK.

1.2.1 Organisms of the same species that live together in the same
environment and can interbreed

1.2.2 A plant body that is not differentiated into stems and leaves and which
lacks true roots

1.2.3 Plant and animal species that remain stable in their environment

1.2.4 Organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and

other plant material by micro-organisms

1.2.5 A stem which grows horizontally

1.2.6 Factors that will exert an influence on a population regardless of its size

1.2.7 A process of initial colonisation of land in a previously disturbed area

1.2.8 Growing of a single species of plant crops in large areas for many
consecutive years

1.2.9 Electricity generated by the power of water (9 x 1) (9)

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6 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

1.3 Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN Ι, applies to A ONLY, B

ONLY, BOTH A and B, or NONE of the items in COLUMN ΙΙ. Write A only, B
only, both A and B, or none next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.3) in the
ANSWER BOOK.

COLUMN Ι COLUMN ΙΙ
1.3.1 Develop a notochord A: Arthropoda
B: Chordata
1.3.2 Hemocoel A: Open blood system
B: Closed blood system
1.3.3 Autotrophic A: Green algae
B: Amoeba
(3 x 2) (6)

1.4 The phylogenetic diagram below shows possible evolutionary relationships in

living organisms with four divisions.

A B C D

Seeds

Vascular tissue

Common ancestor

1.4.1 Identify the kingdom represented by the phylogenetic diagram above. (1)

1.4.2 Write down the LETTER and NAME of the division that has:

(a) Dominant gametophyte generation (2)

(b) Fronds as leaves (2)

1.4.3 State the evolutionary adaptation at X in division D that allowed it to be

successful. (1)

1.4.4 Name the vascular tissue that transports manufactured foods. (1)

1.4.5 Which kingdom has sessile organisms that differ to the one above in
their mode of nutrition? (1)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 7

1.5 The graph below shows the interaction of between the lynx and hare population
over time.

PREDATOR-PREY GRAPH OF LYNX AND HARE POPULATION

NUMBERS FROM 1845 TO 1895
100
Carrying capacity
90
Population size (thousands)

80
D
70 B
60

50
Lynx
40
Hare
30

20

10

0
1845 1855 1865 1875 1885 1895
Year

1.5.1 Name the:

(a) Prey species (1)

(b) Predator species (1)

1.5.2 What is the carrying capacity of the hare population in the above
predator-prey graph? (1)

1.5.3 In which years is the population size of the hare twice as much as the
lynx population? (2)

1.5.4 Identify the phase marked:

(a) B (1)

(b) D (1)

1.5.5 State TWO other density-dependent factors that may have a negative
effect on a population. (2)

TOTAL SECTION A: 50

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8 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

SECTION B

QUESTION 2

2.1 The diagram below shows a process in biotechnology on how insulin is

produced for humans with diabetes mellitus.

Micro-organism X Human cell

Plasmid

DNA

Plasmid
is cut

Gene
from DNA

Recombinant DNA

2.1.1 Name the:

(a) Biotechnological process above (1)

(b) Micro-organism X used in this process (1)

2.1.2 Explain how micro-organism X named in QUESTION 2.1.1 (b)

reproduces to make it suitable for the above process. (2)

2.1.3 Describe the steps involved in producing insulin. (4)

2.1.4 Draw a neatly labelled diagram of micro-organism X to show its

structure. (5)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 9

2.2 Read the information below.

HIV/Aids has been a global health pandemic for many years, with more than 35
million lives lost globally through this disease. Although no cure for this virus has
been developed, scientists have developed prevention therapy to stop and reduce
the spread of HIV in humans.

One such prevention therapy for HIV/Aids is Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP).

PrEP works by stimulating the immune system into blocking an enzyme HIV
needs to reproduce in the body. These drugs are usually taken daily at the same
time interval by HIV negative people.

Scientists carried out an investigation to determine the effectiveness of PrEP

drugs on preventing HIV infection in women.

The procedure was as follows:

x 5 338 women aged 16‒25 years old participated in the investigation and were
divided into three groups (A, B and C).
x Group A which consisted of 2 134 women, were given the Lenacapavir drug
twice a year (once every 6 months).
x Group B had 2 136 women participants who took the Descovy drug daily for a
year.
x Group C had 1 068 women participants who took the Truvada drug daily for a
year.

The results of the investigation are shown graphically below.

INCIDENCE OF DEVELOPING HIV INFECTION TO

DIFFERENT PrEP DRUGS
HIV INFECTION (PER 100)

2,5
INCIDENCE OF
DEVELOPING

1,5

0,5

0
Lenacapavir Descovy Truvada
PrEP DRUG

2.2.1 Identify the type of immunity the PrEP drugs offer to people. (1)

2.2.2 For this investigation, identify the:

(a) Dependent variable (1)

(b) Independent variable (1)

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10 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

2.2.3 Give ONE reason why this investigation could be considered reliable. (1)

2.2.4 State TWO factors that were considered in the selection of women
participants in this investigation. (2)

2.2.5 Explain which PrEP drug would be highly recommended for sexually
active people. (3)

2.2.6 State ONE other HIV/Aids preventative measure sexually active people
must practice during sexual intercourse. (1)

2.3 The diagram below shows pollination in flowering plants.

A
C
Pollen

E
B

Ovary

Flower 1 Flower 2

2.3.1 Identify the:

(a) Pollinating agent in the above process (1)

(b) Type of pollination represented (1)

2.3.2 Write down the LETTER and NAME of the structure that:

(a) Attracts the pollinating agent (2)

(b) Has a protective function (2)

2.3.3 Describe the events that occur when pollen lands on part D. (4)

2.3.4 Give ONE characteristic in the offspring produced by these plants, that
would enable them to survive in harsh changing environments. (1)

2.3.5 Research shows a decline in the population size of the pollinating agent
above.

Explain how this could affect the cost of seed-based foods. (2)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 11

2.4 The diagram below shows an octopus, a triploblastic marine organism with
eight limbs.

Octopus
limbs

2.4.1 How many tissue layers does an octopus have? (1)

2.4.2 Give ONE possible function of the eight limbs on the octopus body. (1)

2.4.3 Diagram 1 and 2 below shows a possible body plan for an octopus.

(a) Identify tissue layer Y. (1)

(b) Which DIAGRAM (1 or 2) is found in an octopus? (1)

2.4.4 More evolved animal phyla developed fluid X in tissue layer Y.

Name fluid X and explain TWO advantages of fluid X in more evolved
phyla. (5)

2.4.5 Name the animal phylum that has the symmetry in DIAGRAM 1. (1)

2.5 Describe TWO ways invertebrates can be useful in agriculture. (4)

[50]

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12 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

QUESTION 3
3.1 The graphs below show the population pyramids of China in the years 1980 and
2020.

China 1980 China 2020

Population: 982 372 466 Ages Population: 1 424 929 781

Males Females Males Females

8% 4% 0% 4% 8% 8% 4% 0% 4% 8%

3.1.1 What is the name of the graph shown above, used to illustrate the
distribution of a population in a country? (1)
3.1.2 In which year did China:
(a) Lack basic resources for its growing population? (1)
(b) Improve life expectancy of its population? (1)
3.1.3 Explain your answer to QUESTION 3.1.2 (b) by referring to the graph. (2)

3.1.4 Determine the total number of males in the 2020 Chinese population if
the percentage of males is 51,2%. Show ALL workings. (2)

3.1.5 The Chinese government introduced the One Child Policy in 1980 and
other economic reform policies in the following years. These policies
were designed to slow down the rapid population growth and increase
the number of people of working-age. Under the One Child Policy
married couples were allowed to have one child.

(a) Explain how these policies affected the pre-reproductive age and
the working-age population percentages from the year 1980 to the
year 2020. (4)
(b) Give TWO other strategies governments can implement to reduce
population growth in a country. (2)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 13

3.2 Read the information below.

Plastic pollution is linked to climate change, especially plastics that are only
used once which are often disposed-off and in some cases burned in landfill
sites in informal dwellings. The burning of plastic contributes negatively to
people’s health. Many attempts have been made by some municipalities and
other organisations to recycle plastic with little success achieved.

The table below shows the amount of plastic wasted in millions of tons (Mt) in
2019 by different types of plastic waste.

Type of plastic waste Amount of plastic Amount of plastic

(millions of tons) (Percentage %)
Landfill sites 174 49,3
Incinerated (burned) 67 19
Released into the
environment 79 22,4
Recycled 33 9,3

3.2.1 Name the type of plastic waste that has contributed the most to climate
change. (1)

3.2.2 Explain how communities can use the type of plastic waste in
QUESTION 3.2.1 to their advantage. (2)

3.2.3 Describe how incineration (burning of plastic) can have a negative effect
on people’s health. (3)

3.2.4 Suggest TWO possible reasons for the low percentage in recycled plastic
waste. (2)

3.2.5 Draw a pie chart to represent the amount of plastic, measured in

percentage, of the different types of plastic waste in 2019. (7)

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14 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

3.3 Read the extract below on an alien invasive plant.

THE BRAZILIAN PEPPERTREE THREATENS BIODIVERSITY

Brazilian peppertree
The Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) is an invasive alien plant in
parts of South Africa that is indigenous to Brazil in South America. This plant which
was initially introduced for ornamental and street tree purposes usually invades
previously disturbed land areas and river margins.

The Brazilian peppertree has a rapid growth rate that enables it to outcompete
indigenous vegetation by forming a dense canopy layer over other plants. This
plant has poisonous berries that are harmful to wildlife such as birds and other
animals that eat them, thus causing them to die. The growth of this invasive
plant can reach up to 10 metres in height and it absorbs a lot of carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere.

3.3.1 What is meant by alien invasive? (2)

3.3.2 Why was the Brazilian peppertree introduced in South Africa? (1)

3.3.3 Give evidence from the extract that states the Brazilian peppertree:

(a) Is a pioneer species (1)

(b) Is toxic to animal life (1)

(c) Can reduce global warming (1)

3.3.4 Explain how the rapid growth rate of the Brazilian peppertree can affect
plant biodiversity. (3)

3.3.5 Describe how biological control could work in helping to reduce the
population of the Brazilian peppertree. (2)

3.4 Coastal provinces in South Africa have experienced adverse weather patterns,
causing severe damage to communities.

Explain the impact of global warming on the weather patterns. (5)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 15

3.5 Competition and symbiosis exist in ecosystems to allow organisms to compete

and interact with each other and share limited environmental resources.
Competition often causes some organisms to die out if they are outcompeted
while others survive.

The diagrams below show organisms competing.

DIAGRAM 1 DIAGRAM 2

3.5.1 Name the type of competition that occurs in:

(a) DIAGRAM 1 (1)

(b) DIAGRAM 2 (1)

3.5.2 Name and describe TWO symbiotic relationships that can benefit one
organism in an ecosystem. (4)
[50]

SECTION B: 100
GRAND TOTAL: 150

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 NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 11

NOVEMBER 2024

LIFE SCIENCES P2
MARKING GUIDELINE

MARKS: 150

This marking guideline consists of 10 pages.

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2 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

PRINCIPLES RELATED TO MARKING LIFE SCIENCES

1. If more information than marks allocated is given

Stop marking when maximum marks is reached and put a wavy line and ‘max.’
in the right-hand margin.

2. If, for example, three reasons are required and five are given
Mark the first three irrespective of whether all or some are correct/incorrect.

3. If whole process is given when only a part of it is required

Read all and credit the relevant part.

4. If comparisons are asked for but descriptions are given

Accept if the differences/similarities are clear.

5. If tabulation is required but paragraphs are given

Candidates will lose marks for not tabulating.

6. If diagrams are given with annotations when descriptions are required

Candidates will lose marks.

7. If flow charts are given instead of descriptions

Candidates will lose marks.

8. If sequence is muddled and links do not make sense

Where sequence and links are correct, credit. Where sequence and links are
incorrect, do not credit. If sequence and links become correct again, resume
credit.

9. Non-recognised abbreviations
Accept if first defined in answer. If not defined, do not credit the unrecognised
abbreviation but credit the rest of the answer if correct.

10. Wrong numbering

If answer fits into the correct sequence of questions but the wrong number is
given, it is acceptable.

11. If language used changes the intended meaning

Do not accept.

12. Spelling errors

If recognisable, accept the answer, provided it does not mean something else in
Life Sciences or if it is out of context.

13. If common names are given in terminology

Accept, provided it was accepted at the national memo discussion meeting.

14. If only the letter is asked for but only the name is given (and vice versa)
Do not credit.

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 3

15. If units are not given in measurements

Candidates will lose marks. Marking guideline will allocate marks for units
separately.

16. Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated in a

different way.

17. Caption
All illustrations (diagrams, graphs, tables, etc.) must have a caption.

18. Code-switching of official languages (terms and concepts)

A single word or two that appear(s) in any official language other than the
learners' assessment language used to the greatest extent in his/her answers
should be credited if it is correct. A marker that is proficient in the relevant official
language should be consulted. This is applicable to all official languages.

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4 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1 1.1.1 C ✓✓
1.1.2 B ✓✓
1.1.3 C ✓✓
1.1.4 B ✓✓
1.1.5 D ✓✓
1.1.6 B ✓✓
1.1.7 D ✓✓
1.1.8 B ✓✓
1.1.9 A ✓✓ (9 x 2) (18)
1.2 1.2.1 Population ✓
1.2.2 Thallus ✓
1.2.3 Climax species ✓
1.2.4 Humus ✓
1.2.5 Rhizome ✓
1.2.6 Density-independent factors ✓
1.2.7 Primary succession ✓
1.2.8 Monoculture ✓
1.2.9 Hydroelectricity ✓ (9 x 1) (9)
1.3 1.3.1 B only ✓✓
1.3.2 A only ✓✓
1.3.3 A only ✓✓ (3 x 2) (6)
1.4.1 Plantae ✓/plant kingdom (1)
1.4.2 (a) A ✓ – Bryophytes ✓ (2)
(b) B ✓ – Pteridophytes ✓ (2)
1.4.3 - Fruits ✓
- Flowers ✓ (1)
1.4.4 Phloem ✓ (1)
1.4.5 Fungi ✓ (1)

1.5 1.5.1 (a) Hare ✓ (1)

(b) Lynx ✓ (1)
1.5.2 92 000 ✓ (1)
1.5.3 1860 ✓ and 1890 ✓ (2)
1.5.4 (a) Exponential ✓/geometric phase (1)
(b) Death ✓/extinction phase (1)

1.5.5 - Disease ✓
- Competition ✓ (2)
TOTAL SECTION A: 50

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 5

SECTION B

QUESTION 2

2.1 2.1.1 (a) Genetic engineering ✓/genetic modification/genetic manipulation (1)

(b) Bacteria ✓ (1)

2.1.2 - Micro-organism/bacteria reproduces asexually/mitosis ✓

- Producing identical copies of itself ✓ (2)

2.1.3 - A plasmid/circular DNA is removed from the bacterial cell ✓

- It is cut ✓ using enzymes
- The insulin gene is removed from a human cell ✓ and
- inserted into the plasmid ✓ to form the recombinant DNA ✓ (4)

2.1.4 Structure of a Bacterium

Cell wall
Cell membrane
Ribosome Nucleoid
Cytoplasm

Plasmid Flagellum

Guideline for assessing the drawing

Criteria Mark allocation
Correct diagram (D) 1
Caption (C) 1
Any three/3 correct labels (L) 3 (5)

2.2 2.2.1 Artificial ✓/acquired immunity (1)

2.2.2 (a) Preventing HIV infection ✓ (1)

(b) PrEP drugs ✓ (1)

2.2.3 5 338 women ✓/participants were used.

(Mark first ONE only) (1)

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6 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

2.2.4 - HIV negative ✓ women

- (Similar) age group ✓
(Mark first TWO only) (2)

2.2.5 - Lenacapavir ✓ is the most effective PrEP drug

- since there is 0 /no incidence of developing HIV infection ✓
- thus, preventing the spread of HIV, prevention of HIV
infection. ✓ (3)

2.2.6 - Use condom ✓/protection (1)

2.3 2.3.1 (a) Bee ✓/insect (1)

(b) Cross ✓ pollination (1)

2.3.2 (a) C ✓- corolla ✓/petal (2)

(b) B ✓- calyx ✓/sepal (2)

2.3.3 - Pollen grain germinates down the style ✓/forming a pollen tube
- Fertilises an ovule ✓ inside the ovary
- The fertilised ovule forms a seed ✓
- The ovary wall forms fruit ✓ (4)

2.3.4 Genetic variation ✓ (1)

2.3.5 - The cost of seed-based foods will increase ✓/expensive

- due to a decrease ✓ in seed production/decrease in insect
pollination (2)

2.4.1 Three ✓/3 layers (1)

2.4.2 - Used for movement ✓/catching prey/feeding

(Mark first ONE only) (1)

2.4.3 (a) Mesoderm ✓ (1)

(b) (Diagram) 2 ✓ (1)

2.4.4 Coelom ✓*
- Allows space ✓
for more complex organs to develop ✓
- Acts as a hydrostatic skeleton ✓
for movement of muscles ✓
- It separates the endoderm and ectoderm from each other with a
cavity ✓ allows the three layers to move independently ✓ of each
other/ peristalsis to occur
(Mark first TWO only) 1* compulsory + (Any 2 x 2) (5)

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2.4.5 - Cnidaria ✓
(Mark first ONE only) (1)

2.5 - They act as pollinators. ✓ Honeybees and butterflies pollinate various

flowers ✓
- They are decomposing dead organic material. ✓ Bacteria and fungi
decompose invertebrates such as termites, beetles, flies and worms. ✓
- They enrich the soil. ✓ Faeces of an earthworm is rich in nutrients for
plants. ✓
- They aerate the soil ✓/earthworms, ants, termites, etc. create
underground tunnels. This helps to infiltrate the soil with water ✓ /and
helps the plants to grow their roots deeper. ✓
(Mark first TWO only) (2 x 2) (4)
[50]

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8 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

QUESTION 3

3.1 3.1.1 Age-gender pyramid ✓ (1)

3.1.2 (a) 1980 ✓ (1)

(b) 2020 ✓ (1)

3.1.3 - There is a higher survival rate in adults in 2020 compared to 1980 ✓

- which indicates better health care services/facilities ✓ (2)

3.1.4 51.2
1 424 929 781 𝑥 100 ✓

= 729 564 047, 872 ✓

729 564 048 males (2)

3.1.5 (a) - The percentages of the pre-reproductive ages decreased ✓

from 1980 to 2020 due to fewer births ✓
- The percentages of the working-age group increased ✓ from
1980 to 2020 due to improved economic activity ✓/more
people employed
(Mark first TWO only) (2 x 2) (4)

(b) - Educate people about family planning ✓/contraceptives

- Incentives/tax-rebates for people with fewer family members
- Remove/limit child support grant ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

3.2 3.2.1 Landfill sites ✓ (1)

3.2.2 - By burning waste from a landfill site to release methane ✓

- to generate electricity ✓ (2)

3.2.3 - Burning plastic releases carbon dioxide ✓/harmful gases into the
atmosphere
- harmful incinerated/burned waste products/pollutants/toxins might be
inhaled ✓/get into people’s food/water
- leading to respiratory diseases ✓/cancer/birth defects (3)

3.2.4 - Lack of education about recycling ✓/benefits of recycling/harm caused

by plastic on the environment
- Few recycling bins ✓/resources
- Lack of incentives ✓/money for people who recycle.
- Price of plastic is cheap ✓/people can easily buy plastic
(Mark first TWO only) (Any 2 x 1) (2)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2024) LIFE SCIENCES P2 9

3.2.5 THE PERCENTAGE AMOUNT OF PLASTIC WASTE

ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLASTIC WASTE
Recycled,
9.3

Released into
the
environment,
Landfill
22.4
sites;
49.3

Incinerated
(burning),
19

Calculation:

Landfill site 49.3/100 x 360 = 177.48%

Incineration (burning) 19/100 x 360 = 68.4%
Released into the environment 22.4/100 x 360 = 80.64%
Recycled 9.3/100 x 360 = 33.48%

Criterion for marking the graph:

Criteria Mark allocation

Pie chart drawn (T) 1
Title of the graph showing both the
dependent and independent variables (H) 1
Correct calculations (C) 2
Key/labels provided (K) 1
Correct proportion of segments (P) 1 (1–3 segments correct)
2 (All 4 segments
correct) (7)

3.3 3.3.1 - Refers to plants that are brought into an area ✓/not naturally found
in a particular area
- that have become successful ✓/spread very fast/outcompete other
(indigenous) plants (2)

3.3.2 For ornamental and street tree ✓ purposes (1)

3.3.3 (a) Invades previously disturbed land areas ✓ (1)

(b) Has poisonous berries ✓ (1)

(c) Absorbs a lot of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere ✓ (1)

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10 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2024)

3.3.4 - The Brazilian peppertree forms a dense canopy layer ✓ over

indigenous plants
- Blocking/preventing light from reaching indigenous plants ✓
- This limits growth ✓ of indigenous plants
- Animals/birds that rely on indigenous plants for food cannot reach
them ✓
- Their seeds cannot be dispersed ✓/reduces pollination
(Any 3 x 1) (3)

3.3.5 A biological control would help by:

- Introducing a natural enemy ✓ of the Brazilian peppertree
- to consume ✓/eat the Brazilian peppertree
- Thus, reducing its growth spread ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

3.4 - Higher temperatures occur ✓

- Heat waves occur ✓
- The distribution of rainfall changes ✓
- Leading to increased rainfall in some areas ✓/experience floods
- While other areas experience decreased rainfall ✓/experience drought
- Storms are more severe ✓/frequent (Any 5 x 1) (5)

3.5 3.5.1 (a) Intraspecific ✓ competition (1)

(b) Interspecific ✓ competition (1)

3.5.2 - Parasitism ✓
Exists when one organism benefits from the relationship while the
host is harmed. ✓
- Commensalism ✓
Exists when one organism benefits from the relationship while the
other organism is neither harmed nor does it benefit. ✓ (2 x 2) (4)
[50]

TOTAL SECTION B: 100

GRAND TOTAL: 150

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